| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Anney, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide scan for common alleles affecting risk for autism.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 19:20, s. 4072-4082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10(-8). When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10(-8) threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C.
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| 4. |
- Anney, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorders.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 21:21, s. 4781-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While it is apparent that rare variation can play an important role in the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the contribution of common variation to ASD risk is less clear. To produce a more comprehensive picture, we report Stage 2 of the Autism Genome Project genome-wide association study, adding 1301 ASD families and bringing the total to 2705 families analysed (Stages 1 and 2). In addition to evaluating association of individual SNPs, we also sought evidence that common variants, en masse, might affect risk. Despite genotyping over a million SNPs covering the genome, no single SNP shows significant association with ASD or selected phenotypes at a genome-wide level. The SNP that achieves the smallest p-value from secondary analyses is rs1718101. It falls in CNTNAP2, a gene previously implicated in susceptibility for ASD. This SNP also shows modest association with age of word/phrase acquisition in ASD subjects, of interest because features of language development are also associated with other variation in CNTNAP2. By contrast, allele-scores derived from the transmission of common alleles to Stage 1 cases significantly predict case-status in the independent Stage 2 sample. Despite being significant, the variance explained by these allele scores was small (Vm< 1%). Based on results from individual SNPs and their en masse effect on risk, as inferred from the allele-score results, it is reasonable to conclude that common variants affect ASD risk but their individual effects are modest.
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| 5. |
- Casey, Jillian P, et al.
(författare)
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A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 131:4, s. 565-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequency amongst ASD patients compared to parental controls. The analysis was performed on 1,402 Autism Genome Project trios genotyped for 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 25 known and 1,218 novel ASD candidate genes in the discovery analysis including CADM2, ABHD14A, CHRFAM7A, GRIK2, GRM3, EPHA3, FGF10, KCND2, PDZK1, IMMP2L and FOXP2. Furthermore, 10 of the previously reported ASD genes and 300 of the novel candidates identified in the discovery analysis were replicated in an independent sample of 1,182 trios. Our results demonstrate that regions of HH are significantly enriched for previously reported ASD candidate genes and the observed association is independent of gene size (odds ratio 2.10). Our findings highlight the applicability of HH mapping in complex disorders such as ASD and offer an alternative approach to the analysis of genome-wide association data.
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| 6. |
- Pinto, Dalila, et al.
(författare)
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Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 466:7304, s. 368-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability. Although ASDs are known to be highly heritable ( approximately 90%), the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. Here we analysed the genome-wide characteristics of rare (<1% frequency) copy number variation in ASD using dense genotyping arrays. When comparing 996 ASD individuals of European ancestry to 1,287 matched controls, cases were found to carry a higher global burden of rare, genic copy number variants (CNVs) (1.19 fold, P = 0.012), especially so for loci previously implicated in either ASD and/or intellectual disability (1.69 fold, P = 3.4 x 10(-4)). Among the CNVs there were numerous de novo and inherited events, sometimes in combination in a given family, implicating many novel ASD genes such as SHANK2, SYNGAP1, DLGAP2 and the X-linked DDX53-PTCHD1 locus. We also discovered an enrichment of CNVs disrupting functional gene sets involved in cellular proliferation, projection and motility, and GTPase/Ras signalling. Our results reveal many new genetic and functional targets in ASD that may lead to final connected pathways.
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| 7. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Abbasi, R., et al.
(författare)
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SEARCH FOR HIGH-ENERGY MUON NEUTRINOS FROM THE "NAKED-EYE" GRB 080319B WITH THE IceCube NEUTRINO TELESCOPE
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 701:2, s. 1721-1731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a search with the IceCube detector for high-energy muon neutrinos from GRB 080319B, one of the brightest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) ever observed. The fireball model predicts that a mean of 0.1 events should be detected by IceCube for a bulk Lorentz boost of the jet of 300. In both the direct on-time window of 66 s and an extended window of about 300 s around the GRB, no excess was found above background. The 90% CL upper limit on the number of track-like events from the GRB is 2.7, corresponding to a muon neutrino fluence limit of 9.5 x 10(-3) erg cm(-2) in the energy range between 120 TeV and 2.2 PeV, which contains 90% of the expected events.
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| 9. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the gluon fragmentation function and a comparison of the scaling violation in gluon and quark jets
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 13:4, s. 573-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fragmentation functions of quarks and gluons are measured in various three-jet topologies in Z decays from the full data set collected with the DELPHI detector at the Z resonance between 1992 and 995. The results at different values of transverse momentum-like scales are compared. A parameterization of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions at a fixed reference scale is given. The quark and gluon fragmentation functions show the predicted pattern of scaling violations. The scaling violation for quark jets as a function of a transverse momentum-like scale is in a good agreement with that observed in lower energy e+e- annihilation experiments. For gluon jets it appears to be significantly stronger. The scale dependences of the gluon and quark fragmentation functions agree with the prediction of the DGLAP evolution equations from which the colour factor ratio CA/CF is measured to be: CA/CF = 2.26 ± 0.09stat. ± 0.06sys. ± 0.12clus.,scale..
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| 10. |
- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Study of dimuon production in photon-photon collisions and measurement of QED photon structure functions at LEP
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 19:1, s. 15-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muon pair production in the process e+e- → e+e- μ+μ- is studied using the data taken at LEP1 (√s ≃ mz) with the DELPHI detector during the years 1992-1995. The corresponding integrated luminosity is 138.5 pb-1. The QED predictions have been tested over the whole Q2 range accessible at LEP1 (from several GeV2/c4 to several hundred GeV2/c4) by comparing experimental distributions with distributions resulting from Monte Carlo simulations using various generators. Selected events are used to extract the leptonic photon structure function Fγ 2. Azimuthal correlations are used to obtain information on additional structure functions, Fγ A and Fγ B, which originate from interference terms of the scattering amplitudes. The measured ratios Fγ A/Fγ 2 and FγB/Fγ 2 are significantly different from zero and consistent with QED predictions.
