| 1. |
- Svensson, Lennart, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Rigid template registration in MET images using CUDA
- 2012
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Ingår i: VISAPP 2012. - Rome : SciTePress. - 9789898565037 ; 2, s. 418-422
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rigid registration is a basic tool in many applications, especially in Molecular Electron Tomography (MET), and also in, e.g., registration of rigid implants in medical images and as initialization for deformable registration. As MET volumes have a low signal to noise ratio, a complete search of the six-dimensional (6D) parameter space is often employed. In this paper, we describe how rigid registration with normalized cross-correlation can be implemented on the GPU using NVIDIA's parallel computing architecture CUDA. We compare the performance to the Colores software and two Matlab implementations, one of which is using the GPU accelerated JACKET library. With well-aligned padding and using CUDA, the performance increases by an order of a magnitude, making it feasible to work with three-dimensional fitness landscapes, here denoted scoring volumes, that are generated on the fly. This will eventually enable the biologists to interactively register macromolecule chains in MET volumes piece by piece.
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| 2. |
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Annual Report 2008
- 2009. - 250
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Aronsson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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CBA Annual Report 2001
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson Bernander, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of rotation-invariant biomedical images using equivariant neural networks
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an imaging technique used to visualize and analyze nano-sized structures and objects such as virus particles. Light microscopy can be used to diagnose diseases or characterize e.g. blood cells. Since samples under microscopes exhibit certain symmetries, such as global rotation invariance, equivariant neural networks are presumed to be useful. In this study, a baseline convolutional neural network is constructed in the form of the commonly used VGG16 classifier. Thereafter, it is modified to be equivariant to the p4 symmetry group of rotations of multiples of 90 degrees using group convolutions. This yields a number of benefits on a TEM virus dataset, including higher top validation set accuracy by on average 7.6% and faster convergence during training by on average 23.1% of that of the baseline. Similarly, when training and testing on images of blood cells, the convergence time for the equivariant neural network is 7.9% of that of the baseline. From this it is concluded that augmentation strategies for rotation can be skipped. Furthermore, when modelling the accuracy versus amount of TEM virus training data with a power law, the equivariant network has a slope of - 0.43 compared to - 0.26 of the baseline. Thus the equivariant network learns faster than the baseline when more training data is added. This study extends previous research on equivariant neural networks applied to images which exhibit symmetries to isometric transformations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson Bernander, Karl
(författare)
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Equivariant Neural Networks for Biomedical Image Analysis
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While artificial intelligence and deep learning have revolutionized many fields in the last decade, one of the key drivers has been access to data. This is especially true in biomedical image analysis where expert annotated data is hard to come by. The combination of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with data augmentation has proven successful in increasing the amount of training data at the cost of overfitting. In this thesis, equivariant neural networks have been used to extend the equivariant properties of CNNs to more transformations than translations. The networks have been trained and evaluated on biomedical image datasets, including bright-field microscopy images of cytological samples indicating oral cancer, and transmission electron microscopy images of virus samples. By designing the networks to be equivariant to e.g. rotations, it is shown that the need for data augmentation is reduced, that less overfitting occurs, and that convergence during training is faster. Furthermore, equivariant neural networks are more data efficient than CNNs, as demonstrated by scaling laws. These benefits are not present in all problem settings and which benefits will occur is somewhat unpredictable. We have identified that the results to some extent depend on architectures, hyperparameters and datasets. Further research may broaden the performed studies to explain how the results occur with new theory.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson Bernander, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing data augmentation with rotation-equivariant CNNs in image-based classification of oral cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030934194 - 9783030934200 ; , s. 24-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present how replacing convolutional neural networks with a rotation-equivariant counterpart can be used to reduce the amount of training images needed for classification of whether a cell is cancerous or not. Our hypothesis is that data augmentation schemes by rotation can be replaced, thereby increasing weight sharing and reducing overfitting. The dataset at hand consists of single cell images. We have balanced a subset of almost 9.000 images from healthy patients and patients diagnosed with cancer. Results show that classification accuracy is improved and overfitting reduced if compared to an ordinary convolutional neural network. The results are encouraging and thereby an advancing step towards making screening of patients widely used for the application of oral cancer.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Ewert, et al.
(författare)
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Annual Report 2007
- 2008
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Blache, Ludovic, et al.
