| 1. |
- Alemir, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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EPA (aka A-Traktor) Girl Greasers in Sweden : Girlhood in Motion?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1103-3088 .- 1741-3222. ; 31:1, s. 73-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on girlhood in one of the youth subcultures of rural Sweden, EPA greasers. The EPA, a car that Swedes aged 15 and older can legally drive, is at the centre of EPA culture. In this uniquely and previously male Swedish youth greaser culture, there has been a recent increase in the number of Swedish girls driving EPAs. Previous research has shown how EPA culture and EPA girlhood are shaped through distancing from hegemonic urban and middle-class norms and ideology. In this article, we seek to develop an understanding of EPA culture, specifically the ways in which it has been adopted by girls. Starting out from their online performances, we will explore how place, femininity and resistance intersect. The findings demonstrate how EPA girls use a playful way of troubling norms in their online performances, understood here as space and outlet to resist and mess around with dominant discourses and prejudice. This can also be understood as a way of talking back to masculinity, the majority society and urbanity.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lidén, Gustav, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Contradictions in government steering : analyzing the Swedish establishment reform
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In December 2010 significant parts of Swedish migration policy were changed. Through ”establishment reform” a centralization was implemented in which the national level took over the responsibility of municipalities for the establishment of newly arrived immigrants. In today's system, the responsibility is shared between several authorities, and the municipalities, the Swedish Public Employment Service, the County Councils, the Swedish Migration Board, and publicly financed private services are the central actors. Recent governmental reports have described the current situations as being characterized by coordination problems and shortcomings in accountability. Having that said, this policy creates an institutional landscape that spans both vertical and horizontal dimensions, reflecting several levels of the public administration and, simultaneously, actors that originate from the governmental, regional, local, and private sectors. In this article we present one of the first Swedish studies on this reformed policy area and apply theoretically founded ideal types for analyzing the governing within the reform. Hence, the focus of the article is to analyze the complex steering processes that arise when the two quite contradictory elements of centralization and governance emerges. We examine one Swedish region in which parts of the establishment reform was applied as a pilot project before being applied to the rest of Sweden. Results are theoretically unexpected, both giving results of traits of governance steering but also of top-down perspectives and great restrictions for involved actors.
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| 4. |
- Lidén, Gustav, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Forced cooperation from above : The case of Sweden's establishment reform
- 2015
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Ingår i: Policy Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-2872 .- 1470-1006. ; 36:5, s. 468-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In December 2010, significant parts of Swedish integration policy were changed. Through the ‘establishment reform’, a centralization was implemented in which the national level overtook the responsibility of municipalities for the establishment of newly arrived immigrants. In today's system, the responsibility is shared between several authorities, the municipalities, and publicly financed private actors. Recent governmental reports have described the current situation as being characterized by coordination problems and shortcomings in accountability. This policy creates an institutional landscape that spans both vertical and horizontal dimensions, reflecting several levels of the public administration and actors that originate from several sectors. The purpose of this article is to explore the governance of Swedish integration policy, with a theoretical focus derived from the ideal types of hierarchy, market, and network. We examine one Swedish region in which parts of the establishment reform were applied as a pilot project before being applied to the rest of Sweden. The theoretically driven results are unexpected in that they reveal traits of governance steering but also of top-down perspectives and restrictions for involved actors in a way that counteracts theoretical logics.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lidén, Gustav, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Neoliberal Steering in Swedish Integration Policy : the Rise and Fall of Introduction Guides
- 2019
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Ingår i: Offentlig Förvaltning. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - 2000-8058 .- 2001-3310. ; 23:1, s. 23-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past decades, many policy sectors within European countries have encountered political reforms of neoliberal character. One of the key shifts has been the reorientation of public employment services that has been enforced, for example, through the establishment of what have been denoted as quasi-markets. Simultaneously with the rise of quasi-markets, welfare policy as a whole, including integration policy, has beenincreasingly oriented toward “activation”, with its focus on the individual’s obligationsand duties in relation to welfare services. These circumstances pose particular challenges to those charged with the governance of welfare services due to increasingly complex requirements for collaboration and control involving a multitude of actors. The reform is an example of a hybrid system where for- and non-profit actors compete for the“customer”, in this case, the newly arrived immigrant. This article focuses on the changes in Swedish integration reform as an archetype of these changes and studies a clearly defined case study. Empirically, this study draws from both documents and interviews. The article illustrates an unregulated and ill-monitored policy containing a model that comprises mixed modes of steering. The governance of the reform bears traits from both centralist and cooperative forms of governance and, thereby, involves competing philosophies of steering.
