| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Stefanie, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide imaging screen uncovers molecular determinants of arsenite-induced protein aggregation and toxicity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 134:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The toxic metalloid arsenic causes widespread misfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins. How these protein aggregates are formed in vivo, the mechanisms by which they affect cells and how cells prevent their accumulation is not fully understood. To find components involved in these processes, we performed a genome-wide imaging screen and identified Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants with either enhanced or reduced protein aggregation levels during arsenite exposure. We show that many of the identified factors are crucial to safeguard protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and to protect cells against arsenite toxicity. The hits were enriched for various functions including protein biosynthesis and transcription, and dedicated follow-up experiments highlight the importance of accurate transcriptional and translational control for mitigating protein aggregation and toxicity during arsenite stress. Some of the hits are associated with pathological conditions, suggesting that arsenite-induced protein aggregation may affect disease processes. The broad network of cellular systems that impinge on proteostasis during arsenic stress identified in this current study provides a valuable resource and a framework for further elucidation of the mechanistic details of metalloid toxicity and pathogenesis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Psychotherapy students' experiences of supervisee-centred supervision based on deliberate practice, feedback-informed treatment and self-compassion
- 2024
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Ingår i: Counselling and Psychotherapy Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1473-3145 .- 1746-1405. ; 24:2, s. 719-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: There are few methods that focus on therapists' experiences of supervision. To facilitate the development of psychologist students, a supervisee-centred supervision, based on deliberate practice, feedback informed treatment and self-compassion, was introduced.Methods: This study examines six supervisees’ experiences of a supervisee-centred supervision. A semi- structured interview was used for the collection of the data, which identified two main themes: Learning and Development and five associated sub-themes: structure and purposesfulness, prerequisites, experience-based learning, therapeutic skills and personal development.Conclusion: The experience- and feedback-based approach was perceived as efficient, structured and goal oriented. This created high-focused activity and participation, a strong group dynamic and a good alliance with the supervisors, providing a good climate for learning and development. Focusing on performance and feedback was perceived as a potential obstacle that could create stress and anxiety.
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| 4. |
- Bolsi, Alessandra, et al.
(författare)
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Practice patterns of image guided particle therapy in Europe : A 2016 survey of the European Particle Therapy Network (EPTN)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 128:1, s. 4-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Image guidance is critical in achieving accurate and precise radiation delivery in particle therapy, even more than in photon therapy. However, equipment, quality assurance procedures and clinical workflows for image-guided particle therapy (IGPT) may vary substantially between centres due to a lack of standardization. A survey was conducted to evaluate the current practice of IGPT in European particle therapy centres.Material and methods: In 2016, a questionnaire was distributed among 19 particle therapy centres in 12 European countries. The questionnaire consisted of 30 open and 37 closed questions related to image guidance in the general clinical workflow, for moving targets, current research activities and future perspectives of IGPT.Results: All centres completed the questionnaire. The IGPT methods used by the 10 treating centres varied substantially. The 9 non-treating centres were in the process to introduce IGPT. Most centres have developed their own IGPT strategies, being tightly connected to their specific technical implementation and dose delivery methods.Conclusions: Insight into the current clinical practice of IGPT in European particle therapy centres was obtained. A variety in IGPT practices and procedures was confirmed, which underlines the need for harmonisation of practice parameters and consensus guidelines.
