| 1. |
- Bark, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Intranätboken : från elektronisk anslagstavla till dagligt arbetsverktyg
- 2002
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken handlar inte om tekniken bakom intranät eller hur man implementerar ett intranät, utan fokuserar på "mjuka" saker som innehåll, kommunikation, organisation, kultur, lärande och gränssnitt. Den visar på de möjligheter och svårigheter det innebär att skapa system som stödjer individens och organisationens processer.Intranätboken kan läsas från pärm till pärm, men man kan också välja att läsa de kapitel man är mest intresserad av, eftersom de är fristående. Varje författare har skrivit om den del av intranät hon/han behärskar bäst. Boken rör sig från det övergripande och något mer teoretiska till en fallstudie av portalutvecklingen inom Telia, och avslutas med en mer handgriplig diskussion om vikten av att skapa användarvänliga webblösningar. Perspektivet är snarare utifrån en vidareutveckling av ett befintligt intranät än en start av ett nytt.Boken är främst avsedd för dem som arbetar med webbfrågor inom något större organisationer, men är även tänkt för högskole-/universitetskurser i medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, företagsekonomi och informatik.
|
|
| 2. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of Information Utilization (AIU)
- 1997
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 9:3, s. 255-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of information utilization (AIU) is a method for describing and analyzing how information entities identified in information analysis are being used in the work situation. AIU aims at complementing existing methods for user interface design by identifying additional requirements for human-computer interaction. The method focuses on aspects, of computer-supported work, related to cognitive load, aspects of which end users often not are explicitly aware. For skilled workers in a professional work environment, the efficiency of the user interface is extremely important. We earlier stressed that important criteria for design of user interfaces deals with making the interface "obvious" to the users, by minimizing the cognitive load associated with the handling of it. AIU is performed through observation interviews in which human-computer experts interview representative users about their work situation and observe physical information-handling routines. The analysis identifies work tasks in terms of judgments and decision-making situations, requirements concerning the tasks that may have to be performed simultaneously, important features and priorities of the information, actions the user can initiate and so on. The method supports the interface designer with human-computer interaction requirements structured for a workspace-oriented design. It is integrated in user-centered development model and supports the simultaneous development of competence, organization, work activity, and information technology. This article describes the background and contents of the method and how the results of the analysis are documented and used in the design process. A number of application projects have shown that AIU makes it possible to capture aspects of human work and information processing that are important to the design of better interfaces. AIU is not a new method for system development but complements today methods for task and information analysis with more...
|
|
| 3. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of information utilization (AIU)
- 1997
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION. - 1044-7318. ; 9:3, s. 255-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of information utilisation (AIU) is a method for specifying how information entities encountered in information analysis are being physically manipulated in the work situation undergoing analysis. It focuses especially on factors affecting cognitive load. The method supports the human-computer interface designer with relevant and appropriate information structured specifically for a document oriented design methodology. It gives a suitable basis for user centred interface design, without the possible limitations that improper user participation could cause, and focuses on all aspects relevant for a ”good” work environment, such as competence, organisation, work activity and information technology development.Analysis of information utilisation is performed through ”observation-interviews” in which a human-computer expert interviews a typical user about his work situation in the domain of work and observes information handling routines that the user might not be aware of. A number of development projects have shown that this method can constitute an additional step in existing methodologies for capturing aspects of the work situation that can be directly design controlling. This paper describes the method of analysis of information utilisation, and what information that has to be documented while performing the method. It suggests how the method can be incorporated into existing in-house development methodologies, and gives an example of documented analysis results from a development project within the Swedish National Tax Board.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
The need for new application specific interface elements
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Advances in Human Factors/Ergonomics 19B, Human Computer Interaction. ; , s. 15-20
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of user interfaces for skilled workers in professional work settings should be based on style guides that certify efficiency. Most of today's style guides and design guidelines overemphasise general aspects or aspects relevant to novices. To increase efficiency both of the design process and of the resulting interface, more domain specific interface elements should be used. This paper explains the basic ideas of such domain specific style guides and gives some examples from the health care domain.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Göransson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
The Interface is Often Not the Problem
- 1987
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Association of Computing Machinery. CHI+GI'87. ; , s. 133-136
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer systems in the form of tools for specific functions within a work environment are becoming increasingly common. because the users are not computer experts, and because the introduction of the new tools can dramatically change their tasks, problems arise. It is argued that even if the proper design of the MMI is very important, this will not solve all the problems. More basic problems concern what functions should be included in the system and how the users can understand what the system can do in different work situations and how the response would be evaluated in the context of the work situations. This is demonstrated by experiences from application projects. It is concluded that more research must be devoted to these problem areas. Another important result is the fact that the possibilities to develop more generally applicable computer based tools are limited. Adaptation to local circumstances and needs is usually a necessity.
