| 1. |
- Andersson, Nadine, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic screening of children with suspected inherited bleeding disorders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 26:2, s. 314-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Genetic screening using high-throughput DNA sequencing has become a tool in diagnosing patients with suspected inherited bleeding disorders (IBD). However, its usefulness and diagnostic efficacy in children is unclear.AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of genetic screening for IBD in children and downstream further testing.METHODS: After informed consent, children (<18 years) with suspected IBD underwent genetic screening with 94 selected genes.RESULTS: A total of 68 heterozygous class 3-5 variants were detected in 30 children, 2.3 variants per patient. Directed specific functional testing was performed after genetic screening in a subset of patients. Adhering to the ACMG guidelines, the results of functional testing together with family history and previous publications classified three variants as likely disease causing (class 4) and two variants as disease causing (class 5), all in children with thrombocytopenia. The overall diagnostic rate was 16.7% (5/30). Children with thrombocytopenia had a significantly higher rate of significant genetic findings, 5/9 (55.6%) vs. 0/21 (0%; P = .0009).CONCLUSION: We conclude that performing genetic screening in children is an effective tool especially for children with inherited thrombocytopenia and has the possibility to diagnose platelet disorders adequately early in life. Children with bleeding diathesis, normal coagulation work-up and without thrombocytopenia are unlikely to be diagnosed by genetic screening. Ethical issues such as incidental findings, variants associated with cancer and the interpretation of the genetic results into clinical practice remain problematic.
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| 2. |
- Fager Ferrari, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A rare heterozygous variant in FGB (Fibrinogen Merivale) causing hypofibrinogenemia in a Swedish family
- 2020
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Ingår i: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. - 1473-5733. ; 31:7, s. 481-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibrinogen is essential for normal hemostasis. Congenital fibrinogen disorders (afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia and hypodysfibrinogenemia), caused by pathogenic variants in the genes FGA, FGB and FGG, have the potential of causing bleeding diathesis and/or thrombotic events of variable severity. We describe a case of familial hypofibrinogenemia in a Swedish family. The proband is a 27-year-old woman, with a history of significant bleeding diathesis. She was diagnosed with moderate hypofibrinogenemia (0.8 g/l), and genetic screening identified a rare heterozygous missense variant in FGB (c.854G>A, p.Arg285His) (Fibrinogen Merivale) previously described in a New Zealand European family with symptomatic hypofibrinogenemia. The father, sister and brother of the proband also harbored the FGB variant, segregating with hypofibrinogenemia (0.9-1.2 g/l). The proband showed a more severe bleeding phenotype compared with her other hypofibrinogenemic family members; this was attributed to a concomitant platelet dysfunction, also present in her normofibrinogenemic mother.
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| 3. |
- Fager Ferrari, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Germline heterozygous variants in genes associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a cause of increased bleeding
- 2018
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Ingår i: Platelets. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7104 .- 1369-1635. ; 29:1, s. 56-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is caused by biallelic variants in genes regulating granule secretion in cytotoxic lymphocytes. In FHL3–5, the affected genes UNC13D, STX11 and STXBP2 have further been shown to regulate the secretion of platelet granules, giving rise to compromised platelet function. Therefore, we aimed to investigate platelet degranulation in patients heterozygous for variants in UNC13D, STX11 and STXBP2. During the work-up of patients referred to the Coagulation Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden and the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark due to bleeding tendencies, 12 patients harboring heterozygous variants in UNC13D, STX11 or STXBP2 were identified using targeted whole exome sequencing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to assess the secretion of platelet dense granules following thrombin stimulation. Platelet degranulation, activation and aggregation were further assessed by flow cytometry (FC) and light transmission aggregometry (LTA) with lumi-aggregometry. In total, eight out of twelve (67%) patients showed impaired degranulation by at least one of the assays (TEM, FC and LTA). In the 12 patients, eight different heterozygous variants were identified. One variant was strongly associated with impaired degranulation, while four of the variants were associated with impaired granule secretion to a slightly lesser extent. One additional variant was found in six out of the twelve patients, and was associated with varying degrees of degranulation impairment. Accordingly, six out of the eight (75%) identified variants were associated with impaired platelet degranulation. Our results suggest that heterozygous variants in UNC13D, STX11 and STXBP2 are sufficient to cause platelet secretion defects resulting in increased bleeding.
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| 4. |
- Leinøe, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Application of whole-exome sequencing to direct the specific functional testing and diagnosis of rare inherited bleeding disorders in patients from the Öresund Region, Scandinavia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048. ; 179:2, s. 308-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rare inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) are a common cause of bleeding tendency. To ensure a correct diagnosis, specialized laboratory analyses are necessary. This study reports the results of an upfront diagnostic strategy using targeted whole exome sequencing. In total, 156 patients with a significant bleeding assessment tool score participated in the study, of which a third had thrombocytopenia. Eighty-seven genes specifically associated with genetic predisposition to bleeding were analysed by whole exome sequencing. Variants were classified according to the five-tier scheme. We identified 353 germline variants. Eight patients (5%) harboured a known pathogenic variant. Of the 345 previously unknown variants, computational analyses predicted 99 to be significant. Further filtration according to the Mendelian inheritance pattern, resulted in 59 variants being predicted to be clinically significant. Moreover, 34% (20/59) were assigned as novel class 4 or 5 variants upon targeted functional testing. A class 4 or 5 variant was identified in 30% of patients with thrombocytopenia (14/47) versus 11% of patients with a normal platelet count (12/109) (P < 0·01). An IBD diagnosis has a major clinical impact. The genetic investigations detailed here extricated our patients from a diagnostic conundrum, thus demonstrating that continuous optimization of the diagnostic work-up of IBD is of great benefit.