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| 5. |
- Bäcklund, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the relationship between personality and gaming disorder symptoms in a sample of Dota 2 players
- 2024
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the relationship between the big five personality traits and gaming disorder symptoms (GDS) in a sample of Dota 2 players. Recent research has indicated that the relationship between personality traits and GDS may depend on the video game genre investigated. However, the association between GDS and personality has yet to be investigated within a specific game, which may be even more relevant to explore as each game offers unique gameplay mechanics that can influence player behavior differently. Thus, the present study investigated the relationship between the big five personality traits and GDS in a sample of video game players from a specific game, DOTA 2 (n = 321, M = 23.25 years, SD = 4.51). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze GDS formatted as a composite score, and multinomial logistic regressions were further conducted for analyses in which gamers were classified into normal gamers (i.e., less than three criteria endorsed), moderate-risk gamers (i.e., four criteria endorsed), and high-risk gamers (i.e., all criteria endorsed). The analysis of the composite score showed a significant relationship between neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and GDS. Analyses of the gaming classifications revealed that neuroticism was the most crucial factor concerning differentiating moderate-risk and high-risk from normal gamers. The findings and their practical implications are further discussed.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of a 12-week relapse prevention program following acute depression treatment : A randomised controlled trial
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Depression can be effectively treated using internet interventions. However, the relapse rate is non-ignorable. Methods: 286 participants were randomized to an additional relapse prevention program or a control group. Monthly telephone calls using the MINI diagnostic interview as well as online assessments were carried out for 24 months. Intervention: Standard cognitive behaviour therapy via the internet without guidance. Results: Relapse rates of 27.1% and 22.0% were reported in the relapse prevention program group and the control group respectively. A log-rank test of the Kaplan-Meier model did not show any significant difference between the prevention program group and the control group (χ2(1) = 0.87; p = .352) in terms of relapse rates. At the one-year follow-up, 79.2% in the prevention program group and 82.9% of the participants in the control group had PHQ-9 scores indicating them to be in remission. By the second-year follow-up the rate of remission was 75.8% in the relapse prevention program group and 81.2% in the control group. No significant differences could be seen neither at the one-year follow-up (χ2(1) = 0.36; p = .552) nor the two-year follow-up (χ2(1) = 0.53; p = .467). Conclusions: Don’t do it!
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| 8. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The relative effects of behavioral activation vs. physical exercise in the treatment of mild to moderate depression
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Despite their potential as low-threshold, low-cost and high-flexibility treatments of depression, behavioral activation and physical exercise have not yet been directly compared. This study has examined the effects of these interventions, administered via the Internet.Method: In this randomized controlled trial a total of 312 participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for mild to moderate major depression, recruited in multiple cycles and randomized to either a waiting list control group with delayed treatment, or one of the four active treatment groups: (1) physical exercise without a clear psychological treatment rationale; (2) physical exercise with a psychological treatment rationale; (3) behavioral activation a la Lewinsohn; or (4) behavioral activation a la Martel.Results: A total of 72% were women and the average age of the participants were M=42.3 years (SD=13,5). More than half (53,9%) had a history of previous psychological treatment. Primary outcome measure was the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Assessments were made on a weekly basis for the full duration of the acute treatment which was 12 weeks.Conclusion: The preliminary results are in line with previous online studies showing that all active treatment groups were superior to the waitlist (large effect sizes) and that only minor differences could be identified between the four active groups (large within effect sizes). At the time of the conference 6-month follow-up data will be available in addition to the already collected post- assessment data (analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle).
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Colombo, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Mining players’ experience in computer games: Immersion affects flow but not presence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computers in Human Behavior Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2451-9588. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how different levels of immersion influence the experiences of flow and presence can shed light on the intricate interplay between these constructs and provide valuable insights into the factors that contribute to engaging and immersive gameplay. The independent variable, immersion, was manipulated in three conditions (high, moderate, and low) in a between-subject design within the video game Minecraft. Participants were asked to complete 15 min of gameplay and then fill out the questionnaires concerning flow and presence. The experiment was conducted remotely on a video-sharing platform. Bayesian analysis revealed an effect of immersion level on flow, while no evidence of an effect was found for the experience of presence. This study provides evidence in favor of a relation between flow and immersion while supporting a presumed double dissociation of immersion from presence. Future research using a Bayesian approach is encouraged to build further knowledge on this research topic.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ericsson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological constructs in police investigative interview training
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As Swedish law enforcement embraces interviewing techniques that rely on psychological concepts and interpersonal skills, the teaching of these main ideas needs to be a central part of police education. This presentation willdiscuss how concepts familiar in psychology are understood and taught within Swedish police education today. Usingmaterials from the Swedish police authority, teaching resources, and the scientific literature, this presentation aimsto show how police education is adopting psychological perspectives and how psychological research and educationcan benefit in training police. We will also present future studies to further develop and incorporate psychologicalperspectives in educating law enforcement.
