| 1. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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A Post-Analysis of the Introduction of the EU Directive 92/57/EEC in the Swedish Construction Industry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU directive 92/57/EEC focuses on ensuring that health and safety-related matters are taken into consideration during every stage of construction-related work and has been introduced into the regulations of the member countries. In 2006, Sweden was tasked by the European Commission to clarify its implementation of the directive, including which management roles and responsibilities were to come into effect during both the planning and eventual execution of construction work—changes that ultimately were introduced into the national regulations in 2009. Focusing on the accident trends in the construction industry in the years immediately following these regulatory changes, we find that the new management roles and responsibilities had no apparent effect on the accident rates. Furthermore, we argue that there is a need to broaden the analysis regarding the implementation of the EU directive 92/57/EEC to also include nation-specific changes to health and safety management and policy. These qualitative studies should also include a dedicated focus on how changes to management structures and processes may affect the prevalence of occupational diseases specifically.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Byggindustrins säkerhetspark - ett program för säkerhetskultur : Delrapport 1: Säkerhetskulturforskning inom byggindustrin
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en kunskapsöversikt som beskriver internationell forskning om säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsarbete i byggindustrin. I rapporten diskuteras inledningsvis hur säkerhetskultur kan förstås i relation till organisationskultur och att mycket av de distinktioner som görs inom säkerhetskulturforskningen inom byggbranschen är avhängig synen på kulturbegreppet. I den forskning som studerats i denna litteraturöversikt är det vanligt med en mer normativ ansats, dvs., den är inte neutral utan den syftar till säkerhet. Det verkar inte vara lika vanligt med säkerhetskultur-forskning som i grunden har en tolkande ansats och som ställer sig mer neutral till huruvida kulturen i sig alltid leder till en högre grad av säkerhet. Med en sådan ansats kan dock säkerhetskulturens olika delar i högre grad analyseras utan att vara upptagen med dess koppling till en normativ syn på säkerhetskultur. Med utgångpunkt i den tidigare forskningen ger vi slutligen förslag på ett antal aktiviteter som skulle kunna införlivas i säkerhetsparken som ett sätt att stärka dess säkerhetsfrämjande arbete.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Byggindustrins säkerhetspark – ett program för säkerhetskultur : Resultat och rekommendationer
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den svenska byggindustrin har gjort stora satsningar de senaste åren för att öka medvetenheten om vikten av att arbeta säkert. En del i denna satsning är att Byggföretagen (före detta Sveriges Byggindustrier) har byggt en säkerhetspark, dvs. en anläggning där de som arbetar inom industrin utbildas om säkerhet och får möjlighet att gemensamt reflektera över säkerhetsrelaterade frågor.Vår forskargrupp vid Luleå tekniska universitet, har följt parkens etablering med syfte att undersöka hur frågor rörande säkerhetskultur kan och har integrerats i säkerhetsparkens aktiviteter. Projektet finns redovisat i tre rapporter. Den första är en kartläggning av internationell forskning inom området säkerhetskultur, säkerhetsarbete och säkerhetsträning och finns redovisad i Delrapport 1: Säkerhetskulturforskning inom byggindustrin (Berglund et al, 2020). Den andra redovisar en kartläggning och karaktärisering av vilka säkerhetsinitiativ och säkerhetskulturer som finns hos Sveriges byggindustriers medlemsföretag. Den studien har presenterats i Delrapport 2: Säkerhetsinitiativ och säkerhetskultur i svensk byggindustri (Berglund et al, 2021). I denna tredje rapport som vi kallar Resultat och rekommendationer, presenterar vi en samlad analys av parkens verksamhet och avslutar med ett antal förslag till hur säkerhetsparken kan utvecklas vidare. I rapporten kan vi konstatera att säkerhetsparken finns på plats och har verkat i drygt tre år. Den består av ett stort antal stationer eller scenarion där ett antal arbetsområden, arbetssituationer och arbetsmoment speglas. Ett besök inleds inomhus med en introduktion där det besökande företaget eller skolan ges en inledande beskrivning av parkens innehåll och syfte och där ett flertal frågeställningar introduceras och diskuteras. Därefter fortsätter besöket utomhus genom att man besöker ett antal stationer som är utformade enligt den pedagogiska principen ”se, höra, göra och reflektera”. Valet av stationer som besöks görs i samråd med handledare och med det besökande företaget. Dagen avslutas på samma sätt som den inleddes, inomhus, med reflektioner om lärdomar att ta med sig hem till det egna företaget. Parken fungerar också som en display av aktuell utveckling inom branschen, inte minst när det gäller nya verktyg, utrustning, material, arbetsmoment och liknande, allt med ett fokus på förbättrad arbetsmiljö och säkerhet. Säkerhetsparken besöks idag främst av byggföretag och byggelever men även av andra representanter från andra branscher. Vi har intervjuat nyckelpersoner med anknytning till parken och omdömen om parken och besöket har i huvudsak varit goda. Vår rapport avslutas med elva utvecklingsområden som vi tror kan bidra till att göra en bra verksamhet vid säkerhetsparken ännu bättre.1. Problematisera rådande säkerhetskulturer på fler ställen, kanske stationer eller i fler moment i anläggningen.2. Den pedagogiska modellen är bra och kan utnyttjas på fler ställen i anläggningen.3. Alla besök bör ha en tydlig och specifik företagsprofilering.4. Alla besökare ska ha en arbetsuppgift när de återvänder till företaget.5. Stationerna måste vara aktuella och spegla realistiska situationer.6. Säkerhetsparken bör vara ett centrum för lärande, utveckling och innovation.7. Säkerhetsparken kan vara ett skyltfönster för ny teknik och bra utrustning.8. Jämställdhetsfrågor bör integreras i säkerhetsparkens arbete.9. Ledningens betydelse för säkerhetskultur bör betonas.10.Säkerhetsparken kan bli en resurs för utbildning av utländsk arbetskraft.11.Säkerhetsparken bör dokumentera sina erfarenheter.