|
|
| 8. |
- Haya, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
-
Metalib and Google Scholar : A user study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Online information review (Print). - : Emerald. - 1468-4527 .- 1468-4535. ; 31:3, s. 365-375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - This paper aims to understand how students experience the search tools Google Scholar and Metalib and the role of prior instruction. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 32 undergraduate students searched academic articles for their thesis work. Searches were recorded using Morae software and were analysed along with the number of articles saved and responses to a questionnaire. All searched with both tools. Half of the students received training before searching. Findings - Google Scholar performed better in almost all measures. Training had a positive effect on the amount and quality of articles saved. Responses to Google Scholar were more positive than to Metalib. However, the students were not overwhelmingly enthusiastic about either of the tools. Research limitations/implications - Each Metalib implementation is to some extent unique, which limits the extent to which results can be generalised to other implementations. Practical implications - Training is valuable for both tools. The user interface to Metalib does not conform with students' expectations and needs further improvement. Both tools strive to be a first alternative search tool for academic literature but neither performed well enough in this study to recommend it to be used in that role in an academic library setting. Originality/value - These tools are important to academic libraries but few user studies have been published, particularly on Google Scholar. To one's knowledge no other user study on these tools has looked at the effects of instruction.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Kjellin, Andreas, 1974-
(författare)
-
Visualizing Dynamics –The Perception of Spatiotemporal Data in 2D and 3D
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many command and control situations the understanding of dynamic events is crucial. With today’s development of hard- and software architecture, we have the possibility to visualize data in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate different approaches to visualizing dynamic events. The visualization techniques investigated include 2D animation and time representations as markings on a 2D map. In 3D the visualization technique investigated is the “space time-cube” A further aim is to study whether the Cue Probability Learning (CPL) paradigm can be used to evaluate visualizations. By mapping time onto a spatial dimension, in the 2D visualization as lines with different densities and in 3D as height over the map, a simultaneous visualization of space and time is possible. The findings are that this mapping of time onto space is beneficial to users as compared with animations, but the two mapping techniques are not interchangeable. If a task requires judgments of metric spatial properties, a 2D visualization is more beneficial; however, if the task only requires judgments of more qualitative aspects, a 3D visualization is more beneficial. When we look at a 3D visualization, we utilize different sources of depth information. These sources are always present and each defines either a 3D scene or a projection surface. By using these different sources of depth information wisely, a visualization can be created that efficiently shows relevant information to a user while requiring a minimal amount of specialized hardware. Finally, the CPL paradigm seems to be a worthwhile option as an experimental paradigm in visualization experiments. One of the advantages of CPL is that novice users can be trained to be task experts in a controlled and time-efficient way.