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| 11. |
- Al-Chalabi, Ammar, et al.
(författare)
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July 2017 ENCALS statement on edaravone
- 2017
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Ingår i: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2167-8421 .- 2167-9223. ; 18:7-8, s. 471-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
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| 12. |
- Axelsson, Carl-Anton Werner, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Bad News in the civics classroom : How serious gameplay fosters teenagers’ ability to discern misinformation techniques
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Research on Technology in Education. - : Routledge. - 1539-1523 .- 1945-0818. ; , s. 1-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the serious game Bad News has been used to inoculate citizens against misinformation, it has not been formally evaluated in traditional classrooms. We therefore evaluated its impact on 516 upper-secondary Swedish students playing individually, paired, or with the whole class. Results show that students improved their ability to discern manipulation techniques in social media posts. Students with prior positive attitudes to credible news sources were better discerners, and this attitude became significantly more positive post-intervention. Rationales for identifying manipulative techniques increased among those who improved their credibility ratings pre-to post-intervention. Lastly, enjoyment of and interest in the intervention was higher in the whole-class setting. This study offers insights for educators on using serious games in formal teaching to foster media and information literacy.
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| 13. |
- Axelsson, Carl-Anton Werner, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning How to Separate Fake From Real News : Scalable Digital Tutorials Promoting Students’ Civic Online Reasoning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Future Internet. - : MDPI. - 1999-5903. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rise of misinformation, there is a great need for scalable educational interventions supporting students’ abilities to determine the trustworthiness of digital news. We address this challenge in our study by developing an online intervention tool based on tutorials in civic online reasoning that aims to teach adolescents how to critically assess online information comprising text, videos and images. Our findings from an online intervention with 209 upper secondary students highlight how observational learning and feedback support their ability to read laterally and improve their performance in determining the credibility of digital news and social media posts.
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| 14. |
- Björk, Oscar, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Barn skriver historia: En studie av fjärdeklassares skrivande i historieämnet
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordidactica. - Karlstad : CSD Karlstad. - 2000-9879. ; 10:2020:2, s. 73-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we analyze subject specific content in texts written in history education in school year 4 in a Swedish context. The study employs two different approaches to (text) content analysis: Analysis of representation of an historic vis-à-vis a practical perspective on the past, and analysis of the specific linguistic construals of the texts, based on a systemic functional linguistics approach. The results from the analyses are then compared to enable a synergetic account of the specific linguistic fabrics of the two historical perspectives. The results show that there are key differences in how the historical vis-à-vis the practical perspective on the past are linguistically construed, thus highlighting the intricacies of writing in history education. These findings are significant for researchers and teachers interested in furthering emergent historical literacy in early school years.
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| 15. |
- Chaste, Pauline, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variations of the melatonin pathway in patients with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorders.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Pineal Research. - 0742-3098 .- 1600-079X. ; 51:4, s. 394-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and a synchronizer of many physiological processes. Alteration in melatonin signaling has been reported in a broad range of diseases, but little is known about the genetic variability of this pathway in humans. Here, we sequenced all the genes of the melatonin pathway -AA-NAT, ASMT, MTNR1A, MTNR1B and GPR50 - in 321 individuals from Sweden including 101 patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 220 controls from the general population. We could find several damaging mutations in patients with ADHD, but no significant enrichment compared with the general population. Among these variations, we found a splice site mutation in ASMT (IVS5+2T>C) and one stop mutation in MTNR1A (Y170X) - detected exclusively in patients with ADHD - for which biochemical analyses indicated that they abolish the activity of ASMT and MTNR1A. These genetic and functional results represent the first comprehensive ascertainment of melatonin signaling deficiency in ADHD.
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| 16. |
- Chaste, Pauline, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of pathway-biased and deleterious melatonin receptor mutants in autism spectrum disorders and in the general population.
- 2010
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Ingår i: PloS One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and a synchronizer of many physiological processes. Alteration of the melatonin pathway has been reported in circadian disorders, diabetes and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, very little is known about the genetic variability of melatonin receptors in humans. Here, we sequenced the melatonin receptor MTNR1A and MTNR1B, genes coding for MT1 and MT2 receptors, respectively, in a large panel of 941 individuals including 295 patients with ASD, 362 controls and 284 individuals from different ethnic backgrounds. We also sequenced GPR50, coding for the orphan melatonin-related receptor GPR50 in patients and controls. We identified six non-synonymous mutations for MTNR1A and ten for MTNR1B. The majority of these variations altered receptor function. Particularly interesting mutants are MT1-I49N, which is devoid of any melatonin binding and cell surface expression, and MT1-G166E and MT1-I212T, which showed severely impaired cell surface expression. Of note, several mutants possessed pathway-selective signaling properties, some preferentially inhibiting the adenylyl cyclase pathway, others preferentially activating the MAPK pathway. The prevalence of these deleterious mutations in cases and controls indicates that they do not represent major risk factor for ASD (MTNR1A case 3.6% vs controls 4.4%; MTNR1B case 4.7% vs 3% controls). Concerning GPR50, we detected a significant association between ASD and two variations, Delta502-505 and T532A, in affected males, but it did not hold up after Bonferonni correction for multiple testing. Our results represent the first functional ascertainment of melatonin receptors in humans and constitute a basis for future structure-function studies and for interpreting genetic data on the melatonin pathway in patients.
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| 17. |
- Delorme, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Mutation screening of NOS1AP gene in a large sample of psychiatric patients and controls.