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| 5. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring safety culture research in the construction industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 76:2, s. 549-560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Despite numerous regulatory initiatives to improve health and safety in the construction industry, it still ranks as one of the most accident-prone industries worldwide. A dedicated focus on safety culture has been suggested as a complement to laws, regulations and management systems.OBJECTIVE: This article explores safety culture research conducted in the construction industry, with the aim to provide insight into the specific themes that tend to be in focus as well as what theoretical and methodological approaches that tend to be favored.METHODS: Searches in scientific databases were conducted twice. In a first attempt, searches resulted in 54 hits but only two articles fit the scope of the study. A revision of the search phrase resulted in 124 hits. Ultimately, 17 articles fit the scope of the study and were included. The content of the articles was analyzed and sorted thematically.RESULTS: The results show that four themes are prevalent in the existing literature: 1) unique challenges entail a need for situated applications, 2) models developed to operationalize safety culture, 3) measuring safety culture, and 4) safety management and leadership as key factors.CONCLUSION:Although research focusing on the construction industry has come to favor certain study designs and definitions of safety culture, further research may be enriched by broadening the theoretical and methodological perspectives. Specifically, researchers should conduct more in-depth qualitative studies that take the complexity of the industry into account, including the interpersonal relations between the actors involved.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational accidents in Swedish construction trades
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 27:2, s. 552-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to anazlye accidents occurring in the Swedish construction industry focusing specifically on the situation in the individual trades. The article includes all occupational accidents with at least one day of absence from work that were reported to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency for the year of 2016. The results, focusing on accident cause, injured body parts, as well as accidents per weekday, month and age, show that although the trades share commonalities regarding occupational accidents a number of trade-specific problem areas stand out. With this in mind, conclusions are drawn regarding the situation in each respective trade and suggestions are made for future studies focusing on accidents in construction industry trades.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Safety culture development in the construction industry : The case of a safety park in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of occupational accidents in the construction industry has necessitated a focus on proactive measures such as safety management programs. An example of this is safety parks, i.e. facilities where employees and managers from different construction companies can participate in site-specific activities and train in safety-related matters in a realistic context. Two specific focus areas are often present within these types of safety management programs: hands-on safety training and safety culture development as being within the purview of management. The purpose of this article is to investigate the developers’ intentions with the park in relation to safety culture development. Twenty interviews were conducted with experts in the area of health and safety. Results indicate that the safety park can contribute as a mirror for the companies own operations, with new information and knowledge of how work can be performed with safety being prioritized, to developing communication regarding safety-related matters, and finally the stations at the park may initiate a translation process as to how the lessons learned at the park can be applied to the participants’ own workplaces. All in all, the activities at the park can be said to be normative in nature, i.e. the developers seemingly have a desire to steer the safety culture development in a certain direction. There is a need for further research focusing on the concept of safety culture in these types of programs and, more broadly, in relation to its intended industry-wide effects.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Jan, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational safety in the construction industry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 64:1, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDThe paper is a research review focusing on occupational safety in the construction industry.OBJECTIVEThe purpose is to present research that highlights the areas of occupational safety and risks and to identify areas where research is lacking.METHODS326 articles from scientific journals, mainly covering the construction industry in Europe, Canada, USA, Australia and Japan have been studied. The findings are presented under 11 categories: accident statistics; individual factors; legislation and regulations; ethical considerations; risk management; leadership, management, organization; competence; safety design; cost-benefit calculations; programs and models; and technical solutions.RESULTSThe research is dominated by initiatives from researchers and government authorities, while the construction industry only appears as the object for the research. There is a scarcity of research on integrated systems encompassing subcontractors, as well as a lack of research with sociological perspectives on accidents. Furthermore, only a few studies have applied a gender perspective on safety in construction, i.e. there is a need of further research in this particular area.CONCLUSIONSA range of initiatives have been taken to increase safety in the construction industry and the initiatives are mainly reported to be successful. There are some cultural differences, but basically researchers present similar results regardless of country.
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| 10. |
- Nygren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Low Prevalence of Mild Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency in Hospitalized COVID-19-Patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of General Medicine. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd. - 1178-7074. ; 15, s. 5843-5848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Alpha- 1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and suggested as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Furthermore, epidemiological association of high prevalence of Alpha- 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and regional severity of COVID-19-impact has been hypothesized. In our study setting, the estimated prevalence rates of mild (PI*MZ, PI*SS or PI*MS) and moderate-to-severe AATD (PI*ZZ or PI*SZ) are high, 9% and 0.2%, respectively. Our primary aim was to examine the prevalence rate of AATD among hospitalized COVID-19-patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, enrollment occurred from December 2020 to January 2021 in two COVID-19-units at Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Case definition was a patient hospitalized due to COVID-19. Patients were screened for AATD with PI-typing and if results were inconclusive, PCR for the S- and Z-genes were performed. Patients were categorized as severe or moderate COVID-19 and 30-day-mortality data were collected. The primary outcome was prevalence rate of AATD. The secondary outcome investigated association between presence of mild AATD and severe COVID-19. Results: We enrolled 61 patients with COVID-19. Two patients out of 61 (3%) had mild AATD (PI*MZ) and none had moderate-tosevere AATD. 30/61 (49%) had severe COVID-19. Both patients with mild AATD developed severe COVID-19. Yet, presence of AATD was not significantly associated with severe COVID-19 (p=0.24). Conclusion: Mild AATD (PI*MS or PI*MZ) was rare in a small cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a study setting with a high background prevalence of AATD.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Abrahamsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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How to Get a Social Licence to Mine
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to discuss socially sustainable development in the mining industry and the communities surrounding the mines. The discussions are based on results from a prestudy and literature review on mining and sustainable development conducted during 2013–2014 at Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. ‘A social licence to mine’ is important for the mining industry, but the social dimension is a relatively underdeveloped dimension when it comes to sustainable development in general and the mining industry in particular, one reason probably being the lack of effective methods for capturing social impacts. The mining industry and the surrounding communities face many challenges that provide both possibilities and obstacles to socially sustainable development; eg aspects such as gender, work conditions and cultural aspects. For example, a strong mining workplace culture and community identity can createstrong cohesion but also lead to excluding certain groups, rejecting new ideas and reinforcing obsolete values. Other challenges include recruitment, as well as health and safety in relation to an increased use of fly-in-fly-out, contractors and automation of mining. Some challenges relate to the effects of fluctuations in the mining market. There is a lack of research that links attitudes, policies and activities within companies to their impact on the wider community, and vice versa. Future research should also include the development of methods and indicators for social sustainability relevant for mining – in other words: how do mining companies get ‘a social licence to mine’?