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| 13. |
- Ericsson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Studying rapport and empathy training for investigative interviewing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the First European Conference on Law Enforcement and Public Health, Umea 2023. - : Umeå University. - 9789180701099 ; , s. 36-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crucial part of the crime investigation process is the investigative interview. Each interview is aninstance of law enforcement and the public meeting to exchange information. Interviews thus carry agreat deal of weight in both the investigation and public relations. Although the main goal ofinterviewing is often to get information related to an investigation, interviews are also anopportunity for law enforcement to offer support, give information, gain trust, and connect withindividuals in the community. Previous research has found that a humane interviewing style thatfocuses on building trust, good communication, and remaining objective while listening to the otherperson’s account has advantages such as eliciting more detailed accounts and more truthfulinformation. This style of interviewing has also been shown to be strategically beneficial regardless ofif the interviewee is a suspect, witness, or victim. However, researchers are still debating how toimplement empathy and rapport-building behaviors in interviews. There is a great need for researchon how police officers acquire the core skills needed for good communication, building rapport, andestablishing trust during interviews. The aim of this project is to better understand how humane andempathetic interviewing is implemented in Swedish police education in order to achieve a largeremphasis on building and maintaining rapport, empathy, and emotion regulation. This project willuse both quantitative and qualitative methods to approach the research questions. The goal is tohelp the police both in getting as much information as possible, as well as improve the experiences ofthe interview for both the police and the interviewee. Understanding and implementing a morehumane approach to interviewing could help individual officers de-escalate tense situations andnavigate their own stress responses, as well as help strengthen community trust in policing wheninteracting with interviewees.
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| 14. |
- Ericsson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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“There Is No Script”: Police Teachers’ Experiences of Training Investigative Interviewing
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish police are implementing a new model for investigative interviewing. Previous research has highlighted that investigative interviewing is difficult to operationalize and teach to recruits. This study aimed to understand what Swedish police teachers value as important interpersonal skills for investigative interviewing as well as what strategies and struggles these teachers face when teaching recruits. Interviews were conducted with six experienced interviewing teachers at Swedish police training programs. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The teachers described that taking the interviewee’s perspective and accepting responsibility to build rapport, as well as social and situational flexibility were important skills for interviewers to process. When describing their strategies and struggles in teaching, the teachers described the need to bridge theory and practice, train flexibility through diverse scenarios, adjust to students’ social maturity and ability to self-reflect, and work with limited resources. This study also highlights how interviewing teachers express a need for adequate time and resources to be able to help recruits develop the necessary skills for interviewing.
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| 15. |
- Espinoza, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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GeoNotes: social and navigational aspects of location-based information systems
- 2001. - 1
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Ingår i: UBICOMP 2001. - : Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Location-based information systems allow the user to access information in relation to the user's position in geographical space. This paper outlines navigational and social aspects of such systems. It is argued that location-based systems must allow users to participate as content providers in order to achieve a social and dynamic information space. Moreover, as these systems allow commercial and private users to annotate space with information on a mass-scale, information filtering techniques will become essential in order to prevent information overload and user disturbance. We present a number of content-based and social filtering techniques to support this. We discuss implications for implementation and we describe a system (GeoNotes), which takes some of these aspects into account.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gomes, Lúcia, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' Perspectives on Smartphone Applications for Physical Activity Promotion: Insights from Focus Group Discussions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Retos. - : FEADEF. - 1579-1726 .- 1988-2041. ; 56, s. 85-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study explores how children and adolescents perceive physical activity (PA) and PA apps. We aim to understand their perceptions, past experiences, and expectations of PA and PA apps. Methods: Participants (N=39) aged 11-15 from five European countries: Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Spain (ES), and Sweden (SWE) participated in the study. They provided insight regarding Behaviour Chance Techniques (BCTs) that enhance app engagement. Results: The results offer valuable insights for creating fun and engaging adolescent PA apps that meet diverse user preferences. They also provide invaluable guidance for designing PA apps that boost adolescents' enjoyment, fun, and engagement while considering a broad spectrum of user preferences. Key BCTs identified as significantly impacting app engagement included self-monitoring, rewards, feedback, social support, action planning, and reminders - preferences and suggestions varied by gender, age, and PA levels. Conclusions: Findings in the present study inform the MOVE4FUN project that contributes to understanding how BCTs promote sustained PA in adolescents. It underscores the pivotal role of personalised app design and a supportive climate in fulfilling individual needs and intrinsic goals. These insights contribute significantly to developing educational tools that encourage regular PA and nurture the holistic development of physically educated citizens.