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| 5. |
- Björnsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Total nucleated cell differential for blood and bone marrow using a single tube in a five-color flow cytometer.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cytometry Part B - Clinical Cytometry. - : Wiley. - 1552-4949 .- 1552-4957. ; 74B, s. 91-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Flow cytometry allows the use of several antibodies in addition to light scatter, and most flow cytometers will provide at least seven measurements on each cell passing through the laser beam. A skilled microscopist will classify at least 14 cell classes in bone marrow or blood. Our goal was to use the seven parameters available in our flow cytometer to provide a reliable differential count using only one tube. METHODS:: Peripheral blood samples were analyzed on the Beckman Coulter LH750 cell counter, and the flagging and messages from the cell counter were used to select normal or pathological samples. Samples without flags (N = 50), with >2% erythroblasts (N = 80), or with "Blast" or "Verify diff" flags (N = 54) were investigated. We used a lyse-no-wash method to ensure minimal loss of fragile cells with live gating on DRAQ5-positive cells to acquire only nucleated cells. The FL-1 to FL-4 channels were used for the antibodies CD36-FITC, CD203-PE, CD138-PE, CD45-ECD, CD16-Pcy5, and CD56-Pcy5. FL-5 was used for the DNA-stain DRAQ5. RESULTS:: Using live gate acquisition on DRAQ5, we were able to classify total nucleated cells into 10 classes. We were unable to identify megakaryocytes, but platelets could be studied by rerunning the sample after dilution and gating on DRAQ5-negative CD36-posive events. Validation against digitized microscopy and cell counter showed linear correlations within each cell class with correlation coefficients that seem reasonable for cellular classification. The lowest correlation was found for basophil granulocytes. Flow cytometry detected twice as many immature neutrophils compared to microscopy. CONCLUSIONS:: We have designed a one-tube immunophenotyping panel for classification of total nucleated cells and platelets in blood or bone marrow. The seven parameters available in one single tube in our cytometer seem to be enough for reliable differential count even in difficult pathological samples. The analytical imprecision of the flow cytometer differential was much lower than that obtained with microscopy or cell counter differentials. (c) 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society.
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| 6. |
- Ahnström, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Activated protein C cofactor function of protein S: a novel role for a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residue
- 2011
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 117:24, s. 6685-6693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein S has an important anticoagulant function by acting as a cofactor for activated protein C (APC). We recently reported that the EGF1 domain residue Asp95 is critical for APC cofactor function. In the present study, we examined whether additional interaction sites within the Gla domain of protein S might contribute to its APC cofactor function. We examined 4 residues, composing the previously reported "Face1" (N33S/P35T/E36A/Y39V) variant, as single point substitutions. Of these protein S variants, protein S E36A was found to be almost completely inactive using calibrated automated thrombography. In factor Va inactivation assays, protein S E36A had 89% reduced cofactor activity compared with wild-type protein S and was almost completely inactive in factor VIIIa inactivation; phospholipid binding was, however, normal. Glu36 lies outside the omega-loop that mediates Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding. Using mass spectrometry, it was nevertheless confirmed that Glu36 is gamma-carboxylated. Our finding that Gla36 is important for APC cofactor function, but not for phospholipid binding, defines a novel function (other than Ca2+ coordination/phospholipid binding) for a Gla residue in vitamin K-dependent proteins. It also suggests that residues within the Gla and EGF1 domains of protein S act cooperatively for its APC cofactor function. (Blood. 2011;117(24):6685-6693)
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| 7. |
- Augustsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of factor VIII activity for monitoring standard and extended half-life products and correlation to thrombin generation assays
- 2021
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 27:3, s. 494-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Monitoring replacement therapy with standard and extended half-life (EHL) products is challenging, since one-stage assay (OSA) and chromogenic substrate assay (CSA) results may differ significantly. Recent recommendations include local validation of each new product with recovery within 20–30%, depending on activity level. Aim: To validate factor VIII (FVIII) activity for monitoring products in clinical use on Atellica Coag and to correlate it with thrombin generation. Methods: Plasma samples spiked with Advate®, Elocta®, Adynovi®, Nuwiq®, NovoEight® and Afstyla® (0.05, 0.20, 0.50 and 0.80 IU/ml) were analysed using Atellica Coag 360 with CSA-1 (Coatest SP) and CSA-2 (FVIII chromogenic), and OSA (Actin FS). Thrombin generation was performed using two thrombin generation assays (TGA-1 (Thrombinoscope) and TGA-2 (Technothrombin). Results: All products at levels above 0.05 IU/ml, except Adynovi, showed acceptable recovery using CSA-1, whereas measurements using CSA-2 gave more results outside the target level. All products, except Afstyla, showed acceptable recovery using OSA. Correlation between CSA-1 and OSA was excellent (r2=1.0) with biases of 6–32%, depending on FVIII product. A clear dose-response was seen for all thrombin generation parameters and products using both methods, except at low levels for lag time using TGA-1. With CSA-1 as an independent variable, the correlations to thrombin peak (measured with TGA-2) were good (r2 =.8–.9). Conclusion: Our data revealed good correlation and acceptable bias between CSA and OSA using our sets of reagents, methods and analyser in spiked samples. Thrombin generation gave good correlation to CSA-1 factor activity and is a possible complement to factor activity assays.
