| 1. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(author)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Adler, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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Integrationdriven Development
- 1997
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In: Proceedings : the creation of prosperity, business and work opportunities through technology management. - Stockholm : Swedish Society of Mechanical Engineers, Naval Architects and Aeronautical Engineers. - 9163056119
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Almquist, H, et al.
(author)
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Performance of simultaneous emission-transmission systems for attenuation-corrected SPEct: a method for validation applied to two camera systems
- 2001
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In: Nuclear Medicine Communications. - 1473-5628. ; 22:7, s. 759-766
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several commercially available systems for attenuation correction in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) based on a transmission scan have been introduced that vary in performance. A test procedure for attenuation correction in SPECT is described and applied to two principally different gamma camera systems (the Siemens Multispect 3 triple-headed system [3HS] and the ADAC Genesys Vertex double-headed system [2HS]). The test procedure was based on geometrically well-defined phantoms. A torso phantom was used to illustrate the attenuation correction methods. The test procedure can be used without detailed knowledge of or access to the algorithms used for attenuation correction. The influence on the transmission measurement of radioactivity in a phantom was higher for the 2HS than for the 3HS. The 3HS produced satisfactory attenuation maps and corrected emission count rates to a constant value independent of phantom density and size. With the 2HS, there was a progressive decrease in the correction of emission count rates with increasing phantom density, and about 30% lower corrected count rates in the large compared with the small phantom. A decrease in measured attenuation coefficients in the vicinity of an emission source was demonstrated in large but not small phantoms. A likely explanation is erroneous correction of downscatter into the transmission energy window. This study demonstrates the need for independent evaluation of systems for attenuation correction in SPECT.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Amcoff, P., et al.
(author)
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Alterations of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the brain of sea-run Baltic salmon suffering a thiamine deficiency-related disorder
- 2002
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In: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 60:6, s. 1407-1416
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Baltic salmon Salmo salar females displaying wiggling behaviour had significantly lower (P<0.05) hepatic and ovarian thiamine (vitamin B1) concentrations than the normal females, confirming that they suffered from a thiamine deficiency. A significantly (P<0.05) increased monoaminergic activity was found in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus of the wiggling individuals as indicated by [5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)]: [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and [3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)]: [dopamine (DA)] ratios. The 5-HIAA concentrations of wiggling individuals were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus compared to normal fish. Wiggling fish showed significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of the DA metabolite DOPAC in the hypothalamus and the brain stem compared to normal fish. Furthermore, the brain stem in wiggling fish contained significantly (P<0.05) less 5-HT than in normal individuals, which was also reflected in a significant (P<0.05) increase in the (5-HIAA): (5-HT) ratio. These results demonstrate an increased serotonergic and dopaminergic activity in wiggling compared to normal fish. The altered monoaminergic activity may be directly related to altered brain thiamine metabolism, but a general stress caused by thiamine deficiency and an inability to regulate swim bladder inflation may contribute. Furthermore, a changed brain monoaminergic activity may contribute to the behaviour characterizing wiggling fish.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, S, et al.
(author)
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses in HIV-2-infected and in HIV-2-exposed but uninfected individuals in Guinea-Bissau
- 2005
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In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 139:3, s. 483-489
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses were determined in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-2-exposed uninfected individuals, HIV-2-infected individuals and HIV-negative controls in Guinea-Bissau. Increased HIV-2-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses were detected in both groups compared to HIV-negative controls (healthy HIV-uninfected individuals without known exposure to an HIV-infected person); five out of 29 of the HIV-2-exposed uninfected and half (16 of 32) of the HIV-2-infected individuals had stimulation indexes >2, compared to one out of 49 of the HIV-negative controls (P = 0.003 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The exposed uninfected individuals had reactivity to a HIV-2 V3-peptide corresponding to amino acids 311-326 of the envelope glycoprotein, while the HIV-2-infected people reacted mainly to HIV-2 whole viral lysate. Thus, this study demonstrates a high degree of HIV-2-specific T helper cell activity, as measured by lymphocyte proliferation, in HIV-2-exposed uninfected individuals as well as in HIV-2-infected subjects. These immune responses could be important for resistance to the infection and for the control of established infection and, thus, play a role in the lower transmission and progression of HIV-2 compared to HIV-1.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Biague, A, et al.
