| 1. |
- Norrman, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The development of supply chain risk management over time : revisiting Ericsson
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management. - 0960-0035. ; 50:6, s. 641-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This invited article explores current developments in supply chain risk management (SCRM) practices by revisiting the classical case of Ericsson (Norrman and Jansson, 2004) after 15 years, and updating its case description and analysis of its organizational structure, processes and tools for SCRM. Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory case study is conducted with a longitudinal focus, aiming to understand both proactive and reactive SCRM practices using a holistic perspective of a real-life example. Findings: The study demonstrates how Ericsson's SCRM practices have developed, indicating that improved functional capabilities are increasingly combined across silos and leveraged by formalized learning processes. Important enablers are IT capabilities, a fine-grained and cross-functional organization, and a focus on monitoring and compliance. Major developments in SCRM are often triggered by incidents, but also by requirements from external stakeholders and new corporate leaders actively focusing on SCRM and related activities. Research limitations/implications: Relevant areas for future research are proposed, thereby increasing the knowledge of how companies can develop SCRM practices and capabilities further. Practical implications: Being one of few in-depth holistic case studies of SCRM, decision-makers can learn about many practices and tools. Of special interest is the detailed description of how Ericsson reactively responded to the Fukushima incident (2011), and how it proactively engaged in monitoring and assessment activities. It is also exemplified how SCRM practices could continuously be developed to make them “stick” to the organization, even in stable times. Originality/value: This is one of the first case studies to delve deeper into the development of SCRM practices through taking a longitudinal approach.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution Channel Reengineering - Organisational Separation of Distribution and Sales Functions in the European Market
- 1998
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Ingår i: Transport Logistics. ; 1:4, s. 237-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the concept of distribution channel re-engineering stands for a restructuring of distribution activities where the physical distribution and sales functions are organizationally separated from each other. The objective of the re-engineering process is primarily to reach dramatic improvements in operational efficiency. Our study indicates improvements in the distribution process in terms of: (1) economies of scale; (2) specialization and increased expertise; and (3) coordination and control. Altogether, the competitive outcomes of distribution channel re-engineering can be dramatic improvements both in cost efficiency and customer services. Modern information technology is the necessary vehicle both for a successful organizational separation of functions, including an efficient coordination between functions, and at the same time a closer integration within each function. Distribution channel re-engineering is probably the most important key to a successful restructuring of distribution channels of standardized products on the European market. In a case study of a multinational tool manufacturer, the improvements in terms of decreased costs and increased customer services have been remarkable. Traditional distribution structures, building chains of warehouses from factories through central warehouses to national warehouses at the sales company level, have been replaced with distribution structures of centralized warehousing to one single distribution centre and also of centralized administration from sales companies to one single administrative centre covering the European market.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Agrell, Per J., et al.
(författare)
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Horizontal Carrier Coordination through Cooperative Governance Structures
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273. ; 194, s. 59-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how governance structures found in the trucking industry impact the coordination between a forwarder and its carriers, including three cases: no forwarder coordination (direct contracting with shippers), investor-owned coordination (price-only contract), and carrier-cooperative coordination (revenue-sharing contract). The carriers are engaged in a Cournot competition, where they decide upon service provision and truck investment. Economic theory predicts that integration of firms under oligopolistic competition always leads to a more efficient supply chain in the sense that prices decrease and quantities increase, which reduces total profits. This suggests that the benefit of avoiding double marginalization does not outweigh the benefit of upstream competition in the successive oligopoly case, whereas both integrated and independent firms coexist, the integrated chains do perform better. In this paper we examine the interaction between governance structures, a key decision when managing supply chains, including that found in the trucking industry, and shippers willingness to procure trucking services instead of producing them using a private fleet. We find that cooperative governance can contribute to improved service provision, reduced service price, improved consumer surplus, and improved profit for the carriers in equilibrium. We use parameter values based on the Swedish trucking industry and a larger grocery retailer acting as shipper to numerically illustrate the impact of different governance structures.
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| 5. |
- Agrell, Per J, et al.