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 11:1:108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The gene encoding carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1AP) is located on chromosome 1q23.3, a candidate region for schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous genetic and functional studies explored the role of NOS1AP in these psychiatric conditions, but only a limited number explored the sequence variability of NOS1AP. METHODS: We analyzed the coding sequence of NOS1AP in a large population (n = 280), including patients with schizophrenia (n = 72), ASD (n = 81) or OCD (n = 34), and in healthy volunteers controlled for the absence of personal or familial history of psychiatric disorders (n = 93). RESULTS: Two non-synonymous variations, V37I and D423N were identified in two families, one with two siblings with OCD and the other with two brothers with ASD. These rare variations apparently segregate with the presence of psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Coding variations of NOS1AP are relatively rare in patients and controls. Nevertheless, we report the first non-synonymous variations within the human NOS1AP gene that warrant further genetic and functional investigations to ascertain their roles in the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.
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| 18. |
- Delorme, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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No human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene R441H mutation in a large cohort of psychiatric patients and control subjects.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223. ; 60:2, s. 202-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It was recently reported that a rare functional variant, R441H, in the human tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene (hTPH2) could represent an important risk factor for unipolar major depression (UP) since it was originally found in 10% of UP patients (vs. 1.4% in control subjects). METHODS: We explored the occurrence of this variation in patients with affective disorders (n = 646), autism spectrum disorders (n = 224), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 201); in healthy volunteers with no psychiatric disorders (n = 246); and in an ethnic panel of control individuals from North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, India, China, and Sweden (n = 277). RESULTS: Surprisingly, we did not observe the R441H variant in any of the individuals screened (3188 independent chromosomes). CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not confirm the role of the R441H mutation of the hTPH2 gene in the susceptibility to UP. The absence of the variant from a large cohort of psychiatric patients and control subjects suggests that the findings reported in the original study could be due to a genotyping error or to stratification of the initial population reported. Additional data by other groups should contribute to the clarification of the discrepancy between our results and those previous published.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Durand, Christelle M, et al.
(författare)
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Expression and genetic variability of PCDH11Y, a gene specific to Homo sapiens and candidate for susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. - : Wiley. - 1552-4841. ; 141:1, s. 67-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synaptogenesis, the formation of functional synapses, is a crucial step for the development of the central nervous system. Among the genes involved in this process are cell adhesion molecules, such as protocadherins and neuroligins, which are essential factors for the identification of the appropriate partner cell and the formation of synapses. In this work, we studied the expression and the genetic variability of two closely related members of the protocadherin family PCDH11X/Y, located on the X and the Y chromosome, respectively. PCDH11Y is one of the rare genes specific to the hominoid lineage, being absent in other primates. Expression analysis indicated that transcripts of the PCDH11X/Y genes are mainly detected in the cortex of the human brain. Mutation screening of 30 individuals with autism identified two PCDH11Y polymorphic amino acid changes, F885V and K980N. These variations are in complete association, appeared during human evolution approximately 40,000 years ago and represent informative polymorphisms to study Y chromosome variability in populations. We studied the frequency of these variants in males with autism spectrum disorders (n = 110), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 61), bipolar disorder (n = 61), obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 51), or schizophrenia (n = 61) and observed no significant differences when compared to ethnically-matched control populations. These findings do not support the role of PCDH11Y, or more generally of a frequent specific Y chromosome, in the susceptibility to these neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 21. |
- Durand, Christelle. M., et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorders.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 39:1, s. 25-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SHANK3 (also known as ProSAP2) regulates the structural organization of dendritic spines and is a binding partner of neuroligins; genes encoding neuroligins are mutated in autism and Asperger syndrome. Here, we report that a mutation of a single copy of SHANK3 on chromosome 22q13 can result in language and/or social communication disorders. These mutations concern only a small number of individuals, but they shed light on one gene dosage-sensitive synaptic pathway that is involved in autism spectrum disorders.
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| 22. |
- Ederth, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous settlement behavior of Ulva linza zoospores on cationic oligopeptide surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biofouling (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 24:4, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of settlement cues for marine fouling organisms opens up new strategies and methods for biofouling prevention, and enables the development of more effective antifouling materials. To this end, the settlement behaviour of zoospores of the green alga Ulva linza onto cationic oligopeptide self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been investigated. The spores interact strongly with lysine- and arginine-rich SAMs, and their settlement appears to be stimulated by these surfaces. Of particular interest is an arginine-rich oligopeptide, which is effective in attracting spores to the surface, but in a way which leaves a large fraction of the settled spores attached to the surface in an anomalous fashion. These 'pseudo-settled' spores are relatively easily detached from the surface and do not undergo the full range of cellular responses associated with normal commitment to settlement. This is a hitherto undocumented mode of settlement, and surface dilution of the arginine-rich peptide with a neutral triglycine peptide demonstrates that both normal and anomalous settlement is proportional to the surface density of the arginine-rich peptide. The settlement experiments are complemented with physical studies of the oligopeptide SAMs, before and after extended immersion in artificial seawater, using infrared spectroscopy, null ellipsometry and contact angle measurements.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ederth, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of Zoospores of Ulva linza with Arginine-Rich Oligopeptide Monolayers
- 2009
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 25:16, s. 9375-9383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently reported oil the strong interactions of zoospores of the green alga, Ulva linza with all arginine-rich oligopeptide self-assembled monolayer (SAM) [Biofouling 2008, 24, 303-312], where the arginine-rich peptide induced not only high spore settlement, but also a form of abnormal settlement, or "pseudo-settlement", whereby it proportion of spores do not go through the normal process of surface exploration, adhesive exocytosis, and loss of flagella. Further. it was demonstrated that both the total number of settled spores and the fraction of pseudosettled spores were related to the surface density of the arginine-rich peptide. Here we present a further investigation of the interactions of zoospores of ulva with a set of oligomeric, de nom designed, arginine-rich peptides, specifically aimed to test the effect of peptide primary structure on the interaction. Via variations in the peptide length and by permutations in the amino acid sequences, we gain further insight into the spore-surface interactions. The interpretation of the biological assays is supported by physicochemical characterization of the SAMs using infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurement. Results confirm the importance of arginine residues for the anomalous pseudosettlement, and we found that settlement is modulated by variations in both the total length and peptide primary structure. To elucidate the Causes of the anomalous settlement and the possible relation to peptide-membrane interactions, we also compared the settlement of the "naked" zoospores of Ulva(which present it lipoprotein membrane to the exterior without a discrete polysaccharide cell wall), with the settlement of diatoms (unicellular algae that are surrounded by it silica cell wall), onto the peptide SAMs. Cationic SAMs do not notably affect settlement (attachment), adhesion strength, or viability of diatom cells, Suggesting that the effect of the peptides on zoospores of Ulva is mediated via specific peptide-membrane interactions.