(author)
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High sexual risk taking and diverging trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in the military of Guinea Bissau
- 2010
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In: Journal of infection in developing countries. - : Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. - 1972-2680. ; 4:5, s. 301-308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: HIV and other sexually transmitted infections are a growing problem in the military personnel of Africa, and information about this problem in Guinea-Bissau is lacking. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and trends of the HIV epidemics in the military forces of Guinea Bissau and to explore possible risk factors for HIV infection. Methodology: Repeated cross-sectional surveys of HIV-1 and HIV-2 were conducted between 1992 and 2005, and knowledge, sexual behaviour and risk factors for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in military personnel in Guinea-Bissau were assessed. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1+HIV-2 dual reactivity was 1.1%, 8.4% and 0.1% in 1992-95, and in 2005 7.7%, 5.1% and 1.9%, respectively. Both the increase of HIV-1 and the decline of HIV-2 between 1992-95 and 2005 were significant when adjusted for age (p < 0.001 for both changes). Only a minority did not know how HIV transmits, but sexual risk taking was high. Several significant risk factors were found in univariate analyses for HIV-1 and HIV-2, but the only risk factor that remained significant after multivariate regression analysis was previous contact with a prostitute among HIV-1-positive subjects (single and dually reactive) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The increasing trend of HIV-1 and the high risky sexual behavior illustrate the need for improvement in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts among military personnel in Guinea Bissau.
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| 21. |
- Boswell, M. T., et al.
(author)
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Intrahost evolution of the HIV-2 capsid correlates with progression to AIDS
- 2022
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In: Virus Evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2057-1577. ; 8:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HIV-2 infection will progress to AIDS in most patients without treatment, albeit at approximately half the rate of HIV-1 infection. HIV-2 capsid (p26) amino acid polymorphisms are associated with lower viral loads and enhanced processing of T cell epitopes, which may lead to protective Gag-specific T cell responses common in slower progressors. Lower virus evolutionary rates, and positive selection on conserved residues in HIV-2 env have been associated with slower progression to AIDS. In this study we analysed 369 heterochronous HIV-2 p26 sequences from 12 participants with a median age of 30 years at enrolment. CD4% change over time was used to stratify participants into relative faster and slower progressor groups. We analysed p26 sequence diversity evolution, measured site-specific selection pressures and evolutionary rates, and determined if these evolutionary parameters were associated with progression status. Faster progressors had lower CD4% and faster CD4% decline rates. Median pairwise sequence diversity was higher in faster progressors (5.7x10-3 versus 1.4x10-3 base substitutions per site, P<0.001). p26 evolved under negative selection in both groups (dN/dS=0.12). Median virus evolutionary rates were higher in faster than slower progressors – synonymous rates: 4.6x10-3 vs. 2.3x10-3; and nonsynonymous rates: 6.9x10-4 vs. 2.7x10-4 substitutions/site/year, respectively. Virus evolutionary rates correlated negatively with CD4% change rates (ρ = -0.8, P=0.02), but not CD4% level. The signature amino acid at p26 positions 6, 12 and 119 differed between faster (6A, 12I, 119A) and slower (6G, 12V, 119P) progressors. These amino acid positions clustered near to the TRIM5α/p26 hexamer interface surface. p26 evolutionary rates were associated with progression to AIDS and were mostly driven by synonymous substitutions. Nonsynonymous evolutionary rates were an order of magnitude lower than synonymous rates, with limited amino acid sequence evolution over time within hosts. These results indicate HIV-2 p26 may be an attractive therapeutic target.
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| 22. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Improving radioimmunotargeting of tumors: the impact of preloading unlabeled L6 monoclonal antibody on the biodistribution of 125I-L6 in rats
- 1994
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In: Journal of nuclear biology and medicine (Turin, Italy : 1991). - 0368-3249. ; 38:4, s. 594-600
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the radioimmunotherapy of malignancies the uptake of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) is commonly low in tumors compared with normal tissue. Several methods have been suggested to increase the tumor-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratio. In this study we have investigated the biodistribution of different amounts of 125I-L6-biotin MoAb in combination with a preload of unlabeled L6 MoAb. Nude rats were injected with 50 micrograms or 250 micrograms of unlabeled L6 24 hours prior to the injection of 10 micrograms, 50 micrograms or 250 micrograms of 125I-L6, antipancarcinoma MoAb. Dissections were performed 24 hours after the injection of radiolabeled MoAb. The maximal enhancement of tumor uptake with simultaneously decreased uptake in normal tissues was with 250 micrograms of 125I-L6 preceded by a preload of 50 micrograms unlabeled L6. Mean T/N ratios were improved by a factor of 2.9 for bone marrow, 3.4 for liver, 3.7 for lungs and 2.3 for kidneys as compared with the corresponding controls. This study demonstrated that preinjection of optimal amounts of unlabeled L6 MoAb may increase the uptake of 125I-L6 by tumor and improve the T/N ratios. Based on present data, preloading with unlabeled MoAb should be considered in future clinical studies with immunoconjugates to improve the radioimmunotargeting of tumors. It is essential to titrate an appropriate amount of the preload, thus avoiding possible tumor antigen saturation of unlabeled MoAbs but simultaneously decreasing the uptake of subsequently injected radiolabeled MoAb in normal tissues.