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| 7. |
- Lidén, Gustav, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Public and private networks in a multi-level perspective : A case of Swedish migration policy
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent governmental reports, the migration policy area has been pointed out asbeing characterized by coordination problems and shortcomings in accountability.In today's system, the responsibility is shared between several authorities, and themunicipalities, the Swedish Public Employment Service, the County Councils, theSwedish Migration Board, and publicly financed private services are the centralactors. Having that said, Swedish migration policy represents an archetypalexample of a complex governing process that spans several vertical levels andincludes a variety of actors with sometimes- conflicting responsibilities. Our studyhas the purpose of inquiring into governing within the “establishment reform”,and we base it on interviews with key actors and derive from theoretical idealtypes of networks, markets, and hierarchies. The results are somewhat unexpected.Networking structures run parallel with uncertainties concerning responsibilitiesin this area. Although this is a general flaw in such forms of governance, theaspects of combining this model with strong constraints in self-governance aremore unexpected. Hence, networks are forced to have a top-down perspective,combined with great restrictions in autonomy for the involved actors.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Nyhlén, Sara, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Haunting the Margins : Excavating EU Migrants as the ‘Social Ghosts’ of Our Time
- 2024
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Ingår i: Critical Criminology. - : Springer Nature. - 1205-8629 .- 1572-9877.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the spectral as a conceptual metaphor, we explore narratives within Sweden’s welfare institutions and policy discourses surrounding vulnerable EU citizens. We aim to provide a new understanding of vulnerable EU citizens as the social ghosts of our time by exploring how the concept of the social ghost and hauntology can be used to perform ethical critique of social injustice. By excavating examples from already gathered material, we explore the unseen within the already seen to critically examine how vulnerable EU citizens are constructed in social welfare narratives. We argue that the terminology of vulnerable EU citizens not only is constructed as uncanny and abject but also as social ghosts, denied a social and political identity and forced to haunt the margins of societal life. Moreover, we argue that the Swedish state becomes a site for necropolitical power, enabling but also perpetuating lingering violent effects on Roma people.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Skott, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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In the Shadow of the Monster: Gothic Narratives of Violence Prevention
- 2021
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Ingår i: Critical Criminology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1205-8629 .- 1572-9877. ; 29:2, s. 385-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines narratives by professionals working on preventing gender-based violence in Sweden through a Gothic lens. It draws on interviews with authorities responsible for preventing gender-based violence in one region of Sweden and explores the way national policies are translated into regional action. Our analysis shows how the “reel” is adopted by the professionals and becomes a part of the “real,” resulting in implications for policy. By looking at the participants’ narratives through a Gothic lens, this article argues that local-level professionals working to prevent violence frame gender-based violence as a problem of two “othered” groups: the “Immigrant Other” and the “Rural Other.” Through a narratological strategy of illumination and obscurity, these groups of offenders are rendered both uncanny and monstrous by the respondents—a monstrosity that obscures any violence occurring outside this framing. The problem of gender-based violence is relegated from the site of the mundane to the sphere of the monstrous.
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| 13. |
- Svedenmark, Sara, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Old Wine in a New Bottle? – Interpreting Gender Mainstreaming in a Municipal Reorganisation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413. ; :4, s. 73-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender mainstreaming (GM) has been on the agenda of organisations at various levels in Sweden and worldwide since the 1990s. Research has shown that GM is difficult to apply and has yet to be clearly defined, and additionally that organisations are uncertain about how to implement it. Research also suggests that the dominance of the new public management (NPM) approach within organisations has made GM work more challenging. In this article, we examine GM in a medium-sized Swedish municipality that is reorganising itself to become gender mainstreamed while introducing trust-based governance (TBG). This municipality provides a unique opportunity to study how GM is constructed in a municipality at the intersection of NPM and TBG. Applying a critical perspective, this article analyses documents from reorganisation based on Bacchi’s (2009) policy analysis. The results demonstrate that GM is mainly translated into TBG-inspired practices and that efficiency becomes an overarching concept that entangles GM, TBG and NPM. GM becomes part of cultural change together with TBG, while NPM maintains its dominance in the structural change of the organisation.
