| 1. |
- Häggström Westberg, Katrin, 1968-
(författare)
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Exploring mental health and potential health assets in young people
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Young people in Sweden generally claim to have a good quality of life, but also report increasing mental health problems. It is a concern that only a minority of young people seek and/or access support when encountering mental health problems as mental health is a fundamental human right and integral to a positive development in both childhood and throughout the lifespan. There are uncertainties as to how to facilitate help-seeking and promote mental health among young people and previous studies have often focused on risk-reduction. A shift from a pathological view to a resource-based perspective of mental health can be achieved by adopting a health assets’ approach. This approach also ascribes due emphasis to the fact that mental health is developed within a social context, where both individual and structural health assets, such as the support system, are of importance. With this in mind, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore individual and structural health assets in relation to the mental health of young people.This thesis is based on four studies using both quantitative (Studies I and II) and qualitative (Study III) methods as well as a scoping review method with a qualitative synthesis (Study IV). Studies I and II had a cross-sectional design and utilized data from self-reported health-related ratings collected in schools in 2011. The association between socio-economic determinants and self-rated mental health in two age groups (11-13 and 14-16) was explored in Study I, and optimism and pessimism as a bi-dimensional construct, and its impact on health-related quality of life and potential to function as a health asset was explored in Study II. In Studies III and IV, the help- seeking process was explored from the perspective of young people, firstly with constructivist grounded theory in Study III based on interviews of young people seeking help for mental health problems within a local setting, and secondly, through a scoping review examination and qualitative synthesis of national and international literature on help-seeking in Study IV.The results identified potential health assets on both individual and structural levels. The explored health assets on an individual level were socio-economic status and socio-demographic factors (Study I), dispositional optimism (Study II) and individual resources for help-seeking (Studies III and IV), while health assets on a structural level were explored through the experience of and perceptions of young people’s help-seeking process(Studies III and IV). The individual health assets of socio-economic status and migratory background were seen to affect mental health differently for boys and girls with the boys being susceptible to an accumulation of socio-economic risk factors including family wealth affecting their mental health negatively, and the mental health of the young girls with a migratory background being affected positively (Study I).The individual health asset of optimism was found to be potentially supportive for help-seeking and mental health (Study II). Young people were optimistic about their future but there was a significant decrease in optimism and health-related quality of life, and a significant increase in pessimism, with age. Optimism was independently and positively associated with a high level of health-related quality of life among young people, even when adjusting for parents’ marital status, family country background and gender. Knowledge and a desire for self-reliance were identified as potential individual health assets mainly in regard to the help-seeking process (Studies III and IV). Young people expressed how their knowledge of mental health and the support system was inadequate, rendering a feeling of insecurity, however, they also expressed a strong desire for self-reliance in regard to their mental health. Help-seeking was characterised as a dynamic and psychosocial process without sequentially fixed stages. Potential health assets on a structural level were identified as support through social networks, and a responsive, collective and accessible support system. However, young people perceived the support system as unresponsive, focused on protocol instead of person, fragmented and spread, and lacking in accessibility. The results implied that equipping young people with sufficient knowledge would capitalize on the individual health assets of self-reliance and optimism, conducive to help-seeking and mental health, but that the support system needs to improve in order to meet the particular needs of young people.
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| 2. |
- Ahlborg, Mikael, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Current Conceptualization and Operationalization of Adolescents’ Social Capital : A Systematic Review of Self-Reported Instruments
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a great heterogeneity in the conceptualization and operationalization of social capital in empirical research targeting adolescents. There has not yet been an attempt to systematically map and psychometrically evaluate the existing instruments for measuring social capital that have been developed and validated for adolescent samples. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the design and psychometric properties of self-reported instruments for social capital, specifically developed and validated for use among adolescents. The design of this study was a systematic review guided by the COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of Patient Reported Outcome Measures. The search included six electronic databases and no time frame was applied. Twenty studies were identified as describing the development and validation of a social capital instrument for adolescent samples. The results reveal common denominators, but also great variation in the design and validation of the instruments. Adolescents were only involved in the development procedures of four instruments. There is a lack of social capital instruments that cover both the multidimensionality of social capital and contextual relevance in relation to adolescents. Careful examination of instruments should thus precede a decision when designing studies and further instrument development involving the target group is encouraged. © 2022 by the authors.