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| 25. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Glimelius, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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U-CAN : a prospective longitudinal collection of biomaterials and clinical information from adult cancer patients in Sweden.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Progress in cancer biomarker discovery is dependent on access to high-quality biological materials and high-resolution clinical data from the same cases. To overcome current limitations, a systematic prospective longitudinal sampling of multidisciplinary clinical data, blood and tissue from cancer patients was therefore initiated in 2010 by Uppsala and Umeå Universities and involving their corresponding University Hospitals, which are referral centers for one third of the Swedish population.Material and Methods: Patients with cancer of selected types who are treated at one of the participating hospitals are eligible for inclusion. The healthcare-integrated sampling scheme encompasses clinical data, questionnaires, blood, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, diagnostic slides and radiology bioimaging data.Results: In this ongoing effort, 12,265 patients with brain tumors, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematological malignancies, lung cancers, neuroendocrine tumors or prostate cancers have been included until the end of 2016. From the 6914 patients included during the first five years, 98% were sampled for blood at diagnosis, 83% had paraffin-embedded and 58% had fresh frozen tissues collected. For Uppsala County, 55% of all cancer patients were included in the cohort.Conclusions: Close collaboration between participating hospitals and universities enabled prospective, longitudinal biobanking of blood and tissues and collection of multidisciplinary clinical data from cancer patients in the U-CAN cohort. Here, we summarize the first five years of operations, present U-CAN as a highly valuable cohort that will contribute to enhanced cancer research and describe the procedures to access samples and data.
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| 28. |
- Gong, Xiaohong, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of ribosomal protein L10 gene in autism spectrum disorders.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with the male:female ratio of 4:1, implying the contribution of X chromosome genetic factors to the susceptibility of ASD. The ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) gene, located on chromosome Xq28, codes for a key protein in assembling large ribosomal subunit and protein synthesis. Two non-synonymous mutations of RPL10, L206M and H213Q, were identified in four boys with ASD. Moreover, functional studies of mutant RPL10 in yeast exhibited aberrant ribosomal profiles. These results provided a novel aspect of disease mechanisms for autism - aberrant processes of ribosome biosynthesis and translation. To confirm these initial findings, we re-sequenced RPL10 exons and quantified mRNA transcript level of RPL10 in our samples. METHODS: 141 individuals with ASD were recruited in this study. All RPL10 exons and flanking junctions were sequenced. Furthermore, mRNA transcript level of RPL10 was quantified in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) of 48 patients and 27 controls using the method of SYBR Green quantitative PCR. Two sets of primer pairs were used to quantify the mRNA expression level of RPL10: RPL10-A and RPL10-B. RESULTS: No non-synonymous mutations were detected in our cohort. Male controls showed similar transcript level of RPL10 compared with female controls (RPL10-A, U=81, P=0.7; RPL10-B, U=61.5, P=0.2). We did not observe any significant difference in RPL10 transcript levels between cases and controls (RPL10-A, U=531, P=0.2; RPL10-B, U=607.5, P=0.7). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that RPL10 has no major effect on the susceptibility to ASD.
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| 29. |
- Gong, Xiaohong, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of X chromosome inactivation in autism spectrum disorders.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics. - : Wiley. - 1552-485X .- 1552-4841. ; 147B:6, s. 830-835
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex genetic disorders more frequently observed in males. Skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is observed in heterozygous females carrying gene mutations involved in several X-linked syndromes. In this study, we aimed to estimate the role of X-linked genes in ASD susceptibility by ascertaining the XCI pattern in a sample of 543 informative mothers of children with ASD and in a sample of 163 affected girls. The XCI pattern was also determined in two control groups (144 adult females and 40 young females) with a similar age distribution to the mothers sample and affected girls sample, respectively. We observed no significant excess of skewed XCI in families with ASD. Interestingly, two mothers and one girl carrying known mutations in X-linked genes (NLGN3, ATRX, MECP2) showed highly skewed XCI, suggesting that ascertainment of XCI could reveal families with X-linked mutations. Linkage analysis was carried out in the subgroup of multiplex families with skewed XCI (> or = 80:20) and a modest increased allele sharing was obtained in the Xq27-Xq28 region, with a peak Z-score of 1.75 close to rs719489. In summary, our results suggest that there is no major X-linked gene subject to XCI and expressed in blood cells conferring susceptibility to ASD. However, the possibility that rare mutations in X-linked genes could contribute to ASD cannot be excluded. We propose that the XCI profile could be a useful criteria to prioritize families for mutation screening of X-linked candidate genes.