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| 14. |
- Alirani, Gertrud, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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"Det är inte så lätt och samtidigt, det är inte så svårt" : Slutrapport från projektet: Ökade kunskaper om Östersunds kommuns integrationsservice
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien har varit att skapa kunskap om hur användarna av Östersunds kommuns integrationsinsatser för nyanlända upplevs av användarna själva. Eftersom insatserna från integrationsservice varierar beroende på hur den nyanlända har kommit till kommunen har urvalet av informanter skett utifrån kategorierna: anläggningsboende (ABO), eget boende (EBO), anhöriginvandrad eller kvotflykting. Avsikten med studien är att dess resultat ska kunna användas för att utveckla integrationsservice verksamhet. Östersunds kommun har valt att organisera en del av integrationsarbetet med nyanlända genom integrationsservice. Det innebär att integrationsservice har ett särskilt ansvar för mottagandet av nyanlända kommunplacerade flyktingar som kommit genom anvisning från Migrationsverkets anläggningsboende (ABO) eller som kvotflykting.
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| 15. |
- Andresen, Edith, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Skärningspunkter som grund
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hållbarhetens många ansikter. - Sundsvall : Mid Sweden University. - 9789188527370 ; , s. 12-17
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Brännström, Lotta, 1973-
(författare)
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"Alltså det finns ju ingen respekt!” : Tjejers perspektiv på (o)trygghet och genusrelaterat våld i vardagen– en photovoicestudie
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genusrelaterat våld, och då specifikt killar och mäns våld mot tjejer och kvinnor är ett allvarligt globalt folkhälsoproblem, en kränkning av mänskligarättigheter och ett hot mot ett demokratiskt samhälle. De flesta studierna gällande genusrelaterat våld är genomförda i städer eller stadsnära områden och vi saknar tillräcklig kunskap om våld mot tjejer och unga kvinnor på landsbygd. Därför är det övergripande syftet med licentiatavhandlingen att öka kunskapen om genusrelaterat våld mot tjejer på landsbygd genom den participatoriska metoden photovoice.Licentiatavhandlingen består av en kappa och två publicerade delstudier [I‐II] som syftar till att skapa en djupare förståelse för genusrelaterat våld mot tjejer på landsbygd i Sverige, utifrån tjejers egna perspektiv. I studie [II] utökades syftet till att också diskutera metodens potential att nå nyckelpersoner inom policyfältet och leda till social förändring, utöver dess förmåga att informera och engagera. Det är genomgående kvalitativa studier. Det empiriska materialet består av insamlat data genom photovoice samt workshops och gruppintervjuer [I‐II]. Materialet består även av intervjuer med beslutsfattare (tjänstepersoner och politiker) och material från en inspelad podcast [II]. Insamlat data analyserades med hjälp av induktiv och deduktiv tematisk analys [I], en beskrivande aktionsorienterad analys samt innehållsanalys [II].Analysen i studie [I] utmynnade i två primära teman: det första temat konstant rädsla har två sub‐teman som förklarar en rädsla som är integrerad i tjejernas vardag, och som förminskar deras handlingsutrymmen. Det andra temat fokuserar på de strategier som tjejerna använder för att hantera denna konstanta rädsla, och detta bryts sedan ner i två sub‐teman som visar hur genusnormer till stor del påverkar beteende och förväntningar. Även resultatet i studie [II] visar att tjejernas känsla av kontroll var begränsad och att olika situationer i vardagslivet präglades av känslor av minskat handlingsutrymme och agens. Studien visar också att photovoice är en lämplig metod för att visuellt förmedla deltagarnas perspektiv samt att engagera och informera beslutsfattare, men att enbart metoden i sig inte kan garantera social förändring.Normativa föreställningar om genus påverkar i hög grad både språk och beteende bland ungdomar, och trots att Sverige ofta omtalas och framställs som ett jämställt samhälle finns det flera indikationer på det motsatta. Tjejers handlingsutrymme är betydligt mindre jämfört med killars, och tjejer marginaliseras i en mängd situationer och sociala interaktioner. Deltagarna i studien såg också ett tydligt samband mellan genusrelaterat våld och allvarliga hälsokonsekvenser, och studien hjälper oss förstå hur och på vilket sätt tonårstjejer i Sverige påverkas negativt av genusrelaterat våld. Den alarmerande höga förekomsten av genusrelaterat våld bland unga visar betydelsen av att adressera problemet redan från tidig ålder.