(författare)
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Risk, information and incentives in telecom supply chains
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - 0925-5273. ; 90:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supply chain management involves the selection, coordination and motivation of independently operated suppliers. The central planner's perspective in operations management translates poorly to vertically separated chains, where suppliers recurrently seem to object to benevolent information sharing and centralized decision rights. Seen from the supplier's perspective, such resistance may very well be rational. A downstream assembly line disclosing reliable information on actual and forecasted sales puts itself at a disadvantage when bargaining on share of chain profits. In this paper, we use a minimal agency model to contrast known optimal mechanisms with the actual practice in the telecommunications industry. A three-stage supply chain under stochastic demand and varying coordination and information asymmetry is modeled. A two-period investment-production game addresses the information sharing and specific investment problem in the telecom industry. The observed price-quantity contracts under limited commitment are shown to be inadequate under realistic asymmetric information assumptions. More a result of gradually evolving changes in bargaining power than coordination efforts, the upstream urge to coordinate may further deteriorate performance in terms of our model. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlqvist, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Supply Chain Risk Governance: Towards a Conceptual Multi-Level Framework
- 2020
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Ingår i: Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. - : OSCM Forum. - 1979-3561 .- 2579-9363. ; 13:4, s. 382-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is currently putting high pressure on most countries’ critical infrastructures (not only health care), creating huge uncertainties in supply and demand, and disrupting global supply chains. The global crisis will demonstrate the extent to which different parties (countries, public authorities, private companies etc.) can work together and take holistic decisions in such situations. A core question in supply chain management asks how independent decision-makers at many levels can work together and how this joint work can be governed. Supply chain risk management (SCRM), however, has focused mostly on how focal private companies apply SCRM processes to identify, analyse and mitigate risk related to upstream and downstream flows in their supply networks. At the same time, interorganisational collaboration to handle diverse risks is always needed. A risk that hits one organisation often affects other, interconnected organisations. This study aims to develop the term supply chain risk governance with an associated conceptual framework that embraces various types of supply chains and actors. In a cross-disciplinary literature study, we dissect, compare and combine risk governance with interorganisational aspects of SCRM and find that the mechanisms suggested in the risk governance literature coincide with many of those in SCRM. We suggest a combination of these to govern risk processes at an inter-organisational level, regardless of the type of organisation included in the supply chain. This would be suitable for critical infrastructures that often contain a mixture of private and public actors. The scope of the literature employed is limited, and some articles have played a larger role in the framework development. The paper explores new territory through this cross-disciplinary study, extends existing multi-level frameworks with inter-organisational governance mechanisms and proposes new governance mechanisms to the field. This study could support the understanding of how critical infrastructures in our society are governed so as to increase their resilience to both smaller and larger disruptions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Risk When Outsourcing Advanced Logistics
- 2003
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Ingår i: ; , s. 377-391
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper describes and analyses both shipper’s and provider’s risk in outsourcing advanced logistics services. Also the risk management process (including risk analysis, risk assessment and risk management) of both companies are described and discussed. Conclusions are that risk management have been of increasing importance both during and after the outsourcing decision, and that both parties have developed their risk management processes and contingency plans due to the changed risk situation. Contracts play a vital role in risk management; but liability is an issue where there is a gap between the parties as well as in theory.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Outsourcing Advanced Logistics : A Shipper's and Provider's Perspective on Risks
- 2004
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Ingår i: Supply Chain Risk. - Aldershot : Ashgate Publishing Ltd. - 0754639029 - 9780754639022 ; , s. 160-174
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This collection, written by international scholars from the UK, US and Scandinavia, provides empirical case studies within services and manufacturing in both large and SME organizations. The findings represent a robust cross-disciplinary view of supply chains, articulating policies and strategies for organizations. This work provides the foundation for future research in this expanding area and the impact it has on managing risk within the supply chain
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Procurement of logistics services a minutes work or a multi-year project?
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management. - 0969-7012 .- 1873-6858. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the article is to describe and compare the purchasing process for advanced versus basic logistics services. Further some specific observations are presented from the procurement of advanced third-party logistics services, with respect to service definitions, providers evaluations and contracts. The purchasing process of logistics services will in the future need to be more differentiated due to current business trends. Hence companies must analyse how these new procurement situations will impact on their purchasing processes in order to understand what new resources, routines and competence they need to have in order to purchase logistics services in an effective way. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Management in Outsourced Logistics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annual NOFOMA Conference for Nordic Researchers in Logistics: Challenging Boundaries with Logistics.,2004. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. ; , s. 35-, s. 35-51
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Batwa, Abbas, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for exploring blockchain technology in supply chain management
- 2020
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Ingår i: Operations and Supply Chain Management. - 1979-3561. ; 13:3, s. 294-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to identify and explore different applications of blockchain technology in supply chain management and suggest a framework for their analysis. The study addresses researchers' conflicting opinions regarding the hype of blockchain and clarifies which minor applications are hyped and which are currently more applicable. That helps supply chain practitioners appraise the different applications of blockchains before it is too late to revise a decision regarding their use. The framework was developed based on a systematic literature review of blockchain-related articles, and it was examined with semi-structured interviews with four companies that applied the technology. Findings from the study suggested that traceability and supply chain finance seemed to be the most applicable applications of blockchain technology in supply chain management. But, light was also shed on other applications such as: compliance with standards, supply chain integration and digitalization of the transactions. This study was restricted by the availability of applied cases, as blockchain remains an emerging technology. Therefore, this study cannot be considered a case research, but a literature review followed by a limited number of interviews. However, the study resulted in a conceptual framework that forms the basis for further exploratory studies with more empirical data.
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| 17. |
- Batwa, Abbas, et al.
(författare)
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Blockchain Technology and Trust in Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review and Research Agenda
- 2021
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Ingår i: Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. - : OSCM Forum. - 1979-3561 .- 2579-9363. ; 14:2, s. 203-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Applying blockchain technology for information sharing in supply chain is driven by many factors, but developing trust is one of the most proposed. However, trust is a multidimensional, intangible concept without an agreed-upon definition. Whereas some argue that trust is the main driver of blockchain technology, others have found a negative relationship. This study focuses on how applying blockchain in supply chain management can influence trust and proposes a corresponding research agenda. Trust and blockchain technology discussions are scattered throughout the literature. Thus, a systematic literature review was performed based on a conceptual trust framework. This study discovered a gap in linking trust theories to blockchain technology applications especially in supply chain management, and provided insights into trust’s reciprocal nature. Current literature strongly expects trust as a consequence for blockchain adoption if considered in the technology. Simultaneously, trust in supply chain partners is strongly expected as an antecedent to blockchain because it requires openness in information sharing. Thus, propositions and agenda for future research are suggested. The research is limited to literature findings due to the immaturity and low scalability of blockchain technology adoption; however, the most reviewed articles in less than two years old, increase the results’ accuracy.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Berg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing performance of supply chain risk management programmes : A tentative approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management. - 1466-8297. ; 9:3, s. 288-310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This exploratory study provides initial directions about how risk management programmes could be assessed in a supply chain setting and discusses how such a measurement system could be designed. Measures are needed both for the management to evaluate the success of actions taken in supply chain risk management, as well as for the (supply chain) risk manager to communicate the value of his work. A number of indicators could show whether it is successful, for example, in reducing risk consequences, addressing the right risk sources and developing the right risk management processes. A central question within assessing risk management programmes is how to link risk management activities to outcomes. A tentative framework, based on a quality model, is proposed to assess the performance of supply chain risk management work. It highlights the importance of trying to capture both the capabilities of supply chain risk management and the results of the work.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Davarzani, Hoda, et al.