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| 23. |
- Gisslén, Magnus, 1962, et al.
(author)
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Sweden, the first country to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 continuum of HIV care targets
- 2017
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In: HIV Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-2662 .- 1468-1293. ; 18:4, s. 305-307
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 goals propose that 90% of all people living with HIV should know their HIV status, 90% of those diagnosed should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 90% of those should have durable viral suppression. We have estimated the continuum of HIV care for the entire HIV-1-infected population in Sweden. Methods: The Swedish InfCare HIV Cohort Study collects viral loads, CD4 counts, and viral sequences, along with demographic and clinical data, through an electronic clinical decision support system. Almost 100% of those diagnosed with HIV infection are included in the database, corresponding to 6946 diagnosed subjects living with HIV-1 in Sweden by 31 December 2015. Results: Using HIV surveillance data reported to the Public Health Agency of Sweden, it was estimated that 10% of all HIV-infected subjects in Sweden remain undiagnosed. Among all diagnosed patients, 99.8% were linked to care and 97.1% of those remained in care. On 31 December 2015, 6605 of 6946 patients (95.1%) were on ART. A total of 6395 had been on treatment for at least 6 months and 6053 of those (94.7%) had a viral load < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. Conclusions: The 2014 UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 goals for HIV care means that > 73% of all patients living with HIV should be virologically suppressed by 2020. Sweden has already achieved this target, with 78% suppression, and is the first country reported to meet all the UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 goals.
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| 24. |
- Håkansson, H., et al.
(author)
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In vivo and in vitro toxicity of fractionated fish lipids, with particular regard to their content of chlorinated organic compounds
- 1991
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In: Pharmacology and Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 0901-9928 .- 1600-0773. ; 69:6, s. 459-471
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six different lipid matrices (the intact lipid (IL), four lipid fractions with different polarity, and the free fatty acids (FFAs) obtained by hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol (TAG) containing fraction) were obtained from salmon (Salmo salar) and eel (Anguilla anguilla), each collected at a contaminated and a comparatively uncontaminated catch site along the coast of Scandinavia. The lipid matrices were studied in toxicological test systems representing various biological functions of different organ systems from several species and trophic levels. The results were evaluated with particular respect to the concentrations of extractable organically bound chlorine (EOCl) in the matrices tested. In some test systems, the specimens with a higher EOCl concentration appeared to be more toxic. For example, the TAG containing fraction (F2) from Idefjord eel, having a higher EOCl content than F2 from Oslofjord eel, reduced the number and hatchability of eggs laid by zebrafish. Both IL and F2 of Idefjord eel increased mortality and reduced the oxygen/nitrogen-ratio in blue mussels. Non-polar compounds (F1) from Bothnian Sea salmon induced 7-ethoxyresurofin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in rainbow trout hepatocytes, whereas F1 from Senja salmon did not. F1 from Bothnian Sea salmon also reduced the number of T-cells in foetal mouse thymus anlagen in vitro compared with the cell number in anlagen exposed to F1 from Senja salmon. A positive correlation between EOCl concentration and test response was found for EROD activity in rainbow trout hepatocytes and for ATP-leakage in Erlich ascites tumour cells when testing the phospolipid containing fraction (F4). However, in most test systems the fish oils, irrespective of EOCl content, were of low toxicity, and the observed effects need to be verified in future studies.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Lindman, J., et al.
