| 1. |
- Larsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud
- 2007
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 466:3, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Molecular oxygen, O2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O2 emission.Aims: The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium. Methods: The Odin satellite carries a 1.1 m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core ρ Oph A was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results: We detect a spectral line at v_LSR =+3.5 km s-1 with Δ v_FWHM=1.5 km s-1, parameters which are also common to other species associated with ρ Oph A. This feature is identified as the O2 (NJ = 11 - 1_0) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions: The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H{2} , is 5 × 10-8 averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Étude Spatiale (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation has been the industrial prime contractor and also is operating the satellite. Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
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| 2. |
- Sennefelt Nyman, Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Study protocol for locoregional precision treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with transarterial chemoembolisation (TACTida), a clinical study : idarubicin dose selection, tissue response and survival
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related death, often detected in the intermediate stage. The standard of care for intermediate-stage HCC is transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE), where idarubicin (IDA) is a promising drug. Despite the fact that TACE has been used for several decades, treatment success is unpredictable. This clinical trial has been designed believing that further improvement might be achieved by increasing the understanding of interactions between local pharmacology, tumour targeting, HCC pathophysiology, metabolomics and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study population of this single-centre clinical trial consists of adults with intermediate-stage HCC. Each tumour site will receive TACE with two different IDA doses, 10 and 15 mg, on separate occasions. Before and after each patient's first TACE blood samples, tissue and liquid biopsies, and positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI will be performed. Blood samples will be used for pharmacokinetics (PK) and liver function evaluation. Tissue biopsies will be used for histopathology analyses, and culturing of primary organoids of tumour and non-tumour tissue to measure cell viability, drug response, multiomics and gene expression. Multiomics analyses will also be performed on liquid biopsies. PET/MRI will be used to evaluate tumour viability and liver metabolism. The two doses of IDA will be compared regarding PK, antitumour effects and safety. Imaging, molecular biology and multiomics data will be used to identify HCC phenotypes and their relation to drug uptake and metabolism, treatment response and survival.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Participants give informed consent. Personal data are deidentified. A patient will be withdrawn from the study if considered medically necessary, or if it is the wish of the patient. The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr. 2021-01928) and by the Medical Product Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EudraCT number: 2021-001257-31.
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| 3. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A novel method for creatinine adjustment makes the revised Lund-Malmö GFR estimating equation applicable in children
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 80:6, s. 456-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to establish creatinine growth curves separately for males and females that can be used to adjust childhood levels of serum creatinine to corresponding adult levels. Linear regression with fractional polynomials of age as independent variable was used to construct creatinine growth curves for a reference cohort (n = 83,157 samples from Belgium and Sweden, age 2-40 years). Adjusted creatinine obtained from the growth curves was used to improve accuracy of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on the Lund-Malmö revised (LMR) equation in children. The LMR equation based on creatinine values adjusted to age 18 years was validated against measured GFR (mGFR) in a separate cohort of 4005 children from four different European countries. Validation metrics included median bias, precision, and accuracy expressed as percentage of estimates within ±30% (P30) of mGFR. Remarkable improvements in bias and accuracy were observed; P30 increased from 56% to 74% after creatinine adjustments in children with mGFR <75 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 932), while P30 was relatively unchanged (89-90%) at mGFR ≥75 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 3073). The suggested approach with adjusted creatinine makes LMR applicable in children irrespective of their renal function.
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| 4. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate in children and young adults by means of the CKD-EPI equation with age-adjusted creatinine values
- 2021
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538. ; 99:4, s. 940-947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CKD-EPI creatinine-based estimation equation for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) cannot be used in children, overestimates GFR in young adults, and its combination with the KDIGO recommended pediatric CKiD (Schwartz bedside) equation causes implausible increases in estimated GFR when switching from pediatric to adult care. By establishing sex-specific creatinine growth curves for children and young adults, creatinine levels of children and young adults below age 40 years were adjusted with 40 as assigned age and applied in the CKD-EPI equation. Validation was performed in 4005 children (2–17 years) and 3309 young adults (18–39 years) using metrics based on bias, precision, and accuracy including percentage of estimates within 30% (P30) of measured GFR (mGFR). Comparisons were made with the CKiD and Schwartz-Lyon equations in children. CKD-EPI with age-adjusted creatinine instead of actual age and creatinine led to extensive improvements in bias, precision, and accuracy at all ages, in both sexes and at all levels of mGFR. At mGFR below and above 75 mL/min/1.73m2, the P30 increased from 12% to 75% and 33% to 88% in children, respectively, and from 56% to 73% and 83% to 92% in young adults, respectively. In children adjusted CKD-EPI was more accurate than CKiD, especially above mGFR 75 mL/min/1.73m2 (P30 88% vs. 82%), while Schwartz-Lyon was more accurate than adjusted CKD-EPI at mGFR below 75 mL/min/1.73m2 (P30 81% vs. 75%). Thus, the proposed strategy based on age-adjusted creatinine in children and young adults makes the CKD-EPI equation applicable across the full spectrum of age and kidney function.
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| 5. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate in children and young adults using the CKD-EPI equation with age-adjusted creatinine values
- 2021
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 99:4, s. 940-947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CKD-EPI creatinine-based estimation equation for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) cannot be used in children, overestimates GFR in young adults, and its combination with the KDIGO recommended pediatric CKiD (Schwartz bedside) equation causes implausible increases in estimated GFR when switching from pediatric to adult care. By establishing sex-specific creatinine growth curves for children and young adults, creatinine levels of children and young adults below age 40 years were adjusted with 40 as assigned age and applied in the CKD-EPI equation. Validation was performed in 4005 children (2-17 years) and 3309 young adults (18-39 years) using metrics based on bias, precision, and accuracy including percentage of estimates within 30% (P30) of measured GFR (mGFR). Comparisons were made with the CKiD and Schwartz-Lyon equations in children. CKD-EPI with age-adjusted creatinine instead of actual age and creatinine led to extensive improvements in bias, precision, and accuracy at all ages, in both sexes and at all levels of mGFR. At mGFR below and above 75 mL/min/1.73m2, the P30 increased from 12% to 75% and 33% to 88% in children, respectively, and from 56% to 73% and 83% to 92% in young adults, respectively. In children adjusted CKD-EPI was more accurate than CKiD, especially above mGFR 75 mL/min/1.73m2 (P30 88% vs. 82%), while Schwartz-Lyon was more accurate than adjusted CKD-EPI at mGFR below 75 mL/min/1.73m2 (P30 81% vs. 75%). Thus, the proposed strategy based on age-adjusted creatinine in children and young adults makes the CKD-EPI equation applicable across the full spectrum of age and kidney function.