(författare)
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Contingent Management of Supply Chain Disruption: Effects of Dual or Triple Sourcing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scientia Iranica. - : Elsevier BV. - 1026-3098. ; 18:6, s. 1517-1528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies a single product setting in which a firm can source from multiple suppliers. One supplier has unreliable capacity while other suppliers are reliable but have lower product quality. The addressed context (where a case study has been made) is disruptions due to sanctions which cause failure in the supply from the unreliable source. The important question which emerges here is how the companies should use different strategies for single/dual/multiple sourcing to handle those potential disruptions. In this paper two possible strategies of dual and triple sourcing are addressed and compared, when the demand is sensitive to the price and level of supply risk. Dual sourcing provides the firm with the opportunity of rerouting (from a low quality supplier) after disruption. However, problems of monopoly rise after the disruption and the buying firm lose bargaining power. Whereas, in triple sourcing, the setup cost could be higher, but after the disruption there would still be competition between two suppliers and the price would not increase unreasonably. The main focus of current work is on defining the share of each supplier, and finding suitable sourcing policy (single, dual or triple) to apply for different probabilities of disruption. The proposed model is applied in decision making process of a studied supply chain in automotive industry.
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| 24. |
- Davarzani, Hoda, et al.
(författare)
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Dual versus Triple Sourcing: Decision-making in the Presence of Supply Chain Disruption
- 2010
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Ingår i: 16th international working seminar on production economics, Innsbruck, Austria, March 1-5, 2010. ; 1, s. 113-127
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For as long as there have been supply chains, there have been disruptions, and no supply chain, logistics system, or infrastructure network is immune to them. Nevertheless, supply-chain disruptions have only recently begun to receive significant attention from practitioners and researchers. Hence, different mitigation and contingency strategies have been addressed. But there is still an almost untouched problem when the disruption is rare but long. This paper studies a single product setting in which a firm can source from multiple suppliers. One supplier has unreliable capacity while other suppliers are reliable but have lower product quality. The addressed context (where a case study has been made) is disruptions due to sanctions which cause failure in the supply from the unreliable source. The important question which emerges here is how a buyer firm should use different strategies for single/dual/multiple sourcing to handle those potential disruptions. For this sort of event, there are normally some signals before the disruption occurs. Consequently, the perceived probability of disruption has a sharp increase in a period of time which helps managers to advise an appropriate plan to mitigate its effects. There are also some similar disruptions with previous signals, e.g. supplier bankruptcy. In this paper two possible strategies are addressed and compared as the combinations of mitigating and contingent plans, which are dual and triple sourcing; the former with lower setup cost but high probability of future problems due to risk of supplier monopoly and the latter with higher setup cost but price competition also after disruption. In this paper the firm operates an infinite horizon with complete lost order for unmet demand where there is not any volume constraint for suppliers. The main focus of current work is on defining the share to give each supplier, and define which sourcing policy (dual or triple) to apply for different probabilities of disruption to minimize the long-run average cost.
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| 25. |
- Davarzani, Hoda, et al.
(författare)
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Dual versus Triple Sourcing: Decision-Making under the Risk of Supply Disruption
- 2014
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Ingår i: WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics. - 1109-9526. ; 11:Art #52, s. 561-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies three different strategies of sourcing. The whole process of this research including the problem definition is exactly based on a real case condition. This paper model sourcing process of required parts and material for a product which is manufactured under the license of Peugeot Company, the mother manufacturer in France. Based on the agreement between Peugeot and the manufacturer in Iran, all the parts should be supplied from a certified suppliers of the mother company. This paper investigates a single product setting in which a firm can source from multiple suppliers. One supplier has unreliable capacity but it is the first choice of supply because of being in partnership with Peugeot and the opportunity for future cooperation, while other suppliers are reliable but with lower product quality and not in direct relation with Peugeot. The addressed context, in which a case study has been made, is disruption due to sanctions which cause failure in the sourcing from the unreliable supplier. The main focus of current work is on defining the share of each supplier, and finding suitable sourcing policy (single, dual or triple sourcing) to apply for different probabilities of disruption. The paper is concludes in sensitivity analysis of different parameters such as set-up cost, and reveals their impact on final suggested strategy of sourcing.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Davarzani, Hoda, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a relevant agenda for warehousing research: literature review and practitioners’ input
- 2015
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Ingår i: Logistics Reserach. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1865-0368 .- 1865-035X. ; 8:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of this research is to provide an agenda for future warehousing research relevant for both academic development and practitioners’ needs. In order to suggest a practically relevant future research agenda, first a comprehensive literature review was performed to identify research areas covered in the literature. Then, 15 warehouse managers and senior consultants were interviewed to add empirical input to the development of potential future research areas. The literature review reveals gaps, both methodology- and topic-wise. A considerable methodological imbalance is observed. Some of the highlighted managerial concerns have been investigated in the literature extensively, but the managerial concerns emphasized mostly do not belong to the most researched categories. While most of the practitioners’ concerns relate to supportive aspects of warehousing business, a relatively high number of the reviewed studies highlight operational problems. The suggested future research agenda highlights the importance of supportive aspects of the warehousing business, employment of real data in analysis and empirical research methods. The insights from practitioners stress the expected trends of business environment such as more volatile demand, higher desire for customized services and more expansion of e-commerce.