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| 21. |
- Brännström, Lotta, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Girls’ Perspectives on Gendered Violence in Rural Sweden : Photovoice as a Method for Increased Knowledge and Social Change
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : SAGE Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown for decades that gendered violence against girls and women is a major public health problem with devastating long-term health consequences for individuals and communities alike. Knowledge of gendered violence against girls and young women thus needs to be increased not only in urban, but also in rural areas, and from girls’ own perspectives. Research methods should also be developed that will facilitate the possibility of reaching policy makers, i.e. to reach those with the power to bring about social change. This study had two main goals. The first was to use photovoice as a methodology to gain increased knowledge about gendered violence against girls and young women in rural Sweden, while the second was to discuss the potential of reaching social change through photovoice as well as offer some critique. We worked with 35 adolescent girls enrolled in an upper secondary school in rural Sweden. Six workshops, which focused on (un)safety, different forms of violence, and the consequences of violence, were analyzed with an action-oriented approach and content analysis. The photovoice material also resulted in an exhibition that was used to reach policy makers. The findings show that the girls’ ability to control their own lives was limited and that a number of different situations in their everyday lives were related to a reduced sense of space and reduced sense of agency. The findings also highlight that the girls were constantly sexually harassed online, which created a feeling of being unable to escape. We argue that photovoice is suitable in mediating girls’ perspectives and in engaging and informing key policy makers, although the method alone cannot assure social change.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Brännström, Lotta, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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“You are so ugly, you whore”- girls in rural Sweden discuss and address gendered violence
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Girls face gendered violence on an everyday basis, and this may have severe health consequences. Purpose: The aim of this study was to learn about gendered violence facing girls in rural Sweden in their everyday life, as it is experienced by the girls themselves. Method: Using the photovoice method, we worked with 35 girls in an upper secondary school, aged between 16 and 20, to explore how they navigated social spaces and developed strategies for increased safety. Results: Thematic analysis revealed two main themes (constant fear and strategies) and four sub themes (fear of being raped, fear of being labelled and excluded, being “appropriately” sexually active, and appearance and performance for increased feelings of safety). Conclusion: We considered how gendered violence facing girls led to fear and marginalization in a range of situations and interactions. Consequently, girls occupied significantly smaller social spaces compared to boys, and we argue that this was reproduced and upheld through everyday practices informed by hegemonic masculinity and performativity.