(författare)
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SoftCut: : A Virtual Planning Tool for Soft Tissue Resection on CT Images
- 2018
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Ingår i: Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319959207 ; , s. 299-310
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) models and Computer Aided Design (CAD) in the medical domain, virtual surgical planning is now frequently used. Most of the current solutions focus on bone surgical operations. However, for head and neck oncologic resection, soft tissue ablation and reconstruction are common operations. In this paper, we propose a method to provide a fast and efficient estimation of shape and dimensions of soft tissue resections. Our approach takes advantage of a simple sketch-based interface which allows the user to paint the contour of the resection on a patient specific 3D model reconstructed from a computed tomography (CT) scan. The volume is then virtually cut and carved following this pattern. From the outline of the resection defined on the skin surface as a closed curve, we can identify which areas of the skin are inside or outside this shape. We then use distance transforms to identify the soft tissue voxels which are closer from the inside of this shape. Thus, we can propagate the shape of the resection inside the soft tissue layers of the volume. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method on patient specific CT data.
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| 11. |
- Borgefors, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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CBA Annual Report 2002
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Borgefors, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Computing skeletons in three dimensions
- 1999
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Ingår i: Pattern Recognition. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0031-3203 .- 1873-5142. ; 32:7, s. 1225-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletonization will probably become as valuable a tool for shape analysis in 3D, as it is in 2D. We present a topology preserving 3D skeletonization method which computes both surface and curve skeletons whose voxels are labelled with the D-6 distance to
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Borgefors, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Discrete Skeletons from Distance Transforms in 2D and 3D
- 2008
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Ingår i: Medial Representations. - Netherlands : Springer Verlag. ; , s. 155-190
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present discrete methods to compute the digital skeleton of shapes in 2D and 3D images. In 2D, the skeleton is a set of curves, while in 3D it will be a set of surfaces and curves, the surface skeleton, or a set of curves, the curve skeleton. A general scheme could, in principle, be followed for both 2D and 3D discrete skeletonization. However, we will describe one approach for 2D skeletonization, mainly based on marking in the distance transform the shape elements that should be assigned to the skeleton, and another approach for 3D skeletonization, mainly based on iterated element removal. In both cases, the distance transform of the image will play a key role to obtain skeletons reflecting important shape features such as symmetry, elongation, and width.
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| 17. |
- Borgefors, G., et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2003
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Ingår i: Discrete Applied Mathematics. - 0166-218X .- 1872-6771. ; 125:1, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Borgefors, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient shape representation by minimizing the set of centres of maximal discs/spheres
- 1997
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Ingår i: Pattern Recognition Letters. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0167-8655 .- 1872-7344. ; 18:5, s. 465-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient shape representations are important for many image processing applications. Distance transform based algorithms can be used to compute the set of centres of maximal discs/spheres, that represents a shape. This paper describes a method that reduc
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Borgefors, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletonizing Volume Objects. Part II : From Surface to Curve Skeleton
- 1998
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Ingår i: Advances in Pattern Recognition Joint IAPR International Workshops SSPR'98 and SPR'98 Sydney, Australia, August 11–13, 1998 Proceedings. - : Springer Verlag. - 9783540648581 ; , s. 220-229
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volume imaging techniques are becoming common and skeletonization has begun to prove valuable for shape analysis also in 3D. In this paper, a method to reduce solid volume objects to their 3D curve skeletons is presented. The method consists of two major steps.
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| 21. |
- Borgefors, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Surface Skeletonization of Volume Objects
- 1996
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Ingår i: Advances in Structural and Syntactical Pattern Recognition. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Verlag. ; , s. 251-259
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Carlsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of Daytime Variation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine: An Intervention Study with Rosiglitazon in Type 2 Diabetes
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Open Endocrinology Journal. - : Bentham Open. ; :5, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has in some, but not all studies been associated with insulin resistance (IR). We wanted to challenge the hypothesis that plasma ADMA levels are associated with IR in an intervention study using an insulin sensitizing drug. Another aim of the study was to study daytime ADMA variation and if food intake influence ADMA concentration.Methods: Nine patients with diet treated type 2 diabetes were investigated with daytime profiles of ADMA (8 am-5 pm) before and during treatment with rosiglitazone for 8 weeks. A control group matched for age and sex underwent a similar investigation at baseline.Results: After treatment with rosiglitazone, ADMA (0.63- 0.64 mmol/L; p=0.26) and homocysteine (10.3 -10.6 mol/L; p=0.61) concentrations did not change. Postprandial (10 am – 5 pm) ADMA concentrations were 10% higher than fasting morning levels (p=0.006) and this difference was similar for controls and diabetes patients both pre and post treatment with rosiglitazone.Conclusions: Treatment with rosiglitazone aiming to improve insulin sensitivity did not affect ADMA concentration in type 2 diabetes patients. The ADMA daytime variation and the relation to food intake appear to be a novel finding and should be considered in future studies.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Chanussot, Jocelyn, et al.
