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| 2. |
- Vigh-Larsen, J. F., et al.
(författare)
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Muscle Metabolism and Fatigue during Simulated Ice Hockey Match-Play in Elite Players
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medicine and science in sports and exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 52:10, s. 2162-2171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The present study investigated muscle metabolism and fatigue during simulated elite male ice hockey match-play. Methods: Thirty U20 male national team players completed an experimental game comprising three periods of 8 x 1-min shifts separated by 2-min recovery intervals. Two vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained either during the game (n= 7) or pregame and postgame (n= 6). Venous blood samples were drawn pregame and at the end of the first and last periods (n= 14). Activity pattern and physiological responses were continuously monitored using local positioning system and heart rate recordings. Further, repeated-sprint ability was tested pregame and after each period. Results Total distance covered was 5980 +/- 199 m with almost half the distance covered at high skating speeds (>17 km.h(-1)). Average and peak on-ice heart rate was 84% +/- 2% and 97% +/- 2% of maximum heart rate, respectively. Muscle lactate increased (P <= 0.05) more than fivefold and threefold, whereas muscle pH decreased (P <= 0.05) from 7.31 +/- 0.04 pregame to 6.99 +/- 0.07 and 7.13 +/- 0.11 during the first and last periods, respectively. Muscle glycogen decreased by 53% postgame (P <= 0.05) with similar to 65% of fast- and slow-twitch fibers depleted of glycogen. Blood lactate increased sixfold (P <= 0.05), whereas plasma free fatty acid levels increased 1.5-fold and threefold (P <= 0.05) after the first and last periods. Repeated-sprint ability was impaired (similar to 3%;P <= 0.05) postgame concomitant with a similar to 10% decrease in the number of accelerations and decelerations during the second and last periods (P <= 0.05). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a simulated ice hockey match-play scenario encompasses a high on-ice heart rate response and glycolytic loading resulting in a marked degradation of muscle glycogen, particularly in specific sub-groups of fibers. This may be of importance both for fatigue in the final stages of a game and for subsequent recovery.
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| 4. |
- Allesøe, Rosa Lundbye, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of drug–omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Nature. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 41:3, s. 399-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of multiple omics technologies in biomedical cohorts has the potential to reveal patient-level disease characteristics and individualized response to treatment. However, the scale and heterogeneous nature of multi-modal data makes integration and inference a non-trivial task. We developed a deep-learning-based framework, multi-omics variational autoencoders (MOVE), to integrate such data and applied it to a cohort of 789 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with deep multi-omics phenotyping from the DIRECT consortium. Using in silico perturbations, we identified drug–omics associations across the multi-modal datasets for the 20 most prevalent drugs given to people with type 2 diabetes with substantially higher sensitivity than univariate statistical tests. From these, we among others, identified novel associations between metformin and the gut microbiota as well as opposite molecular responses for the two statins, simvastatin and atorvastatin. We used the associations to quantify drug–drug similarities, assess the degree of polypharmacy and conclude that drug effects are distributed across the multi-omics modalities.
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| 6. |
- Berg, M, et al.
(författare)
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A compact range telescope for K+ measurements
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - 0168-9002. ; 381:2-3, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present range telescopes for measurements of low energy K+ mesons together with first in-beam results. The hardware trigger, based on the observation of the mu(+) from the K+ --> mu(-) + nu(mu) decay channel, is designed for subthreshold hadron-nucleus
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| 7. |
- Blomstrand, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on brain exchange of amino acids during sustained exercise in human subjects.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 185:3, s. 203-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study investigated the effect of prolonged exercise with and without carbohydrate intake on the brain exchange of amino acids, especially focussing on tryptophan and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). METHODS: Five male subjects exercised for 3 h on a cycle ergometer at 200 +/- 7 W on two occasions; either supplemented with a 6% carbohydrate solution or with flavoured water (placebo). Catheters were inserted into the right internal jugular vein and the radial artery of the non-dominant arm. The brain exchange of amino acids during exercise was calculated from the arterial-jugular venous concentration difference multiplied by plasma flow. RESULTS: About 106 micromol (22 mg) of tryptophan was taken up by the brain during exercise in the placebo trial, whereas no significant uptake was observed in the carbohydrate trial. In accordance, the arterial concentration of free tryptophan increased from 12 +/- 1 to 20 +/- 2 micromol L(-1) during the placebo trial and was significantly higher compared with the glucose trial (14 +/- 1 micromol L(-1) at the end of exercise). Also, the arterial concentration of total tryptophan (free and albumin-bound) increased during the first 30 min of exercise in both trials, but returned to the basal level at 180 min of exercise. In both trials, BCAA were taken up by the brain while glutamine was released. CONCLUSION: The present data show that both tryptophan and BCAA are taken up by the brain during prolonged exercise, and we suggest that the cerebral uptake of tryptophan may relate to increased synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain.