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| 6. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for improved glomerular filtration rate estimation based on creatinine—results from a transnational multicentre study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Kidney Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2048-8505 .- 2048-8513. ; 13:4, s. 674-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation is routinely used to assess renal function but exhibits varying accuracy depending on patient characteristics and clinical presentation. The overall aim of the present study was to assess if and to what extent glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation based on creatinine can be improved.MethodsIn a cross-sectional analysis covering the years 2003–17, CKD-EPI was validated against measured GFR (mGFR; using various tracer methods) in patients with high likelihood of chronic kidney disease (CKD; five CKD cohorts, n = 8365) and in patients with low likelihood of CKD (six community cohorts, n = 6759). Comparisons were made with the Lund–Malmö revised equation (LMR) and the Full Age Spectrum equation.Results7In patients aged 18–39 years old, CKD-EPI overestimated GFR with 5.0–16 mL/min/1.73 m2 in median in both cohort types at mGFR levels <120 mL/min/1.73 m2. LMR had greater accuracy than CKD-EPI in the CKD cohorts (P30, the percentage of estimated GFR within 30% of mGFR, 83.5% versus 76.6%). CKD-EPI was generally the most accurate equation in the community cohorts, but all three equations reached P30 above the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative benchmark of 90%.ConclusionsNone of the evaluated equations made optimal use of available data. Prospects for improved GFR estimation procedures based on creatinine exist, particularly in young adults and in settings where patients with suspected or manifest CKD are investigated.
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| 7. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of standardized creatinine and cystatin C GFR estimating equations in a large multicentre European cohort of children
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0931-041X .- 1432-198X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most validations of paediatric glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations using standardized creatinine (CR) and cystatin C (CYS) assays have comprised relatively small cohorts, which makes accuracy across subgroups of GFR, age, body mass index (BMI) and gender uncertain. To overcome this, a large cohort of children referred for GFR determination has been established from several European medical centres. Methods: Three thousand four hundred eight measurements of GFR (mGFR) using plasma clearance of exogenous substances were performed in 2218 children aged 2–17 years. Validated equations included Schwartz-2009CR/2012CR/CYS/CR+CYS, FASCR/CYS/CR+CYS, LMRCR, Schwartz-LyonCR, BergCYS, CAPACYS, CKD-EPICYS, AndersenCR+CYS and arithmetic means of the best single-marker equations in explorative analysis. Five metrics were used to compare the performance of the GFR equations: bias, precision and three accuracy measures including the percentage of GFR estimates (eGFR) within ± 10% (P10) and ± 30% (P30) of mGFR. Results: Three of the cystatin C equations, BergCYS, CAPACYS and CKD-EPICYS, exhibited low bias and generally satisfactory accuracy across all levels of mGFR; CKD-EPICYS had more stable performance across gender than the two other equations. Among creatinine equations, Schwartz-LyonCR had the best performance but was inaccurate at mGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and in underweight patients. Arithmetic means of the best creatinine and cystatin C equations above improved bias compared to the existing composite creatinine+cystatin C equations. Conclusions: The present study strongly suggests that cystatin C should be the primary biomarker of choice when estimating GFR in children with decreased GFR. Arithmetic means of well-performing single-marker equations improve accuracy further at most mGFR levels and have practical advantages compared to composite equations.
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| 8. |
- Delanaye, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in White and Black populations in Europe, Brazil, and Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press. - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 38:1, s. 106-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equation without race variable has been recently proposed (CKD-EPIAS). This equation has neither been validated outside USA nor compared to the new European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) and Lund-Malmö Revised (LMREV) equations, developed in European cohorts.METHODS: Standardized creatinine and measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from the European EKFC cohorts (n = 13 856 including 6031 individuals in the external validation cohort), from France, (n = 4429, including 964 Black Europeans), from Brazil (n = 100), and from Africa (n = 508) were used to test the performances of the equations. A matched analysis between White Europeans and Black Africans or Black Europeans was performed.RESULTS: In White Europeans (n = 9496), both the EKFC and LMREV equations outperformed CKD-EPIAS (bias of -0.6 and -3.2, respectively versus 5.0 mL/min/1.73m², and accuracy within 30% of 86.9 and 87.4, respectively versus 80.9%). In Black Europeans and Black Africans, the best performance was observed with the EKFC equation using a specific Q-value ( = concentration of serum creatinine in healthy males and females). These results were confirmed in matched analyses, which showed that serum creatinine concentrations were different in White Europeans, Black Europeans, and Black Africans for the same measured GFR, age, sex and body mass index. Creatinine differences were more relevant in males.CONCLUSION: In a European and African cohort, the performances of CKD-EPIAS remain suboptimal. The EKFC equation, using usual or dedicated, population-specific Q-values presents the best performance in the whole age range in the European and African populations included in this study.
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| 9. |
- Delanaye, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of creatinine-based equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate with a methodology adapted to the context of drug dosage adjustment
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0306-5251 .- 1365-2125. ; 88:5, s. 2118-2127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) creatinine-based equation is still used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for drug dosage adjustment. Incorrect eGFR may lead to hazardous over- or underdosing METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, CG was validated against measured GFR (mGFR) in 14,804 participants and compared with the Modification-of-Diet-in-Renal-Diseases (MDRD), Chronic-Kidney-Disease-Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), Lund-Malmö-Revised (LMR), and European-Kidney-Function-Consortium (EKFC) equations. Validation focused on bias, imprecision, and accuracy (percentage of estimates within ±30% of mGFR, P30), overall and stratified for mGFR, age, and body mass index at mGFR <60 mL/min, as well as classification in mGFR stages.RESULTS: The CG equation performed worse than the other equations, overall and in mGFR, age and BMI subgroups in terms of bias (systematic overestimation), imprecision and accuracy except for patients ≥65 years where bias and P30 were similar to MDRD and CKD-EPI, but worse than LMR and EKFC. In subjects with mGFR<60 mL/min and at BMI [18.5-25[kg/m2 , all equations performed similarly and for BMI<18.5kg/m2 CG and LMR had the best results though all equations had poor P30-accuracy. At BMI≥25kg/m2 the bias of the CG increased with increasing BMI (+17.2mL/min at BMI≥40kg/m2 ). The four more recent equations also classified mGFR stages better than CG.CONCLUSIONS: The CG equation showed poor ability to estimate GFR overall and in analyses stratified for GFR, age, and BMI. CG was inferior to correctly classify the patients in the mGFR staging compared to more recent creatinine-based equations.