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| 3. |
- Ahlborg, Mikael, 1985-
(författare)
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Social capital and inequalities in mental health among young adolescents in Sweden
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to explore social capital and inequalities in mental health among young adolescents in Sweden. This is a compilation thesis comprising four studies. Studies I and II are quantitative studies of crosssectional data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. The aim of Study I was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in health using both a subjective and an objective measure of socioeconomic status among Swedish adolescents. The findings showed that subjective socioeconomic status robustly and independently predicted mental health problems, poor life satisfaction and poor general health perception. The association between objective socioeconomic status and mental health was weakened, and even reversed, when subjective socioeconomic status was accounted for in regression models. A Latent Profile Analysis was applied in Study II with the aim of identifying distinct profiles of family, school and peer social capital in a nationally representative sample of adolescents and to explore health outcomes in those profiles. The findings showed that five distinct profiles best represented the data for 11 and 15-year olds, while a four-profile model was optimal for 13-year olds. Significant inequalities were identified between profiles when these were examined in terms of mental health problems and life satisfaction. The design of Study III was a qualitative semi-structured interview study. The aim was to explore social capital from the perspective of adolescents in relation to mental health. Adolescents spoke of having access to a safe space, feeling connected to others and predictability as important aspects of social relationships and networks in relation to mental health. The aim of Study IV was to identify and evaluate the design and psychometric properties of instruments for assessing social capital specifically developed and validated for self-reporting among adolescents (10-19 years). The design was a systematic review, in which 20 instruments were identified. The results revealed a lack of instruments that covered both the multidimensionality of social capital and contextual relevance in relation to adolescents. The conclusion from this thesis is that social capital may be useful for identifying vulnerable individuals and for differentiating between the natural imbalance of adolescence and what may lead to serious illness. Longitudinal research and refinement of the operationalization of the concept are, however, needed to enhance the understanding of these findings.
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| 4. |
- Ahlborg, Mikael, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic inequalities in health among Swedish adolescents - adding the subjective perspective
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSocioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health predict future inequalities in adult health. Subjective measures of socioeconomic status (SES) may contribute with an increased understanding of these inequalities. The aim of this study was to investigate socioeconomic health inequalities using both a subjective and an objective measure of SES among Swedish adolescents.MethodCross-sectional HBSC-data from 2002 to 2014 was used with a total sample of 23,088 adolescents aged 11–15 years. Three measures of self-rated health (dependent variables) were assessed: multiple health complaints, life satisfaction and health perception. SES was measured objectively by the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and subjectively by “perceived family wealth” (independent variables). The trend for health inequalities was investigated descriptively with independent t-tests and the relationship between independent and dependent variables was investigated with multiple logistic regression analysis. Gender, age and survey year was considered as possible confounders.ResultsSubjective SES was more strongly related to health outcomes than the objective measure (FAS). Also, the relation between FAS and health was weakened and even reversed (for multiple health complaints) when subjective SES was tested simultaneously in regression models (FAS OR: 1.03, CI: 1.00;1.06 and subjective SES OR: 0.66, CI: 0.63;0.68).ConclusionsThe level of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health varied depending on which measure that was used to define SES. When focusing on adolescents, the subjective appraisals of SES is important to consider because they seem to provide a stronger tool for identifying inequalities in health for this group. This finding is important for policy makers to consider given the persistence of health inequalities in Sweden and other high-income countries. © The Author(s). 2017
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| 5. |
- Arnarsson, Arsaell, et al.
(författare)
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Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:5, s. 502-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Author(s) 2019. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other. Methods: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries. Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied. Conclusions: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.