(författare)
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Shape signaturs of fuzzy star-shaped sets based on distance from the centroid
- 2005
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Ingår i: Pattern Recognition Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8655. ; 26:6, s. 735-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend the shape signature based on the distance of the boundary points from the shape centroid, to the case of fuzzy sets. The analysis of the transition from crisp to fuzzy shape descriptor is first given in the continuous case. This is followed by a study of the specific issues induced by the discrete representation of the objects in a computer.We analyze two methods for calculating the signature of a fuzzy shape, derived from two ways of defining a fuzzy set: first, by its membership function, and second, as a stack of its α-cuts. The first approach is based on measuring the length of a fuzzy straight line by integration of the fuzzy membership function, while in the second one we use averaging of the shape signatures obtained for the individual α-cuts of the fuzzy set. The two methods, equivalent in the continuous case for the studied class of fuzzy shapes, produce different results when adjusted to the discrete case. A statistical study, aiming at characterizing the performances of each method in the discrete case, is done. Both methods are shown to provide more precise descriptions than their corresponding crisp versions. The second method (based on averaged Euclidean distance over the α-cuts) outperforms the others.
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| 26. |
- Christersson, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of 2D radiography and a semi-automatic CT-based 3D method for measuring change in dorsal angulation over time in distal radius fractures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Skeletal Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2348 .- 1432-2161. ; 45:6, s. 763-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the reliability and agreement between a computer tomography-based method (CT) and digitalised 2D radiographs (XR) when measuring change in dorsal angulation over time in distal radius fractures. Materials and methods Radiographs from 33 distal radius fractures treated with external fixation were retrospectively analysed. All fractures had been examined using both XR and CT at six times over 6 months postoperatively. The changes in dorsal angulation between the first reference images and the following examinations in every patient were calculated from 133 follow-up measurements by two assessors and repeated at two different time points. The measurements were analysed using Bland-Altman plots, comparing intra- and inter-observer agreement within and between XR and CT. Results The mean differences in intra- and inter-observer measurements for XR, CT, and between XR and CT were close to zero, implying equal validity. The average intra- and inter-observer limits of agreement for XR, CT, and between XR and CT were +/- 4.4 degrees, +/- 1.9 degrees and +/- 6.8 degrees respectively. Conclusions For scientific purpose, the reliability of XR seems unacceptably low when measuring changes in dorsal angulation in distal radius fractures, whereas the reliability for the semi-automatic CT-based method was higher and is therefore preferable when a more precise method is requested.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ericsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Implementation of a Stereoscopic Display in a Lecture-room
- 2008
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Ingår i: SIGRAD 2008. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 79-80
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the master thesis project 3DIS4U: Design and implementation of a distributed visualization system with a stereoscopic display carried out at Uppsala University. The main contributions of the thesis are the installation and evaluation of a wallsized stereoscopic display in a class room-like environment and improvement of the quality, interactivity and usability of visualizations at Uppsala University by connecting the system to one of UPPMAX high-performance computing (HPC) clusters. The project involved modifications to open source softwares, mainly the Visualization ToolKit (VTK) and ParaView. Furthermore, software was developed to aid users in creating interactive stereoscopic simulations. Software was installed and modified for better usability. The option of using HPC resources for larger interactive visualizations also exists. As a final step, evaluations of the display and of the software were carried out together with background research on distributed rendering techniques to be able to produce a proposal for further development of the project. The result of this work is a class room environment which in a few minutes can be turned into a visualization studio with a stereoscopic Linköpings universitetdisplay with the ability to create interactive visualizations. The lecture room retains its function as a class room and can support up to 30 simultaneous viewers.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Eriksson, Magnus G.