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| 10. |
- Delanaye, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) creatinine-based equation in United States cohorts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - 0085-2538. ; 105:3, s. 629-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important in daily practice to assess kidney function and adapting the best clinical care of patients with and without chronic kidney disease. The new creatinine-based European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation is used to estimate GFR. This equation was developed and validated mainly in European individuals and based on a rescaled creatinine, with the rescaling factor (Q-value) defined as the median normal value of serum creatinine in a given population. The validation was limited in Non-Black Americans and absent in Black Americans. Here, our cross-sectional analysis included 12,854 participants from nine studies encompassing large numbers of both non-Black and Black Americans with measured GFR by clearance of an exogenous marker (reference method), serum creatinine, age, sex, and self-reported race available. Two strategies were considered with population-specific Q-values in Black and non-Black men and women (EKFCPS) or a race-free Q-value (EKFCRF). In the whole population, only the EKFCPS equation showed no statistical median bias (0.14, 95% confidence interval [-0.07; 0.35] mL/min/1.73m2), and the bias for the EKFCRF (0.74, [0.51; 0.94] mL/min/1.73m2) was closer to zero than that for the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI2021) equation (1.22, [0.99; 1.47]) mL/min/1.73m2]. The percentage of estimated GFR within 30% of measured GFR was similar for CKD-EPI2021 (79.2% [78.5%; 79.9%]) and EKFCRF (80.1% [79.4%; 80.7%]), but improved for the EKFCPS equation (81.1% [80.5%; 81.8%]). Thus, our EKFC equations can be used to estimate GFR in the United States incorporating either self-reported race or unknown race at the patient's discretion per hospital registration records.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Devarakonda, Sravani, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Fiber and the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche in a Model of Pelvic Radiotherapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 475, s. 137-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- sought to determine whether radiation to the colorectum had an impact on parameters of hippocampal neurogenesis and, if so, whether it could be modulated by a fiber-rich diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing bioprocessed oat bran or a fiber-free diet, starting two weeks before colorectal irradiation with 4 fractions of 8 Gray or sham-irradiation. Diets were then continued for 1, 6 or 18 weeks, whereafter parameters of hippocampal neurogenesis were analyzed and correlated to serum cytokine levels. No statistically significant changes in neuronal markers or cell proliferation were found at one week post-irradiation. Six weeks postirradiation there was a decreased cell proliferation in the subgranular zone that appeared slightly more pronounced in irradiated animals on a fiber-free diet and increased numbers of immature neurons per mm2 dentate gyrus in the irradiated mice, with a statistically significant increase in mice on a fiber-rich diet. Microglial abundancy was similar between all groups. 18 weeks post-irradiation, a fiber-free diet had reduced the number of immature neurons, whereas irradiation resulted in an increase. Despite this, the population of mature neurons was stable. Analysis of serum cytokines revealed a negative correlation between MIP1-a and the number of immature neurons one week after irradiation, regardless of diet. Our findings show that pelvic radiotherapy has the potential to cause a long-lasting impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, and dietary interventions may modulate this impact. More in-depth studies on the relationship between irradiation-induced intestinal injury and brain health are warranted. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Egeblad, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and functional studies of the human phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1
- 2010
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Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 277:23, s. 4920-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) (EC 2.4.2.8) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective nucleoside monophosphates. Human HPRT deficiency as a result of genetic mutations is linked to both Lesch-Nyhan disease and gout. In the present study, we have characterized phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1 (PRTFDC1), a human HPRT homolog of unknown function. The PRTFDC1 structure has been determined at 1.7 Å resolution with bound GMP. The overall structure and GMP binding mode are very similar to that observed for HPRT. Using a thermal-melt assay, a nucleotide metabolome library was screened against PRTFDC1 and revealed that hypoxanthine and guanine specifically interacted with the enzyme. It was subsequently confirmed that PRTFDC1 could convert these two bases into their corresponding nucleoside monophosphate. However, the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of PRTFDC1 towards hypoxanthine and guanine was only 0.26% and 0.09%, respectively, of that of HPRT. This low activity could be explained by the fact that PRTFDC1 has a Gly in the position of the proposed catalytic Asp of HPRT. In PRTFDC1, a water molecule at the position of the aspartic acid side chain position in HPRT might be responsible for the low activity observed by acting as a weak base. The data obtained in the present study indicate that PRTFDC1 does not have a direct catalytic role in the nucleotide salvage pathway.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Engdahl, Emma, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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#Metoo : En kamp för socialt erkännande och rättvisa
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - Huddinge : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 58:3, s. 199-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- #Metoo. A struggle for social recognition and justiceIn the article Honneth's theory of social recognition and Frickers' theory of epistemic injustice is used to analyse testimonies of sexual harassment. The study is based on a content analysis of the testimonies about sexual harassment that are included in the 65 Swedish #metoo calls. Those who testified talk about what, with help of Honneth's theory, can be described as a systematic withholding of social recognition. They are denied solidarity and rights through sexualized physical and psychological abuse, which has a negative impact on their basic self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem. In practice, the actions of the perpetrators result in both personal suffering for the women who has been subjected to sexual harassment and to the exclusion of them from social contexts. The latter takes place by the women either leaving the context in which they have been subjected to sexual harassment or to their participation in the context being conditional. For example, they must refrain from telling what they have been through or they lack support when they do. In the article, the difficulty of mobilizing support for those who are subjected to sexual harassment is interpreted as an effect of epistemic injustice.
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| 17. |
- Engdahl, Emma, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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#Metoo. En kamp för socialt erkännande och rättvisa : #Metoo. A struggle for social recognition and justice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sociologisk Forskning, Swedish Sociological Association. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 58:3, s. 199-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- #Metoo. A struggle for social recognition and justice In the article Honneth’s theory of social recognition and Frickers’ theory of epistemic injustice is used to analyse testimonies of sexual harassment . The study is based on a content analysis of the testimonies about sexual harassment that are included in the 65 Swedish #metoo calls . Those who testified talk about what, with help of Honneth’s theory, can be described as a systematic withholding of social recognition . They are denied solidarity and rights through sexualized physical and psychological abuse, which has a negative impact on their basic self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem . In practice, the actions of the perpetrators result in both personal suffering for the women who has been subjected to sexual harassment and to the exclusion of them from social contexts . The latter takes place by the women either leaving the context in which they have been subjected to sexual harassment or to their participation in the context being conditional . For example, they must refrain from telling what they have been through or they lack support when they do . In the article, the difficulty of mobilizing support for those who are subjected to sexual harassment is interpreted as an effect of epistemic injustice .