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| 18. |
- Gomes, Lúcia, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' perspectives on smartphone applications for physical activity promotion: insights from focus group discussions : [Perspectivas de los adolescentes sobre las aplicaciones de teléfonos inteligentes para la promoción de la actividad física: perspectivas de los grupos de discusión]
- 2024
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Ingår i: Retos. - : Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica (FEADEF). - 1579-1726 .- 1988-2041. ; 56, s. 85-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study explores how children and adolescents perceive physical activity (PA) and PA apps. We aim to understand their perceptions, past experiences, and expectations of PA and PA apps.Methods: Participants (N=39) aged 11-15 from five European countries: Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Spain (ES), and Sweden (SWE) participated in the study. They provided insight regarding Behaviour Chance Techniques (BCTs) that enhance app engagement.Results: The results offer valuable insights for creating fun and engaging adolescent PA apps that meet diverse user preferences. They also provide invaluable guidance for designing PA apps that boost adolescents' enjoyment, fun, and engagement while considering a broad spectrum of user preferences. Key BCTs identified as significantly impacting app engagement included self-monitoring, rewards, feedback, social support, action planning, and reminders - preferences and suggestions varied by gender, age, and PA levels.Conclusions: Findings in the present study inform the MOVE4FUN project that contributes to understanding how BCTs promote sustained PA in adolescents. It underscores the pivotal role of personalised app design and a supportive climate in fulfilling individual needs and intrinsic goals. These insights contribute significantly to developing educational tools that encourage regular PA and nurture the holistic development of physically educated citizens.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hulaj, Rame, et al.
(författare)
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A Motivational Model Explaining Performance in Video Games
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Esports are a rapidly growing phenomenon and understanding of factors underlying game performance are therefore of great interest. The present study investigated the influence of satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, and relatedness), type of motivation (amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation), and number of matches played (time on task) on individuals’ performance on a matchmaking rating (MMR) in the video game Defence of the Ancients 2 (Dota 2). Collected data from 315 participants was included in the analyses. A web-based questionnaire was used to collect data and structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to analyze the data. The results show that perceived competence and autonomy were the only significant predictors of MMR performance beyond matches played. Fulfillment of relatedness, as well as motivational factors, were not found to be predictors of MMR scores. The strong effect of matches played, used as proxy of time on task, emphasize the effect of time and practice as a critical aspect of video-game expertise.
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| 21. |
- Jingili, Nuru, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review on the efficacy of virtual reality and gamification interventions for managing anxiety and depression
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Digital Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-253X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) and gamification interventions in addressing anxiety and depression. The review also seeks to identify gaps in the current VR treatment landscape and provide guidelines for future research and development. A systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, focusing on studies that utilized VR and gamification technology to address anxiety and depression disorders. A total of 2,664 studies were initially identified, 15 of those studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The efficacy of VR in addressing anxiety and depression was evident across all included studies. However, the diversity among VR interventions highlights the need for further investigation. It is advised to incorporate more diverse participant samples and larger cohorts and explore a broader spectrum of therapeutic approaches within VR interventions for addressing anxiety and depression to enhance the credibility of future research. Additionally, conducting studies in varying socioeconomic contexts would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of their real-world applicability.
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| 22. |
- Jingili, Nuru, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Reality for Addressing Depression and Anxiety: A Bibliometric Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtual reality is an emerging field in mental health and has gained widespread acceptance due to its potential to treat various disorders, such as anxiety and depression. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of virtual reality (VR) use in addressing depression and anxiety from 1995 to 2022. The study analysed 1872 documents using the Scopus database, identifying the field’s most relevant journals and authors. The results indicate that using VR for addressing anxiety and depression is a multidisciplinary field with a wide variety of research topics, leading to significant collaborative research in this area. The Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine was identified as the most relevant journal, while Behavior Research and Therapy was found to be the most cited journal. The analysis of keywords suggests that there is more research on using VR for anxiety and related disorders than for depression. Riva G. was identified as the top author in producing research outputs on VR-AD, and the University of Washington emerged as the leading institution in scientific outputs on VR-AD. Thematic and intellectual analyses helped identify the main themes within the research domain, providing valuable insight into the current and future directions of the field.
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| 23. |
- Jonsson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating yoga with psychological group-treatment for mixed depression and anxiety in primary healthcare: An explorative pilot study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1744-3881 .- 1873-6947. ; 41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: Yoga has shown promise as a treatment for depression and anxiety. The present pilot study investigated the feasibility of an eight-week grouptreatment integrating emotion-focused psychoeducation, compassion-focused therapy, and Virya yoga for depression and anxiety in primary healthcare.Materials and methods: Patients seeking treatment for depression and anxiety in a primary healthcare centre completed either an integrative group-treatment (N = 14) or treatment as usual (TAU, N = 17). Outcome measures were analysed pre- and posttreatment. Correlations in the intervention group were investigated between treatment outcomes and amount of yoga practice between sessions.Results: Large within-group effect sizes on all outcome measures were found at posttreatment. Symptom reduction did not differ between groups (p = 0.155). Improvement in alexithymia correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with amount of yoga practice between sessions.Conclusion: Integrating yoga with a psychological group-treatment is a somewhat feasible approach to treatment for depression and anxiety in primary healthcare.