(författare)
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Haptic and visual simulation of material cutting process : a study focused on bone surgery and the use of simulators for education and training
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A prototype of a haptic and virtual reality simulator has been developed for simulation of the bone milling and material removal process occurring in several operations, e.g. temporal bone surgery or dental milling. The milling phase of an operation is difficult, safety critical and very time consuming. Reduction of operation time by only a few percent would in the long run save society large expenses. In order to reduce operation time and to provide surgeons with an invaluable practicing environment, this licentiate thesis discusses the introduction of a simulator system to be used in both surgeon curriculum and in close connection to the actual operations. The virtual reality and haptic feedback topics still constitute a young and unexplored area. It has only been active for about 10-15 years for medical applications. High risk training on real patients and the change from open surgery to endoscopic procedures have enforced the introduction of haptic and virtual reality simulators for training of surgeons. Increased computer power and the similarity to the successful aviation simulators also motivate to start using simulators for training of surgical skills. The research focus has been twofold: 1) To develop a well working VR-system for realistic graphical representation of the skull itself including the changes resulting from milling, and 2) to find an efficient algorithm for haptic feedback to mimic the milling procedure using the volumetric Computer Tomography (CT) data of the skull. The developed haptic algorithm has been verified and tested in the simulator. The visualization of the milling process is rendered at a graphical frame rate of 30 Hz and the haptic rendering loop is updated at 1000 Hz. Test results show that the real-time demands are fulfilled. The visual and haptic implementations have been the two major steps to reach the over all goal with this research project. A survey study is also included where the use of VR and haptic simulators in the surgical curriculum is investigated. The study starts with a historical perspective of the VR and haptic topics and is built up by answering different questions related to this topic and the implementation of simulators at the medical centres. The questions are of general concern for those developing surgical VR and haptic simulators. Suggested future work includes modelling, development and validation of the haptic forces occurring in the milling process and, based on this, implementation in the simulator system. Also, further development of the simulator should be done in close cooperation with surgeons in order to get appropriate feedback for further improvements of the functionality and performance of the simulator.
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| 31. |
- Hammarlund, Kina, et al.
(författare)
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In the heat of the night, it is difficult to get it right : teenagers' attitudes and values towards sexual risk-taking
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 3:2, s. 103-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study, using a hermeneutic approach, is based on data from four focus group interviews with 25 Swedish teenagers participating, ranging from 18-19 years of age. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of teenagers' values and attitudes towards sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexual risk-taking. The teenagers seem to seek an excuse to fend off responsibility and deny their sexual risk-taking, an excuse provided by drunkenness. Under the influence of alcohol, teenagers are not too shy to have sex but remain embarrassed to talk about condom use. It seems as though the dialogue feels more intimate than the intercourse when it comes to protecting ones sexual health. To be able to act out in this sexual risk-taking the teenager often views the partner in a one-night-stand as an object, as opposed to a love relationship where they view their partner as subject, a person they care for. Engaging in sexual risk-taking often starts at a club where the teenagers go out to socialize and drink alcohol. They then play a game and a part of the game is to pretend that they do not play a game. In this game, certain rules are to be followed and the rules are set up by the girl, mainly to protect the romantic image of being carefully selected and thereby protected from being stigmatized as “sluts” or “whores”.
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| 32. |
- Hammarlund, Kina, 1955-
(författare)
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Riskfyllda möten : en studie om unga människors upplevelser av sexuellt överförbara infektioner och sexuellt risktagande
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the present thesis is to contribute to the knowledge in young people´s experiences, thoughts and norms regarding sexually transmitted infections (STI) and sexual risk-taking. The specific aims are two-fold. The first aim is to explain and understand young Swedish men and women´s lived experience of an STI, in this case genital warts (I, II). The second is to explain and understand the values and attitudes of young men and women to sexual risk-taking (III) in relation to perceptions of gender (IV). The theoretical perspectives are a reflective lifeworld approach, hermeneutic and gender perspectives. The thesis is based on individual interviews (I, II) and focus groups (III, IV). The results show that a young person infected by an STI, will experience encounters at different levels. A person with an STI is forced to meet him/herself and their own prejudices. Loss of innocence is highly significant and symbolic for women, while other person´s attitudes are more important for men (I, II). Also, being a disease carrier is of great significance, which has an impact on their views of future meaningful relationships (II). Sexual risk-taking, such as it was expressed in the focus groups with young people, revealed a pattern that is described as a ‘game’. In that game, a dialogue might feel more intimate than intercourse. These teenagers often view their one night stand partners as objects, as opposed to love relationships where they are viewed as subjects, i.e. persons to be cared for. Engaging in sexual risk-taking often starts at a club where these teenagers pretend that they are spontaneous (III). This game is further illuminated in a secondary analysis with a gender perspective. There are frequent misunderstandings between young men and women that are based on gender constructions, which derive from lack of communication. Hence, they have to take part in a balancing act while shaping their sexual identity and trying to maintain their self-esteem. For these young women, this also concerns not getting a bad reputation. In this act of balance, it is difficult to discuss sexuality and how to protect one’s sexual health (IV). The discussion emphasizes that a professional caring dialogue with young people about STI: s and sexual-risk taking must have reference in the young person´s own reality. Thus, professional health care workers who meet a young person infected with an STI appear to face a challenging task. This involves helping reduce anxiety by defusing the situation, and at the same time to make the person understand the importance of using a condom in order to prevent STI: s.