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| 18. |
- Hallert, Claes, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing Fecal Butyrate in Ulcerative Colitis Patients by Diet : Controlled Pilot Study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 9:2, s. 116-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topical butyrate has been shown to be effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Butyrate is derived from colonic fermentation of dietary fiber, and our aim was to study whether UC patients could safely increase the fecal butyrate level by dietary means. We enrolled 22 patients with quiescent UC (mean age, 44 years; 45% women; median time from last relapse, 1 year) in a controlled pilot trial lasting 3 months. The patients were instructed to add 60 g oat bran (corresponding to 20 g dietary fiber) to the daily diet, mainly as bread slices. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, disease activity, and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded every 4 weeks. During the oat bran intervention the fecal butyrate concentration increased by 36% at 4 weeks (from 11 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM) to 15 +/- 2 mumol/g feces) (p < 0.01). The mean butyrate concentration over the entire test period was 14 +/-1 μmol/g feces (p < 0.05). Remaining fecal SCFA levels were unchanged. No patient showed signs of colitis relapse. Unlike controls, the patients showed no increase in gastrointestinal complaints during the trial. Yet patients reporting abdominal pain and reflux complaints at entry showed significant improvement at 12 weeks that returned to baseline 3 months later. This pilot study shows that patients with quiescent UC can safely take a diet rich in oat bran specifically to increase the fecal butyrate level. This may have clinical implications and warrants studies of the long-term benefits of using oat bran in the maintenance therapy in UC.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Henningsson, Anna J., et al.
(författare)
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Complement activation in Lyme neuroborreliosis : increased levels of C1q and C3a in cerebrospinal fluid indicate complement activation in the CNS
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5728 .- 1872-8421. ; 183:1-2, s. 200-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong initial inflammatory response is important in neuroborreliosis. Since complement is a main player in early inflammation, we monitored the concentration and activation of complement in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from 298 patients, of whom 23 were diagnosed with neuroborreliosis. Using sandwich ELISAs, we found significantly elevated levels of C1q, C4, C3, and C3a in cerebrospinal fluid, but not in plasma, in patients with neuroborreliosis. This finding indicates that complement plays a role in the human immune response in neuroborreliosis, that the immunologic process is compartmentalized to the CNS, and that complement activation may occur via the classical pathway.
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| 21. |
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Highlights from the first year of Odin observations
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402, s. L39-L46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key Odin operational and instrumental features and highlights from our sub-millimetre and millimetre wave observations of H2O, H218O, NH3, 15NH3 and O2 are presented, with some insights into accompanying Odin Letters in this A&A issue. We focus on new results where Odin's high angular resolution, high frequency resolution, large spectrometer bandwidths, high sensitivity or/and frequency tuning capability are crucial: H2O mapping of the Orion KL, W3, DR21, S140 regions, and four comets; H2O observations of Galactic Centre sources, of shock enhanced H2O towards the SNR IC443, and of the candidate infall source IRAS 16293-2422; H218O detections in Orion KL and in comet Ikeya-Zhang; sub-mm detections of NH3 in Orion KL (outflow, ambient cloud and bar) and ρ Oph, and very recently, of 15NH3 in~Orion KL. Simultaneous sensitive searches for the 119 GHz line of O2 have resulted in very low abundance limits, which are difficult to accomodate in chemical models. We also demonstrate, by means of a quantitative comparison of Orion KL H2O results, that the Odin and SWAS observational data sets are very consistently calibrated. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes), and the Centre National d'études Spatiales (CNES, France). The Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) has been the prime industrial contractor, and is also responsible for the satellite operation from its Odin Mission Control Centre at SSC in Solna and its Odin Control Centre at ESRANGE near Kiruna in northern Sweden. See also the SNSB Odin web page: http://www.snsb.se/eng_odin_intro.shtml
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| 22. |
- Ideböhn, Veronica, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Symmetry breaking in core-valence double ionisation of allene
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Communications Chemistry. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3669. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allene serves as a model to study multiple ionization of organic molecules. Here, the authors use synchrotron radiation-based multi-particle coincidence techniques and high-level ab initio calculations to propose a simple physical model to elucidate the symmetry breaking in core-valence double ionization of allene. Conventional electron spectroscopy is an established one-electron-at-the-time method for revealing the electronic structure and dynamics of either valence or inner shell ionized systems. By combining an electron-electron coincidence technique with the use of soft X-radiation we have measured a double ionisation spectrum of the allene molecule in which one electron is removed from a C1s core orbital and one from a valence orbital, well beyond Siegbahns Electron-Spectroscopy-for-Chemical-Analysis method. This core-valence double ionisation spectrum shows the effect of symmetry breaking in an extraordinary way, when the core electron is ejected from one of the two outer carbon atoms. To explain the spectrum we present a new theoretical approach combining the benefits of a full self-consistent field approach with those of perturbation methods and multi-configurational techniques, thus establishing a powerful tool to reveal molecular orbital symmetry breaking on such an organic molecule, going beyond Lowdins standard definition of electron correlation.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(författare)
-
Invisible barriers
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Fire Risk Management. - 1757-1324. ; :May, s. 28-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(författare)
-
Koncept för skydd mot brand och brandgasspridning i gruvor : Slutrapport
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målsättningen med projektet var att ta fram information om brandutveckling och rökspridning igruvor. Resultaten skulle användas för att ta fram rekommendationer för de deltagandegruvföretagen. Resultaten skulle också användas som underlag i framtida riskanalyser och i detsystematiska brandskyddsarbetet. Metoder och verktyg för att bestämma brandutveckling ifordon och rökspridning skulle valideras och utvärderas. Kunskapen skulle kunna användas inomgruvindustrin, men även för andra områden så som bränder i tunnlar under byggnation. Projektetska förstärka forskningsprofilen inom högskolan när det gäller brandsäkerhet iundermarksanläggningar och resultaten skall implementeras i grundutbildningen.Projektarbetet har varit delvis fokuserat mot gruvföretag och delvis mot konsultföretag somarbetar inom området. Bra samarbete och diskussioner med de företag i projektet som ansvararför gruv- eller besöksdrift har varit viktigt. Gruvföretagens behov av att få ordning på sinbrandskyddsdokumentation, förståelse för säkerhetsutrustning och insatsplanering samt sittsystematiska brandskyddsarbete, har haft stor betydelse för detaljutformningen av projektet ochpå vilket sätt det har slutligen genomförts. Samarbetet med konsultföretagen har haft en annaninriktning, där fokus istället varit erfarenhetsöverföring när det gäller scenariospel, brandtekniskdimensionering och ventilationsteknik. Deras stöd och hjälp har haft stor betydelse förgenomförandet av projektet.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(författare)
-
Test Method and Performance of Fire Detection Systems in Tunnels
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings from the 7th International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security. ; , s. 485-496
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The results of a study carried out for the Swedish Transport Administration on fire detection in road tunnels is presented. Laboratory tests and numerous large-scale tests were carried out in order to verify a proposal for a test method for fire detection systems. The main aim was to investigate possible fire detector systems and to see if they could fulfil the requirement given by the Swedish Transport Administration to detect the fire within 90 seconds. The tests are presented as well as a recommendation for testing detection systems in Swedish road tunnels. In order to perform the fire test, pans of different sizes were tested in order to obtain a reasonable fire size. The method proposed requires the use of three 0.6 m diameter standard pans, each containing eight litres of 95 octane gasoline, and air flow velocities of 2 m/s and 6 m/s. It was found out that using only one 0.6 m pan is sufficient if early warning is required without identifying the position for the fire-fighting system.