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| 25. |
- Bäck, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis and SAR of potent statine-based BACE-1 inhibitors : Exploration of P1 phenoxy and benzyloxy residues
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 16:21, s. 9471-9486
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several BACE-1 inhibitors with low nanomolar level activities, encompassing a statine-based core structure with phenyloxymethyl- and benzyloxymethyl residues in the P1 position, are presented. The novel P1 modi. cation introduced to allow the facile exploration of the S1 binding pocket of BACE-1, delivered highly promising inhibitors.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Degerman, Peter, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kulturell hållbarhet – vad är det?. - Halmstad : Makadam Förlag. - 9789170612862
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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Forum för genusvetenskap - en jubilar i vardande : Tillsammans och på eget håll
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mid Sweden University’s Forum for Gender Studies (FGV) is aninterdisciplinary and intercampus platform from which to initiate and coordinate gender studies at the university and beyond. This volume is ananniversary number that aims to mobilize and re-vitalize Forum for genderstudies future research strategy. It collects stories form the past, directionsfor the future and arguments for continued solidarity work. “Solidarityinvolves commitment, and work, as well as the recognition that even if wedo not have the same feelings, or the same lives, or the same bodies, we dolive on common ground.” (Sara Ahmed)
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| 31. |
- Gidlund, Katarina L, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital cultural policy in Sweden : Cultural imaginations of the digital era, or digitized cultural marketization?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Digital Transformation and Cultural Policies in Europe. - : Informa UK Limited. - 9781003334576 ; , s. 86-102
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter critically explores and analyses the framing of digitalization in current cultural public policy in Sweden to reach a deeper understanding of how the idea of digitalization is narrated and what kind of desired outcomes surface in these narratives. It is based on a thematic analysis of eight policy documents departing from Andrew Feenberg’s two-fold understanding of technology, as both essence and construct, in order to disclose the dominant and formative narratives of digitalization. As such, the chapter contributes to digital cultural policy research with a national-specific analysis of policy narratives on expectations and goals coupled with digital transformation.
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| 32. |
- Gillander Gådin, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Studying the intersections of rurality, gender and violence against girls and young women: : An urgent matter in both the Global North and the Global South
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Being young in a neoliberal time. - Sundsvall : Mid Sweden University. - 9789188025333 ; , s. 109-120
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUCTIONViolence against girls and women is a global problem, not only for the victim herself, but also for society in general (Garcia-Moreno, 2002). In the case of women with children, violence is also a problem for these children. A multi-country study on violence against women in 15 sites and 10 different countries, mainly low-income, shows that there are wide variations in prevalence between and among settings (World Health Organization, 2005). The differences were not only between countries but also between rural and urban areas within a country, with overall levels of violence against women consistently higher in rural than in urban settings. This means that we need to take space and place into account in studies of violence against girls and women. To date, the links between place and sexual violence against girls and women is an understudied area. Indeed, as Sandberg (2013) notes, the study of intimate partner violence and other forms of sexual violence in rural settings, in particular, may in fact be a blind spot in intersectional research.She calls fora consideration of how place may intersect with such constructs as class, ethnicity, race, gender, and sexuality. To this list we would add age, with the idea that addressing violence against girls and young women is a particularly critical concern in relation to ensuring safety and security for a new generation. The urban condition and life in the city as studied in relation to migration, housing, social supports, and violence itself (including sexual violence) is typically taken up in research that ranges from a focus on townships and informal settlements in the Global South through to thestudy of urban sites in the Global North. However, while the trend for people to live in urban spaces is increasing, this does not mean that there are no social issues that need to be addressed in rural settings; in the context of declining resources and state provisioning, rural life presents its own challenges. There is also a discursive construction of the rural areas that is characterized by higher rates of sick leave, higher unemployment, and the migration of young people away from the area. Added to this is the perception that rurality does not contribute to the economic development of the country (Nyhlén, 2013, Eriksson, 2008). This way of describing the rural can be regarded as an act of othering in that it positions rurality as the other in relation to the urban/center. In this way center and periphery are somehow interdependently constructed. Urbanization itself is built on the premise that resources are taken from the periphery and used in the center (Andersson, Ek & Molina 2008).We stress the importance of asking questions about what it means to study rurality and about how we can create research that goes beyond images of a declining rurality, not forgetting in this process, to ask questions about how rurality is gendered. The purpose, then, of this chapter is to address the necessity of understanding violence against young girls and women by theorizing the relationships between and among place, gender, and violence, particularly in relation to rurality. We do this by first contextualizing our arguments, focusing on three country contexts—Canada, South Africa, and Sweden. We then address three particularly important areas: (1) place-based gender and ethnic regimes, (2) rural vulnerabilities, and (3) local policy enactment.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Giritli Nygren, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Inledande ord