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| 6. |
- Blank, J., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children between 2004 and 2008, in a rural area of Sweden : The Skaraborg Evaluation Child Obesity Prevention Project (SECOPP)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Special Issue: Abstracts of the 11th International Congress on Obesity, 11-15 July 2010, Stockholm, Sweden. - Chichester, England : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 73-74
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Childhood obesity is considered a serious public health problem and it has increased over the last two decades. The aim of this paper was to report 5-year change in prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in a rural area of Sweden. Material and Method: Body height and weight were obtained in 2004, 2006 and 2008. A total of 1914 children (1014 boys and 900 girls), aged 4 years ± 4 months and were examined at Child Welfare Clinics in two municipalities in the Skaraborg area in Region of Västra Götaland, Sweden were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and WHO cut-off as reference methods in defining overweight and obesity, and GLM methods were used to estimate the change with age as a covariate. Result: Between 2004 and 2008, overweight increased in boys according to IOTF 2.0% (P = 0.048), whereas no such trend was seen when using WHO cut-offs. In girls, overweight increased significant according to the both definitions IOTF 9.1% (P < 0.001) and WHO 2.8% (P = 0.010). Obesity has decreased in both boys and girls, however not significant. According to IOTF obesity decreased with 1.1% in boys and 1.9% in girls, and WHO with 2.1% in boys and 1.5% in girls. Conclusion: This study shows that overweight has increased in both sexes and obesity rates remained rather steady. However, public health strategies targeting the whole population is still needed.
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| 7. |
- Hutton, Katrin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Low self-rated mental health among Swedish adolescent boys and its relationship to socioeconomic factors
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAdolescents mental health is a major public health concern and studies have shown that socioeconomic factors contribute to the experienced health of adolescents. Girls’ mental health, more than boys’ mental health, is often discussed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between self-rated mental health and socioeconomic factors among boys and we hypothesized that household wealth influences the association.MethodsIn 2011, a cross-sectional study was conducted at seven junior high schools in a medium sized town in south western Sweden. The data collected was based on a self-administrated questionnaire regarding socioeconomic factors, household wealth and health related quality of life (Minnesota Minneapolis Quality of Life Instrument (MMQL). In all, 235 boys between 11-13 years old and 254 boys between 14-16 years participated. The items from MMQL were summarized into a total score and dichotomized by the median and low self-rated mental health was defined as below median. Logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsAmong younger boys no association between low self-rated mental health and socioeconomic factors were seen. Among older boys with divorced parents, an increased risk of low mental health rating was seen OR: 1.83 (95%CI, 1.04;3.23), however when adjusting for household wealth the association disappeared (OR;1.76, CI 0.98;3.15). Also, having one or two parents born outside Sweden implied increased risk of a low self-rated mental health OR: 2.0 (CI; 1.15;3.47), which remained when adjusting for household wealth variables (OR; 2.16 CI; 1.17;3.99). Furthermore, having two or more negative socioeconomic variables increased the risk of low rated mental health (OR;2.60, CI 1.15;5.90) the association remained after adjusting for household wealth (OR;2.38, CI 1.03;5.33).ConclusionsBoys with divorced parents, boys from migrant backgrounds and boys with several negative socioeconomic factors constituted the identified subgroups at risk. More research in public health is essential to meet the special needs of different age groups and backgrounds among adolescent boys.Key messagesAmong older boys (14-16 years old) with divorced parents, an increased risk of low mental health rating was seen, however when adjusting for household wealth the association disappeared.Among older boys (14-16 years old) having two or more negative socioeconomic variables increased the risk of low rated mental health, the association remained after adjusting for household wealth.© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Hutton, Katrin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated mental health and socio-economic background : a study of adolescents in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescents' mental health is a major public health issue. Previous research has shown that socio-economic factors contribute to the health status of adolescents. The present study explores the association between socio-economic status and self-rated mental health among adolescents.Methods: Cross sectional data from the Halmstad Youth Quality of Life cohort was collected in a town in Sweden. In all, 948 adolescents (11-13 younger age group and 14-16 older age group) participated. Information on self-rated mental health was collected from the subscale Psychological functioning in the Minneapolis Manchester Quality of Life instrument. The items were summarized into a total score and dichotomized by the mean. Indicators measuring socio-economic status (SES) were collected in a questionnaire using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and additional factors regarding parents' marital status and migration were added. Logistic models were used to analyze the data.Results: Girls were more likely to rate their mental health below the mean compared to boys. With regard to FAS (high, medium, low), there was a significantly increased risk of self-rated mental health below the mean among younger boys in the medium FAS score OR; 2.68 (95% CI 1.35;5.33) and among older boys in the low FAS score OR; 2.37 (1.02;5.52) compared to boys in the high FAS score. No such trend was seen among girls. For younger girls there was a significant protective association between having parents born abroad and self-rated mental health below mean OR: 0.47 (0.24;0.91).Conclusions: A complex pattern of associations between SES and self-rated mental health, divergent between age and gender groups, was shown. The total FAS score was only associated with boys' self-rated mental health in both age groups, whereas parents' migratory status influenced only the girls' self-rated mental health. Because of the different association for girls' and boys' self-rated mental health and SES, other factors than SES should also be considered when investigating and exploring the mental health of adolescents in affluent communities. © 2014 Hutton et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Häggström Westberg, Katrin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the role of optimism as a protective factor for adolescent quality of life
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study attempts to understand the role that optimism could play in the context of a health asset approach to promote (and protect) adolescent health related quality of life (HRQOL). Two hypotheses were formulated, a) there is an association between adolescents’ self-rated optimism and pessimism and their HRQOL, (b) age, gender and socio-demographic characteristics influence this association. We explore optimism and pessimism as a bi-dimensional construct and its impact on HRQOL among adolescents in two age groups (11-13 years and 14-16 years). Adolescents answered a self-report questionnaire consisting of two validated scales for measuring HRQOL and the concepts of optimism and pessimism. This study has shown that optimism is an important protective factor for HRQOL and low levels of pessimism were also seen to be protective of HRQOL in both age groups. This infers the potential of an optimistic orientation about future goals might function as a health asset during adolescence that could be useful in the planning of health promotion strategies.