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| 28. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(författare)
-
The Metro Project : Final report
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report compiles the results from the METRO project. The different parts of theproject – design fires, evacuation, integrated fire control, smoke control, extraordinarystrain onconstructions and fire- and rescue operations – are presented separately.The most complicated and expensive part of the project was the performance of thelarge scale fire and explosion tests in the Brunsberg tunnel, where the maximum heatrelease rates measured from the metro wagon was 77 MW.The main results from the project are new recommendations regarding design firesin mass transport systems, identification of key factors for fire and smoke spread in tunnelsand at stations as well as regarding the difficulties for disabled persons to evacuatefrom trains in tunnels, new recommended types of way guiding systems, safer design incase of explosions in trains and evaluation of the fire and rescue services’ possibilitiesand limitations in underground mass transport systems.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(författare)
-
The Metro Project: Final Report
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report compiles the results from the METRO-project. The different parts of the project; design fires, evacuation, integrated fire control, smoke control, extraordinary strain on constructions and fire- and rescue operations are presented separately. The most complicated and expensive part of the project was the performance of the large scale fire and explosion tests in the Brunsberg tunnel. The maximum heat release rates measured from the metro carriage was 77 MW. The maximum ceiling gas temperatures was 1118 °C. These values are high, and should be put into a perspective of the situation and the type of carriages used. The project is not recommending the highest values as the design fire, but values reflected in conditions. The egress study confirm that one of the major issues related to fire evacuation in underground transportation systems is that people often are reluctant to initiate an evacuation. New data show that participants moved with an average of 0.9 meters per second in the smoke filled environment (average visibility of 1.5–3.5 meters). A way-finding installation at the emergency exit, which consisted of a loudspeaker, was found to perform particularly well in terms of attracting people to the door. Two smoke control systems were simulated for a single exit metro station. The systems consisted of a pressurizing supply air system and mechanical exhaust ventilation system with and without platform screen doors. The results show that both the pressurizing supply air system and the mechanical exhaust air system provide effective smoke control for one exit metro station. The significance of the platform screen doors was shown to be important in relation to smoke control. Experiments and simulations have provided increased confidence in ability to simulate explosion scenarios to determine the pressure inside and outside a carriage and to be able to study variations of conditions such as carriage geometry and window designs. The explosion test performed show that an explosion with a relatively minor charge can significantly change the conditions for both evacuees and the rescue service. The results show that the conditions for evacuation and rescue operations can change dramatically as a result of a relatively minor explosion. Evaluation of methods and fire and rescue tactics in metros is given. Mapping of IR imaging as a tactical resource at tunnel fires was presented.
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| 31. |
- Johansson, Karl-Axel, et al.
(författare)
-
The quality assurance process for the ARTSCAN head and neck study - a practical interactive approach for QA in 3DCRT and IMRT.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 87:2, s. 290-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This paper describes the quality assurance (QA) work performed in the Swedish multicenter ARTSCAN (Accelerated RadioTherapy of Squamous cell CArcinomas in the head and Neck) trial to guarantee high quality in a multicenter study which involved modern radiotherapy such as 3DCRT or IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was closed in June 2006 with 750 randomised patients. Radiation therapy-related data for every patient were sent by each participating centre to the QA office where all trial data were reviewed, analysed and stored. In case of any deviation from the protocol, an interactive process was started between the QA office and the local responsible clinician and/or physicist to increase the compliance to the protocol for future randomised patients. Meetings and workshops were held on a regular basis for discussions on various trial-related issues and for the QA office to report on updated results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review covers the 734 patients out of a total of 750 who had entered the study. Deviations early in the study were corrected so that the overall compliance to the protocol was very high. There were only negligible variations in doses and dose distributions to target volumes for each specific site and stage. The quality of the treatments was high. Furthermore, an extensive database of treatment parameters was accumulated for future dose-volume vs. endpoint evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive QA programme increased the probability to draw firm conclusions from our study and may serve as a concept for QA work in future radiotherapy trials where comparatively small effects are searched for in a heterogeneous tumour population.