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| 10. |
- Folkerts, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Predicted and user perceived heat strain using the ClimApp mobile tool for individualized alert and advice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0963. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal models and indices integrated into a mobile application could provide relevant information regarding thermal stress and strain to the general public. The aim of the current paper is to validate such a mobile application, ClimApp, to the users needs in the heat. ClimApp combines weather data with personal user data, thermal models and indices to estimate the thermal strain of the user. The output of ClimApp ranges from −4 to +4, where values below 0 indicate cold strain and values above 0 indicate heat strain. 134 Participants filled in the required personal settings into the app, and indicated if the estimated thermal strain by ClimApp matched their thermal perception. 45 of the participants filled in a user satisfaction questionnaire. Results show that ClimApp is able to predict the heat strain of the user, but may underestimate perceived heat strain when ambient temperature increases. Furthermore, participants were positive about the user-friendliness of ClimApp, but did not think they would use ClimApp frequently and believed the information was irrelevant for them. This is quite remarkable as the number of heat illness cases are increasing and the negative effects of heat occur in all populations exposing themselves to the heat. There needs to be more focus on making people aware of the negative health risks of the heat. ClimApp could play a role as a tool to make heat warnings more accessible for everyone and make people aware of appropriate behavior during periods with high ambient temperatures.
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| 11. |
- Girard, O., et al.
(författare)
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Plantar flexor neuromuscular adjustments following match-play football in hot and cool conditions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 25:S1, s. 154-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed neuromuscular fatigue and recovery of the plantar flexors after playing football with or without severe heat stress. Neuromuscular characteristics of the plantar flexors were assessed in 17 male players at baseline and approximate to 30min, 24, and 48h after two 90-min football matches in temperate (approximate to 20 degrees C and 55% rH) and hot (approximate to 43 degrees C and 20% rH) environments. Measurements included maximal voluntary strength, muscle activation, twitch contractile properties, and rate of torque development and soleus EMG (i.e., root mean square activity) rise from 0 to 30, -50, -100, and -200 ms during maximal isometric contractions for plantar flexors. Voluntary activation and peak twitch torque were equally reduced (-1.5% and -16.5%, respectively; P<0.05) post-matches relative to baseline in both conditions, the latter persisting for at least 48h, whereas strength losses (approximate to 5%) were not significant. Absolute explosive force production declined (P<0.05) 30ms after contraction onset independently of condition, with no change at any other epochs. Globally, normalized rate of force development and soleus EMG activity rise values remained unchanged. In football, match-induced alterations in maximal and rapid torque production capacities of the plantar flexors are moderate and do not differ after competing in temperate and hot environments.
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| 13. |
- Kingma, B. R.M., et al.
(författare)
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Climapp—integrating personal factors with weather forecasts for individualised warning and guidance on thermal stress
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the functional development of the ClimApp tool (available for free on iOS and Android devices), which combines current and 24 h weather forecasting with individual information to offer personalised guidance related to thermal exposure. Heat and cold stress assessments are based on ISO standards and thermal models where environmental settings and personal factors are integrated into the ClimApp index ranging from −4 (extremely cold) to +4 (extremely hot), while a range of −1 and +1 signifies low thermal stress. Advice for individuals or for groups is available, and the user can customise the model input according to their personal situation, including activity level, clothing, body characteristics, heat acclimatisation, indoor or outdoor situation, and geographical location. ClimApp output consists of a weather summary, a brief assessment of the thermal situation, and a thermal stress warning. Advice is provided via infographics and text depending on the user profile. ClimApp is available in 10 languages: English, Danish, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Hellenic (Greek), Italian, German, Spanish and French. The tool also includes a research functionality providing a platform for worker and citizen science projects to collect individual data on physical thermal strain and the experienced thermal strain. The application may therefore improve the translation of heat and cold risk assessments and guidance for subpopulations. ClimApp provides the framework for personalising and downscaling weather reports, alerts and advice at the personal level, based on GPS location and adjustable input of individual factors.