|
|
| 11. |
- Larsson, Anders Olof, 1979-
(författare)
-
Doing Things in Relation to Machines : Studies on Online Interactivity
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Internet is often discussed in conjunction with various notions of interactivity. Recently, conceptualizations of a “Web 2.0″, mainly focusing on harnessing user-generated content, have grown increasingly common in both public discourse and among researchers interested in the continued growth and transformation of the Internet.This thesis approaches the use and non-use of online interactive features by societal institutions. Specifically, the thesis focuses on online newspapers and online political actors, studying the practitioners working within those institutions and on their respective audiences. Consisting of four empirical studies, the thesis is informed theoretically by the application of conceptual tools pertaining to structuration theory. In Anthony Giddens’ original conception, structuration theory posits that social structure is recursively shaped (and possibly altered) as human agents choose to re-enact certain modalities of specific structures. By changing their uses of the rules and resources made available to them by structure, humans are given agency in relation to overarching, macro-level structures. Giddens’ writings have also been contextualized to the study of information technology use by Wanda Orlikowski, who has mostly focused on organizational research.Combining insights from Giddens and Orlikowski, the thesis suggests that most Internet users are enacting a “structure of audiencehood”, entailing somewhat traditional consumer behavior, rather than a “structure of prosumerism”, which would entail extensive uses of the interactive features made available online. Similar traditional use patterns are discerned for practitioners. The thesis suggests that we should not be surprised at relatively low levels of use of interactive features by practitioners and audiences in these contexts. While the chosen areas of study are often surrounded by expectations and “hype” regarding the consequences of online interactivity, institutionalized news and politics can be said to represent stable structures – structures that have functioned in similar ways for extended periods of time, and, thus, are not so easily amended.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Lind, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Computer Based Workstations in Health Care
- 1988
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of IMIA Working Conference. ; , s. 26-32
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer based workstations are shown to be a prerequisite for the use of the rapidly increasing selection of improved commercially available input and output facilities. Two design strategies are discussed and it is shown that only one of them is suitable for designing the human computer interface in such a way that human work effectivity is preserved even in a computer assisted work environment.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lind, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning simple and complex patterns in a diagnostic task
- 1995
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In two experiments we have studied how users performing a diagnostic task learned to recognize figural patterns in the displayed information. The average decision time was significantly shorter if symptoms presented on the screen formed a figural pattern compared to a control condition where no pattern was formed. When learning simple patterns, performance levelled out after about 1000 trials. When learning difficult patterns, performance levelled out at after about 5 500 trials. The final values of the decision times were about the same for simple and complex patterns.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
Arg fruktsallad, fönstersjukan och andra fenomen
- 1993
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Trots alla fördelar med de nya grafiska gränssnitten blir det inte automatiskt frid och fröjd för en frekvent användare. Det finns det en del problem som fanns med de gamla systemen och som de nya inte löser, dels finns det en del nya problem som kan bli följden av olämplig användning av grafiska gränssnitt. resultat från psykologisk forksning hjälper oss att förstå varför, och vad vi kan göra åt det.
|
|
| 19. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
Automatic Information Processing in Document Reading. : A Study of Information Handling in Two Intensive Care Units
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the first European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was made of information handling in intensive care units in two hospitals. In one of the units the information about the patients was read from paper documents whereas in the other unit the same kind of information was read from computer screens. In both units co-operative work was being done with documents or forms containing data regarding seriously ill patients. The results show that in the paper based environment there is a reason to believe that a number of information activities can be automatized in human cognition sense. In the computerized environment however, these same activities seem to require conscious attention thus leading to high attentional demand.
|
|
| 20. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Between the clicks: Skilled users scanning of pages.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Designing for the Web: Empirical studies. October 30, 1996, Redmond, WA, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When designing web-pages for intra-net applications the notion of search time become important. In such applications, there are typically a limited set of web-pages which users will traverse frequently. For instance pages including contents lists and lists of links to reference documents. These pages will be scanned many times each day and to achieve efficiency the layout should be chosen to optimize average search time, rather than to optimize legibility for the occasional user. In this paper, we describe some results from a series of experiments on skilled users scanning of a screen display, that are relevant also to web-page design. The effect of variations in page layout features on the average search time was measured. It was found that with a fix page layout, learning takes place so that frequent users develop effective scanning strategies. These strategies are adjusted to the probability of finding interesting information in different locations on the page. It was also found that scanning a horizontal listing of items is slower than scanning a vertical listing of items. Findings further indicate that scanning a single long vertical list is faster than scanning multiple shorter vertical lists. Fixed position is the key to fast scanning. Users learn the location and directs search immediately to the right location on the page. If the target item was given a unique feature, search time was, as expected, significantly decreased. There was no significant difference between the features: colour, shade, space, size and slant.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Display design principles based on a Model of Visual Search.