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| 30. |
- Guath, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Civic Online Reasoning Among Adults : An Empirical Evaluation of a Prescriptive Theory and Its Correlates
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2504-284X. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, the skill to read digital news in constructive ways is a pivotal part of informed citizenship. A large part of the research on digital literacy is dedicated to adolescents and not adults. In this study, we address this research gap. We investigated the abilities of 1222 Swedish adults to determine the credibility of false, biased, and credible digital news in relation to their background, education, attitudes, and self-reported skills. Their ability was operationalized as three components in the prescriptive theory of civic online reasoning. Results from a combined survey and performance test showed that the ability to determine the credibility of digital news is associated with higher education, educational orientation in humanities/arts, natural sciences, and technology, the incidence of sourcing at work, and appreciation of credible news. An SEM analysis confirmed that the items used to assess the different skills tapped into the theoretical constructs of civic online reasoning and that civic online reasoning was associated with a majority of the predictors in the analyses of the separate skills. The results provide unique evidence for a prescriptive theory of the skills needed to navigate online.
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| 31. |
- Högberg, Thomas, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic overview of chemotherapy effects in ovarian cancer
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 40:2-3, s. 340-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic review of chemotherapy trials in several tumour types was performed by The Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). The procedures for the evaluation of the scientific literature are described separately (Acta Oncol 2001, 40: 155-65). This overview on chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer is based on a total of 176 scientific reports. Five meta-analyses including 17 291 patients, 33 prospective randomised studies including 12 340 patients, 36 prospective studies including 3593 patients and one retrospective study including 421 patients. The studies include approximately 33 642 patients. The conclusions reached can be summarized into the following points: ò Radically operated patients with low-risk early ovarian cancer (stage IA or IB non-clear-cell well-differentiated carcinomas or borderline tumours) have a very good prognosis and there is no indication for adjuvant therapy. ò Radically operated patients with high-risk early ovarian cancer (clear cell carcinomas or FIGO stage IA or IB moderately or poorly differentiated carcinomas or stage IC) have a substantial risk for micrometastatic disease. However, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear and such therapy should, thus, only be used within clinical trials. ò The median overall survival for patients with advanced (FIGO stages II-IV) ovarian cancer randomised to paclitaxel/platinum-containing chemotherapy in three large studies ranged between 36-39 months. Compared with historical data, this represents a six to seven times longer median survival time than after surgery only. The probability for long-term survival for patients treated with a paclitaxel/platinum combination is too early to define. ò In two prospective randomised trials in advanced ovarian cancer, paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin has provided a survival benefit over cyclophosphamide/cisplatin. Based on these trials, paclitaxel/cisplatin is considered to be the standard treatment. ò This choice of standard therapy might, however, be questioned based on the results of the hitherto largest randomised study in advanced ovarian cancer, ICON3, which is, as yet only available in abstract form. It compared paclitaxel/carboplatin with carboplatin only or a platinum combination (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/cisplatin). There were no statistically significant differences in progression-free or overall survival. The drug regimen in the control arms of the previous studies showing superiority of the paclitaxel-cisplatin combination may not have been the optimal non-paclitaxel platinum-containing regimen. ò Three randomised studies have compared carboplatin/paclitaxel with cisplatin/paclitaxel. All three are hitherto only published as abstracts with short follow-up precluding survival analyses. None of them shows any difference in response rates. All three show less toxicity and one also better quality of life with carboplatin. Thus, there are preliminary data supporting the substitution of cisplatin with carboplatin. ò Intraperitoneal therapy with cisplatin caused improved survival compared with intravenous therapy in one ramdomised study. Further studies have shown trends to better survival and longer progression-free interval with intraperitoneal therapy. The accrual to studies on intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been poor reflecting that it is a cumbersome and not easily accepted treatment. ò In advanced ovarian cancer, no convincing advantage has been shown from more dose-intensive chemotherapy, without cytokines or bone marrow stem cell support, compared with standard doses. ò High response rates are achieved with high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support in the salvage situation but response duration is short. Phase III studies evaluating high-dose chemotherapy in the first-line situation are ongoing. Until supportive controlled clinical trials are presented, high-dose chemotherapy should be confined to clinical trials. ò Tumour response is frequently observed on re-treatment with the same drugs as given first-line in patients sensitive to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with a long progression-free interval. Thus, in these patients treatment with a platinum/ paclitaxel combination might be recommended, albeit based on limited data. In patients resistant to first-line therapy, a number of single agents induce tumour responses in the range of 10-30%. The literature does not permit general treatment recommendations in these patients, which are recommended to be included in controlled clinical trials.
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| 32. |
- Konyukh, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Variations of the candidate SEZ6L2 gene on Chromosome 16p11.2 in patients with autism spectrum disorders and in human populations.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PLoS One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of severe childhood neurodevelopmental disorders with still unknown etiology. One of the most frequently reported associations is the presence of recurrent de novo or inherited microdeletions and microduplications on chromosome 16p11.2. The analysis of rare variations of 8 candidate genes among the 27 genes located in this region suggested SEZ6L2 as a compelling candidate. Methodology/Principal Findings We further explored the role of SEZ6L2 variations by screening its coding part in a group of 452 individuals, including 170 patients with ASD and 282 individuals from different ethnic backgrounds of the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP), complementing the previously reported screening. We detected 7 previously unidentified non-synonymous variations of SEZ6L2 in ASD patients. We also identified 6 non-synonymous variations present only in HGDP. When we merged our results with the previously published, no enrichment of non-synonymous variation in SEZ6L2 was observed in the ASD group compared with controls. Conclusions/Significance Our results provide an extensive ascertainment of the genetic variability of SEZ6L2 in human populations and do not support a major role for SEZ6L2 sequence variations in the susceptibility to ASD.