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| 8. |
- Björkholm, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Materials as Subject Content within Technology Education
- 2016
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Ingår i: PATT2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within technology education in compulsory school in Sweden, materials are part of the core contents. What kinds of materials, and which characteristics that should be highlighted is open to interpretation. The study includes three sub-studies: 1/ An analysis of classroom activities during two lessons about materials in primary school, 2/ A Delphi study (Osborne et al. 2003) with experts on materials to gather their thoughts about materials in elementary technology education, and 3/ A review of documents (syllabus, teachers’ handbooks). The purpose of this study is to put light on the field of materials as a content area by investigating what aspects of materials are highlighted in the three contexts. Two teaching sessions were video recorded. The data analysis focused on the objects of teachers and students. Results suggest that the teachers highlight different aspects; one teacher focused on naming the materials and describing what products they are used for, while the other emphasized the materials’ properties. Ten experts participated in the first round of the Delphi study. Their responses were coded reflexively and iteratively. Results indicate the following major categories of material-related subject content: groups of materials, properties, creation and refinement, use, development over time, environmental aspects, and modern materials. The syllabus states that young pupils should study materials that they can use (wood, cardboard). Later common materials (steel, concrete) are introduced and at the end of compulsory school modern materials. Materials’ properties and use in solving technical problems is studied, and their environmental effects. Preliminary results indicate that some content emerges in all three contexts: material usage, the material’s functional properties and origin of the material, production and processing.
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| 9. |
- Ek, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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WOBAMA : wood based materials and fuels
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. - 0576-9787. ; 48:9-10, s. 773-779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WOBAMA - Wood Based Materials and Fuels is a biorefinery oriented scientific research project supported by Wood Wisdom-Net Research Programme and ERA-NET Bioenergy. In this project, the wood based raw materials were converted to a range of value added products through unconventional techniques. So far, many demonstrators have been prepared, such as the dissolving pulps with high cellulose content, the regenerated cellulose films with high tenacity, the hydrophobic materials based on cellulose and birch bark suberin, as well as the adhesives based on polysaccharides.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Engström, Susanne, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A project about materials as subject content within technology education
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The proceedings of the XVII IOSTE Symposium released in journal ‘Conexão Ciência’. Conexão Ci. | Formiga/MG. - Brasilien. - 1980-7058. ; 12:2, s. 8-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within technology education in compulsory school in Sweden, materials are part of the core contents. What kinds of materials, and which characteristics that should be highlighted is open to interpretation. The study includes three sub-studies: 1/ An analysis of classroom activities during two lessons about materials in primary school, 2/ A Delphi study (Osborne et al. 2003) with experts on materials to gather their thoughts about materials in elementary technology education, and 3/ A review of text books. The purpose of this study is to put light on the field of materials as a content area by investigating what aspects of materials are highlighted in the three contexts. Two teaching sessions were video recorded. The data analysis focused on the content highlighted by teachers and students. Results suggest that the teachers and students highlight different aspects of materials. Nine experts participated in the first round of the Delphi study. All data were coded reflexively and iteratively. Results indicate the following major categories of material-related subject content: materials’ usage, groups of materials, properties, creation and refinement, environmental aspects, and modern materials. The themes identified in the study could be seen as limited and concretized set of content, and thereby a guiding tool for technology teachers.