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| 14. |
- Abrahamsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Mining and Sustainable Development : Gender, Diversity and Work Conditions in Mining
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish mining companies and surrounding mining communities face many challenges when it comes to social sustainable development. For example, a strong mining workplace culture and community identity can create both strong cohesion but also lead to exclusion of certain groups, rejection of new ideas and reinforce traditional, masculine values. Other challenges include recruitment, as well as health and safety in relation to an increased use of contractors and automation of mining. The social dimension is relatively underdeveloped in studies of sustainable development in general and the mining industry in particular. This report reviews research on social sustainable development and mining with a special focus on (1) diversity of lifestyles, (2) gender, and (3) work conditions. Swedish and international research is reviewed and knowledge gaps are identified. All three areas of research can be regarded as relatively mature and they give important contributions to ourunderstanding of social sustainable development in relation to the mining sector even if they not always explicitly refer to it as such. There is a lack of research that links attitudes, policies and activities within companies to their impact on the wider society, and vice versa. Future research should also include the development of methods and indicators for social sustainability relevant for mining.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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CA AND PR SUBSTITUTION IN Y-BASED AND SM-BASED 1-2-3 COMPOUNDS
- 1993
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 48:10, s. 7590-7597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substitution with equal amounts of Ca and Pr has been studied mainly in Y- and Sm-based 1:2:3 samples and with some results also for Nd-based samples. Structural and chemical analysis and measurements of the superconducting T(c) and the upper critical magnetic field were performed. It was found that Ca and Pr can be dissolved in the orthorhombic structure up to about 25 at. % each in both Y- and Sm-based samples while for larger concentrations, only Pr continued to enter into the 1:2:3 structure. The depression of T(c) with Ca-Pr doping was found to be linear in concentration in contrast to the accelerated decrease in samples doped with only Pr. The rate of depression of T(c) increased in the sequence Y-, Sm-, and Nd-based hosts. The results suggest that Ca-Pr doping isolates a characteristic Pr-impurity effect in 1:2:3 samples. The critical magnetic-field slopes of Y- and Sm-based samples were almost independent of Ca-Pr content in the cosolubility region while a strong decrease was observed for larger Pr content, similar to 1:2:3 samples doped with Pr only. These results suggest an almost-temperature-independent magnetic pair-breaking effect by Pr.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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STRUCTURAL AND SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF Y1-2XCAXPRXBA2CU3O7-GAMMA
- 1992
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Ingår i: Physica. C, Superconductivity. - 0921-4534 .- 1873-2143. ; 190:3, s. 255-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Samples of the nominal composition Y1-2xCaxPrxBa2Cu3O7-delta with 0 less-than-or-equal-to x less-than-or-equal-to 0.4 have been studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, chemical analyses, and measurements of the super conducting transition temperature and the upper critical magnetic field. For x less-than-or-equal-to 0.25, the results indicate that Ca and Pr can both replace Y in agreement with the nominal composition, while for x > 0.25 only Pr enters the orthorhombic unit cell. Compared to Pr substitution in 1:2:3 we observe small changes in the depression of T(c) and strong changes in the critical field slopes. These results suggest that if Pr has a magnetic pair-breaking effect, it is close to being temperature independent.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Berglund, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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First-in-human, phase I/IIa clinical study of the peptidase potentiated alkylator melflufen administered every three weeks to patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Investigational new drugs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6997 .- 1573-0646. ; 33:6, s. 1232-1241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Melflufen (melphalan flufenamide, previously designated J1) is an optimized and targeted derivative of melphalan, hydrolyzed by aminopeptidases overexpressed in tumor cells resulting in selective release and trapping of melphalan, and enhanced activity in preclinical models. Methods This was a prospective, single-armed, open-label, first-in-human, dose-finding phase I/IIa study in 45 adult patients with advanced and progressive solid tumors without standard treatment options. Most common tumor types were ovarian carcinoma (n = 20) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 11). Results In the dose-escalating phase I part of the study, seven patients were treated with increasing fixed doses of melflufen (25-130 mg) Q3W. In the subsequent phase IIa part, 38 patients received in total 115 cycles of therapy at doses of 30-75 mg. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed at 25 and 50 mg; at higher doses DLTs were reversible neutropenias and thrombocytopenias, particularly evident in heavily pretreated patients, and the recommended phase II dose (RPTD) was set to 50 mg. Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) evaluation after 3 cycles of therapy (27 patients) showed partial response in one (ovarian cancer), and stable disease in 18 patients. One NSCLC patient received nine cycles of melflufen and progressed after 7 months of therapy. Conclusions In conclusion, melflufen can safely be given to cancer patients, and the toxicity profile was as expected for alkylating agents; RPTD is 50 mg Q3W. Reversible and manageable bone marrow suppression was identified as a DLT. Clinical activity is suggested in ovarian cancer, but modest activity in treatment of refractory NSCLC.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bergstrand, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkansmeritering - förutsättningar, behov och möjligheter : Rapport: MERSAM-Meritvärde av samverkansskicklighet