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| 10. |
- Häggström Westberg, Katrin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Lost in Space - an exploration of help-seeking among young people with mental health problems : a constructivist grounded theory study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - Brussels : Institut Scientifique de Sante Publique / Scientific Institut of Public Health. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mental health problems among young people is a worldwide public health concern. There has been an increase in mental health problems among young people in the Nordic countries in the last 25 years, particularly in Sweden. Despite this increase, international research has repeatedly shown that young people do not access or receive support when encountering mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the process of help-seeking for professional support among young people with mental health problems. Methods: The study used qualitative constructivist Grounded Theory and open-ended interviews. Thirteen young people between 15 and 23, recruited from two local support clinics, were interviewed. Results: Lost in space emerged as the core category, capturing aspects of both the experience of self and mental health problems as well as the process of seeking and acquiring help from professional support systems. The study identified several prominent barriers for seeking and acquiring professional help for mental health problems. The young people expressed a lack of knowledge on mental health issues and support services and substantial efforts were made to try to cope with problems on one’s own. Lost in space involved Drifting - trying to make sense of own experiences and struggling to cope with problems, Navigating - searching for help through multiple attempts and contacts and Docking - finding support with something/somebody that feels right. Conclusions: The theoretical model sheds light on how young people with mental health problems were met with fragmented support services. Society needs to provide encompassing, youth-friendly and flexible support services, so that attempts at help-seeking are not missed. © The Author(s). 2020
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| 11. |
- Häggström Westberg, Katrin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Mental Health Problems among Young People—A Scoping Review of Help-Seeking
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young people’s mental health is a public health priority, particularly as mental health problems in this group seem to be increasing. Even in countries with supposedly good access to healthcare, few young people seek support for mental health problems. The aim of this study was twofold, firstly to map the published literature on young people’s experiences of seeking help for mental health problems and secondly to validate whether the Lost in Space model was adaptable as a theoretical model of the help-seeking process described in the included articles in this scoping review. A scoping review was conducted in which we searched for literature on mental health help-seeking with a user perspective published between 2010 and 2020 in different databases. From the 2905 studies identified, we selected 12 articles for inclusion. The review showed how young people experience unfamiliarity and insecurity with regard to issues related to mental health and help-seeking. A strong wish for self-reliance and to safe-guard one’s own health were consistent among young people. Support structures were often regarded as inaccessible and unresponsive. There was a high level of conformity between the model on help-seeking and the analysed articles, reinforcing that help-seeking is a dynamic and psychosocial process. © 2022 by the authors.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kristén, Lars, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Children with neurodevelopmental disorder participating in an intervention -physical activity on prescription (PAP) : parent's reasoning about their children's participation in sport
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity. - Olomouc : European Federation of Adapted Physical Activity. - 1803-3857. ; 16, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with disabilities engage less in physical activity and sports during their spare time compared to their peers without disabilities. Modern sports, contextual factors, and parents’ fear of discrimination have been discussed as barriers to participation. The aim of this study is to describe parents’ experiences of their child with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) participating in a PAP intervention. The intervention involved a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAP), the Regional Sport Federation, and local sport clubs in the southwestern region of Sweden. A sample of 13 parents took part in semi-structured interviews, and qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. The analysis resulted in three main categories, including sub-categories. By being part of a collaboration, the parents experienced two different worlds coming together, the CAP and the sport world, and they were also aware of the collaboration’s organisation and need for resources. In growing with sports, the parents described that treating the children with respect involved learning sports from the child’s condition and creating a social space for them. Regarding individual motivation for participating in sports, the parents expressed that the children felt proud to be part of the PAP intervention and experienced a sense of belonging in the group with the other children. The study highlights perspectives for developing sports for all in local sport clubs and improving sports as part of the CAP care for children with NDD. © 2023 by the authors.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ljungkrona-Falk, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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In order to prevent child obesity: New tool helps Nurses to talk about healthier habits to parents