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| 33. |
- Leblond, Claire S, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and functional analyses of SHANK2 mutations suggest a multiple hit model of autism spectrum disorders.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with a complex inheritance pattern. While many rare variants in synaptic proteins have been identified in patients with ASD, little is known about their effects at the synapse and their interactions with other genetic variations. Here, following the discovery of two de novo SHANK2 deletions by the Autism Genome Project, we identified a novel 421 kb de novo SHANK2 deletion in a patient with autism. We then sequenced SHANK2 in 455 patients with ASD and 431 controls and integrated these results with those reported by Berkel et al. 2010 (n=396 patients and n=659 controls). We observed a significant enrichment of variants affecting conserved amino acids in 29 of 851 (3.4%) patients and in 16 of 1,090 (1.5%) controls (P=0.004, OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.23-4.70). In neuronal cell cultures, the variants identified in patients were associated with a reduced synaptic density at dendrites compared to the variants only detected in controls (P=0.0013). Interestingly, the three patients with de novo SHANK2 deletions also carried inherited CNVs at 15q11-q13 previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In two cases, the nicotinic receptor CHRNA7 was duplicated and in one case the synaptic translation repressor CYFIP1 was deleted. These results strengthen the role of synaptic gene dysfunction in ASD but also highlight the presence of putative modifier genes, which is in keeping with the "multiple hit model" for ASD. A better knowledge of these genetic interactions will be necessary to understand the complex inheritance pattern of ASD.
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| 34. |
- Magnússon, Gunnlaugur, Associate Professor, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Vetenskapsteori och teori i tillämpning inom utbildningsvetenskaperna
- 2021
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Ingår i: Vetenskapsteori och forskningsmetoder i utbildningsvetenskap. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127827394 ; , s. 42-80
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här kapitlet syftar till att behandla frågor kring tillämpningen av teori inom det utbildningsvetenskapliga fältet, både avseende metodologiska tillvägagångssätt och tolkning samt vilka kunskapsanspråk som görs, och kan göras, med hjälp av dessa teorier och metoder. Innan vi går in på specifika tillämpningsområden redogörs först för forskningsfältets bredd och komplexitet. Detta är särskilt viktigt eftersom det, vilket föregående kapitel visade, finns uppenbara problem med allt för snäva normer kring vad som kan studeras och hur det görs. Att förstå många teorier och metoder och betrakta forskning utifrån olika perspektiv ger en fördjupad förståelse för utbildningens och forskningens mångtydighet och nyanser.
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| 35. |
- Melke, Jonas, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Abnormal melatonin synthesis in autism spectrum disorders.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 13:1, s. 90-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melatonin is produced in the dark by the pineal gland and is a key regulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms. A low melatonin level has been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the underlying cause of this deficit was unknown. The ASMT gene, encoding the last enzyme of melatonin synthesis, is located on the pseudo-autosomal region 1 of the sex chromosomes, deleted in several individuals with ASD. In this study, we sequenced all ASMT exons and promoters in individuals with ASD (n=250) and compared the allelic frequencies with controls (n=255). Non-conservative variations of ASMT were identified, including a splicing mutation present in two families with ASD, but not in controls. Two polymorphisms located in the promoter (rs4446909 and rs5989681) were more frequent in ASD compared to controls (P=0.0006) and were associated with a dramatic decrease in ASMT transcripts in blood cell lines (P=2 x 10(-10)). Biochemical analyses performed on blood platelets and/or cultured cells revealed a highly significant decrease in ASMT activity (P=2 x 10(-12)) and melatonin level (P=3 x 10(-11)) in individuals with ASD. These results indicate that a low melatonin level, caused by a primary deficit in ASMT activity, is a risk factor for ASD. They also support ASMT as a susceptibility gene for ASD and highlight the crucial role of melatonin in human cognition and behavior.
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| 36. |
- Nolgård, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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A global history in a global world? : Human rights in history education in the Global North and South
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Historical Encounters. - 2203-7543. ; 7:1, s. 24-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we analyze similarities and differences in 957 students’ perceptions of the history of human rights in six countries: England, India, New Zealand, South Africa, Sweden and the United States of America. This is investigated through the lens of the intended, implemented and achieved curricula. Our aim is to better understand what historical events students perceive as central in the history of human rights in different countries and how this may relate to education about, through and for human rights across borders. While the findings indicate a global culture of human rights, we identify several challenges in the teaching and learning of universal human rights in history education. In some instances, notions of nationalism and exceptionalism in society and history culture pose great challenges to the teaching and learning of human rights. In others, a strong focus on the global world have complicated the identification of human rights issues in the local context. Our findings also highlight the neglect of certain historical narratives, most notably the history of indigenous and minority groups. These findings are significant to researchers, teachers and decision-makers interested in furthering human rights and international understanding through education.
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| 37. |
- Nolgård, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the past and present of Romani in Sweden : Secondary school pupils' thinking and caring about the history of the Romani in national tests
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Routledge. - 2000-4508. ; 10:4, s. 344-367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we analyse 126 secondary pupils’ responses to national test questions designed to make them think and care about the history of national minorities in Sweden. Using a mixed method approach we find that historical thinking and empathy as caring are tightly interlinked in the responses. In particular, the cognitive act of corroborating historical sources about the treatment of minorities is linked to historical empathy as caring – while sourcing seems like a separate process. We also find that pupils struggle to link the past to the present and the future more than they do with sourcing and corroboration. Engaging with the past of discrimination of minorities makes pupils take critical positions beyond established dimensions of historical thinking. Our findings highlight how we need to better understand how to scaffold pupils’ practical knowledge, skills and attitudes in ideologically and emotionally charged issues.