- 2021
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Samverkansuppgiften har gradvis fått en tydligare roll sedan mitten av 1990-talet och är idag en nödvändig och central uppgift för högskolor och universitet i Sverige, inte minst för att hantera vår tids samhällsutmaningar. Det finns få tecken på att denna utveckling kommer att vända och det är därför viktigt att vi inom sektorn för en dialog kring hur vi tar oss an och värderar det arbete som sker inom ramen för samverkansuppgiften. Det är troligt att vi i sektorn även en tid framöver kommer att diskutera hur samverkansuppgiften bör tolkas och samverkansmeriter värderas, men det hindrar oss inte att på allvar försöka stödja och strukturera det arbete som redan sker dagligen vid landets lärosäten.Projektets bidrag är att belysa ett antal observationer kring utmaningar inom sektorn, för våra lärosäten och individer men också visa på möjligheter för våra lärosäten genom att ta upp några tänkbara verktyg, arbetssätt och rekommendationer för utveckling av samverkansmeritering.Huvudbudskapen i denna rapport är att sektorn behöver skapa en tydligare och mer preciserad begreppsbildning relaterat till ”samverkan” och samverkansmeriter. Lärosätena behöver utveckla ett mer integrerat och strukturerat sätt att arbeta med samverkansmeriter genom hela rekrytering- och befordringsprocessen, då förståelse av samverkansmeriter och praxis fortfarande är underutvecklat. Lärosätena behöver vidare utveckla stöd för forskare och lärare i att kunna sammanställa och dokumentera samverkansmeriter, separat eller integrerat med övriga meriter. En verkningsfull, flerspråkig begreppsapparat och förståelse men även efterfrågan på samverkansmeriter behöver utvecklas gemensamt av sektorns alla aktörer och vid varje lärosäte.Rapporten riktar sig i första hand till två målgrupper:1.Personer och funktioner vid lärosäten som har ansvar för eller leder utvecklingsarbete kopplat till meritering och kompetensförsörjning på olika nivåer (dekaner, utvecklingsledare, HR specialister, ordförande i rekryteringskommittéer eller motsvarande samt olika former av samverkansstöd). För dessa innehåller rapporten resonemang, rekommendationer och konkreta verktyg som kan användas som utgångspunkt för dialog och utveckling av samverkansmeritering vid lärosäten.2.Ledningsfunktioner vid lärosäten, myndigheter samt sektorsintressenter. För dessa kan rapporten ge ökad kunskap om tillståndet för samverkansmeritering vid svenska lärosäten och insikter om möjligheter för utveckling.Projektet har tagit fram ett utbildningsmaterial för att stödja fortsatt utvecklingsarbete på olika nivåer vid lärosäten samt en vägledning för att dokumentera och beskriva samverkansmeriter. Vägledningen kan användas för inspiration till lärare och forskare som vill sammanställa sina samverkansmeriter. De verktyg som presenteras i vägledningen kan också användas vid kompetensplanering, bedömningssituationer och medarbetarsamtal.Förhoppningen är att MerSam-projektet och denna rapport, dialog inom och mellan lärosäten samt mellan lärosäten och sektorsintressenter, bidrar till fortsatt utveckling av samverkansmeritering samt till att skapa en gemensam uppfattning om vad det betyder att meritera sig inom ramen för samverkansuppgiften.
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| 25. |
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Close and Distant : Political Executive-Media Relations in Four Countries
- 2019. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book explores the interplay between government and media drawing on unique evidence from, and in-depth analysis of, four national cases: Finland, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden. Based on the chapters dedicated to each country, five additional chapters address the following cross-national themes: government communication, social media, formality/informality in journalist-source relations, mediatisation of politics, and political communication culture.The book reveals what really goes on between the political executive and the media in everyday practices within these countries. First, it uncovers a process of mediated political-cultural change within media-political systems. Second, it illustrates the work- ings of prime ministerial power and communication aides at this apex of political power and the media and those who work there. Third, it examines both the struggle within governing institutions to control the flow of information and the tensions between civil servants and political aides, and takes the reader through the four media-political con- texts rooted in a deep knowledge of these relationships.The result is an illuminating and original analysis of politics, political communication, media and journalism, and offers greater understanding of the realities of government – and democracy – and media in practice as well as the role of media within contemporary politics.
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| 26. |
- Dahl, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic behavior and characterization of (CuO)1-z(La2O3)z/2 based catalysts deposited on γ-Al2O3 and prepared in situ with 0.0≤z≤1.00 with and without addition of Pd
- 1996
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Ingår i: Catalysis Letters. - 1572-879X .- 1011-372X. ; 37:1-2, s. 69-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (CuO)(1-z)(La2O3)(z/2) based catalysts with 0.0 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 1.0 supported on gamma-Al2O3 have been prepared in situ and the phases formed have been identified by XRD, SEM and TEM/EDS studies. The catalyst with z = 0.5 exhibited the best catalytic activity for oxidation of CO (T-50 = 295 and 390 degrees C with degrees of conversions of 93 and 92% at 450 degrees C under rich and lean conditions, respectively) and C3H6 (291 and 414 degrees C; 93 and 83%) and reduction of NO (405 degrees C; 60 and 0%). This catalyst contained appreciable amounts of the perovskite phase LaAl1-xCuxO3 and the enhanced catalytic properties are ascribed to the presence of this phase. Addition of Pd to this catalyst implied that the degree of conversion of NO increased and that the light-off temperatures for all involved gas species decreased. Ageing experiments revealed that LaAl1-xCuxO3 decomposed and that Cu containing Pd particles were formed during this procedure which in turn deteriorated the catalytic properties of the catalyst.