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| 24. |
- Lindner, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Who seeks ICBT for depression and how do they get there? : effects of recruitment source on patient demographics and clinical characteristics
- 2015
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 2:2, s. 221-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on internet-administered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) frequently use several different sources of recruitment, yet no study has investigated whether different recruitment sources produce different clinical and demographic profiles among participants. Using data from a large sample (n = 982) seeking ICBT for depression, we compared these characteristics on the basis of self-reported recruitment source. Recruitment sources that imply more active treatment-seeking behaviors (Google searches, viewing postings on mental health websites) presented more severe depression and anxiety than those recruited through more passive sources of information (newspaper advertisements, referrals by friends and family). In addition, a number of demographic differences between groups were found. These findings have important implications for ICBT research projects and clinical programs who employ open recruitment procedures and multi-modal recruitment strategies, and who wish to recruit representative samples or target specific subgroups. Replications in other countries will however be required to establish cross-cultural patterns.
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| 25. |
- Mavrona, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency assessment of wood and cellulose-based optical elements for terahertz waves
- 2023
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Ingår i: Optical Materials Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 2159-3930. ; 13:1, s. 92-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polarized THz time domain spectroscopy was used to study the anisotropic properties of wood-based materials for potential optical elements in the THz range, such as half-wave and quarter-wave plates. Wood samples of different species and sample thickness were studied experimentally showing high birefringence but rather high absorption. We elaborate on two approaches to optimize the optical properties for use as wave plates and assess them based on a figure of merit describing their efficiency as a function of birefringence and absorption. The first approach is to dry the wood samples, which significantly improves the efficiency of wave plates. The second approach is the use of artificially produced cellulose samples using 3D printing and freeze drying techniques, which also show birefringence caused by their similar macroscopic cellulose fibre structure. These materials have the potential as cost effective THz elements that are easy to tailor and produce for use at specific frequencies.
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| 26. |
- Muratov, Sergei, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring and evaluation of breast cancer screening programmes : selecting candidate performance indicators
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2407. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the scope of the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer (ECIBC) the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) subgroup was tasked to identify breast cancer screening programme (BCSP) performance indicators, including their acceptable and desirable levels, which are associated with breast cancer (BC) mortality. This paper documents the methodology used for the indicator selection.Methods: The indicators were identified through a multi-stage process. First, a scoping review was conducted to identify existing performance indicators. Second, building on existing frameworks for making well-informed health care choices, a specific conceptual framework was developed to guide the indicator selection. Third, two group exercises including a rating and ranking survey were conducted for indicator selection using pre-determined criteria, such as: relevance, measurability, accurateness, ethics and understandability. The selected indicators were mapped onto a BC screening pathway developed by the M&E subgroup to illustrate the steps of BC screening common to all EU countries.Results: A total of 96 indicators were identified from an initial list of 1325 indicators. After removing redundant and irrelevant indicators and adding those missing, 39 candidate indicators underwent the rating and ranking exercise. Based on the results, the M&E subgroup selected 13 indicators: screening coverage, participation rate, recall rate, breast cancer detection rate, invasive breast cancer detection rate, cancers >20mm, cancers <= 10mm, lymph node status, interval cancer rate, episode sensitivity, time interval between screening and first treatment, benign open surgical biopsy rate, and mastectomy rate.Conclusion: This systematic approach led to the identification of 13 BCSP candidate performance indicators to be further evaluated for their association with BC mortality.