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ko. - Sundsvall : Mid Sweden University. - 9789188025739
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Giritli Nygren, Katarina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Normalising welfare boundaries : A feminist analysis of Swedish municipalities' handling of vulnerable EU citizens
- 2017
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Ingår i: Társadalmi Nemek Tudománya Interdiszciplináris eFolyóirat. - Szeged. - 2062-7084. ; 7:2, s. 24-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The so-called freedom of movement granted to EU citizens has made it easier for economically deprived EU citizens to seek their livelihood beyond the borders of their homelands and this has created one of our time’s most socially excluded groups. In Sweden, over the recent years they have come to be known as vulnerable EU citizens. This article analyses what happens when there are no unified regulations as to how Swedish municipalities should prevent social exclusion among those who are not Swedish citizens. Our purpose is to study how officials and politicians normalize certain beliefs with regard to the (im)possibility of providing support to socially-excluded EU citizens residing in their municipalities. The material used in the study is interviews with officials and politicians in Västernorrland, a region of northern Sweden. The study shows that in the absence of common guidelines the normalization of Swedish citizenship has taken place as the basis of the rights to welfare. It is Swedish citizenship that provides you with access to the community; at the same time, it is this community which must be guarded. Prohibition of EU citizens is commonly legitimized by a concern for the municipality’s citizens as if the closing down of the settlements makes social exclusion seize to exist or at least seize to be a problem for the municipalities. This narrative illustrates that it is the settlements and their flaws, rather than the inhabitants’ social exclusion in a broader context that are perceived as problematic.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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Hållbarhetens många ansikten - samtal, forskning och fantasier
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation Hållbarhetens många ansiktenär en del av de resultat som kommer frånprojektet Hållbart Samhällsbyggande (HåSa):Från mellersta Norrland till Europas glesabygder. HåSa-projektet har via Tillväxtverketbeviljats stöd ur den Europeiska regionalautvecklingsfonden och i denna antologi harmånga aktörer som ingår i projektet medverkat.Arbetet med publikationen inleddes vid enworkshop i Sollefteå i slutet av september 2016.Vi drevs då av en strävan efter att hållbarhetsarbetetpå flera sätt behöver gå snabbare och blimer omfattande och att vi behöver samarbetaöver ämnesgränser inom akademin, men äventillsammans med aktörer utanför akademin.Ett drygt år senare finns nu denna antologi,efter både kreativt och intensivt samarbete, ochden utgör ett konkret resultat av de tankar somföddes i Sollefteå.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Kjölstad, Henrik, 1980-
(författare)
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A European Declaration of Fascism? : En analys av Anders Behring Breiviks manifest 2083
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The terror attacks in Oslo, July 22, 2011, executed by Anders Behring Breivik, showed the deadliest outbreak of political violence in Norway since World War II. After the subsequent apprehension of Breivik, discussions about his ideological positioning soon emerged. While Breivik was initially described as an Islamophobic, right wing-extremist, a few expert witnesses and scholars labeled him and his manifesto 2083: A Declaration of European Independence as fascist. Some analysts disagreed with such a categorization and argued that Breivik's views had little to do with fascism. Other commentators and academics partly agreed with the fascist label but added that Breivik's ideology differed from classical fascism in several ways. The aim of this research is to examine whether the manifesto 2083 can be classified as fascist according to various established definitions and ideal types of fascism. In particular, this research draws on the theories, definitions, and ideal types of fascism of established scholars Roger Griffin, Stanley G. Payne, and Emilio Gentile to inform a content analysis of 2083.The study's relevance concerns the ideology of and behind certain violent political activism, and if fascism is undergoing a transformation which urges updates of established definitions of the phenomenon. 2083 is treated as an outlier or deviant case of fascism.This research finds that 2083 does fulfill several fascist criteria, and even concepts central to the ideal types. However, the results are at times ambiguous and open to further interpretation. Fascist concepts such as national rebirth, a glorification of violence, and religiously tinged activism are expressed in the manifesto, but crucial details regarding them remain unexplored or unspecified. 2083's violent strategies for achieving desired societal change have striking similarities with certain contemporary race radicalism; while descriptions of societal condition and utopian goals share certain fascism characteristics, but also resemble late 19th Century German revolutionary conservatism or proto-fascism. Thus, one might rather see 2083 as hybrid form of different, already existing, fascist ideological traits rather than a “new” form of fascism.
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