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| 27. |
- Ederth, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of Zoospores of Ulva linza with Arginine-Rich Oligopeptide Monolayers
- 2009
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 25:16, s. 9375-9383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently reported oil the strong interactions of zoospores of the green alga, Ulva linza with all arginine-rich oligopeptide self-assembled monolayer (SAM) [Biofouling 2008, 24, 303-312], where the arginine-rich peptide induced not only high spore settlement, but also a form of abnormal settlement, or "pseudo-settlement", whereby it proportion of spores do not go through the normal process of surface exploration, adhesive exocytosis, and loss of flagella. Further. it was demonstrated that both the total number of settled spores and the fraction of pseudosettled spores were related to the surface density of the arginine-rich peptide. Here we present a further investigation of the interactions of zoospores of ulva with a set of oligomeric, de nom designed, arginine-rich peptides, specifically aimed to test the effect of peptide primary structure on the interaction. Via variations in the peptide length and by permutations in the amino acid sequences, we gain further insight into the spore-surface interactions. The interpretation of the biological assays is supported by physicochemical characterization of the SAMs using infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurement. Results confirm the importance of arginine residues for the anomalous pseudosettlement, and we found that settlement is modulated by variations in both the total length and peptide primary structure. To elucidate the Causes of the anomalous settlement and the possible relation to peptide-membrane interactions, we also compared the settlement of the "naked" zoospores of Ulva(which present it lipoprotein membrane to the exterior without a discrete polysaccharide cell wall), with the settlement of diatoms (unicellular algae that are surrounded by it silica cell wall), onto the peptide SAMs. Cationic SAMs do not notably affect settlement (attachment), adhesion strength, or viability of diatom cells, Suggesting that the effect of the peptides on zoospores of Ulva is mediated via specific peptide-membrane interactions.
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| 28. |
- Eggers, Kai M., et al.
(författare)
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High-sensitive troponin T and I are related to invasive hemodynamic data and mortality in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction and precapillary pulmonary hypertension
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-8981 .- 1873-3492. ; 412:17-18, s. 1582-1588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High-sensitive (hs) cardiac troponin assays are clinically useful in various cardiac conditions. We aimed to extend current evidence by assessing the relations of hs-cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and I (hs-cTnI) to invasive hemodynamic data and outcome in stable patients with left-ventricular (LV) dysfunction or precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PAH). Methods: Hs-cTnT (Roche Diagnostics) and hs-cTnI (Beckman-Coulter) were measured in 103 stable patients with LV-dysfunction and 56 patients with precapillary PAH referred for right-heart catheterization. Results: Up to 47.6% of patients with LV-dysfunction, and up to 37.5% of patients with precapillary PAH had hs-troponin levels above the respective 99th percentiles. In patients with LV-dysfunction, both hs-troponins exhibited significant associations to hemodynamics, NT-proBNP and mortality (hs-cTnT: age/sex-adjusted HR 2.0 [95% CI 1.3-3.1]: hs-cTnI: age/sex-adjusted HR 1.9 [1.2-2.8]). Both hs-troponins demonstrated weaker associations to hemodynamics in patients with precapillary PAH but correlated significantly to NT-proBNP. Mortality was only predicted by hs-cTnI (age/sex-adjusted HR 3.0 [1.5-6.1]). Conclusions: Hs-troponins are related to indices of impaired myocardial performance in patients with LV-dysfunction and precapillary PAH. Both hs-troponins were also predictive for mortality in patients with LV-dysfunction. In precapillary PAH, only hs-cTnI was independently prognostic which might depend on the superior analytical performance of this assay.
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| 29. |
- Ekholm, David
(författare)
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Sport as a Means of Responding to Social Problems : Rationales of Government, Welfare and Social Change
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sport has been increasingly recognized in social policy as a means of steering social change and as a method for responding to diverse social problems. The present study examines how rationales of social change are formed through ‘sport as a means of responding to social problems’. Four research questions are posed: (1) How is it that sport can be thought of and articulated as a means of responding to social problems? (2) How are sport practices assumed to operate as a means of responding to social problems? (3) How are social problems represented when sport is promoted as a means of response? (4) What conduct, subjectivity and citizen competences are shaped within this regime of practice? The study focuses on the government of subjects’ conduct, the formation of community and delineation of domains subjected to social change. The gradual shifts in the governmental rationality of the Swedish welfare state provide a framework for the study. Two kinds of empirical material are investigated. Initially, scientific knowledge is analysed; after this, a sport-based intervention, conducted in cooperation between a social entrepreneur, municipality and local sport clubs, is examined. In relation to scientific discourse, research on sport for social objectives would benefit from more theoretically driven constructionist perspectives related to welfare state transformations. In scientific discourse, rationales of social change in sport are conceived of as individual attainment of skills, competences and powers that are presumably transferable to other social spheres. Such discourse represents problems as individual problems. With respect to the sport-based intervention, individual change is promoted by representatives of the social entrepreneur in terms of providing subjects with motivational powers, which are shaped by role models and applied in “choosing the right track”. By representing problems as risks, avoidance is formed as an individual opportunity. This positions subjects as being responsible for their own welfare and inclusion. Municipal policy makers view the intervention as a way to form community and social cohesion in response to tensions in society. They present sport (and the social entrepreneur) as a way to mobilize and activate civil society – which is associated with the potency of voluntarism, authentic leadership and personal relations based on common identity. Consequently, responsibility for responding to social problems is spread and elements of de-professionalized social work are imposed. To conclude, sport is conceptualized as a means of responding to social problems because sport practices are associated with individual agency and with an active civil society and moral community. The technologies and rationality of social change point out ‘the self’, ‘the community’ and ‘the place’ as locations where social change is possible, rather than the whole of society. For instance, the technologies of social change are based on activation and responsibilization of ‘the self’ and of ‘the community’. These rationales of social change are based on a critique of welfarist governmentality and of the idea of governing from ‘the social’ point of view. Arguably, such discourse obscures more profound social reform. The study provides some empirical explorations illustrating how a range of tendencies and mutations in the governmental rationality of the welfare state and of social work are manifested in ‘sport as a means of responding to social problems’.