- 2010
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Ingår i: Special Issue: Abstracts of the 11th International Congress on Obesity, 11-15 July 2010, Stockholm, Sweden. - Chichester, England : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 88-88
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: A new tool for nurses to communicate healthier habits to parents of children at 18 months and 3 years of age has been developed and implemented by a registered dietitian at the children’s health care centre (CHCC) in Skaraborg, Sweden. The tool contains questions and information about meal order, drinks, candy, snacks, fat and physical activity. Our aim was to describe the nurses’ experiences of the tool and supervision from the registered dietician at the CHCC. Methods: The tool was evaluated after 14 months in practice. In three focus groups 17 nurses participated. A structured interview guide was used and the interviews were transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings were triangulated by a questionnaire within all nurses in Skaraborg (n = 76). Results: The nurses described their experiences in terms of comparison with the previous tool, practicability, parent’s reactions and improvement. Using the previous tool the nurses felt uncertain when talking about healthier habits. With the new tool the nurses expressed that they felt more confident. Parents were also more engaged in the dialogue. The discussion regarding physical activity was not satisfactory and the question needed improvement. The questionnaire showed, 98% of the nurses wanted to continue with the tool, and 86% found the question about physical activity needed revision. Conclusion: This is a new approach to prevent child obesity. The tool simplified the communication with parents and with supervision from dietitian, it lead to a higher quality in promoting healthier habits at CHCC.
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| 17. |
- Lydell, Marie, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Health promotion partnership to promote physical activity in Swedish children with ASD and ADHD
- 2022
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Ingår i: Health Promotion International. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 37:6, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher risk of inactivity, and efforts to promote physical activity among this population have been limited. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) may be a suitable tool for motivating participation in physical activity among children with these diagnoses. However, PAP calls for synergy and partnership between health care and other sectors of the community. The aim of this study was to describe a health promotion partnership for physical activity targeting children with ASD or ADHD. Data were obtained through individual interviews with professionals at CAP (n = 11) and three focus-group interviews with coaches from local sports clubs. We used the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning as the theoretical framework and used qualitative content analysis as the method of analysis to study partnerships between professionals from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAP) and coaches from local sport clubs. The findings demonstrate that the partnerships included both positive and negative processes. Although the two partners shared values regarding the project, such as working for a good cause for the children and seeing the potential in the collaboration, there were doubts about sharing common resources and uncertainties about the sustainability of the PAP project. Challenges remain and further research is needed into developing, monitoring and evaluating health promotion partnerships when promoting physical activity for all. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.
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| 18. |
- Morgan, Antony, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing knowledge on social capital for young people's mental health
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Promotion International. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 36:2, s. 535-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inequalities in young people's mental health have been documented according to social class but less is known about determinants that can buffer or mediate the relationship. Social capital has the potential to contribute to alleviating observed health inequalities. However, clarity about how it can be understood and measured in relation to mental health among younger populations remains inconsistent. This scoping review examined published literature to investigate how social capital has been researched for young people's mental health. An established framework was used to guide the methodology. Studies were included: on age (10-19 years); publication year (since 2000); language (English). Only studies using social capital as a central theme were included. No restriction was placed on mental health outcomes. Nine bibliographic databases were interrogated. Articles (1541) were screened, 793 retained for analysis and 73 articles were included. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe. Twenty per cent provided insights into how social capital should be described in relation to young people. A majority of the studies provided links between varying social capital indicators and a range of mental health outcomes (70%), however such evidence was associational. Only few studies inferred the causal direction between social capital and health (10%) and there were no dedicated studies on measurement. Findings suggest that literature on social capital and young people's mental health has grown but continues to be variously described and measured. It requires better utilization of existing knowledge and new research to improve its application in practice. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nyholm, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring dietary patterns, obesity and sources of bias: the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP).