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| 33. |
- Hammarlund, Kina, et al.
(författare)
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To contract genital warts – a risk of losing love? : Experiences of Swedish men living with genital warts
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Men's Health. - : Men's Studies Press. - 1532-6306 .- 1933-0278. ; 6:2, s. 100-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a life-world hermeneutic approach, this study focused on the interviews with eight Swedish men living with genital warts. The men expressed a need for control over their situation, a control that was easier to maintain if the warts were invisible. Some of the men expressed prejudiced attitudes toward those who contract a venereal infection and their own feelings of shame appeared to correlate with these prejudices. In their meetings with health care providers, the men viewed a competent health care provider as someone who combined professional distance with a personal approach. Finally, the fact that men saw themselves as disease carriers was of great significance to them and influenced their views of future meaningful relationships.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Håkansson, P, et al.
(författare)
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Ontogenetic development and spatial distribution of the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and the ileal lipid-binding protein in apoE knockout and C57BL/6 mice
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 37:9, s. 1089-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although apoE-/- mice are characterized by hypercholesterolemia, the bile acid enterohepatic circulation, which plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis, has not been examined in these mice. The differences between apoE-/- and C57BL/6 mice in expression of the ileal ASBT and ILBP and in intestinal bile acid absorption were studied.METHODS: The intestinal tissues of the fetal, neonatal and post-weaning mice were processed for immunohistochemistry. Body retention and fecal excretion of 75SeHCAT were measured. The bile acid pool size and its composition were analysed by HPLC.RESULTS: In apoE-/- and C57BL/6 mice, the bile acid pool size was 75 +/- 13 and 78 +/- 13 micromol/ 100 g body weight, respectively, while the ratio of cholic acid/beta-muricholic acid was 1.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05), respectively. The daily body retention of 75SeHCAT was 48% = 1.8% in C57 black mice and 58.4% +/- 2.7% in apoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). In both mouse strains, ASBT expression in the small intestine was found in the near-term fetal and post-weaning mice, while ILBP expression was found in all postnatal mice. In the post-weaning mice, ILBP expression was limited to the distal 25%-30% of the small intestine, while ASBT expression was limited to the distal 18%.CONCLUSIONS: The bile acid enterohepatic circulation in apoE-/- mice probably does not differ greatly from that in C57BL/6 mice.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Jarling, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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A responsibility that never rests – the life situation of a family caregiver to an older person
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 34:1, s. 44-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background When the ageing population increases, the burden and responsibility of close family members will likely increase. Those closely related who assume a great responsibility can be significantly affected in health, well-being and daily life.Aim This study aims to describe the life situation when family caregivers are imposed responsibility for an older person with complex care needs in their own home.Methods In this Swedish qualitative study, ten family caregivers were strategically selected in order to achieve variations in the life situation. A reflective lifeworld research design based on phenomenological philosophy was used throughout the data collection with the lifeworld interviews and the analytic process.Findings In terms of extensive responsibility, the life situation is complex and involves emotions that are difficult to manage. In essence, a paradoxical life situation is described which is experienced as both voluntarily and nonchosen at the same time. The responsibility never rests. The essential meaning is further illustrated with three constituents: loss of freedom, contradictory feelings and affected relationships.Conclusion A life situation with extensive responsibility for an older family member interferes with the whole life situation with an impact on health and relationships with other people. The findings are crucial for professional caregivers in order to capture the nature of family support in a way that enables a meaningful life for both the family caregiver and the older person being cared for. Knowledge of this will give professional caregivers an increased awareness of the life situation of family caregivers and provide a better understanding of the support they are longing for, and, in some countries, such as Sweden, also are entitled to by law.