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| 30. |
- Fahlgren, Siv, et al.
(författare)
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Having Your Cake and Eating It? : The “Painful Cake” Incident of 2012 Examined
- 2015
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Ingår i: Konsthistorisk Tidskrift. - : Routledge. - 0023-3609 .- 1651-2294. ; 84:1, s. 55-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the 15th of April, 2012, The Modern Museum (Modernamuseet) in Stockholm celebrated the World Art Day by having a reception with the Swedish cultural minister present, at which an artwork in the form of a cake made in the likeness of the body of a caricatured black woman was served, cut up and eaten, while the artist, masked as the cakes head, screamed. This conceptual, relational, and contextualizing artwork, which leads to a much heated debate in Sweden and which was also internationally picked up on, was made by the explicitly anti-racist artist Makode Linde. In this article, we explore the problem of this event in terms of its sociocultural significance. How did we react upon the drama that we were following from a distance? What did it make us see? What questions did the incident raise about the Swedish society of today? These are examples of the questions we as gender researchers working in Sweden will discuss in the form of a triptych. We use the triptych metaphor as a tool for opening dialogue. By opening its panels it becomes possible to decommodify the single image of the artwork and make relations between agents traceable, visible, and readable.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Giritli Nygren, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Gamla mönster och nya utmaningar : Kartläggning av kvinnors och mäns livs- och arbetsvillkor i Jämtlands och Västernorrlands Län
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport visar att såväl Jämtland som Västernorrland har en könssegregeradarbetsmarknad. Detta gäller både den vertikala könssegregeringen, d.v.s. att män istörre utsträckning innehar chefsposter, och den horisontella könssegregeringen, d.v.s.att större delen av arbetsmarknaderna i Västernorrland och Jämtland utgörs av yrkensom i huvudsak innehas av antingen män eller kvinnor. Även i sociala sfären återfinns ettojämlikt förhållande mellan män och kvinnor. Kvinnor tar ut en mycket större del avföräldraförsäkringen och är sjukskrivna i en större utsträckning än män. Kvinnor är ocksåi regel mer utbildade än män men har trots detta genomgående en lägre lön.Rapporten visar också att det finns tydliga regionala skillnader. Dels så skiljer sig de bådalänen åt i flertalet hänseenden, dels så skiljer de sig från genomsnittet i Sverige. Ettexempel på detta är att Jämtland har en större andel kvinnliga chefer än såväl rikssnittetsom Västernorrland. Ett annat exempel är att skillnaden mellan löneinkomster mellankönen är lägre i Jämtland än i Västernorrland och Sverige som helhet. En generell trendkan skönjas där Jämtland visar upp en något högre jämställdhet än rikssnittet samtidigtsom Västernorrland visar upp en lägre grad av jämställdhet som i de flesta fall ligger iparitet med eller något under rikssnittet. Följaktligen kan två slutsatser dras. (1)Jämställdarbetet måste fortsatt vara en prioritet för att vidare stärka de bägge länensattraktionskraft och utvecklingspotential. (2) De insatser som görs måste vara regionaltkänsliga, d.v.s. beakta länets specifika karaktär och historia, för att få en stark ochlångvarig effekt på jämställdheten.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Glimelius, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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U-CAN : a prospective longitudinal collection of biomaterials and clinical information from adult cancer patients in Sweden.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Progress in cancer biomarker discovery is dependent on access to high-quality biological materials and high-resolution clinical data from the same cases. To overcome current limitations, a systematic prospective longitudinal sampling of multidisciplinary clinical data, blood and tissue from cancer patients was therefore initiated in 2010 by Uppsala and Umeå Universities and involving their corresponding University Hospitals, which are referral centers for one third of the Swedish population.Material and Methods: Patients with cancer of selected types who are treated at one of the participating hospitals are eligible for inclusion. The healthcare-integrated sampling scheme encompasses clinical data, questionnaires, blood, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, diagnostic slides and radiology bioimaging data.Results: In this ongoing effort, 12,265 patients with brain tumors, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematological malignancies, lung cancers, neuroendocrine tumors or prostate cancers have been included until the end of 2016. From the 6914 patients included during the first five years, 98% were sampled for blood at diagnosis, 83% had paraffin-embedded and 58% had fresh frozen tissues collected. For Uppsala County, 55% of all cancer patients were included in the cohort.Conclusions: Close collaboration between participating hospitals and universities enabled prospective, longitudinal biobanking of blood and tissues and collection of multidisciplinary clinical data from cancer patients in the U-CAN cohort. Here, we summarize the first five years of operations, present U-CAN as a highly valuable cohort that will contribute to enhanced cancer research and describe the procedures to access samples and data.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Granberg, Magnus
(författare)
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Care in revolt : Labor conflict, gender, neoliberalism
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis is an exploration of normalization processes and the problem of appropriation in labor conflict. More specifically, it analyses the way contemporary labor conflicts in nursing relate to, and thereby help to illuminate, changes in modes of gender normalization under neoliberalism, and how nurse labor conflict thereby sheds light on wider patterns of labor strife. Analysis shows how a “virtue script” bound up with long-lasting patterns of gender normalization in nursing becomes tangled with forms of abstract labor related to “new public management” reform. Although the restructuring of work threatens public professionals’ autonomy, at the same time, it provides opportunities for resistance through collective action. What is more, this restructuring process facilitates the appropriation by nurses and, by implication, other public workers, of the discourses and ideals that belonged to the ethos of the Keynesian welfare state. However, this is a contradictory process, since the discourses and ideals thus