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| 28. |
- Ehn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical Investigation of Model Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in H2/H2O and CO/CO2 atmospheres using Nickel Pattern Electrodes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 157:11, s. B1588-B1596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, nickel pattern electrodes were electrochemically investigated in a three-electrode setup, operating both with H 2 / H 2 O and CO/ CO 2 atmospheres. Heating introduced structural differences in the nickel layer among the pattern electrodes, which appear to affect the electrode performance. Both dense and porous nickel pattern electrodes were formed by heating. Holes appeared in the nickel layer of the porous pattern electrodes, where the open cavity triple phase boundaries exhibited different limiting processes than open triple phase boundary electrodes of the dense electrode. As the temperature was raised in the experiment, the electrodes stabilized, with a degraded behavior that seemed to be strongly coupled to the structural changes in the electrode. It was possible to compare literature results with high temperature impedance measurements in H 2 / H 2 O presented here, while new results at lower temperatures in H 2 / H 2 O are also presented. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed, and the gas dependence of the polarization resistance was observed as the mixture ratios and temperatures were varied in both atmospheres. A positive relation between the polarization resistance and the partial pressure of CO was determined for the dense nickel pattern electrode, which agrees with previous results using nickel point electrodes. © 2010 The Electrochemical Society.
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| 29. |
- Ehn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical Investigation of Nickel Pattern Electrodes in H-2/H2O and CO/CO2 Atmospheres
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651. ; 157:11, s. 1588-1596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, nickel pattern electrodes were electrochemically investigated in a three-electrode setup, operating both with H-2/H2O and CO/CO2 atmospheres. Heating introduced structural differences in the nickel layer among the pattern electrodes, which appear to affect the electrode performance. Both dense and porous nickel pattern electrodes were formed by heating. Holes appeared in the nickel layer of the porous pattern electrodes, where the open cavity triple phase boundaries exhibited different limiting processes than open triple phase boundary electrodes of the dense electrode. As the temperature was raised in the experiment, the electrodes stabilized, with a degraded behavior that seemed to be strongly coupled to the structural changes in the electrode. It was possible to compare literature results with high temperature impedance measurements in H-2/H2O presented here, while new results at lower temperatures in H-2/H2O are also presented. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed, and the gas dependence of the polarization resistance was observed as the mixture ratios and temperatures were varied in both atmospheres. A positive relation between the polarization resistance and the partial pressure of CO was determined for the dense nickel pattern electrode, which agrees with previous results using nickel point electrodes. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3484091] All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Ekström, Thomas
(författare)
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Public Private Business Models for Defence Acquisition - A Multiple Case Study of Defence Acquisition Projects in the UK
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the ending of the Cold War, the defence sector, particularly the areas of military logistics and defence acquisition, has been undergoing a comprehensive transformation. There are several factors that explain this transformation: changes in defence and security policies for nations and organisations; reductions in defence expenditure; participation in Peace Support Operations; Lessons Learned from these operations, especially in the area of logistics; revolutionary development in the area of Information and Communication Technology; emergence of novel Commercial Best Practises in the areas of business and business logistics; and changes in the legislation regarding the conduct of public procurement in Europe. In military logistics, the relatively easily described static supply and support chains of the Cold War Era, designed for military units that stood in preparedness, Just-in-Case, of full-scale military conflicts in Europe, are now being substituted for flexible, dynamic operational supply and support chains, designed for military units that are deployed on Peace Support Operations around the globe. Hence, new types of missions have to be provided for. As a consequence, new military concepts have to be considered; new technology is being implemented; and new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money. In defence acquisition, the single Business Model of the Cold War Era, i.e. procurement of equipment, is being replaced by a spectrum of emerging Business Models, ranging from the traditional procurement of equipment, via acquisition of equipment and support, to acquisition of availability and capability, i.e. acquisition of performance. Consequently, new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; Commercial and Military-Off-The-Shelf products and services are being utilised; and Public Private Participation, Cooperation, and Partnerships are being investigated and initiated; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money, while simultaneously mitigating operational risk in the supply and support chains. This licentiate thesis reports on a research project that was commissioned by FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, and conducted in order to “study, analyse, and evaluate Business Models regarding how they can handle the new supply concept that a new logistical interface brings about, with a particular emphasis on the risk taking that is part of the business concept”. This research purpose was used to formulate three Research Questions: • Research Question 1: How can a generic Business Model for a non-profit, governmental, Defence Procurement Agency be described? • Research Question 2: Which strengths and weaknesses do different Business Models have in the context of defence acquisition? • Research Question 3: Which risks are associated with different Business Models in the context of defence acquisition? Using constructs from: Business Model theory, Public Private Participation theory, defence acquisition theory and practise, and military logistics theory and practise; a generic Public Private Business Model for defence acquisition was developed. The generic model consists of numerous variables, which enables an array of possible configurations. The model was used in a multiple case study to describe and analyse four defence acquisition projects in the UK. The multiple case study demonstrated that the generic Public Private Business Model is useful in order to describe defence acquisition projects. The model has also demonstrated that it is useful in order to analyse acquisition projects, including performance and risk. The Public Private Business Model has demonstrated its usefulness by discovering internal and external misalignments. The internal misalignments are Business Model configurations where the different building blocks are working against each other. The research has revealed examples where the mitigation of operational risk in the supply and support chains creates new risks in other building blocks. An external misalignment occurs when a Business Model configuration works against the deal for which it was designed, or the strategy that it is intended to realise. The research has revealed examples where there is a risk that the Business Model configuration is detrimental to the overarching strategy, e.g. transferring risk to the private sector or incentivising industry to enhance performance. Hence, the Public Private Business Model ought to be useful to identify and eradicate negative patterns and to identify and reinforce positive patterns. The research has revealed three potential generic problems for Performance Based Contracts: a “definition problem” (i.e. what to measure); a “measurement problem” (i.e. when, where and how to measure); and a “comparison problem” (i.e. with what to compare). The research results demonstrate that it must be made explicit which dimensions of performance; e.g. speed, quality, cost, flexibility and dependability; that should be measured, and why others should be omitted. The research suggests that performance must be explicitly specified for any Performance Based Contract in order to avoid any unnecessary problems with interpretations. Furthermore, the research indicates that performance metrics must be explicitly described. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of having an established baseline, against which to compare the measurements of Key Performance Indicators.