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| 38. |
- Jarling, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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A responsibility that never rests - To be a family caregiver to an older person
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWhen the ageing population increases, the burden and responsibility of close family members will likely increase. Those closely related who assume a great responsibility can be significantly affected in health, well‐being and daily life.AimThis study aims to describe the life situation when family caregivers are imposed responsibility for an older person with complex care needs in their own home.MethodsIn this Swedish qualitative study, ten family caregivers were strategically selected in order to achieve variations in the life situation. A reflective lifeworld research design based on phenomenological philosophy was used throughout the data collection with the lifeworld interviews and the analytic process.FindingsIn terms of extensive responsibility, the life situation is complex and involves emotions that are difficult to manage. In essence, a paradoxical life situation is described which is experienced as both voluntarily and nonchosen at the same time. The responsibility never rests. The essential meaning is further illustrated with three constituents: loss of freedom, contradictory feelings and affected relationships.ConclusionA life situation with extensive responsibility for an older family member interferes with the whole life situation with an impact on health and relationships with other people. The findings are crucial for professional caregivers in order to capture the nature of family support in a way that enables a meaningful life for both the family caregiver and the older person being cared for. Knowledge of this will give professional caregivers an increased awareness of the life situation of family caregivers and provide a better understanding of the support they are longing for, and, in some countries, such as Sweden, also are entitled to by law.
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| 39. |
- Jarling, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Becoming a guest in your own home: Home care in Sweden from the perspective of older people with multimorbidities
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: In line with changing demographics, conditions for older people have also changed. Older people are expected to live and be cared for in their own home for as long as possible. Increasing age also increases the risk of multimorbidity and the need for social services and health care services. Home care, instituted by different laws, is complex and requires cooperation from an older person when his/her home becomes a workplace for service providers.Aim: This study aims to illuminate the meaning of being an older person with multimorbidity who lives alone and who is cared for in his/her own home.Design: This study uses a qualitative design with a lifeworld approach.Methods: Conducted in Sweden in 2016, the researchers interviewed 12 older persons that live alone and receive home care. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The findings illustrate four sub-themes: adapting to a caring culture, being exposed, participation with limitations and being dependent on forced relationships. The overall theme reveals that older people experience a life-changing situation when receiving home care and they become a guest in their own home.Conclusions: Becoming older with increased needs means to disrupt one’s life when one’s private home becomes a public arena. Caregivers need to be aware of the gap between their rights by law and an older person’s experiences of receiving home care. Only then can care be offered that enables older people to have a sense of control and experience their home as their own.Implications for Practice: The findings emphasise the need to view older people as being self-determinant and independent. Older people receiving home care need to be seen as individuals, and their entire life situation should be considered by also acknowledging the important role played by relatives and caregivers.
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| 40. |
- Jarling, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of Professional Responsibility When Caring for Older People in Home Care in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Community Health Nursing. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0737-0016 .- 1532-7655. ; 37:3, s. 141-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older people in Sweden are increasingly being cared for in the own home, where professional caregivers play an important role. This study aimed to describe perceptions of caring responsibility in the context of older people’s homes from the perspective of professional caregivers from caring professions. Fourteen interviews were conducted with professional caregivers from different professions. The result show how professional caregivers perceive responsibility as limitless, constrained by time, moral, overseeing, meaningful and lonesome. Responsibility seems to affect caregivers to a large extent when the burden is high. Professional caregivers’ perceptions of responsibility, and the potential consequences of a perceived strained work situation therefore need to be addressed. The findings also indicate a need for professional support and guidance when it is difficult to distinguish between professional and personal responsibility.