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| 13. |
- Fioretos, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Kommunikation med stöd av tolk
- 2014
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Ingår i: Kommunikation med barn och unga i vården. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147114061 ; , s. 201-213
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Fioretos, Ingrid, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Tolkade möten : tolkningens betydelse för rättssäkerhet och integration
- 2020. - 2
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tolkade möten handlar om möten där tolk används mellan anställda inom olika verksamheter – såsom hälso- och sjukvård, skola och rättsväsende – och enskilda som inte talar svenska. Boken utgår från grundläggande frågor om vad tolkning i talade språk innebär. Den anger varför, när och hur man ska använda tolk. Den förklarar och diskuterar hur tolkade möten går till. Den analyserar hinder och möjligheter som finns i tolkanvändningens praktik. Denna andra upplaga är uppdaterad med förändringar som skett, bland annat i utbildningen av tolkar, inom lagstiftning och inom ny forskning på området. Tolkade möten vänder sig till studerande som i sin framtida yrkesutövning kommer att ha behov av att anlita tolk exempelvis lärare, poliser, vårdpersonal och personal inom socialt arbete. Boken är även användbar i samband med vidareutbildning av anställda och tolkar.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Frej, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of sphingosine 1-phosphate by validated LC-MS/MS method revealing strong correlation with apolipoprotein M in plasma but not in serum due to platelet activation during blood coagulation.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 407:28, s. 8533-8542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signalling sphingolipid affecting multiple cellular functions of vascular and immune systems. It circulates at submicromolar levels bound to HDL-associated apolipoprotein M (apoM) or to albumin. S1P in blood is mainly produced by platelets and erythrocytes, making blood sampling for S1P quantification delicate. Standardisation of sampling is thereby of great importance to obtain robust data. By optimising and characterising the extraction procedure and the LC-MS/MS analysis, we have developed and validated a highly specific and sensitive method for S1P quantification. Blood was collected from healthy individuals (n = 15) to evaluate the effects of differential blood sampling on S1P levels. To evaluate correlation between S1P and apoM in different types of plasma and serum, apoM was measured by ELISA. The method showed good accuracy and precision in the range of 0.011 to 0.9 μM with less than 0.07 % carryover. We found that the methanol precipitation used to extract S1P co-extracted apoM and several other HDL-proteins from plasma. The platelet-associated S1P was released during coagulation, thus increasing the S1P concentration to double in serum as compared to that in plasma. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that the platelet-released S1P was mainly bound to albumin. This explains why the strong correlation between S1P and apoM levels in plasma is lost upon the clotting process and hence not observed in serum. We have developed, characterised and validated an efficient, highly sensitive and specific method for the quantification of S1P in biological material.
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| 20. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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A project for making interpreters’ silent knowledge heard
- 2024. - 1
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Ingår i: Toward Inclusion and Social Justice in Institutional Translation and Interpreting. - New York : Routledge. - 9781032394763 - 9781003349914 ; , s. 130-152
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the Cultural dialogue via interpreters project, which seeks to utilize public service interpreters’ professional experiences as a valuable societal resource. These interpreters’ encounters within public services provide insights into operational dynamics, linguistic power imbalances, discrimination, and racism. While interpreters are not responsible for resolving these issues, their perspectives can contribute to transformative change through engagement with professionals, policymakers, and clients. Unfortunately, interpreters’ experiences often go unheard, as they are not seen as professional partners in inter-professional exchanges, and rarely consulted by the media or involved in public investigations. To address this, the project trained 12 interpreters to deliver lectures on their experiences and expertise to public service providers and migrants in Swedish language classes. The challenge was to make interpreters’ knowledge explicit and tangible while upholding their professional obligations and ethical codes. The lectures were developed collaboratively with representatives from Swedish interpreting institutions and the public service sector (including education, health care, and social services). This chapter outlines the pathway for interpreters giving lectures and analyzes the controversies arising from conflicting expectations between stakeholder groups, exploring the tension between intercultural mediation and protectionism. The results highlight the invaluable nature of public service interpreters’ unique expertise.
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| 21. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Att få vara den man är
- 2013
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Ingår i: Barndom och migration. - Umeå : Boréa Bokförlag. - 9789189140820 ; , s. 277-302
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Att få vara en person
- 2010
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Ingår i: I&M, Invandrare & minoriteter. - Norsborg : Stiftelsen invandrare & minoriteter. - 1404-6857. ; :5-6, s. 48-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 23. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Att tolka för barn : Tolkars erfarenhet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Barnbladet: Tidskrift för Sveriges Barnsjuksköterskor. - Västerås : SHSTF:s rikssektion för sjuksköterskor i öppen och sluten barnavård och barnsjukvård. - 0349-1994. ; 37:1, s. 18-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Barn och andra anhöriga som översätter och medlar inom socialtjänst och hälso-och sjukvård
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Tidigare forskning visar att behovet av professionella tolkar är svårt att tillgodose och att personal inom offentlig verksamhet därför många gånger får hitta andra lösningar. Socialstyrelsen har påtalat det olämpliga i att anhöriga används som tolkar i hälso- och sjukvård och socialtjänst, och tog initiativ till denna undersökning.För verksamheter inom socialtjänst handlar bristen på tillgång till tolkar om att inte kunna utföra ett rättssäkert arbete och tillgodose brukares rättigheter. Det handlar också om effektivitet och ekonomi vid handläggning/utredning och beslut, då kostnader minskar ju mindre felmarginalerna är i kommunikationen. För det tredje handlar det om brukaren (föräldern eller vännen till det barn eller vuxne som tolkar) som har rätt att ha insikt och att kunna påverka i sitt ärende.Inom sjukvården kan anhöriga som tolkar innebära missförstånd som allvarligt äventyrar patientsäkerheten så att patienten inte får rätt vård, eller missförstår syftet med behandling eller medicinering. Den anhörige är emotionellt engagerad i patienten och det medför en risk att inte allt i samtalet översätts. Dessutom är den anhöriges språkkunskaper inte beprövade och inte heller kunskaperna om medicinsk och juridisk terminologi eller vedertagna begrepp inom socialtjänsten.För barns del innebär det dessutom att de får information de inte borde få samt att de tilldelas ett vuxenansvar i familjen. Frågor om ansvar, lojalitet och makt blir viktiga här. Slutligen handlar det om samhället i stort och om vad som främjar en långsiktig integration för icke-svensktalande brukare och de barn och/eller vuxna som får tolka åt dem.Det saknas idag kunskap om i vilken omfattning barn och andra anhöriga används som tolkar i Sverige. För att stärka området har vi därför kartlagt och analyserat hur professionella hanterar kommunikationen med patienter som har svårt att göra sig förstådda och ta till sig information på svenska.