(author)
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Diabetes and pre-diabetes among police officers in Guinea-Bissau
- 2017
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In: African Journal of Diabetes Medicine. - 2042-8545. ; 25:2, s. 19-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study has investigated the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among 1119 police officers in Guinea-Bissau. Those with a random blood glucose (RBG) > 8.0 mol/l had HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) testing. Diabetes (HbA1c > 6.5%) was present in 4.1%, and pre-diabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.5%) was present in a further 4.2%. Factors associated with diabetes were age, weight and ethnicity.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Norrgren, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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A general, extracorporeal immunoadsorption method to increase the tumor-to-normal tissue ratio in radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy
- 1993
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In: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 34:3, s. 448-454
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate a new extracorporeal immunoadsorption method to improve tumor-to-normal tissue ratios in radioimmunoimaging (RII) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT). We have developed and investigated a general method using biotinylated antibodies and an agarose-avidin column for extracorporeal immunoadsorption. The studies were made in an animal model and extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) was performed 24 or 48 hr after the injection of 125I-labeled biotinylated antibodies. In athymic rats, heterotransplanted with human malignant melanoma, 90%-95% of the circulating activity was removed with ECIA. The tumor-to-normal tissue ratios at 24 hr was increased 4 times (from 1.2 to 5.1) in the liver, 2.5 times (0.7 to 1.8) in the lung, 4 times (1 to 4) in the kidneys and 4 times (1.4 to 5) in the bone marrow. Whole body activity was reduced by 40%-50%. Tumor-to-organ ratios at 48 hr were increased 3.5 times (from 1.5 to 5.2) in the liver, 2 times (0.9 to 1.7) in the lung, 3 times (1.3 to 3.8) in the kidneys and 4 times (1.4 to 5.5) in the bone marrow. Whole body activity was reduced by 35% when ECIA was performed 48 hr after injection. This study proves that an important reduction in background activity, and thereby an improvement in the tumor-to-background ratio, can be achieved by using this generally applicable, biotin-avidin ECIA method. For RII, the improved ratio increases the possibilities of detecting tumors and metastases in blood-rich organs. For RIT, the procedure may lead to a decreased absorbed dose to bone marrow and other critical organs.
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| 40. |
- Norrgren, L, et al.
(author)
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Effects of potential xenoestrogens (DEHP, nonylphenol and PCB) on sexual differentiation in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
- 1999
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In: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management. - : Michigan State University Press. - 1463-4988 .- 1539-4077. ; 2:3, s. 311-317
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of 17β-estradiol and potential xenoestrogens were investigated on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Juvenile salmon fed diets containing 15 and 30 mg 17β-estradiol kg−1 food for 4 weeks after yolk-sac resorption differentiated into 88 and 100% phenotypic females, respectively. The reference group, fed uncontaminated food, consisted of 49% females. A significant overrepresentation of phenotypic females (64%) was recorded in the group fed 1500 mg di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate kg−1 food. Atlantic salmon fed diets contaminated with nonylphenol showed no differences in sex ratios compared with the control group. A significantly increased liver somatic index was detected for groups exposed to diets contaminated with 15 and 30 mg 17β-estradiol, 300 mg nonylphenol or 1500 mg di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate kg−1 food. Intraperitoneal injections of nonylphenol, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, or polychlorinated biphenyls 58, 104, 112 and 188 did not induce synthesis of vitellogenin which is considered to be a hallmark for estrogenic activity in in vivo testing. Therefore, in vivo assays, that is, intraperitoneal injection, can not always predict how endocrine processes in organisms are affected by pollutants.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Strand, Sven-Erik, et al.
(author)
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A general extracorporeal immunoadsorption method to increase tumor-to-tissue ratio
- 1994
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In: Cancer. - 1097-0142. ; 73:3 Suppl, s. 1033-1037
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The idea of applying extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) in radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy has been proposed previously. The authors here report on the development of new concept using a general method for ECIA based on biotinylated MoAb adsorbed on an avidin column. Athymic rats heterotransplanted with either human melanomas or human lung carcinoma were injected with iodine-125-labeled biotinylated 96.5 or L6 MoAb, respectively. At 24 or 48 hours after the injection, ECIA was performed by pumping blood through a hollow-fiber plasma filter. The separated plasma then was passed through an absorbent (avidin-agarose) column. The whole ECIA procedure lasted for 3 hours. By this ECIA method, the tumor-to-normal tissue ratios were increased in various tissues (i.e., radiosensitive and blood rich organs) by a factor of four to five.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Waldenström, Jesper, 1985, et al.