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| 41. |
- Jarling, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships first : Formal and informal home care of older adults in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To a great extent, older people in Sweden, often with extensive care needs, are cared for in their own home. Support is often needed from both family and professional caregivers. This study aimed to describe and analyse different aspects of health, functioning and social networks, and how they relate to formal and informal care in the home among older adults. Analyses were performed utilising data from the OCTO-2 study, with a sample of 317 people living in Jonkoping County, aged 75, 80, 85 or 90 years, living in their own homes. Data were collected with in-person-testing. Based on receipt of care, the participants were divided into three groups: no care, informal care only, and formal care with or without informal care. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression analysis were performed to explore the associations between received care and different aspects of health (such as multimorbidity, polypharmacy), social networks (such as loneliness, number of confidants) and functioning (such as managing daily life). The findings demonstrate that the majority of the participants received no care at home (61%). Multimorbidity and polypharmacy were more common among those receiving some kind of care in comparison to those who received no care; moreover, those receiving some kind of care also had difficulties managing daily life and less satisfaction with their social networks. The multinomial logistic regression analyses demonstrated that age, functioning in daily life, perceived general health and satisfaction with the number of confidants were related to receipt of care, but the associations among these factors differed depending on the type of care that was received. The results show the importance of a holistic perspective that includes the older person's experiences when planning home care. The results also highlight the importance of considering social perspectives and relationships in home care rather than focusing only on health factors.
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| 42. |
- Jonasson, Lise-Lotte, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Reflective team in caring for people living with dementia: A base for care improvement
- 2017
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Ingår i: Reflective Practice. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1462-3943 .- 1470-1103. ; 18:3, s. 397-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reflective team (RT) is a team of professional carers who reflect on a specific caring issue under the direction of an RT leader. The goal for the reflective process is to accomplish care improvement based on research and proven experience, and the first step is to reflect upon the competence that already exists in the context where RT takes place. This study aims to bring previous unarticulated competence for dementia care to the surface, after it has been reflected during RT sessions. Ten staff nurses who work close to patients with dementia and attend RT sessions on regular basis were interviewed about their competence for dementia care. Through a phenomenographic analyze two qualitatively separated categories emerged; general caring skills and specific dementia caring skills. It is concluded that specific skills for dementia care build on general caring skills, and that tacit knowledge can emerge to proven experience when it has been reflected in RT.
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| 43. |
- Karlsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of Needle-Related Medical Procedures : A Hermeneutic Study With Young Children (3–7 Years)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-5963 .- 1532-8449. ; 31:2, s. 109-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Needle-related medical procedures (NRMPs) are often frightening and cause children anxiety and pain. Only a few studies have examined the perspectives of younger children. More knowledge is needed about younger children's experiences in caring situations such as NRMPs. Aim The aim of this study was to explain and understand the consequences related to NRMPs from younger children's perspectives. Methods Participant observations and interviews with younger children who had experienced NRMPs were analysed using a lifeworld hermeneutic approach. Results Experiencing fear is central for younger children during an NRMP and interpretation of its consequences formed the basis for the following themes: seeking security, realizing the adult's power, struggling for control, feeling ashamed, and surrendering. A comprehensive understanding is presented wherein younger children's experiences of NRMPs vary across time and space related to weakening and strengthening their feelings of fear. Conclusions Awareness is needed that adults' power becomes more obvious for children during an NRMP. Children's surrender does not necessarily imply acceptance of the procedure. Providing children with opportunities to control elements of the procedure creates a foundation for active participation, and vice versa.
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| 44. |
- Karlsson, Katarina, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiencing Support During Needle-Related Medical Procedures: A Hermeneutic Study With Young Children (3-7 Years)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-5963 .- 1532-8449. ; 31:6, s. 667-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Needle-related medical procedures (NRMPs) are something that all young children need to undergo at some point. These procedures may involve feelings of fear, pain and anxiety, which can cause problems later in life either when seeking healthcare in general or when seeking care specifically involving needles. More knowledge is needed about supporting children during these procedures.AIM:This study aims to explain and understand the meaning of the research phenomenon: support during NRMPs. The lived experiences of the phenomenon are interpreted from the perspective of younger children.METHOD:The analysis uses a lifeworld hermeneutic approach based on participant observations and interviews with children between 3 and 7years of age who have experienced NRMPs.RESULTS:The research phenomenon, support for younger children during NRMPs, is understood through the following themes: being the centre of attention, getting help with distractions, being pampered, becoming involved, entrusting oneself to the safety of adults and being rewarded. A comprehensive understanding is presented wherein younger children experience support from adults during NRMPs in order to establish resources and/or strengthen existing resources.CONCLUSIONS:The manner in which the child will be guided through the procedure is developed based on the child's reactions. This approach demonstrates that children are actively participating during NRMPs. Supporting younger children during NRMPs consists of guiding them through a shared situation that is mutually beneficial to the child, the parent and the nurse. Play during NRMP is an important tool that enables the support to be perceived as positive.