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| 32. |
- Khouri, Theo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
An empirical view of the extended atmosphere and inner envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star R Doradus I. Physical model based on CO lines
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 685
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The mass loss experienced on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) at the end of the lives of low- and intermediate-mass stars is widely accepted to rely on radiation pressure acting on newly formed dust grains. Dust formation happens in the extended atmospheres of these stars, where the density, velocity, and temperature distributions are strongly affected by convection, stellar pulsation, and heating and cooling processes. The interaction between these processes and how that affects dust formation and growth is complex. Hence, characterising the extended atmospheres empirically is paramount to advance our understanding of the dust formation and wind-driving processes. Aims. We aim to determine the density, temperature, and velocity distributions of the gas in the extended atmosphere of the AGB star R Dor. Methods. We acquired observations using ALMA towards R Dor to study the gas through molecular line absorption and emission. We modelled the observed 12CO v = 0, J = 2−1, v = 1, J = 2−1, and 3−2 and 13CO v = 0, J = 3−2 lines using the 3D radiative transfer code LIME to determine the density, temperature, and velocity distributions up to a distance of four times the radius of the star at sub-millimetre wavelengths. Results. The high angular resolution of the sub-millimetre maps allows for even the stellar photosphere to be spatially resolved. By analysing the absorption against the star, we infer that the innermost layer in the near-side hemisphere is mostly falling towards the star, while gas in the layer above that seems to be mostly outflowing. Interestingly, the high angular resolution of the ALMA Band 7 observations reveal that the velocity field of the gas seen against the star is not homogenous across the stellar disc. The gas temperature and density distributions have to be very steep close to the star to fit the observed emission and absorption, but they become shallower for radii larger than ∼1.6 times the stellar sub-millimetre radius. While the gas mass in the innermost region is hundreds of times larger than the mass lost on average by R Dor per pulsation cycle, the gas densities just above this region are consistent with those expected based on the mass-loss rate and expansion velocity of the large-scale outflow. Our fits to the line profiles require the velocity distribution on the far side of the envelope to be mirrored, on average, with respect to that on the near side. Using a sharp absorption feature seen in the CO v = 0, J = 2−1 line, we constrained the standard deviation of the stochastic velocity distribution in the large-scale outflow to be .0.4 km s−1. We characterised two blobs detected in the CO v = 0, J = 2−1 line and found densities substantially larger than those of the surrounding gas. The two blobs also display expansion velocities that are high relative to that of the large-scale outflow. Monitoring the evolution of these blobs will lead to a better understanding of the role of these structures in the mass-loss process of R Dor.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
-
Klinisk neuropsykologi
- 2023
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klinisk neuropsykologi är en grundbok om sambandet mellan beteende och hjärnans funktioner. Denna tredje reviderade och utökade upplaga innehåller ett flertal nyskrivna och helt nytillkomna kapitel, såsom Läkemedel och kognition, Digital testning, Symptom- och prestationsvaliditet samt ett kapitel om hjärntrötthet, Kognitiv fatigue. Del I inleds med Teorier och modeller för de viktigaste funktionsområdena, som uppmärksamhet, emotioner, språk, minne, spatial förmåga och exekutiva funktioner. I del II beskrivs Utredning och diagnostik. Här finns anvisningar för undersökning och bedömning med såväl traditionella som digitala psykologiska test samt ett nytt kapitel om den kliniska användningen av tekniker för att avbilda hjärnans struktur och funktion. I det nyskrivna kapitlet om Lurias teori och bedömningsmetod kopplas dessa till modern neurovetenskap. Del III, Skador och störningar, beskriver de kognitiva följderna av de vanligaste somatiska tillstånden, medan del IV ägnas åt Neuropsykiatriska tillstånd. Här finns ett helt nytt kapitel om Utvecklingsrelaterade funktionsnedsättningar. Del V, Behandling och åtgärder, är betydligt utökad, och innehåller ett kapitel där utvecklingen och evidensläget inom Kognitiv rehabilitering beskrivs. Klinisk neuropsykologi vänder sig till alla som behöver kunskaper om hjärnan och beteendet; främst blivande psykologer, studenter och yrkesverksamma inom hälso- och sjukvård, skola och i olika typer av omsorgsverksamhet.
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| 36. |
- Kopsida, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress response enhances the effect of doxorubicin by altering the lipid metabolism of liver cancer cells
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Molecular Metabolism. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8778. ; 79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a low and variable response to chemotherapeutic treatments. One contributing factor to the overall pharmacodynamics is the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. This is a cellular stress mechanism that becomes activated when the cell's need for protein synthesis surpasses the ER's capacity to maintain accurate protein folding, and has been implicated in creating drug-resistance in several solid tumors. Objective: To identify the role of ER-stress and lipid metabolism in mediating drug response in HCC. Methods: By using a chemically-induced mouse model for HCC, we administered the ER-stress inhibitor 4m8C and/or doxorubicin (DOX) twice weekly for three weeks post-tumor initiation. Histological analyses were performed alongside comprehensive molecular biology and lipidomics assessments of isolated liver samples. In vitro models, including HCC cells, spheroids, and patient-derived liver organoids were subjected to 4m8C and/or DOX, enabling us to assess their synergistic effects on cellular viability, lipid metabolism, and oxygen consumption rate. Results: We reveal a pivotal synergy between ER-stress modulation and drug response in HCC. The inhibition of ER-stress using 4m8C not only enhances the cytotoxic effect of DOX, but also significantly reduces cellular lipid metabolism. This intricate interplay culminates in the deprivation of energy reserves essential for the sustenance of tumor cells. Conclusions: This study elucidates the interplay between lipid metabolism and ER-stress modulation in enhancing doxorubicin efficacy in HCC. This novel approach not only deepens our understanding of the disease, but also uncovers a promising avenue for therapeutic innovation. The long-term impact of our study could open the possibility of ER-stress inhibitors and/or lipase inhibitors as adjuvant treatments for HCC-patients. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 37. |
- Kumm, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Brandsäkerhet i kabel och distributionstunnlar
- 2005
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhällets sårbarhet har de senaste åren synliggjorts genom de bränder i kabeltunnlar som orsakat stora störningar och produktionsbortfall. De samhällsekonomiska förlusterna har aktualiserat frågan om förbättrat brandskydd och ökad tillförlitlighet hos infrastruktur under mark. Nybyggnation av kabel- och distributionstunnlar kräver ofta stora tekniska och ekonomiska resurser. Detta i kombination med att tunnlar har en lång livslängd gör att befintliga tunnlar i hög grad utnyttjas när behovet av utökat kablage och ökat behov av fjärrvärme och fjärrkyla ska tillgodoses. Artikeln diskuterar översiktligt brandskydd i kabel- och distributionstunnlar och ger förslag på brandskyddstekniska åtgärder vid både nybyggnad av och utbyggnad i befintliga tunnlar. I artikeln diskuteras också ventilationssystem i denna typ av tunnlar i samband med brand och vid en eventuell insats från Räddningstjänsten. Artikeln behandlar också hur brandsäkerheten kan hanteras under de perioder, vid exempelvis nydragningar eller utbyte av kablar, som personer vistas under längre tid i tunneln. En diskussion förs slutligen om de yttre faktorer som kan påverka brandgasernas spridning och möjligheterna att styra dessa i önskad riktning.