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| 31. |
- Eng Larsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Modal Shift for Greener Logistics - Exploring the Role of the Contract
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - 0960-0035. ; 44:10, s. 721-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This paper investigates contracts of the intermodal transport market and the incentives they create for a modal shift and thus the financial and environmental efficiency of freight transport. Design/methodology/approach The research used a mixed-methods approach where qualitative case interviews and quantitative modeling was combined. Two cases of contractual relationships between a service provider and its intermodal train operator on a specific lane were investigated. The case findings were then consolidated and used as input for a model of the contractual relation. Findings were sought through an extensive numerical study. Findings The cases reported that intermodal rail operators had a strong production focus, transferring the capacity risk (i.e. the risk of unused capacity) to the service provider, which the service providers argued limited the shift from truck to intermodal transportation. We show that, due to the market structure, it is rational for the operator to transfer the capacity risk but not the profit. Consequently, a modal shift is only likely to occur when there is strong shipper pressure or low capacity risk. We present a risk-sharing contract that could potentially release this dead lock. Research limitations/implications (if applicable) The conclusions are modelling outcomes subject to assumptions based on the cases. For further validation, large-scale quantitative studies are necessary. Practical Implications (if applicable) We show that a three-part tariff in which the capacity risk is shared may lead to increased modal shift and hence assumed improved environmental performance. Social implications (if applicable) Instead of arguing for operators to be more customer-focused, policy-makers and other stakeholders may have more to gain by having both actors being more cooperation-focused. Original/value The paper is the first attempt to quantify how the contractual relations on the freight transport market affect the modal mix and thus the financial and environmental efficiency of freight transport.
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual adaptation of omni-channel grocery retailers’ online fulfilment centres
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. - 0959-0552. ; 47:12, s. 1232-1250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how grocery retailers configure their online fulfilment centres (OFC) as they move towards an omni-channel structure and what contextual factors influence their decisions. Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory case study with three grocery retailers in the Nordic countries was conducted. The study investigates the current OFC configurations and identifies nine important contextual factors. Findings: This study shows the importance of understanding the changes that omni-channel retailing entails for an OFC configuration. Nine contextual factors were identified. Several of the factors are found in previous theory, but this paper extends the knowledge of how they affect the configuration of an OFC in grocery retail. The changes in, for example, order characteristics create different requirements for picking, packing, sorting and shipping when compared with traditional distribution centres (DC). Although representing a separate flow for online fulfilment, OFC configuration depends on how the other logistics flows from the DC to stores are designed. Research limitations/implications: To support further theory development, nine contextual factors and their relationship to OFC configurations are proposed. Practical implications: This study provides managerial value in two ways. First, grocery retailers with one or more OFCs can benchmark existing solutions using the empirical case descriptions. Second, the findings provide grocery retailers with knowledge of how to configure an OFC. Originality/value: The literature lacks a holistic approach towards how grocery retailers configure their OFCs and what factors affect these decisions. This study provides the first in-depth analysis of how the omni-channel context affects the configuration of all the aspects of an OFC.