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| 45. |
- Khonsari, Roman H., et al.
(författare)
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Fronto-facial advancement and bipartition in Crouzon-Pfeiffer and Apert syndromes : Impact of fronto-facial surgery upon orbital and airway parameters in FGFR2 syndromes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1010-5182 .- 1878-4119. ; 44:10, s. 1567-1575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major concern in FGFR2 craniofaciosynostosis is oculo-orbital disproportion, such that orbital malformation provides poor accommodation and support for the orbital contents and peri-orbita, leading to insufficient eyelid closure, corneal exposure and eventually to functional visual impairment. Fronto-facial monobloc osteotomy followed by distraction osteogenesis aims to correct midfacial growth deficiencies in Crouzon–Pfeiffer syndrome patients. Fronto-facial bipartition osteotomy followed by distraction is a procedure of choice in Apert syndrome patients. These procedures modify the shape and volume of the orbit and tend to correct oculo-orbital disproportion. Little is known about the detailed 3D shape of the orbital phenotype in CPS and AS, and about how this is modified by fronto-facial surgery.Twenty-eight patients with CMS, 13 patients with AS and 40 control patients were included. CT scans were performed before and after fronto-facial surgery. Late post-operative scans were available for the Crouzon–Pfeiffer syndrome group. Orbital morphology was investigated using conventional three-dimensional cephalometry and shape analysis after mesh-based segmentation of the orbital contents.We characterized the 3D morphology of CPS and AS orbits and showed how orbital shape is modified by surgery. We showed that monobloc-distraction in CPS and bipartition-distraction in AS specifically address the morphological characteristics of the two syndromes.
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| 46. |
- Khonsari, R H, et al.
(författare)
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Shape and volume of craniofacial cavities in intentional skull deformations
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Anthropology. - : Wiley. - 0002-9483 .- 1096-8644. ; 151:1, s. 110-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intentional cranial deformations (ICD) have been observed worldwide but are especially prevalent in preColombian cultures. The purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of ICD on three cranial cavities (intracranial cavity, orbits, and maxillary sinuses) and on cranial vault thickness, in order to screen for morphological changes due to the external constraints exerted by the deformation device. We acquired CT-scans for 39 deformed and 19 control skulls. We studied the thickness of the skull vault using qualitative and quantitative methods. We computed the volumes of the orbits, of the maxillary sinuses, and of the intracranial cavity using haptic-aided semi-automatic segmentation. We finally defined 3D distances and angles within orbits and maxillary sinuses based on 27 anatomical landmarks and measured these features on the 58 skulls. Our results show specific bone thickness patterns in some types of ICD, with localized thinning in regions subjected to increased pressure and thickening in other regions. Our findings confirm that volumes of the cranial cavities are not affected by ICDs but that the shapes of the orbits and of the maxillary sinuses are modified in circumferential deformations. We conclude that ICDs can modify the shape of the cranial cavities and the thickness of their walls but conserve their volumes. These results provide new insights into the morphological effects associated with ICDs and call for similar investigations in subjects with deformational plagiocephalies and craniosynostoses.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Larson, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Key Factors for Successful General Anesthesia of Obese Adult Patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1089-9472 .- 1532-8473. ; 34:5, s. 956-964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study nurse anesthetists' experiences of key factors for successful airway management in general anesthesia of adult obese patients.Design: The study was a qualitative observational study with a descriptive approach.Methods: Eight semistructured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using the critical incident technique.Findings: Five key factors for successful general anesthesia of adult obese patients were identified. These factors were preparing and planning the anesthesia, optimizing patient position, optimizing ventilation through proper preoxygenation and increasing positive end-expiratory pressure, quickly securing the airway, and working in teams.Conclusions: Knowledge of key factors that facilitate and improve the anesthesia care of obese patients is important to provide safe and quality anesthesia to this patient group as obese patients often have small margins and urgent situations can quickly arise. This knowledge enables the nurse anesthetist to be one step ahead and to be ready to take action if complications occur.
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| 49. |
- Lindblad, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Surface area estimation of digitized 3D objects using local computations
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery (DGCI2002). ; , s. 267-278
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe surface area measurements based on local estimates of isosurfaces originating from a marching cubes representation. We show how improved precision and accuracy
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| 50. |
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