- 2013
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 16:4, s. 631-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Dietary patterns capture the overall diet and thereby provide information on how nutrients are consumed in combinations, and have been suggested to be a better method than studying single nutrients. The present study explored the relationship between dietary patterns at baseline and incidence of obesity at 10-year follow-up in women. Design A longitudinal study using baseline measurements from 1992–1996, including food intake, medication, heredity, socio-economic status, lifestyle and measured body composition, and follow-up data collected in 2002–2006 including measured body composition. Setting Data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) in Sweden. Subjects A total of 6545 initially non-obese women aged 30–50 years. Results Among women reporting plausible energy intakes, the ‘Fruit and vegetables cluster’ predicted the highest incidence of obesity (OR = 1·76, 95 % CI 1·11, 2·76; P = 0·015) compared with women in the other food pattern groups combined. When adjusting for metabolic factors and BMI at baseline, the risk for obesity in the ‘Fruit and vegetables cluster’ was attenuated to non-significance. In contrast, high intake of fruit per se was associated with a decreased risk of developing obesity (OR = 0·69, 95 % CI 0·51, 0·91; P = 0·010). Conclusions Dietary pattern groups identified by cluster analysis are likely to reflect characteristics in addition to diet, including lifestyle, previous and current health status and risk factors for future disease, whereas intake of fruit per se was a stable indicator and less affected by baseline characteristics. These results underscore the need for complementary methods in understanding diet–disease relationships.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Rosenberg, David, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Shared decision making in community mental health services - an evaluation of three self-reporting instruments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Mental Health. - Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge. - 0963-8237 .- 1360-0567. ; 26:2, s. 142-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the potential impact of shared decision making on users satisfaction with care and quality in health care decisions, there is a lack of knowledge and skills regarding how to work with shared decision making among health care providers.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of three instruments that measure varied dimensions of shared decision making, based on self-reports by clients, in a Swedish community mental health context.Method: The study sample consisted of 121 clients with experience of community mental health care, and involved in a wide range of decisions regarding both social support and treatment. The questionnaires were examined for face and content validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity.Results: The instruments displayed good face and content validity, satisfactory internal consistency and a moderate to good level of stability in test-retest reliability with fair to moderate construct correlations, in a sample of clients with serious mental illness and experience of community mental health services in Sweden.Conclusions: The questionnaires are considered to be relevant to the decision making process, user-friendly and appropriate in a Swedish community mental health care context. They functioned well in settings where non-medical decisions, regarding social and support services, are the primary focus. The use of instruments that measure various dimensions of the self-reported experience of clients, can be a key factor in developing knowledge of how best to implement shared decision making in mental health services.
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| 23. |
- Skantze, Caroline, Doktorand, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Parents’ Experiences of Communication With School Nurses About Their Child's Weight Development in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of School Nursing. - Thousand Oaks, CA : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 1059-8405 .- 1546-8364.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe parents’ experiences of communication with school nurses concerning the growth data and weight development of their children aged 8 and 10 years old in Sweden. Eighteen interviews with parents were conducted and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The result showed a need for improved dialogue where the parents viewed the health visit's purpose as unclear and lacked feedback. The parents desired access to their child's growth data and described the need for an improved channel for receiving information. The parents moreover experienced the lack of a child-centered perspective, described the child's context as not in focus, and desired collaboration around their child. This study shows the need for the development of evidence-based methods for communicating growth data and weight development between School Health Service (SHS) and parents, as well as the need for a reformed SHS perspective towards parents and children.