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| 25. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Behind closed doors : The significance of interpreting for guaranteeing legal security and integration
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The right to interpretation service in Sweden is currently regulated under the Code of Judicial Procedure, the Administrative Procedures Act, and the State Officials Act.Interpreter service in courts is a right according to the Code of Judicial Procedure. The State Officials Act regulates administrative authorities and states that a public authority should use an interpreter ‘when needed’. This formulation does not imply a right as in the Code of Judicial Procedure as “when needed” gives the right to decide whether an interpreter is called in or not, to the public service provider.In this paper our starting point is the fieldwork done within a research project called Behind closed doors – The significance of community interpreting for guaranteeing legal security and for integration; with special focus on the reception of unaccompanied children and the processing of their asylum cases. As the title of this project suggests it is the act of community interpreting that is our main research object but with the special purpose to study community interpreting within the field of reception and processing of asylum cases of separated children.The interpreter is involved in many different areas and meetings - with the Migration Board, the health system, at school, in dialogue with social workers, the legal guardian etc. We will describe and analyze the everyday handlings, routines and norms within the reception of separated children and the processing of their asylum cases through the eye of the interpreter. We will also problematize the impact of community interpreting from the perspective of separated children, as individuals depending on interpretation to be able to communicate and to obtain rights (legal and human, specified in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child).
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| 26. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Between empowerment and powerlessness : Separated minors in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 1520-3247 .- 1534-8687. ; 2012:136, s. 65-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes the migration experiences of thirteen separated minors who arrived in Sweden between 1943 and 2008. Using the framework of "dislocation" and the "liberated self," this chapter shows that the experiences of separated minors are shaped in the intersection between contexts and conditions of transnational migration and the Swedish reception system. Their efforts to continue living based on the past and building a new life during a period of transition between different countries and between childhood and adulthood can be described as "a life on hold." The paradox that migration serves simultaneously to empower and render children powerless is discussed.
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| 27. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Community Interpreter Training in Spoken Languages in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Interpreter Education. - San Diego, CA : Conference of Interpreter Trainers. - 2150-5772. ; 4:2, s. 24-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyze the community interpreter training program in Sweden and, based on the results of two research projects, describe structural conditions and shortcomings. The authors discuss Sweden’s laws and regulations, the changing demand for interpreting service in society, the open access ideology within adult education associations, and the limitation of economic resources for fulfilling the demand for trained interpreters. Interpreter training in Sweden is built on public-service needs in the areas of social insurance, the labor market, health care, and court interpreting. It is focused on factual knowledge and terminology and devotes little time for developing aspects of ethical rules, the role of the interpreter, and technical issues. In order to make progress possible it is important to use existing research and theory to develop didactics for community interpreting training. © The authors and CIT
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| 28. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Educational programs for interpreters
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Interpreter training in Sweden started in the late 60-ties by local immigrant services bureaus. It developed over time. The principal responsibility for interpreter and translator training, financed by the state, lies within the mandate of the Institute for Interpretation and Translation Studies (TÖI), at Stockholm University. The Institute also has the overall responsibility to develop uniform education and certification of interpreters and translators in Sweden. Basic training is delivered by four folk high schools and three adult educational associations. Since 2006 the state financed basic training is either provided as distance tuition over two years or evening classes over one year. The curriculum contains courses in the following fields: social services, medical care, the labor market, workplace and legal matters. Each course has lectures about the field, such as legal regulations, organization and structures. Each course also deals with language and interpreting training, techniques and ethics. State supervised basic training has taken place in more than 100 languages. The paper will analyze the result so far of the system that was initiated in 2006. We will describe the curriculum for the basic training: values, ethics, praxis, form, content and examination. After that we will analyze three different problem areas: 1. Issues like genus, sexual orientation, racism and other issues about fundamental values which sometimes are mainstreamed but often enough not. 2. Challenges related to the selection of languages for training. It is sometimes difficult to keep up with the very quick changes of interpreting needs that are caused by global events out of Swedish control. As we will see the agencies find all sorts of ways to meet the needs in cases where no trained community interpreters are available. 3. The theoretical and methodological framework of teaching community interpreting; the didactics of community interpreting.