appropriated inhere in modes of labor exploitation and normalization. Analysis indicates that although appropriation risks to reinforce gendered and exploitative ideas about work, the strategy can be a lever of collective mobilization, and one of its possible outcomes is the radical transformation of the entities it takes possession of. This interview study is mainly based on four journal articles, attending to different aspects of an act of collective resignation taken by registered nurses at a Swedish hospital ward. This is an emerging form of collective action and the thesis provides one of the first analyses of this new grassroots and workplace-based phenomenon, which may be considered its particular empirical contribution. On the other hand, the chapters of the cover essay unfold a sustained argument on normalization and appropriation, thereby elaborating theoretical themes broached in the articles. The focal point of this discussion is a certain concept of form, deployed in Marxist and feminist theory, a concept pointing to the identity of thought-forms and practically enacted forms. Further, these forms migrate: they are evoked in practices wherein “the mind is not active as sentient” (Hegel), later to be projected by the mind onto different entities. The results of the discussion thus question common approaches to normalization. In particular, it is untenable to oppose a tacit and internal mode of control where individuals are induced to comply by attaching to identifications (by becoming/being made into subjects) to an overt and external mode reliant on sheer coercion. This matter–form dichotomy should be dissolved, and modes of coercion should be understood to leave subjective imprints—not at the level of identity but at the level of thought’s infrastructure, that is, form.
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| 37. |
- Granberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Paradoxes of Anti-austerity Protest : Matters of Neoliberalism, Gender, and Subjectivity in a Case of Collective Resignation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : Wiley. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 24:1, s. 56-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses an episode of collective resignation. Carried out mainly by specialist nurses, this is a proliferating form of worker protest in Sweden that poses a challenge to austerity policy and emerges in a specific industrial-relations context. Mobilizing for collective resignation, activist nurses navigate terrains of neoliberal governance, marketization and flexible labour-market dynamics. The collective resignation is also a form of action underpinned by a discourse of gender equality. Our analysis, which attends to the co-emergence of gendering and subject formation in the narratives of a group of activists and to the use of gender-equality rhetoric in framing collective action, shows how opportunities for collective action arise that also restrain the exercise of agency. In this case, subject formation included contrasting nursing to tropes of archetypical militant workers and negotiating tensions between care and collective action. This involved reproducing and challenging established forms of gendering.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Grundström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Increased expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in muscle biopsies from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 162:2, s. 169-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA were studied in muscle biopsies from five patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), six patients with other neuromuscular diseases and eight healthy control persons. All five patients with ALS had higher GDNF mRNA expressions in their biopsies than the healthy control group (almost a three fold increase). Among the other patients only one, who had a rapidly progressing toxic polyneuropathy, showed a GDNF mRNA expression above those of the controls. The BDNF mRNA expressions in the biopsies from the ALS patients were in the same range as those from the healthy controls, although the mean value of the ALS patients was higher. The only biopsy that showed a markedly higher BDNF mRNA expression was taken from one patient with progressive muscular atrophy. These results suggest that increased GDNF mRNA expression in muscle is an unspecific response to ongoing denervation and that this response is maintained in ALS, at least temporarily. If increased GDNF mRNA in muscle proves to be a constant finding in ALS the rationale for the use of GDNF as a therapeutic agent in ALS must be questioned.
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| 40. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Information Utilization (AIU)
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 9:3, s. 255-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of information utilization (AIU) is a method for describing and analyzing how information entities identified in information analysis are being used in the work situation. AIU aims at complementing existing methods for user interface design by identifying additional requirements for human-computer interaction. The method focuses on aspects, of computer-supported work, related to cognitive load, aspects of which end users often not are explicitly aware. For skilled workers in a professional work environment, the efficiency of the user interface is extremely important. We earlier stressed that important criteria for design of user interfaces deals with making the interface "obvious" to the users, by minimizing the cognitive load associated with the handling of it. AIU is performed through observation interviews in which human-computer experts interview representative users about their work situation and observe physical information-handling routines. The analysis identifies work tasks in terms of judgments and decision-making situations, requirements concerning the tasks that may have to be performed simultaneously, important features and priorities of the information, actions the user can initiate and so on. The method supports the interface designer with human-computer interaction requirements structured for a workspace-oriented design. It is integrated in user-centered development model and supports the simultaneous development of competence, organization, work activity, and information technology. This article describes the background and contents of the method and how the results of the analysis are documented and used in the design process. A number of application projects have shown that AIU makes it possible to capture aspects of human work and information processing that are important to the design of better interfaces. AIU is not a new method for system development but complements today methods for task and information analysis with more...