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| 38. |
- Nolgård, Olle
(författare)
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Historisk rättvisa i högstadiets historieundervisning : Elevperspektiv på de svenska romernas historia och mänskliga rättigheter
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In light of the pursuit of historical justice for national minorities in Sweden, research has called for a stronger focus on what state redress implies in the history educational context and the teaching and learning of difficult minority histories. As an answer to this call, this compilation thesis aims to contribute knowledge about the reconstruction of Swedish Roma history in lower secondary history education in relation to ideals of historical justice, human rights and the historical and practical perspectives on the past. This thesis explores students’ perspectives and narrative reconstructions of Roma history through four original articles. The first article focuses on students’ perceptions of human rights in history (Article I). Article II center on students’ thinking and caring about the Roma past, present and future. Article III explores how students narrate agents of change in regard to the Roma past, present and future, and Article IV provides analyses of students’ perceptions and narrative reconstructions of Roma history before and after a design-based intervention in two history classrooms. The dissertation shows how what have been perceived as conflicting ideals in history education, namely the historical and practical past, are closely intertwined in students’ narrative reconstructions of the Roma past, present and future. Considering this difficult history, students underscored the importance of a shared responsibility for Roma rights in the present and future, albeit narrating the nation-state as the single most important agent of change for Roma rights in the past, present and future. Whilst the student cohorts in Article II and Article III realise and recognise Roma rights through their narrational practices and thus may become empowered to act for a just future, the studies make evident the way in which student narratives also re-establish cultural and ethnic group boundaries, which may disempower young learners. Acknowledging the complexities that lie in difficult histories, Article IV shows how a lesson design equally emphasising the historical and practical past results in students attaining a multiperspectival understanding of the Roma past and present beyond binary positions of “victims” and “perpetrators”, as well as an awareness of the historicity in narratives of the past, and a nuanced understanding of the historical and moral dimensions of the question of responsibility in the past and present. Thus, this thesis sheds light on how we may overcome some of the challenges associated with the pursuit of historical justice in the practice of history education.
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| 39. |
- Nordkvist, Rickard, 1978-
(författare)
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Att begripliggöra det förflutna : En studie av hur åtta historielärare i samtal och planering föreställer sig historieundervisning inriktad mot att motverka fragmentering
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fragmentation refers to the difficulties that students face when attempting to utilise substantive knowledge to make a useable big picture of the past. What possibilities are there to prevent fragmentation, within the framework of regular history teaching in school? In this thesis I tackle this question with interest in teaching methods proposed by history teachers.The research project is designed with the intention to provide the participating teachers with “reasonably good conditions” to be able to form an opinion about the problem of fragmentation. In the research project the participating teachers take part of litterature from the research field of history teaching, and processing the problem of fragmentation through discussion in focus groups and through planning of a history course.In this study I investigate how eight history teachers, given “reasonably good conditions”, imagine feasible teaching in order to prevent fragmentation within the frames of a History 1a1 course. Three research objects are being investigated. What are the teachers´ views regarding: 1) efficient teaching to prevent fragmentation? 2) the framework of teaching? 3) a History course that is including an action plan in order to prevent fragmentation?The study shows that the teachers experience limited possibilities to conduct efficient teaching to prevent fragmentation within the frames of a History 1a1-course. The teachers still, regardless of these limitations, find it possible to conduct strategically focused teaching to prevent fragmentation. The teaching strategies presented by the teachers can be more or less significant and the teachers are not necessarily prepared to allot time and resources to these strategies. Feasible teaching in order to prevent fragmentation is not necessarily associated with strategically aimed teaching.
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| 40. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Bertil Åkesson (1928-2013) obituary.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Memoires of Museum Victoria. - 1447-2546 .- 1447-2554. ; 71, s. 343-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
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| 41. |
- Nygren, Gudrun, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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A new screening programme for autism in a general population of Swedish toddlers.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0891-4222. ; 33:4, s. 1200-1210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evidence from early intervention studies of autism has emphasised the need for early diagnosis. Insight into the early presentation of autism is crucial for early recognition, and routine screening can optimise the possibility for early diagnosis. General population screening was conducted for 2.5-year-old children at child health centres in Gothenburg, Sweden, and the efficacy of the screening instruments in predicting a clinical diagnosis of autism was studied. The tools used for autism screening comprised the Modified Checklist for Autism in Children (M-CHAT) and an observation made by trained nurses of the child's joint attention abilities (JA-OBS). From the new screening procedure a "definitive" suspicion of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was raised in 64 individuals in the study population of 3999 young children. Fifty-four of these were clinically assessed in detail. Forty-eight children had a confirmed diagnosis of ASD, three had severe language disorder, and three (6%) were classified as having typical development. The Positive predictive Value (PPV) for the combination of M-CHAT and the JA-OBS was 90%. The combination of instruments used showed promise for early detection of autism as a routine in the developmental programme at child health centres. Trained medical staff is a basic requirement and enables earlier detection and the use of screening tools beyond routine population screening regardless of the age at which a suspicion of autism is raised.