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| 29. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Interpreters in Sweden : A tool for Equal Rights?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gramma. Journal of Theory and Criticism. - Thessaloniki : Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. - 1106-1170 .- 2529-1793. ; 19, s. 59-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 30. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Language interpreting and brokering in Swedish public service institutions: the use of children for multilingual communication
- 2019
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Ingår i: Revista de Llenguia i Dret, Journal of language and law. - Spain : Ecola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya. - 0212-5056 .- 2013-1453. ; 71, s. 13-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to investigate experiences and consequences of using children as language brokers in Swedish public services. First, the two concepts of brokering and interpreting are discussed and compared. Then data obtained from quantitative and qualitative methods, including two online surveys with respondents in health care and social services, and seven group interviews that also include persons with experience of language brokering as children, are analysed and discussed. A main result is that there are discrepancies between how public service staff describe their experiences of using children as interpreters and how children describe their situation. The former assert that the use of children takes place irregularly, seldom, and only in critical situations or simple assignments. In contrast, interviewees with experiences of language brokering as children declare that they interpreted regularly, every day, and in all kinds of situations. They testify that they were neither asked for consent nor was their presence questioned. Although contradictory, both perspectives are relevant and describe the reality of those who participated in the surveys and group interviews. The discrepancy can be explained by the fact that parents and relatives of the brokering children often have encounters with different public service institutions several times a week. If all of them in their practice legitimize the use of children at simple, acute, or single occasions, it ends up as full-time work from the perspective of the child. The discussion further focuses on the consequences for patients and service users in terms of legal certainty and discrimination.
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| 31. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Separated Minors in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: THE BOOK OF PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS. - 9789171040916
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children and minors are increasingly becoming a recognized part of international migration. This circumstance raises many questions about the reception of migrating minors in different national contexts. This paper focuses on separated minors in Sweden.The paper is based on the following research project: Behind closed doors – the significance of interpreting to legal rights and integration with a focus on the reception of separated children and young people. The fieldwork contains several observations and around 60 in-depth or autobiographical interviews with social workers, separated children, interpreters, staff at residences, guardians, nurses, teachers, and staff at the Migration Board. Since October 2009, we also work with a reference group including three adults who came as separated children.In this paper, we analyze the following questions: What happens with the personal life story under the asylum process and within the reception of the new country? In what way can the children’s and youth’s personal biographical stories come forward? Is the child or youth seen and heard? If so, by whom, when and why?Our purpose is to discuss the concept of separated children and describe the contemporary situation of the reception in Sweden. By using fragments from three young individual’s life-stories, we will analyze the circumstances of being a part of asylum process and reception with a special focus on recognition and identity.
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| 32. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Social work in a multilingual world
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 13:4, s. 501-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Social work in a multilingual world : editorial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 13:4, s. 501-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Social workers as targets for integration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 13:4, s. 550-562
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to write against normative discourses and interpretations of 'integration' by nominating social workers and social work as the main subject of 'integration' and find ways to overcome exclusionary and discriminating social work practices. To do that, we use material collected when observing public service interpreters giving lectures to social workers about their experiences from encounters in social work settings. In a critical analysis, we found two 'integration' problems, that is, certain problems that social workers have in making themselves accessible and where they risk reinforcing exclusion and discrimination. One problem is 'the failure of handling perceptions that social services take children'. The other is 'the failures of (re)producing bureaucratically driven social assistance'. These problems might lead to exclusionary practices towards migrant families, often with disastrous outcomes. The analysis shows that these problems appear due to social workers' lack of institutional self-awareness, language competencies, and emphatic ability. To overcome these shortcomings, the interpreters emphasized the impact of encounters that social workers were already involved in during their everyday work. The interpreters recognize that social services are unknown to most families who are newly arrived in Sweden and point out the importance of making more efforts to be clear, rephrasing questions, explaining, avoiding abbreviations, and becoming proactive in dialogue outside of the offices, i.e. recognizing that social work is language work.
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| 35. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The community interpreter, a cultural broker : The role of the interpreter and the issue of representation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “It was a family in a situation where social authorities had taken their children into care. I was interpreting for them four or five times. It was a clear case of cultural clashes. In their country of origin there are no social authorities and the parents did not at all understand how serious the situation was. The man was a heavy drinker and the woman was offered a choice, to stay with her husband and lose her children or to leave her husband and keep the children. It was immensely difficult to interpret. And it is very important to keep in mind that I am interpreting for both the couple and the public officer.”In many cases it is very difficult to meet the expectations from the persons you are interpreting for. The couple in the example did not have an understanding of the Swedish public officer’s way of thinking and vice versa. The expectations projected on the community interpreter were also totally different. The interpreter moves from different perceptions of “normality” and is expected to facilitate communication between these understandings of the situation at hand. In our paper we will analyze different sociocultural expectations and realities the interpreter has to handle and what it means to understand the significance of perceived normality when performing an interpretation. The analysis is based on 50 interviews with community interpreters and a two year long fieldwork among interpreters in Sweden. Theoretically we will discuss the role of the community interpreter (one job or many?) and the issue of representation by using the academic discussion about self- reflection.