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| 24. |
- Svedberg, Petra, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported objective and subjective indicators of socio-economic status and mental health between two adolescent age groups in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 24:Suppl. 2, s. 31-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research has shown that socio-economic status (SES) contributes to the mental health of adolescents; however the causality of this effect is debated. SES among adolescents is methodologically difficult to assess and SES indicators differ between age groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate objective and subjective indicators of SES and their relation to mental health in two adolescent age groups.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data collected by self- report questionnaires from 11-13 years old n = 457 (younger age group) and 14-16 years old n = 462 (older age group) adolescents at schools in a rural town in south western Sweden. The Family Affluence Scale (FAS) (high, medium, low) and Perceived Wealth (PW) (high, medium, low) were used as measurement for objective and subjective socio-economic wealth. The domain psychological functioning health from the Minneapolis Manchester Quality of Life instrument (MMQL-PF) (continuous variable) was used to measure self-rated mental health.Results: When measuring SES using the two different scales, the proportion of adolescents in the younger age group stating a low SES was 28.1% using FAS and 12.1% using PW. In the older age group the proportion was 21.4% in FAS and 15.5% in PW. There was a positive significant relation between PW and self-rated mental health in both age groups, by 0.112 (95% CI.0.024; 0.199) in the younger age group and by 0.140 (95% CI.0.051; 0.223) in the older age group. This relation was not seen regarding FAS.Conclusion: In the search for SES’ relation to mental health, different aspects of adolescents’ socio-economic conditions should be considered. In this study we suggest that the subjective experiences of adolescents regarding the wealth of the family might be a stronger indicator of SES influencing mental health. This might be taken into consideration when planning for public health interventions and effective prevention programs suited for adolescents with lower SES. Key message:In the search for SES’ relation to mental health, different aspects of adolescents’ socio-economic conditions should be considered.© The Author 2014
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Svedberg, Petra, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The validity of socioeconomic status measures among adolescents based on self-reported information about parents occupations, FAS and perceived SES; implication for health related quality of life studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Research Methodology. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2288. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundResearch has shown inconsistencies in results and difficulties in conceptualization of assessment of socioeconomic status (SES) among adolescents. The aim of this study was thus to test the validity of self-reported information on SES in two age-groups (11–13 and 14–16 years old) in an adolescent population and to evaluate its relationship to self-reported health related quality of life (HRQOL). Different measures of SES commonly used in research in relation to HRQOL were tested in this study; parent’s occupations status, family material affluence status (FAS) and perceived SES.MethodA cross-sectional study, with a sample of 948 respondents (n = 467, 11–13 years old and n = 481, 14–16 years old) completed questionnaires about SES and HRQOL. The adolescents’ completion rates were used, with chi2-test, to investigate differences between gender and age-group. Correlation was used for convergent validity and ANOVA for concurrent validity.ResultsWe found a low completion rate for both fathers’ (41.7 %) and mothers' (37.5 %) occupation status, and a difference in completion rate between gender and age-groups. FAS had the highest completion rate (100 %) compared to parent's occupations status and perceived SES. The convergent validity between the SES-indicators was weak (Spearman correlation coefficient below 0.3), suggesting that the indicators measured different dimensions of SES. Both FAS and perceived SES showed a gradient in mean HRQOL between low and high SES in relation to HRQOL, this was significant only for perceived SES (p < 0.01, both age-groups).ConclusionThis study indicates the need for considering different approaches to measures of SES among adolescences and when evaluating SES in relation to HRQOL. Further research is needed to investigate sustainable ways to measure SES, delineating the relevance of tangible measures of education, occupation and income in relation to the perceived socioeconomic status in comparison with others in immediate social networks and in society at large.