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the transformation towards omnichannel logistics in grocery retail: a dynamic capabilities perspective
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. - 0959-0552. ; 50:8/9, s. 1095-1128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Omnichannel logistics is undergoing a significant transformation in grocery retail. Shedding light on this important but under-researched phenomenon, the purpose of this study is to investigate how grocery retailers transform and why some are more successful in transforming omnichannel logistics.Design/methodology/approach: Applying dynamic capabilities as a theoretical lens, a multiple case study is conducted with three grocery retailers at different stages of their transformation.Findings: Six microfoundations of dynamic capabilities were identified as critical for enabling omnichannel transformation. The study highlights important differences in dynamic capabilities, which can be attributed investment decision making, governance, and creating co-specialization. Finally, we propose seven proposition for contextualization of dynamic capabilities for the omnichannel transformation in grocery retail.Originality/value: This study is original by contextualizing microfoundations in grocery omnichannel retailing. It contributes to theory and practice by showing the value of dynamic capabilities, stressing the important interrelation between a retailer’s governance structure, its leadership, and the capability to make investment decision, increase logistics coordination, and co-specialize.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Gärtner, Nadine, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Ecosystem Services into Risk Assessments for Drinking Water Protection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Water (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441 .- 2073-4441. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water protection is a widely supported goal in society, but competing interests often complicate the implementation of water protection measures. Moreover, the benefits of protection efforts are typically underestimated as risk assessments focus on the provision of drinking water and neglect the additional services provided by a clean drinking water source. We developed a list of water system services (WSS) that allows assessment of all biotic and abiotic services provided by a drinking water source. The WSS were derived from the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES). The objectives of this paper are to (i) introduce the concept of WSS, (ii) describe a procedure on how to develop a region-specific list of WSS and present a list of WSS specifically tailored to Sweden, (iii) present how to integrate WSS into a risk assessment for drinking water, and (iv) illustrate a practical application on a Swedish case study. The results, presented as an assessment matrix, show the provided services and contrast the hazard sources with their impact on all services. The WSS assessment can be used to communicate and negotiate the extent of water protection measures with relevant stakeholders and illustrate synergies and trade-offs of protective measures beyond drinking water protection.
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| 38. |
- Hellström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Risk and gain sharing challenges in interorganisational implementation of RFID technology
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Procurement Management. - 1753-8440. ; 4:5, s. 513-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementing collaborative change initiatives in supply chains presents various challenges. This paper proposes a framework for identifying potential risk and gain sharing challenges in collaborative change initiatives, and uses the framework to explore risk and gain sharing in an interorganisational implementation of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The proposed framework is based on a review of prior research while the empirical investigation is based on case study research and involves three companies jointly implementing an RFID system. The empirical study shows that intra- and interorganisational risk and gain sharing is critical to implementing RFID technology across organisations, and illustrates various risks and gains for the supply chain organisations and how these are shared. To apply the framework in practice, a model is presented that provides managers with guidelines for identifying risk and gain sharing challenges in collaborative initiatives.
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| 39. |
- Hellström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Risk and gain sharing challenges in interorganisational implementation of RFID technology
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of this paper: This paper proposes a framework for identifying potential risk and gain sharing challenges related to implementing collaborative change initiatives in supply chains, and uses the framework to explore risk and gain sharing in implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical investigation, based on case study research, involves three companies jointly implementing an RFID system. The framework is based on a review of prior research. Findings: Implementing collaborative change initiatives in supply chains involves the sharing of technology, information and financial resources. The proposed framework provides a structured approach in order to identify and categorise potential risk and gain sharing challenges in implementing RFID technology. The empirical study shows that risk and gain sharing is critical to implementing RFID technology across organisations, and illustrates key issues and how these issues can be managed by organisations. Research limitations/implications: The research is qualitative, descriptive and explorative. The case study and context in which the framework is used need to be considered when generalising upon the findings. It is hoped future research could further develop the framework, both through conceptual critiques and through testing it against implementation practice. Practical implications: Interorganisational implementation of information and communication technology presents various challenges. This research addresses the challenge of risk and gain sharing, providing managers with experiences and insights into issues which need potentially to be considered. What is original/value of paper: The paper provides a synthesis of potential risk and gain sharing challenges and contributes particularly to research on RFID implementation but also more broadly to supply chain management research.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Henkow, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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SCM PRINCIPLES VS. LEGAL PRINCIPLES: CHALLENGES AND FRICTION
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 22nd Annual NOFOMA Conference. - 9788792471055 ; , s. 581-596
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of this paper: Logisticians propose changes to improve supply chains, and legal practitioners are doing likewise, but from a tax perspective. Proposals from one domain increasingly have an impact on the other due to e.g. globalisation – but cross-disciplinary knowledge often seems small. Our purpose is to facilitate interaction between the domains by increasing joint understanding of principles used in each domain, and to inquire into potential frictions and challenges. Design/methodology/approach: Management principles for efficient logistics/SCM and key principles governing the legal systems are first summarized both on a paradigmatic and action level. Illustrations from practice are presented. These have been obtained by a cross-functional team interviewing both logisticians and lawyers. Findings are based on cross-functional comparative analysis of principles and illustrations. Findings: Frictions between operational principles from each domain were found, with some principles harder to reconcile than others. There are also challenges between the two paradigms of logistics and law that influence the operational principles. Research limitations/implications (if applicable: Some implications are that the knowledge gap, challenges and frictions between the professions and domains, both in practice and academia, would benefit from more research. Examples are given of laws that contradict current logistics principles. Practical implications (if applicable): Although trivial, logisticians and lawyers need to cooperate better. We show on a fundamental level, with practical examples, kinds of challenges and frictions occurring. What is original/value of paper?: The cross-functional approach with law, and the discussion/comparison of principles.