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| 36. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The interpreter : a cultural broker?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Interpreting in a changing landscape. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027224606 ; , s. 187-202
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 37. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The right to an interpreter : A guarantee of legal certainty and equal access to public services in Sweden?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Just. Journal of Language Rights & Minorities, Revista de Drets Lingüístics i Minories. - Spain : Universitat de Valencia. - 2952-2307. ; 1:1-2, s. 165-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, the Administrative Procedure Act regulates authorities’ obligation to use interpreters if needed in contact with persons who do not speak Swedish, with impaired hearing, sight, or speech. Hiring an interpreter is stated as a guarantee of transparency, participation, and legal certainty. The article aims to investigate these language duties and rights from the perspective of non-Swedish speaking clients. Guiding theoretical concepts are formal and substantive legal certainty as a primary condition protecting the client as a rights holder. Three main themes were found in an analysis of migrants’ narratives about interpreting experiences: mistrust in interpreting services, self-regulated minimization of language rights, and absence of professional interpreting and translation services. These factors may be compounded and lead to situations in which clients decline the use of interpreting services. Based on the clause “if needed” in the law, it might be legitimate to acknowledge such wishes and skip interpreting services. Yet, this means that public services undermine the client’s position as a rights holder, formal and legal certainty, as well as their own possibilities to fulfill their duties.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, Associate Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards critical intercultural training for public service interpreters
- 2022
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Ingår i: Interculturality in Higher Education. - London : Routledge. - 9781003322702 - 9781032345390
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter investigates ways towards a tertiary critical intercultural course for public service interpreters. The course will be designed to train public service interpreters to lecture and communicate about real-life situations that they have experienced during interpreted encounters. The main topic in this chapter is to present and discuss a theoretical framework based on significant critical cultural and philosophical perspectives on enlarged thought that can support the interpreters in their lectures. The theoretical framework is tested on empirical material consisting of two situations narrated by public service interpreters in lectures for public service providers and clients, migrants, and refugees, attending Swedish language classes. The main conclusions are that the interpreter’s experiences and narratives of real-life situations allow the participants to visit situations that are often familiar but presented from the interpreter’s perspective. These real-life situations are therefore well situated to enhance enlarged thought, which we have identified as a capacity that may lead to better understanding, moral reciprocity, and responsible judgement, and therefore facilitating the long-term goal of these lectures, which is to improve conditions for legally secure, equal, and fair encounters between public service professionals and non-majority-language-speaking clients. Lecturing about real-life situations entails difficulties, though. One such difficulty is the risk of reproducing essentialist ways of explaining culture, thus confirming prejudice and discriminatory practices. One core issue of this intercultural training would be to move from emic interpretations of culture to etic critical interpretations in line with how the concept of culture is critically defined in theory.Previous Chapter Next ChapterYou do not have access to this content currently. Please click 'Get Access' button to see if you or your institution have access to this content.
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| 40. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Working conditions of interpreters and the responsibility of the government
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The right to interpretation service in Sweden is regulated under the Code of Judicial Procedure, the Administrative Procedures Act, and the State Officials Act. There aredifferent tools for fulfilling the responsibilities of the state, such as state funded educationand provision of authorization. In one crucial area, however, the State has no tools forcontrol and regulation of quality, namely within the labor market were communityinterpreters operate. The majority of interpreters are not employed, only registered withone or more agency. All appointments are made through an agency.Public service providers are obliged to respect the Public Procurement Act. Thus there is acompetition for contracts with agencies and not with interpreters. According to criticalvoices, this has undermined the possibilities for interpreters to have influence on theirlabor legislative situation. As there is no state supervision, except for the authorizedinterpreters, and no supervision of agencies it is impossible to make an accurateestimation of quality. We know, however, that there is divergence between agencies carefor interpreters. Some agencies pay for education, authorization, coaching andprofessional support while other agencies do nothing of the sort.Our empirical material is based on more than 100 interviews with community interpreters,educators, agencies, users etc., and fieldwork within all areas of community interpreting.Our paper deals with such rights of community interpreters as education, proper paymentand security. It deals with the question of professionalism, how the existing structuralframe undermines the ambition of interpreters to continue developing their professionalskills. It is a right for both the public service officer and the immigrant who cannot speak Swedish to have access to a skilled interpreter. The paper will consequently deal with theresponsibilities of the state in relation to above mentioned issues.