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| 27. |
- Torsheim, Torbjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Social inequalities in self-rated health : A comparative cross-national study among 32,560 Nordic adolescents
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:1, s. 150-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: We aimed to estimate the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in self-rated health among Nordic adolescents (aged 11, 13 and 15 years) using the Family Affluence Scale (a composite measure of material assets) and perceived family wealth as indicators of socioeconomic status.METHODS: Data were collected from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2013-2014. A sample of 32,560 adolescents from Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Greenland and Sweden was included in the study. Age-adjusted regression analyses were used to estimate associations between fair or poor self-rated health and the ridit scores for family affluence and perceived wealth.RESULTS: The pooled relative index of inequality of 2.10 indicates that the risk of fair or poor health was about twice as high for young people with the lowest family affluence relative to those with the highest family affluence. The relative index of inequality for observed family affluence was highest in Denmark and lowest in Norway. For perceived family wealth, the pooled relative index of inequality of 3.99 indicates that the risk of fair or poor health was about four times as high for young people with the lowest perceived family wealth relative to those with the highest perceived family wealth. The relative index of inequality for perceived family wealth was highest in Iceland and lowest in Greenland.CONCLUSIONS: Social inequality in self-rated health among adolescents was found to be robust across subjective and objective indicators of family affluence in the Nordic welfare states. © Author(s) 2017
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| 28. |
- Wiman, Virginia, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Views of the workplace as a health promotion arena among managers of small companies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health Education Journal. - London : Sage Publications. - 0017-8969 .- 1748-8176. ; 75:8, s. 950-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Several studies have shown that workplace health promotion leads to better health, increased productivity, as well as reduced absenteeism and presenteeism among employees. The objective of this study was to describe how managers in small companies (10–19 employees) perceive their company as an arena for promoting employees’ health.Method: A sample of 10 managers (four women) was strategically selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each person. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis focused on both manifest and latent content.Results: Three main categories emerged from the analysis: the potential to promote employees’ health, responsibility as an employer and the need for external support. An arena for workplace health promotion is created when managers prioritise health at the workplace.Conclusion: Small companies often lack the knowledge and resources to manage health and safety problems and also have less access to occupational health services. This paper highlights the importance of the views of small company managers as resources for the development of health promotion. © 2016 by Health Education Journal
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| 29. |
- Wiman, Virginia, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace health promotion; views from managers of small companies
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 22:Suppl. 2, s. 129-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Workplace health promotion leads to better health, high morale, increased productivity and reduced absenteeism among employees. The role of leadership is vital when creating strategies for workplace health promotion. Small companies (less than 50 employees) have increased need for health promotion, as they often lack knowledge and resources to manage health and safety problems. Moreover, small companies have less access to occupational health service. The aim of this study was to describe how managers at small companies perceive their company as an arena for health promotion. Methods: A sample of ten managers (four females) was strategically selected using maximal variation in terms of branch of industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis comprised of both manifest and latent content and triangulation between the authors was used. Results: Three main categories emerged from the analysis; sees the workplace as a possible arena, sees the opportunity to promote employees health and sees a need for external support. More in-depth analysis resulted in six subcategories. The latent content of these categories is described by the theme; Health promotion leadership in order to perceive the company as a health promotion arena. A key factor for workplace health promotion was the manager´s view of health promotion as a beneficial factor for the company. Furthermore, the managers expressed that they could promote employees´ health by organizing health promotion activities and promote a positive psychosocial work environment. The findings showed a need for easily accessible external support to assist managers in their work with health promotion. It is essential that the external support contributes with inspiration and knowledge of health promotion activities, for example by highlighting good practice from other small companies. Conclusions: Using the manager´s view about the workplace as an arena for promoting health can be a step towards strategies for implementing workplace health promotion. However, for the development of healthy organizations it is necessary to have a comprehensive strategy in which employers, employees and society is pursuing the same goal.
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| 30. |
- Östberg, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Tooth loss and obesity in a defined Swedish population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London, England : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:4, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To explore the association between tooth loss and obesity in an adult Swedish population, and to investigate the influence of socioeconomy, life-style, and co-morbidity.Methods: A cross-sectional population health survey conducted in 2001-2005 in 2816 randomly selected Swedish men and women (age: 30-74 years; participation rate 76%). Main measures were; tooth loss: < 20 remaining teeth (self-reported), general obesity: BMI[≥]30 kg m-2, abdominal obesity: waist circumference > 88 in women and > 102 cm in men. Adjustments were made for socioeconomy, life-style, and co-morbidity.Results: 420 individuals (21.2%) had < 20 remaining teeth: 30-59 years 6.0%, 60-74 years 53.5%. Mean BMI was similar in men and women (26.9 kg m-2), however, both general and abdominal obesity was still more frequent among women (both p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between age and tooth loss in the association with both general (p = 0.004) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.011) in men. In participants below 60 years of age, the association between tooth loss and general obesity (OR 2.17 [95% CI 1.51 - 3.12]) and abdominal obesity (2.23 [1.58 - 3.15]), respectively, was statistically significant independent of age and gender, and remained so also when accounting for differences in socioeconomy, life-style, and co-morbidity. There was no similar association in those 60 years or older. The findings in men and women were robust and concordant.Conclusions: Common mechanisms for oral health and obesity should be explored more also including longitudinal designs. The findings are important for targeting comprehensive interventions against obesity and tooth loss, especially among younger adults.
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