(author)
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Randomized Trial Evaluating the Impact of Ribavirin Mono-Therapy and Double Dosing on Viral Kinetics, Ribavirin Pharmacokinetics and Anemia in Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection
- 2016
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this pilot study (RibaC), 58 hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infected treatment-naive patients were randomized to (i) 2 weeks ribavirin double dosing concomitant with pegylated interferon-alpha (pegIFN-alpha), (ii) 4 weeks ribavirin mono-therapy prior to adding pegIFN-alpha, or (iii) standard-of-care (SOC) ribavirin dosing concurrent with pegIFN-alpha. Four weeks of ribavirin mono-therapy resulted in a mean 0.46 log(10) IU/mL HCV RNA reduction differentially regulated across IL28B genotypes (0.89 vs. 0.21 log(10) IU/mL for CC and CT/TT respectively; P = 0.006), increased likelihood of undetectable HCV RNA week 4 after initiating pegIFN-alpha and thus shortened treatment duration (P < 0.05), and decreased median IP-10 concentration from 550 to 345 pg/mL (P < 0.001). Both experimental strategies impacted on ribavirin concentrations, and high levels were achieved after one week of double dosing. However, by day 14, double dosing entailed a greater hemoglobin decline as compared to SOC (2.2 vs. 1.4 g/dL; P = 0.03). Conclusion: Ribavirin down-regulates IP-10, and may have an antiviral effect differently regulated across IL28B genotypes.
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| 45. |
- Wanying, Q, et al.
(author)
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Radio-iodinated and internally labelled (35S) IgM monoclonal antibodies in a syngenic rat model
- 1991
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 30:3, s. 379-383
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To simulate the human situation concerning human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), we have introduced a new syngenic rat model with an implanted rat colon carcinoma. Rat IgM MAbs (10B12), labelled by the chloramine-T method with 125I or internally with 35S, were injected intravenously into the rats and the biodistribution was studied for 8 days. The radioactivity uptake in the tumours of the 35S label was higher than that of the 125I label and the retention of 35S in the tumours gave tumour/blood ratios 8 times higher than those of 125I at 48 and 96 h after injection. In this model we have shown that dehalogenation of iodinated IgM MAbs is a serious problem. We therefore suggest that internally labelled MAbs should be used and that further investigations should be carried out in a syngenic rat model, since this probably reflects the clinical situation better than the nude mouse model.
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| 46. |
- Åkerblom, N, et al.
(author)
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Impact of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCNs) in Juvenile Baltic Salmon, Salmo salar: Evaluation of Estrogenic Effects, Development, and CYP1A Induction
- 2000
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In: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-4341 .- 1432-0703. ; 38:2, s. 225-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Juvenile Baltic salmon, Salmo salar, were fed commercial salmon food contaminated with different concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs; 0.1, 1, 2, or 10 μg PCN/g food). Among other effects, possible estrogenic impact caused by PCNs were evaluated. Fish were therefore fed a diet contaminated with 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.94 or 9.4 μg E2/g food), as a positive control. After 8, 13, 17, and 41 weeks, sampling took place. Growth, liver somatic index (LSI), EROD activity, and vitellogenin content in blood plasma were measured along with morphological studies of gonads and chemical analyses to determine the effects caused by PCNs. Exposure to PCNs did not seem to have any effects on body weight gain, since the group fed the high dose followed the growth in the control group during the entirely experimental period. After 41 weeks of exposure the groups fed 2 and 10 μg PCN/g food had significantly lower LSIs compared with the control, indicating liver toxic effects of PCNs. Furthermore, a dose-dependent induction of EROD activity was found. At week 41, the control group had an activity of 4.9 ± 4.8 pmol/mg prot/min, whereas it was between 69 ± 21 and 720 ± 370 pmol/mg prot/min in the exposed groups, respectively. Examination of gonadal morphology showed that PCNs also had negative effects on ovaries in Baltic salmon, including delayed development. The distribution between females and males, gonadal morphology, and vitellogenin content in blood plasma did, however, indicate that PCNs are not capable of causing effects similar to E2 or xenoestrogens. Exposure to both of the concentrations of E2 resulted in decreased body weight gain, increased LSI, and feminization of the gonads. E2 did, however, not induce any EROD activity.
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| 47. |
- Adler, Niclas, et al.
(author)
-
- 1996
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)
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