- 1996
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How can we arrange a large number of information items on the screen and still keep the average search time as short as possible? This question is of interest especially when designing displays for frequent professional use. A simple model of the visual search process was used to rank order competing display designs. Input to the model included characteristics of the display design and some knowledge or assumptions regarding a representative search task. Output from the model included predictions of the average time required for information search. The model was validated by application to 41 display designs described in the literature. Comparison of predicted and observed search time data showed that the model explained 94% of the variance. The most effective display designs are those that exploit the peripheral visual system. Less effective methods are those that require extensive use of the foveal visual system. Implications for display design are discussed.v
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
Effektiv presentation för intranät-tillämpningar : Projektredogörelse
- 2000
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet har inneburit en mängd studier av intranät. De intranät som studerats har varit från 400 användare till 40.000 användare. Studierna omfattar en tidsperiod om 3 år, från 1997 till 2000. De metoder som använts har varit flera: Läs-Experiment, Observationer, Intervjuer, Enkäter, Layout-analys av intranätsidor.Resultatet är kunskap om hur navigering och presentation ska utformas för att intranätet ska fungera som ett smidigt arbetsredskap. Dessa resultat har stor betydelse för arbetslivet eftersom trenden går mot att intranät-baserad information kommer att vara ett viktigt arbetsredskap för en allt större andel av de anställda, även sådana som tidigare inte använt sig av datorer i arbetet.Resultaten visar också att intranätet har en stor potential att effektivisera informationsflödet i en organisation. Det nya mer fria informationsflödet påverkar även maktstrukturerna i företagen vilket vore intressant att studera i fortsatt forskning.
|
|
| 27. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
Empirical Results relevant to User Interface Design: An overview of the literature
- 1996
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This overview will focus on results from controlled experimental studies that have shown effects that are of interest to user interface design. In an appendix are some pointers to the literature in the field of human-computer interaction.The overview will be limited to the most common type of human-computer interaction. That is: one human interacting with a computer by means of a keyboard, a mouse and a graphic display. Other types of interaction will not be considered here, for instance:* virtual reality* other output devices* other input devices* interaction by command languages* computer supported cooperative work (CSCW)* task analysis* the design processFurthermore the application area concerned will be administrative work in a broad sense. Application areas that will not be considered are, for instance: process control and aviation.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
Estetik för dynamiska symboler : Användning av grafik, och symbolspråk för bildskärmsbaserad lägespresentation vid modernt ledningsarbete
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hittills har det varit så att papperskartor med överlägg av genomskinliga så kallade ”oleat” har använts för att visa lägen och situationer i samband med ledningsarbete i staber och fält. Allt mer information har nu datoriserats och kan i och med detta visas på bildskärmar istället för, eller som ett komplement till papper och oleat.Man kan presentera information i flera lager. Man kan snabbt växla mellan presentationssätt. Man har tillgång till gråskalor, färgnyanser och dynamiska effekter av olika slag.Den nya tekniken innebär stora möjligheter att presentera information, men det krävs dock en del kunskap och tankearbete för att utnyttja dessa på ett för användarna smidigt och effektivt sätt.Försvarets har idag ett utvidgat uppgiftsfokus. Exempel på nya situationer är terrorist attacker, katastrofbränder och översvämningar.Det kommer troligen att bli mer samarbete mellan olika enheter. Förband kan sättas samman med kompetenser från olika organisatoriska enheter.Dessutom har Försvaret som mål att öka situationsmedvetenheten genom att minska tiden för loopen ”lägesinformation – beslut – åtgärd – ny lägesinformation”.De regler och konventioner som finns för grafiska symboler behöver därför ses över för att passa den nya tekniska och informationsergonomiska miljön. Inför en sådan genomgång är det lämpligt att inleda med en studie av vilka kunskaper som finns att hämta i litteraturen och forskningen.Övergången till ny presentationsteknik har genomförts inom exempelvis processindustri och civil flygledning, och det finns lärdomar att hämta. Även dataspelen kan bidra med såväl bra som dåliga exempel på utnyttjande av visuella effekter.Detta utredningsarbete har utförts som ett uppdrag inom projektet Dynamiska Verksamhetssymboler, som leds av Lotta Åberg, FMV. Arbetet syftar till att ge en checklista för vilka överväganden som tillkommer i den nya presentationsmiljön.