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| 42. |
- Henkow, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Tax Aligned Global Supply Chains: Environmental Impact Illustrations, Legal Reflections and Crossfunctional Flow Charts
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - : Emerald. - 0960-0035. ; 41:9, s. 878-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both logisticians and tax lawyers design global supply chains – but based on different logics. If they do not align each other’s perspectives, problems might occur in different areas. The purposes of this paper are to 1) illustrate the impact the tax system could have on supply chain design, 2) reflect (from both perspectives) on how the rules function. 3) propose a common communication platform for supply chain issues and tax issues. Design / methodology / approach This interdisciplinary research is based on a systems approach, combining logistics system descriptions (based on interviews, workshops and company data) with legal analysis. Main principles of the tax system were applied to the system descriptions (the principle approach). Findings Logistics and tax systems interact. Issues of implementing drop shipment in different global contexts are shown. One issue is cross-border rerouting leading to unnecessary environmental impact. Hence interaction between the domains should be improved before starting to optimize global logistics or tax structures. A combined platform for mapping flow charts jointly is proposed. Practical implications: Practitioners from both domains acquire increased understanding of each other’s perspectives and a joint tool for flow mapping combining facts both sides need in their overall analysis. Logisticians will gain better insight into general fiscal principles. Societal implications: Societal inefficiencies due to extra cross-border transports instead of drop shipments were the result when the fiscal rules were applied in reality in certain contexts. This was probably not desired from the policy makers’ perspective, so it might lead to policy makers to better try to understand the combined impact of the domains. What is original/value of paper: The combination of the legal and logistics approach.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hulthén, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of Measuring Performance of the Sales and Operations Planning Process
- 2017
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Ingår i: Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. - 1979-3561. ; 10:1, s. 4-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to identify and structure challenges of measuring performance of the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process. A multiple case study methodology was applied. Qualitative data was collected via 22 structured interviews with managers from six case companies in various industries. A process oriented framework was proposed by structuring the challenges based on two key areas of process performance (effectiveness and efficiency) and different maturity levels of the process. A major challenge for all the cases, regardless of their maturity level, relates to defining of cross-functional trade-offs measures. Another major challenge was alignment of measures with business strategy and reward system. Additional common challenges for the different maturity levels were also found. While confirming some challenges from previous research, this study also finds new challenges, especially for more mature levels. Examples are standardization to support unbiased decision making, but also customization of measures for various organizational levels, and visualization of findings from the measurement to facilitate analysis. However, future research must validate and extend the results in other industries. The results offer challenges from a process oriented view and can serve as insights for managers when designing and implementing the S&OP process measures, or advancing from one maturity level to another. This research enhances understanding of the challenges to measure the S&OP process performance and adds to the S&OP literature and performance measurement literature.
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| 45. |
- Hulthén, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of Measuring the Sales and Operations Planning Process
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Operations and Supply Chain Management. - 1979-3561. ; 10:1, s. 4-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to identify and structure challenges of measuring performance of the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process. A multiple case study methodology was applied. Qualitative data was collected via 22 structured interviews with managers from six case companies in various industries. A process oriented framework was proposed by structuring the challenges based on two key areas of process performance (effectiveness and efficiency) and different maturity levels of the process. A major challenge for all the cases, regardless of their maturity level, relates to defining of cross-functional trade-offs measures. Another major challenge was alignment of measures with business strategy and reward system. Additional common challenges for the different maturity levels were also found. While confirming some challenges from previous research, this study also finds new challenges, especially for more mature levels. Examples are standardization to support unbiased decision making, but also customization of measures for various organizational levels, and visualization of findings from the measurement to facilitate analysis. However, future research must validate and extend the results in other industries. The results offer challenges from a process oriented view and can serve as insights for managers when designing and implementing the S&OP process measures, or advancing from one maturity level to another. This research enhances understanding of the challenges to measure the S&OP process performance and adds to the S&OP literature and performance measurement literature.
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| 46. |
- HULTHÉN, HANA, et al.
(författare)
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Framework for Measuring Performance of the Sales and Operations Planning Process
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - 0960-0035. ; 46:9, s. 809-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose is to develop a framework for measuring the S&OP process performance. Design/methodology/approach The method used is a multiple case study of five companies from different industries based on data from twelve structured interviews. Findings The main result is a framework to measure the S&OP process. It includes concrete suggestions for organizations when developing measures to increase effectiveness and efficiency of the process. It will also help organizations to standardize measures and to enhance organizational transparency. Our results include measures for every step of the process as well as for the outcome of the process. We highlight the importance of cross-functional measures along with measures that focus on how to conduct the process. The framework is founded on a set of criteria on appropriate measures such as comprehensiveness, internal process efficiency, horizontal and vertical integration, internal comparability, and usefulness. The study contributes to performance measurement literature and the S&OP literature. Research limitations/implications Validation of the framework is desirable in similar as well as other contexts. Implementation challenges should also be investigated. Practical implications The framework provides guidelines in order to measure, analyze and improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of the process. Originality/value This is the first framework for measuring the S&OP process that includes detailed measures for each step of the process, for the outcome of the process as well as how to conduct the process itself.
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| 47. |
- Hulthén, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Framework for Measuring the Performance of the Sales and Operations Planning Process : A Multiple-case study
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. - 0960-0035 .- 1758-664X. ; 46:9, s. 809-835
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose is to develop a framework for measuring the S&OP process performance.Design/methodology/approach - The method used is a multiple case study of five companies from different industries based on data from twelve structured interviews.Findings – The main result is a framework to measure the S&OP process. It includes concrete suggestions for organizations when developing measures to increase effectiveness and efficiency of the process. It will also help organizations to standardize measures and to enhance organizational transparency. Our results include measures for every step of the process as well as for the outcome of the process. We highlight the importance of cross-functional measures along with measures that focus on how to conduct the process. The framework is founded on a set of criteria on appropriate measures such as comprehensiveness, internal process efficiency, horizontal and vertical integration, internal comparability, and usefulness. The study contributes to performance measurement literature and the S&OP literature.Research limitations/ implications - Validation of the framework is desirable in similar as well as other contexts. Implementation challenges should also be investigated.Practical implications – The framework provides guidelines in order to measure, analyze and improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of the process.Originality/values - This is the first framework for measuring the S&OP process that includes detailed measures for each step of the process, for the outcome of the process as well as how to conduct the process itself.