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| 38. |
- Kumm, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Försök med mobila fläktar i Masthamnstunneln, Stockholm
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tunnlar byggs i allt större utsträckning och trenderna går mot fler och större underjordsstationer, inte enbart för tunnelbana, utan även för pendel- och fjärrtåg. På de större resecenter som byggs koncentreras flera olika trafikslag och genomströmningen av trafikanter är stor. Ventilationen av brandgaser i händelse av en brand är av central betydelse såväl vid utrymning av trafikanter och personal som ur ett insatsperspektiv.Kunskapen gällande ventilation av brandgaser i tunnel har ökat markant det senaste decenniet. Dock finns idag en mängd tunnlar som ännu används, men är byggda efter den standard som var aktuell vid tiden för byggnationen. Tunnlarna har en lång livstid och skall kunna nyttjas kanske hundra år framåt i tiden.Syftet med detta försök är att se om de mindre fläktar, som Räddningstjänsten redan förfogar över, kan vara ett alternativ vid evakuering av brandgaser i trafiktunnlar. Målsättningen är också att peka på de begränsningar som föreligger vid användandet och föreslå en strategi för den fortsatta utvärderingen.
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| 39. |
- Kumm, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Vindens påverkan på bränder i tunnlar – Tunnelportalgeometrins betydelse för luftrörelser i tunnel orsakade av yttre vind
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta projekt har omfattat vindtunnelmatningar i modellskala bade for en ren tunnel, utan omgivande berg, samt matningar i modellskala av verklighetens Masthamnstunnel i Stockholms Hamn. Inom ramen for projektet har lufthastigheter inne i tunnelmodellen studerats for olika anblasningsvinklar och olika porositet - storleksforhallanden mellan tunnelns tvarsnittsarea och det omgivande berget. Forsoken har visualiserats for att oka forstaelsen for de komplexa fenomen som upptrader vid olika anblasningsvinklar och anblasningshastigheter. Aven i modellen over Masthamnstunneln har lufthastigheter vid olika vindpablasning studerats och jamforts med tidigare forsok i vindtunnel och full skala. Tidigare matvarden i full skala har justerats efter kalibrering av givare och pa nytt jamforts med matningar i vindtunnel. Effekten av skogsbekladd terrang har studerats och indikerar stod for teorin om att luftrorelser i tunnlar i vissa fall ar stromningsdrivna istallet for som konventionellt ansett tryckdrivna. Avslutningsvis har konstaterats att ompletterande studier bor utforas for att slutgiltigt utreda de alternativa teorierna, gallande exempelvis instromningsforluster vid tunnelmynningen samt luftmotstands-koefficienter for olika bergoverbyggnader. I handelse av en brand i en tunnel kommer brandens forlopp och darmed forutsattningarna for en raddningsinsats paverkas av de yttre vindforhallandena varfor ytterligare studier kan motiveras refererande till insatspersonalens sakerhet.
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| 40. |
- Li, Ying Zhen, et al.
(författare)
-
Model scale tunnel fire tests with water-based fire suppression systems
- 2014
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 18 tests were carried out in the 1:4 model scale tunnels with water-based fire suppression systems together with one free-burn test. The key parameters including fuel load covers, activation time, water flow rate, nozzle type, ventilation velocity, sprinkler section length and tunnel width were tested. Technical information and analyses of test data are presented in this report with a focus on the influence of these different parameters on the design fire in a tunnel with a water-based fire suppression system. Further, guidance for the design fires in tunnels with water-based fire suppression systems is proposed.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Lilienberg, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
-
In vivo Drug Delivery Performance of Lipiodol-based Emulsion or Drug-eluting Beads in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 14:2, s. 448-458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Doxorubicin (DOX) delivered in a lipiodol-based emulsion (LIPDOX) or in drug-eluting beads (DEBDOX) is used as palliative treatment in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo delivery performance of DOX from LIPDOX or DEBDOX in HCC patients using the local and systemic pharmacokinetics of DOX and its main metabolite doxorubicinol (DOXol). Urinary excretion of DOX and DOXol, and their short-term safety and anti-tumor effects were also evaluated. In this open, prospective, non-randomized multi-center study, LIPDOX (n=13) or DEBDOX (n=12) were injected into the feeding arteries of the tumor. Local (vena cava/hepatic vein orifice) and systemic (peripheral vein) plasma concentrations of DOX and DOXol were determined in samples obtained up to 6 h and 7 days after treatment. Tumor response was assessed using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The Cmax and AUC0-24 h for DOX were 5.6-fold and 2.4-fold higher in LIPDOX vs DEBDOX recipients, respectively (p <0.001). After 6 h, the respective mean proportions of the dose remaining in the liver or drug-delivery system (DDS) were 49% for LIPDOX and 88% for DEBDOX. LIPDOX releases DOX faster than DEBDOX in HCC patients and provides more extensive local and systemic exposure (AUC) to DOX and DOXol initially (0-7 days). DEBDOX formulation has a release and distribution of DOX that is more restricted and rate controlled than LIPDOX.
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| 44. |
- Lilienberg, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of Hepatobiliary Disposition of Doxorubicin Following Intrahepatic Delivery of Different Dosage Forms
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:1, s. 131-144
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unresectable, intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often treated palliatively in humans by doxorubicin (DOX). The drug is administered either as a drug-emulsified-in-Lipiodol (DLIP) or as drug loaded into drug eluting beads (DEB), and both formulations are administered intrahepatically. However, several aspects of their in vivo performance in the liver are still not well-understood. In this study, DLIP and DEB were investigated regarding the local and systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of DOX and its primary metabolite doxorubicinol (DOXol). An advanced PK-multisampling site acute in vivo pig model was used for simultaneous sampling in the portal, hepatic, and femoral veins and the bile duct. The study had a randomized, parallel design with four treatment groups (TI–TIV). TI (n = 4) was used as control and received an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of DOX as a solution. TII and TIII were given a local injection in the hepatic artery with DLIP (n = 4) or DEB (n = 4), respectively. TIV (n = 2) received local injections of DLIP in the hepatic artery and bile duct simultaneously. All samples were analyzed for concentrations of DOX and DOXol with UPLC-MS/MS. Compared to DLIP, the systemic exposure for DOX with DEB was reduced (p < 0.05), in agreement with a slower in vivo release. The approximated intracellular bioavailability of DOX during 6 h appeared to be lower for DEB than DLIP. Following i.v. infusion (55 min), DOX had a liver extraction of 41 (28–53)%, and the fraction of the dose eliminated in bile of DOX and DOXol was 20 (15–22)% and 4.2 (3.2–5.2)%, respectively. The AUCbile/AUCVP for DOX and DOXol was 640 (580–660) and 5000 (3900–5400), respectively. In conclusion, DLIP might initially deliver a higher hepatocellular concentration of DOX than DEB as a consequence of its higher in vivo release rate. Thus, DLIP delivery results in higher intracellular peak concentrations that might correlate with better anticancer effects, but also higher systemic drug exposure and safety issues.