|
|
| 30. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiments in visual search I: Effects of patterns of highlighted items on list search
- 1995
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- f some of the information items on a structured computer display are highlighted, they can form a figural pattern on the screen. In field studies of computer users at work, we had observed that in some situations, interpretation of a display could be made by mere recognition of such patterns. In two experiments we investigated how figural patterns formed by highlighted items affected search time and visual process ing time in simple decision making tasks. The information items critical for the deci sion were either highlighted and formed a pattern, or, they were not highlighted and no pattern was formed. The results show that search time, as well as visual processing time was significantly and substantially shorter in the pattern conditions compared to the control condition. A model which assumes that highlighting the critical items causes sequential search to be replaced by pattern recognition, predicted the observed response times well. Different methods of highlight: colour; shading; italic font; smaller characters and empty space were equally efficient in reducing search time.
|
|
| 31. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiments in visual search II: Effects of figural patterns on trend assessment
- 1995
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A common task in many different types of computer work is to scan rows and columns of numerical data and look for trends, increasing or decreasing. In field studies we had observed that skilled users seemed to recognise the figural patterns formed by width variations in columns and use that as a clue in the task of assessing trends. In two experiments we studied assessment of trends. The result show that users can learn to recognise a width variation pattern which is correlated to the presence of a trend, and that recognition of such patterns significantly decrease search time compared to if no such pattern is present. The effect was larger in a vertical orientation compared to a horizontal orientation. Like other studies we also found that scanning for trends gener ally is performed faster in columns than in rows. The findings have implications for the presentation of for instance intensive care data, and process control data, where rows and columns are scanned many times each day.
|
|
| 32. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiments in visual search III. Effects of patterns of varying probability on scanning strategies
- 1995
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In most real work situations, the probability that an interesting item will be found in a certain position on the screen will be unevenly distributed over the screen area. A fre quent user may learn the probability pattern and adjust his or her scanning strategy to accommodate for this. In an experiment we investigated how scanning strategies were affected by such patterns of unevenly distributed probability. The results showed that users easily learn to adopt their search strategies to patterns of varying probability. The search time was significantly shorter compared to when the probability was evenly distributed over the screen area. Although the subjects in the study were unable to give a correct description of the probability distribution over the screen area, they were nevertheless able to adopt mathematically optimal search strategies.
|
|
| 33. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiments in visual search IV. Effects of positional correlations on time order assessment
- 1995
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In field studies of computer users at work we had observed that the assessment of order in time between events in graphs and time lists was regarded more effortful in a computerised situation compared to when the same information was read from paper sheets. In an experiment we investigated assessment of order in time between one graph event and one list event. In one condition the time list was presented so that there was a correlation between the position of an event item and the time of the event. In another condition the list was presented without such a correlation. The results show that the task was performed significantly faster if there was a correlation between position and time. This result explains why the computer lists were consid ered effortful to use, since the time lists were presented without any correlation between position and time. in the formerly used paper lists however, there were such a correlation.
|
|
| 34. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiments in visual search V. Prediction of the search time in a complex screen scanning task
- 1995
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We had investigated four simple decision making tasks where interpretation of a computer display was involved. The results had shown that the search times were significantly shorter if the presentation conditions were such that patterns were formed in the displays compared to if no pattern was formed. In ordinary work situations, decision tasks are more complex. In order to study if the effect was present also in a complex task we performed an experiment with a combined task where the effect of pattern recognition could be predicted from the results of the former experiments. The results show that the prediction was correct within 10%. The complex task was performed about twice as fast in the pattern condition compared to the control condition. The effect thus is stable enough to enable predictions and large enough to have practical consequences.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
From paper to computer screen: Human information processing and interfaces to patient data.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: IMIA WG6 Conference on Natural Language and Medical Concept Representation. January 19-22, 1997, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. ; , s. 317-326
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The information tools in medicine have developed over a long time. There are certain reasons why they look the way they do. In a study of the use of the paper-based versions of these tools in daily practise, some interesting observations were made. Experienced physicians showed to have developed perceptual skills that enabled them to use pattern-recognition as a complement to normal reading. The physicians were unable to give verbal accounts of such skills, but nevertheless, the skills were clearly demonstrated in tests. There are reasons to believe that these skills were crucial to the very efficient information processing observed. The shift of media from paper to screen have some consequences that have to be considered. We need to understand these in order to avoid making things that were easy with the paper-tools more difficult in the computerized media, but also to be able to exploit the possibilities offered by the new media for enhancement of human cognitive skills, such as using dynamical pictorial representations, colours, symbols and other visual codes. Medical concept representation is not only a matter of words and terminology. There is also a need for development of representations (2-D, 3-D, virtual reality) that provide overviews in some specific frequently encountered decision-making situations. Such representations should be rich in information content, elaborated and optimized for fast information extraction. Graphical and visual conventions should be developed, that are standardized within a community of collaborators. The conventions should exploit the new medium and capitalize on the available knowledge on human information processing. This is clearly not made today. As an example, most intensive care systems on the market today, present patient data in a way opposed to known principles of human information processing.