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| 48. |
- Hulthén, Hana
(författare)
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On understanding of external and internal integration in supply chains : challenges and evaluation
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Benefits of implementing Supply Chain Integration (SCI) are acknowledged in existing integration literature. Integration extending beyond functional silos and firm boundaries is expected to provide value for customers in terms of higher quality, improved service level, and reduced costs.In addition, internal integration allows business functions to align around a single company goal. This type of integration promotes value creation while decreasing redundancies and costs.Yet, regardless of the significant advances in research and practice, many organizations still experience difficulties not only to integrate activities with supply chain partners, but they also struggle to integrate activities within an organization, for example, through implementation of a sales and operations planning (S&OP) process.To tackle these challenges, organizations may need to reconsider why and how they integrate both internally and externally. However, the previous integration research provides only limited guidelines for how to carry out such evaluations. Many organizations experience difficulties in addressing the complexity related to integration and evaluation of activities internally and with SC partners. The lack of concrete guidelines for evaluation of SCI in theory is seen as one of the reasons for the still sporadic examples of successful SCI in practice.Thus, the overall purpose of this research is to increase understanding of external and internal integration in supply chains. To address the purpose, three studies (1-3) have been conducted. The study 1 highlighted the current status and several SCI challenges in academic literature and in practice. One of the major challenges relates to the absence of a systematic comprehensive approach for evaluation of internal and external integration. To contribute to closing of this gap, study 2 was conducted to develop a context based framework for evaluation of external integration. Finally, the subsequent study 3 aimed to develop a framework for evaluation of the S&OP process.Concerning the SCI challenges, this research contributes to previous integration literature by confirming some existing challenges but also by identifying additional challenges. Related to challenges of external integration, a set of contextual factors are identified which were observed to challenge the establishment of an appropriate level of external integration with SC partners. As a result a misfit occurs between the contextual factors and applied level of external integration. Additionally, reasons for the misfits were identified and discussed.Associated with the challenges of S&OP process, this thesis adds to existing fragmented literature on the S&OP process evaluation challenges by synthesizing and extending the existing knowledge. A framework has been developed which is founded on two key areas of process performance – S&OP process effectiveness and efficiency, and on various maturity levels of the process. Although several challenges were found for each maturity level, some challenges were observed occurring across more levels.Moreover, in this research, a context based framework for evaluation of external integration is proposed. The framework extends the previous SCI frameworks. It is founded on contextual factors which were considered by the studied cases when integrating with their SC partners. Furthermore, the factors were observed to promote establishment of an appropriate level of external integration. Each level consists of identified external integration activities.The thesis further contributes to the S&OP performance research by addressing the lack of process oriented frameworks for evaluation of the process performance. The proposed framework of measuring the S&OP process performance considers the five major steps of the process and their outputs as well as the output of the entire process. To reflect the process performance measures, the framework structures and defines effectiveness and efficiency measures and their relation to the process performance. The framework also conforms to the majority of the criteria for designing of appropriate performance measures.Finally, the major results of the thesis are synthesized and a framework is suggested of external integration and its effect on S&OP process performance. The framework considers the identified contextual factors, appropriate levels of external integration, and the S&OP performance measures the integration can have effect on. The thesis also discusses, alongside with the theoretical contributions, how the developed frameworks can support managers in evaluating their supply chain integration practices. Additionally, several opportunities for future research are outlined.
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| 49. |
- Hunter, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying differences in alternative food network supply chain activities and their relationship with socio-economic outcomes
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. - 1559-2448. ; 25:1, s. 83-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternative food networks (AFNs) have the potential to enhance and redistribute value in favour of producers and consumers through novel ways of organizing supply chain activities. What is more, AFNs are often characterized by their ‘sustainability promise’ – or the idea that their networks foster social, ecological or environmental improvements over conventional food networks. Based on a purposive sample of 286 producers across five Swedish AFNs (i.e. community supported agriculture, REKO-rings, farmers’ markets, farm stores and food nodes), we explore how differences in how supply chain activities are managed and relate them to profitability, fair wages, cooperation, logistics efforts, happiness and future beliefs. Using a combination of correlation analysis, linear regression and means comparisons, we challenge the notion that AFNs achieve their sustainability promise or enhance value through novel combinations of supply chain activities. Our findings include several key differences in how supply chain management (SCM) activities are organized across AFNs and their variant importance for profitability. Moreover, we find significant differences in happiness across AFNs that are better explained through beliefs about the future than profitability or fair wages. By exploring happiness and profitability, we offer insights into why some AFN actors thrive despite poor economic returns.
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| 50. |
- Häkkinen, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Logistics integration in horizontal mergers and acquisitions
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Logistics Management. - : Emerald. - 0957-4093. ; 15:1, s. 27-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we describe the integration of logistics after Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) of firms within the same industry and, same industry level (i.e. horizontal M&As). First, we present a review of the literature on M&As and conclude that operational issues, in general, and logistics issues, in particular, have received little attention. In parallel with the literature review, we conducted an exploratory survey of Swedish and Finnish manufacturers that had accomplished horizontal M&As during 1995‐2001. The aim of the survey was to find out how management perceives the importance of logistics issues in M&As and also, how difficult it is to realize synergies in logistics. Finally, we present a framework for further studies and the analysis of the interrelationship between logistics and M&As.
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