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| 41. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Working with combined methods
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are involved in two interlinked projects, “The community interpreter – a cultural broker”and “Behind closed doors – The significance of community interpreting for guaranteeing legal security and for integration; with special focus on the reception of unaccompanied children and the processing of their asylum cases” The main purpose is to analyze the position of community interpreters as cultural brokers since they are involved in interpreted meetings and communication between professionals and clients/patients. Through the eye of the community interpreter we will especially describe and analyze the reception of separated children and the handling of their asylum case. We combine a series of methods in our work. A short description of the methods: We have done more than 160 in depth and open interviews with actors from the whole of the interpreting field: Community interpreters, agencies, public service officers, refugees, clients, patients, educators... During two years we have continuously done observations in the publicly run homes where separated children are received, in agencies, at courts, in health care centers, and we have participated in a two year long basic training for interpreters as well as in coursed for further education. Furthermore we have established,and are working closely with, five different thematic groups of experienced people, interpreters, individuals who arrived in Sweden as separated children, educators, public officials and agencies. We hold seminars where our findings are continuously discussed. Our research is anchored in formal cooperation between the University in Lund, two educators (one folk high school and one educational association) and one agency. In our paper we will describe and analyze the use of these methods and evaluate the benefits and costs of the way of gaining knowledge that we have developed.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Ivarsson, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Childhood Celiac Disease and Changes in Infant Feeding
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 131:3, s. E687-E694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Between 1984 and 1996, Sweden experienced an "epidemic" of clinical celiac disease in children andlt;2 years of age, attributed partly to changes in infant feeding. Whether infant feeding affects disease occurrence and/or the clinical presentation remains unknown. We investigated and compared the total prevalence of celiac disease in 2 birth cohorts of 12-year-olds and related the findings to each cohorts ascertained infant feeding. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS: A 2-phase cross-sectional screening study was performed in which 13 279 children from 2 birth cohorts participated: children born during the epidemic (1993) and children born after the epidemic (1997). Previously diagnosed cases were reported and confirmed. Blood samples were analyzed for serological markers and children with positive values were referred for small intestinal biopsy. Infant feeding practices in the cohorts were ascertained via questionnaires. Prevalence comparisons were expressed as prevalence ratios. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS: The total prevalence of celiac disease was 29 in 1000 and 22 in 1000 for the 1993 and 1997 cohorts, respectively. Children born in 1997 had a significantly lower risk of having celiac disease compared with those born in 1993 (prevalence ratio: 0.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.93; P = .01). The cohorts differed in infant feeding (specifically, in the proportion of infants introduced to dietary gluten in small amounts during ongoing breastfeeding). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS: A significantly reduced prevalence of celiac disease in 12-year-olds indicates an option for disease prevention. Our findings suggest that the present infant feeding recommendation to gradually introduce gluten-containing foods from 4 months of age, preferably during ongoing breastfeeding, is favorable. Pediatrics 2013;131:e687-e694
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Kaj, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2009. Subreport 2. Dechlorane Plus
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A screening study has been performed concerning Dechlorane Plus (DP). DP is a chlorinated flame retardant that has been used for a long time but has not been noticed as an environmental contaminant until recently. The main reason for its concern is its similarity to other known chloro organic chemicals with adverse effects to the environment. DP was present in air at background locations (Råö, Aspvreten, Pallas) and in higher concentrations in urban air (Stockholm). This supports that DP is capable of long range transport and, as no traditional point sources are known, supposedly emitted from products used in urban areas, such as plastics in electrical insulators. DP was also deposited from the atmosphere. The concentration in air was in the same magnitude as for the brominated diphenyl ether congeners BDE-47 and BDE-99.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Koul, Sasha, et al.
(författare)
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A pharmacodynamic comparison of 5 anti-platelet protocols in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI.
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite advances in anti-platelet treatments, there still exists an early increase in both ischemic as well as bleeding events following primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Platelet inhibition data of different anti-platelet treatments in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction might offer some insight into these problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic profile of 5 different anti-platelet treatments in the acute phase of STEMI in patients undergoing primary PCI.
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| 49. |
- Leffler, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Annexin-II, DNA and histones serve as Factor H ligands on the surface of apoptotic cells.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 285:6, s. 3766-3776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apoptotic cells are opsonized by complement components such as C1q and C3b, which increases their susceptibility to phagocytosis. Soluble complement inhibitors such as factor H (fH)b also recognise apoptotic cells to minimize the pro-inflammatory effects of downstream complement activation. We used four radiolabelled protein constructs that span different regions of the 20 CCP modules that make up fH, and found that fragments comprising CCPs 6-8, CCPs 8-15 and CCPs 19-20 but not CCPs 1-4, bound to apoptotic Jurkat T-cells. There are four possible ligand types on apoptotic cells that could recruit fH: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and DNA. We found that CCPs 6-8 of fH bind to annexin-II, a trypsin-insensitive protein that becomes exposed on surfaces of apoptotic cells. The second ligand of fH, which interacts with CCPs 6-8 and 19-20, is DNA. Confocal microscopy showed co-localisation of fH with antibodies specific for DNA. FH also binds to histones devoid of DNA and CCPs 1-4, 6-8 and 8-15 mediate this interaction. Treatment of apoptotic cells with neuraminidase, chondroitinase, heparitinase and heparinase did not change fH-binding. Treatment of apoptotic cells with phospholipase A2 dramatically increased both binding of fH and cell-surface DNA. We also excluded the possibility that fH interacts with lysophospholipids using surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry with lipid-coated beads. Identification of annexin-II as one of the fH ligands on apoptotic cells together with the fact that autoantibodies against annexin-II are found in systemic lupus erythematosus provides further insight into understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease.
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| 50. |
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