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| 14. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle variables of importance for physiological performance in competitive football
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 116:2, s. 251-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To examine how match performance parameters in trained footballers relate to skeletal muscle parameters, sprint ability and intermittent exercise performance. Methods 19 male elite football players completed an experimental game with physical performance determined by video analysis and exercise capacity assessed by intermittent Yo-Yo IR1 and IR2 tests, and a repeated sprint test (RST). Muscle tissue was obtained for analysis of metabolic enzyme maximal activity and key muscle protein expression. Results Total game distance, distance deficit from first to second half and high-intensity running in the final 15 min of the game were all correlated to the players’ Yo-Yo IR1 performance (r = 0.55–0.87) and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD) maximal activity (r = 0.55–0.65). Furthermore, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1) protein expression was weakly (r = 0.46) correlated to total game distance. Peak 5-min game distance faster than 21 km h−1 was related to the Na+–K+ ATPase subunit (α1, α2, β1 and FXYD1) protein levels (r = 0.54–0.70), while Yo-Yo IR2 performance explained 40 % of the variance in high-intensity game distance. Total and 1-min peak sprint distance correlated to myosin heavy chain II/I ratio (MHCII/I ratio) and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform-1 (SERCA1) protein (r = 0.56–0.86), while phosphofructokinase (PFK) maximal activity also correlated to total sprint distance (r = 0.46). Conclusion The findings emphasize the complexity of parameters predicting physical football performance with Yo-Yo IR1 and HAD as the best predictors of total distance, while high expression of Na+–K+ ATPase proteins and the Yo-Yo IR2 test are better predictors of high-intensity performance. Finally, sprint performance relates to skeletal muscle fiber-type composition.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Nybo, L, et al.
(författare)
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A spurious correlation - Reply
- 2004
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY. - 8750-7587. ; 97:2, s. 793-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Urquia, Marcelo L, et al.
(författare)
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Severe maternal morbidity associated with maternal birthplace in three high-immigration settings
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:4, s. 620-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Maternal mortality and morbidity vary substantially worldwide. It is unknown if these geographic differences translate into disparities in severe maternal morbidity among immigrants from various world regions. We assessed disparities in severe maternal morbidity between immigrant women from various world regions giving birth in three high-immigration countries.METHODS:We used population-based delivery data from Victoria; Australia and Ontario, Canada and national data from Denmark, in the most recent 10-year period ending in 2010 available to each participating centre. Each centre provided aggregate data according to standardized definitions of the outcome, maternal regions of birth and covariates for pooled analyses. We used random effects and stratified logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for maternal age, parity and comparability scores.RESULTS:We retrieved 2,322,907 deliveries in all three receiving countries, of which 479,986 (21%) were to immigrant women. Compared with non-immigrants, only Sub-Saharan African women were consistently at higher risk of severe maternal morbidity in all three receiving countries (pooled adjusted OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.43, 1.95). In contrast, both Western and Eastern European immigrants had lower odds (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.96 and OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.83, respectively). The most common diagnosis was severe pre-eclampsia followed by uterine rupture, which was more common among Sub-Saharan Africans in all three settings.CONCLUSIONS:Immigrant women from Sub-Saharan Africa have higher rates of severe maternal morbidity. Other immigrant groups had similar or lower rates than the majority locally born populations.
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| 18. |
- van Meel, Evelien R., et al.
(författare)
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Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150 000 European children
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 60:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Early-life respiratory tract infections might affect chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, but conclusive studies from general populations are lacking. Our objective was to examine if children with early-life respiratory tract infections had increased risks of lower lung function and asthma at school age. Methods We used individual participant data of 150 090 children primarily from the EU Child Cohort Network to examine the associations of upper and lower respiratory tract infections from age 6 months to 5 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%) and asthma at a median (range) age of 7 (4-15) years. Results Children with early-life lower, not upper, respiratory tract infections had a lower school-age FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF75% (z-score range: -0.09 (95% CI -0.14- -0.04) to -0.30 (95% CI -0.36- -0.24)). Children with early-life lower respiratory tract infections had a higher increased risk of school-age asthma than those with upper respiratory tract infections (OR range: 2.10 (95% CI 1.98-2.22) to 6.30 (95% CI 5.64-7.04) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.18-1.32) to 1.55 (95% CI 1.47-1.65), respectively). Adjustment for preceding respiratory tract infections slightly decreased the strength of the effects. Observed associations were similar for those with and without early-life wheezing as a proxy for early-life asthma. Conclusions Our findings suggest that early-life respiratory tract infections affect development of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in later life, with the strongest effects for lower respiratory tract infections.
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