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| 41. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of information utilization (AIU)
- 1997
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION. - 1044-7318. ; 9:3, s. 255-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of information utilisation (AIU) is a method for specifying how information entities encountered in information analysis are being physically manipulated in the work situation undergoing analysis. It focuses especially on factors affecting cognitive load. The method supports the human-computer interface designer with relevant and appropriate information structured specifically for a document oriented design methodology. It gives a suitable basis for user centred interface design, without the possible limitations that improper user participation could cause, and focuses on all aspects relevant for a ”good” work environment, such as competence, organisation, work activity and information technology development.Analysis of information utilisation is performed through ”observation-interviews” in which a human-computer expert interviews a typical user about his work situation in the domain of work and observes information handling routines that the user might not be aware of. A number of development projects have shown that this method can constitute an additional step in existing methodologies for capturing aspects of the work situation that can be directly design controlling. This paper describes the method of analysis of information utilisation, and what information that has to be documented while performing the method. It suggests how the method can be incorporated into existing in-house development methodologies, and gives an example of documented analysis results from a development project within the Swedish National Tax Board.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hordoir, Robinson, et al.
(författare)
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Nemo-Nordic 1.0 : a NEMO-based ocean model for the Baltic and North seas - research and operational applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 12:1, s. 363-386
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, the Baltic and North seas and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts and enabling climatic studies are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to be a tool for both short-term and long-term simulations and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain and the inclusion of the two seas are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short-term capabilities of the model are presented, especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer timescales, with a focus on the major Baltic inflows and the variability in deep-water salinity in the Baltic Sea.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hult, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a high-repetition-rate laser diagnostic system for single-cycle-resolved imaging in internal combustion engines
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 41:24, s. 5002-5014
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-repetition-rate laser-induced fluorescence measurements of fuel and OH concentrations in internal combustion engines are demonstrated. Series of as many as eight fluorescence images, with a temporal resolution ranging from 10 mus to 1 ms, are acquired within one engine cycle. A multiple-laser system in combination with a multiple-CCD camera is used for cycle-resolved imaging in spark-ignition, direct-injection stratified-charge, and homogeneous-charge compression-ignition engines. The recorded data reveal unique information on cycle-to-cycle variations in fuel transport and combustion. Moreover, the imaging system in combination with a scanning mirror is used to perform instantaneous three-dimensional fuel-concentration measurements.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Hultman, Bo, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study of incidence of peritoneal metastases and prognostic factors in patients with loco-regionally advanced gastric cancer
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose The aim was to investigate epidemiological and prognostic factors as a knowledge base for the treatment of patients with loco-regionally advanced gastric cancer (GC). Methods In Uppsala County between 2000 and 2009, two hundred and fifty-five patients with GC were identified. Data from patient records were analyzed for loco-regionally advanced GC, defined as tumor invading the parietal and/or visceral peritoneum, including peritoneal metastasis but excluding serosal invasion from the primary tumor only, at primary diagnosis or during follow-up. Presence or absence of distant metastasis (DM) in these patients was also assessed. Results One hundred and twenty patients (47% of all patients with GC) experienced loco-regionally advanced disease. Forty-one percent also had DM. Median overall survival (mOS) from diagnosis of local-regionally advanced disease was 4.8 months for the whole group of patients, 5.1 months for the subgroup of patients without DM and 4.7 months for the subgroup with DM. Using multivariate Cox analysis, positive prognostic factors for survival identified were good performance status and treatment with palliative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Synchronous DM was a negative predictive factor. The mOS did not differ between the first and second time period. Discussion Peritoneal metastasis from GC is more common than previously reported. The lack of improvement in OS over the past decade signals a need for new treatment strategies.
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| 49. |
- Hultman, Bo, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking of gastric cancer sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs ex vivo as a basis for drug selection in systemic and intraperitoneal therapy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-9966. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The choice of drugs for treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC) is empirical. The purpose of the current study was to benchmark ex vivo the sensitivity of GC tumor cells from patients to standard cytotoxic and some newly introduced targeted drugs (TDs), as a basis for drug selection in the treatment of GC.Methods Tumor cell samples from patients with GC were analyzed for sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, mitomycin C, doxorubicin and docetaxel as well as for the targeted drugs bortezomib, sorafenib, sunitinib and rapamycin using a short-term in vitro assay based on retention of viable tumor cells of fluorescent fluorescein. Samples of normal mononuclear cells, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer were included for comparison.Results The GC samples were essentially as sensitive to the standard drugs and the TDs as those from colorectal cancer whereas the ovarian cancer samples were more sensitive. The individual GC samples varied considerably in sensitivity to increasing concentrations of the clinically used standard drugs. In GC, cisplatin was cross-resistant to oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil which, on the other hand, was not cross-resistant to the other cytotoxic drugs. The activity of sunitinib did not obviously correlate to that of the standard drugs.Conclusion Ex vivo assessment of drug sensitivity of tumor cells from patients with GC is feasible and may provide information that could be useful for selection of drugs for treatment. Drug sensitivity varies considerably between and within individual samples arguing for individualized selection of drugs for chemotherapy.
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| 50. |
- Hultman, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Phase II study of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer treated with preoperative systemic chemotherapy followed by peritonectomy and intraperitoneal chemotherapy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 52:4, s. 824-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy followed by cytoreductive surgery (CRS), hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer.Material and methodsEighteen patients (median age 57 years, range 38-74) were scheduled for three months' neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy followed by CRS + HIPEC + EPIC.ResultsAt the time of surgery, the peritoneal tumor burden was extensive with tumor growth on the entire peritoneal cavity. Only eight patients received the entire treatment and OS was 14.3 months (range 6.1-34.3, 95% CI 6.6-20.3). Six patients had macroscopically radical (CC0) surgery and for this subgroup OS was 19.1 months (range 6.1-34.3, 95% CI 6.9-27.1). Postoperative 90-day mortality was 10% (one patient) and the perioperative grades II-IV adverse events (AE) rate was 62.5%.DiscussionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CRS + HIPEC + EPIC does not seem to be associated with prolonged OS in patients with extensive PC growth from gastric cancer unless macroscopically radical surgery is achieved. However, morbidity from this treatment is considerable and it cannot be recommended for routine care until a prospective randomized trial has been performed.
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