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| 42. |
- Nygren, Gudrun, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in toddlers: a population study of 2-year-old Swedish children.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 42:7, s. 1491-1497
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is more common than previously believed. ASD is increasingly diagnosed at very young ages. We report estimated ASD prevalence rates from a population study of 2-year-old children conducted in 2010 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Screening for ASD had been introduced at all child health centers at child age 21/2 years. All children with suspected ASD were referred for evaluation to one center, serving the whole city of Gothenburg. The prevalence for all 2-year-olds referred in 2010 and diagnosed with ASD was 0.80%. Corresponding rates for 2-year-olds referred to the center in 2000 and 2005 (when no population screening occurred) were 0.18 and 0.04%. Results suggest that early screening contributes to a large increase in diagnosed ASD cases.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Nygren, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary Structure in de Novo Designed Peptides Induced by Electrostatic Interaction with a Lipid Bilayer Membrane
- 2010
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Ingår i: LANGMUIR. - : ACS American Chemical Society. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:9, s. 6437-6448
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that it is possible to induce a defined secondary structure in de nova designed peptides upon electrostatic attachment to negatively charged lipid bilayer vesicles without partitioning of the peptides into the membrane, and that the secondary structure can be varied via small changes in the primary amino acid sequence of the peptides. The peptides have a random-coil conformation in solution, and results from far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrate that the structure induced by the interaction with silica nanoparticles is solely alpha-helical and also strongly pH-dependent. The present study shows that negatively charged vesicles, to which the peptides are electrostatically adsorbed via cationic amino acid residues, induce either alpha-helices or beta-sheets and that the conformation is dependent on both lipid composition and variations in peptide primary structure. The pH-dependence of the vesicle-induced peptide secondary structure is weak, which correlates well with small differences in the vesicles electrophoretic mobility, and thus the surface charge, as the pH is varied.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Nygren, Patrik, 1979-
(författare)
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Structural and Functional Studies of De Novo Designed Peptides at Surfaces
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work presented in this thesis deals with the structural and functional properties of peptides at surfaces. The interaction of peptides with surfaces is an ever so common occurrence in our every day life, from the bug squashed on the windshield of our car to the barnacle on our boat, and from the blood plasma used in the hospital to the proteins in our cells. The effect these occurrences has on our lives is diverse, the bug is annoying whereas the barnacle settlement of ship hull is costly for marine transportation, the blood plasma contains components of vital importance for our immunological defense system and the proteins in our cells are crucial for regulatory processes and life.One part of this thesis, performed as a part of the EU-founded project AMBIO, deals with the concept of marine biofouling. A number of short peptides have been designed, synthesized, and used to investigate their effect on the settlement on marine biofoulers, such as the Ulva linza algae and the Navicula diatom, on template surfaces coated with thin layers of these molecules. The surfaces have been thoroughly investigated with respect of their physio-chemical properties before and after submersion in artificial seawater and ultimately in suspensions containing the organisms. The most interesting results were obtained with an arginine-rich peptide coating that when introduced to Ulva linza zoospores, displayed extensive settlement, compared to reference surfaces. In addition, a large fraction of the settled spores had an abnormal morphology.The other part of this thesis is focused on designed peptides that when adsorbed on a negatively charged surface adopts a well-defined secondary structure, either α-helical or β-sheet. Precisely placed amino acids in the peptides will strongly disfavor structure in solution, primarily due to electrostatic repulsion, but when the peptides are adsorbed on the negatively charged surfaces, they adopt a well-defined secondary structure due to ion pair bonding. These interactions have been thoroughly investigated by systematic variations of the side-chains. In order to determine the factors contributing to the induced structure, several peptides with different amino acid sequences have been synthesized. Factors that have been investigated include 1) the positive charge density, 2) distribution of positive charges, 3) negative charge density, 4) increasing hydrophobicity, and 5) incorporating amino acids with different helix propensities. Moreover, pH dependence and the effect of different interaction partners have also been investigated. It has also been shown that the system can be modified to incorporate a catalytic site that is only active when the helix is formed. This research will increase our understanding of peptide-surface interactions and might be of importance for both bionanotechnology and medicine.
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| 47. |
- Nygren, Thomas, 1972-
(författare)
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AI i skolan : Möjligheter och utmaningar i undervisningen
- 2023. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med kritisk och konstruktiv blick ger Thomas Nygren en initierad översikt över de digitala utmaningarna och möjligheterna i dagens utbildningssystem. Boken förklarar vad AI faktiskt är och behandlar ämnen som AI-litteracitet, sökkritik, källmedvetenhet och ämnesspecifika möjligheter och utmaningar – allt för att du som lärare framgångsrikt ska kunna integrera den nya tekniken i ditt klassrum. Avsnittet om ChatGPT är särskilt relevant eftersom det ger insikter om hur AI både kan möjliggöra och hindra elevernas lärande. Även frågor om rättssäker bedömning tas upp som en specifik problematik.AI i skolan är en ovärderlig guide för dig som vill förstå och navigera i detta dynamiska och snabbföränderliga landskap.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Nygren, Thomas, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Combatting Visual Fake News with a Professional Fact-Checking Tool in Education in France, Romania, Spain and Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational and technical resources are regarded as central in combating disinformation and safeguarding democracy in an era of ‘fake news’. In this study, we investigated whether a professional fact-checking tool could be utilised in curricular activity to make pupils more skilled in determining the credibility of digital news and to inspire them to use digital tools to further their transliteracy and technocognition. In addition, we explored how pupils’ performance and attitudes regarding digital news and tools varied across four countries (France, Romania, Spain, and Sweden). Our findings showed that a two-hour intervention had a statistically significant impact on teenagers’ abilities to determine the credibility of fake images and videos. We also found that the intervention inspired pupils to use digital tools in information credibility assessments. Importantly, the intervention did not make pupils more sceptical of credible news. The impact of the intervention was greater in Romania and Spain than among pupils in Sweden and France. The greater impact in these two countries, we argue, is due to cultural context and the fact that pupils in Romania and Spain learned to focus less on ’gut feelings’, increased their use of digital tools, and had a more positive attitude toward the use of the fact-checking tool than pupils in Sweden and France.
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| 50. |
- Nygren, Thomas, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Critical thinking in national tests across four subjects in Swedish compulsory school
- 2019
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Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Routledge. - 2000-4508. ; 10:1, s. 56-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical thinking is brought to the fore as a central competence in today’s society and in school curricula, but what may be emphasised as a general skill may also differ across school subjects. Using a mixed methods approach we identify general formulations regarding critical thinking in the Swedish curriculum of school year nine and seven more subject-specific categories of critical thinking in the syllabi and national tests in history, physics, mathematics and Swedish. By analysing 76 individual students’ critical thinking as expressed in national tests we find that a student that thinks critically in one subjects does not necessarily do so in other subjects. We find that students’ grades in different subjects are closely linked to their abilities to answer questions designed to test critical thinking in the subjects. We also find that the same formulations of critical thinking in two subjects may mean very different things when translated into assessments. Our findings suggest that critical thinking among students comprise different, subject-specific skills. The complexity of our findings highlights a need for future research to help clarify to students and researchers what it means to think critically in school.
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