|
|
| 38. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
From Paper to Computer Screen. Interactive Multimedia in Higher Education
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Netlearning 2004 Ronneby 10-12 maj 2004.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With regard to learning material, netbased learning is mostly concerned with the distribution of various forms of texts. However, the computer provide much more interesting ways to support the individual student. Instead of struggling alone by reading a continuous text from the screen, we could use interactive quizzes, puzzles and various forms of simulations.The aim of this work is to understand how we can change a traditional learning material, to a form more suitable to the interactive situation.Method:We have studied the motivational principles used in video-games. From these observations, we could abstract a set of principles on how to activate the student and provide immediate feedback.Traditional text-based teaching material have been reworked accordingly. The resulting interactive material have been tested on a first group of students.Result:The result shows that the interactive learning material is more motivating than the traditional text presentation. The students learn faster, but the time required for preparation of the material increases.Conclusion:The interactive media is powerful and to exploit it fully we need to change our view of preparing a course material. Guidelines for reworking texts and images to interactive form is suggested.
|
|
| 39. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
Grafiska användargränssnitt, några tips
- 1995
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report contains a checklist for finding good and bad points in a graphical user interface. The material is normally used in courses given at CMD to professional user interface developers. In group sessions, the participants practise judging the quality of an interface. Each group work with one aspect only, but judges about 5-6 different applications. The following aspects are treated:* Disposition of the screen area* Menues* Orientation and navigation* Input sequences* Layout* Colour coding etc* Feedback* Icons and buttons* Placement of interface elementsFor each aspect there is an explanatory overview text followed by lists of good and bad points.This report is in Swedish.
|
|
| 40. |
- Nygren, Else, et al.
(författare)
-
Helping clinicians to find data and avoid delays.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: The LANCET. ; 352:(9138), s. 1462-1466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One major criticism of paper medical records is the time and effort required to find data items or to gain an overview. Computerisation does not nescessarily help. To help clinicialns find data faster and with less effort, everyone designing and writing in records needs to understand how and why we search records and the design features that make searching easier. This paper describes how clinicians search medical records and how to improve record design, whether on paper or computer, to help clinicians find all the data they need without delay.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Nygren, Else
(författare)
-
Interaction with Dynamic Documents: A field study of information use in intensive care
- 1996
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dynamic documents are, in this paper, defined as single-page documents (paper- or screen-based), where the layout is fixed, but the content varies over time. A field study was conducted concerning the use of dynamic documents in the health care domain. The methods used were interviews, observations of work, and administration of simple reading tests with copies of authentic documents that were manipulated in various ways. Paper documents, as well as print-outs of screen displays, were used as originals. The results showed that experienced subjects had learned to recognise variations in features that were correlated to variations in content. The patterns formed by filled and unfilled fields in the paper documents were especially informative. Variations in this pattern could correctly be attributed to, for instance, variations in the condition of a patient.The results were used to give a tentative description of general interaction with dynamic documents. Components of this interaction task could be grouped into identification, quality control and evaluation. A speculation is that, in parallel to the ordinary reading process, there is a number of automatic processes involved in the interaction. It was observed, that many components of interaction that seem to be perceived automatically in a paper-based setting, required attentional reading in a corresponding computerized setting. Because reading always requires consciously controlled processing, this probably accounted for the higher cognitive load that was experienced in interaction with the computerized documents. These assumptions have far reaching implications for user interface design and, therefore, call for further study.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