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| 45. |
- Lindberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Expanded HILUS Trial: A Pooled Analysis of Risk Factors for Toxicity From Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Central and Ultracentral Lung Tumors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 117:5, s. 1222-1231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for tumors near the central airways implies high-grade toxic effects, as concluded from the HILUS trial. However, the small sample size and relatively few events limited the statistical power of the study. We therefore pooled data from the prospective HILUS trial with retrospective data from patients in the Nordic countries treated outside the prospective study to evaluate toxicity and risk factors for high-grade toxic effects. Methods and Materials: All patients were treated with 56 Gy in 8 fractions. Tumors within 2 cm of the trachea, the mainstem bronchi, the intermediate bronchus, or the lobar bronchi were included. The primary endpoint was toxicity, and the secondary endpoints were local control and overall survival. Clinical and dosimetric risk factors were analyzed for treatment-related fatal toxicity in univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses.Results: Of 230 patients evaluated, grade 5 toxicity developed in 30 patients (13%), of whom 20 patients had fatal bronchopul-monary bleeding. The multivariable analysis revealed tumor compression of the tracheobronchial tree and maximum dose to the mainstem or intermediate bronchus as significant risk factors for grade 5 bleeding and grade 5 toxicity. The 3-year local control and overall survival rates were 84% (95% CI, 80%-90%) and 40% (95% CI, 34%-47%), respectively.Conclusions: Tumor compression of the tracheobronchial tree and high maximum dose to the mainstem or intermediate bronchus increase the risk of fatal toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy in 8 fractions for central lung tumors. Simi-lar dose constraints should be applied to the intermediate bronchus as to the mainstem bronchi.
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| 46. |
- Lundgren, A., et al.
(författare)
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APEX: Five years of operations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819482273 ; 7737
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- APEX, the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment, is being operated successfully, now for five years, on Llano de Chajnantor at 5107m altitude in the Chilean High Andes. This location is considered one of the worlds outstanding sites for submillimeter astronomy, which the results described in this contribution are underlining. The primary reflector with 12 m diameter is cautiously being maintained at about 15 μm by means of holography. This allows to access all atmospheric submillimeter windows accessible from the ground, up to 200 μm. Telescope and instrument performance, operational experiences and a selection of scientific results are given in this publication. © 2010 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.
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| 47. |
- Maercker, Matthias, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpectedly large mass loss during the thermal pulse cycle of the red giant star R Sculptoris
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 490:7419, s. 232-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The asymptotic giant branch star R Sculptoris is surrounded by a detached shell of dust and gas. The shell originates from a thermal pulse during which the star undergoes a brief period of increased mass loss. It has hitherto been impossible to constrain observationally the timescales and mass-loss properties during and after a thermal pulse - parameters that determine the lifetime on the asymptotic giant branch and the amount of elements returned by the star. Here we report observations of CO emission from the circumstellar envelope and shell around R Sculptoris with an angular resolution of 1.3 arcsec. What was hitherto thought to be only a thin, spherical shell with a clumpy structure, is revealed to contain a spiral structure. Spiral structures associated with circumstellar envelopes have been seen previously, from which it was concluded that the systems must be binaries. Using the data, combined with hydrodynamic simulations, we conclude that R Sculptoris is a binary system that underwent a thermal pulse approximately 1800 years ago, lasting approximately 200 years. About 0.003 Msun of mass was ejected at a velocity of 14.3 km s-1 and at a rate approximately 30 times higher than the prepulse mass-loss rate. This shows that approximately 3 times more mass is returned to the interstellar medium during and immediately after a pulse than previously thought.
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| 48. |
- Malmgren, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it - Cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 293:3, s. 293-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous GFR-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterised by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5-30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules < 1kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate e.g., water, urea, creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterised by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.
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| 49. |
- Muth, Andreas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Nationellt vårdprogram för adrenala incidentalom - Programmet har harmoniserats med europeiska riktlinjer – ger förenklad handläggning av patienter.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish guidelines for the management of adrenal incidentalomas Adrenal incidentalomas are seen in about five percent of abdominal CT examinations, and in most cases represent non-hormone-producing adrenocortical adenomas, but hormone-producing or malignant lesions occur. Revised Swedish guidelines for the evaluation and management of adrenal incidentalomas based on recently published European guidelines are presented. The importance of a thorough radiological, clinical and biochemical initial evaluation is emphasized. Long-term biochemical follow-up is not recommended and use of CT contrast medium »washout« calculation is omitted. No radiological evaluation or follow-up indicated for adrenal incidentalomas <1 cm size. For patients with diagnosed lipid rich adenomas (≤ 10 HU) 1-4 cm in size no radiological follow-up is suggested after initial evaluation.
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| 50. |
- Nair, Baboo M., et al.
(författare)
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Binding of mineral elements by some dietary fibre components-in vitro (I)
- 1987
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146. ; 23:4, s. 295-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding of copper, cadmium and zinc ions to some soluble and gelforming types of dietary fibre (guar gum, low and high methoxylated pectin and sterculia gum) has been investigated potentiometrically. Considerable binding was found to low methoxylated pectin, but the binding to sterculia gum and high methoxylated pectin was less pronounced. The binding to guar gum was negligible. Thus, the formation of complexes seemed to be due to the proportion of free carboxyl groups. The amount of added metal bound to sterculia gum was proportional to the fibre concentration, whereas the pectins showed increased binding at higher fibre concentrations. This was possibly due to intermolecular interactions between the polymers and metal ions. The order of complex formation ability to the fibres investigated was different for different metals. To low methoxylated pectin the order Cu>Zn ≫ Cd was observed.
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