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| 27. |
- Mårs, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding parental secure base support across youth sport contexts in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion of secure base explains how a child can grow and become independent through access to a significant other (i.e., parent) who is available, encouraging, and noninterfering. The purpose of the current study was to develop an understanding of parental secure base support within the context of youth sport in Sweden, with a specific focus on: (a) what parental behaviors constitute a secure base, and (b) how these behaviors differ across contexts (at home before and after sport, at practice and during competitions). An interpretive descriptive methodology (Thorne, 2016) was used. Interviews were conducted with 13 family triads (children aged 12-15 years) and 1 dyad living in Sweden. Analysis was conducted to illuminate associations, patterns, and relationships within the sample. Analysis led to the development of nine categories of parental behaviors that were perceived to underpin a secure base. Availability was seen to comprise physical presence and support provision, being responsive, and developing positive mental representations. Encouragement encompassed demonstrating that sport participation is valued, motivating to explore sporting endeavors, and reinforcing and rewarding persistence in sports. Interference was described as unrequested interference, requested interference, and intentionally constrained involvement. Additionally, influencing factors such as communication, family structure and culture, were identified. The findings provide an empirical illustration for several behaviors that have been perceived as positive in previous literature, as well as highlighting numerous further complexities, particularly as it relates to interference.
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| 28. |
- Nyström, Markus, 1973-
(författare)
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Affect school, Virya yoga, and compassion-focused therapy : A pilot study of an integrative group treatment, depression and anxiety
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP). - : Human Kinetics. - 0895-2779 .- 1543-2904. ; 40, s. S110-S111
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study investigated the effectiveness of an eight-week integrative group treatment, consisting of Affect school (AS), Compassion-focused therapy (CFT), and Virya yoga in comparison with treatment as usual (TAU), an eight-week cognitive behavioural group treatment. The sample consisted of patients with mild to moderate mixed depression and anxiety (N = 31) in a primary healthcare centre. Correlations were investigated between treatment outcomes, and amount of yoga practice between sessions in the intervention group (n = 14). Results showed that both treatments were equally effective. Both groups improved significantly on measures of depression and anxiety, with large within-group effect sizes. The intervention also group improved significantly on measures of self-compassion and alexithymia, with large within-group effect sizes. Significant correlations were found between improvement in alexithymia and amount of yoga practice; between increased self-compassion and greater quality of life, as well as between increased self-compassion and reductions in anxiety symptoms. The present study highlights the practice of yoga as a potential means to improve alexithymia, and provides additional support for working with self-compassion in psychological treatments. Future research may further investigate the long-term effects and moderating variables influencing potential benefits of integrating AS, CFT, and Virya yoga in psychological treatments.
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| 29. |
- Nyström, Markus, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Are physical activity and sedentary behavior related to depression?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1908. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is an increasing public health concern with rising prevalence. Nevertheless, far from everyone seeks help or receives adequate treatment. Although psychotherapy and antidepressants still constitute the bulk of treatments offered, recent research suggests that physical activity (PA) can be a powerful adjunct therapy while sedentary behavior (SB) is a definite risk factor for developing depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PA, SB and depressive symptoms in a population (n = 962) of applicants for an online treatment study. This study hypothesised that there will be; (1) a positive relationship between SB and depressive symptoms, and (2) a negative relationship between PA and depressive symptoms. In addition we investigated whether the combination of a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity increased the risk for depressive symptoms. Finally, we also examined whether gender, age, marital status, educational level, or medication affected the relationship between PA, SB, and depressive symptoms. The results showed a positive correlation between SB and depression. There was, however, no statistically significant support for a negative relation between PA and depressive symptoms. Even though no conclusions about causality can be drawn, our results suggest that high SB, being a woman, being young, not being in a stable relationship, and current or previous medication are risk factors for depression. To be able to determine the causal direction, that is, whether high SB increases the risk for depressive symptoms, or if depressive symptoms increase the likelihood of high SB, further research is needed.
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| 30. |
- Nyström, Markus B. T., et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral activation versus physical activity via the internet : A randomized controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 215, s. 85-93, s. 396-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A major problem today is that only about fifty percent of those affected by depressionseeks help. One way to reach more sufferers would be by offering easily accessible internet based treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare/evaluate four therapist supported internet administered treatments.Method/results: Two hundred eighty six participants were included. The treatment period lasted twelve weeks, consisting of the following treatments: 1) physical activity without treatment rational, 2) physical activity with treatment rational, 3) behavioral activation without treatment rational and 4) behavioral activation with treatment rational. All groups (including a control-group) showed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms. When the treatment groups were pooled and compared to the control group, there were significant differences from pretest to posttest (Hedges gav treatment =1.01, control group =0.47). This held true also when each of the four treatment groups was compared to the control group, with one exception: Physical activity without treatment rationale.Limitations: The differences between how many modules the participants completed could indicate that there are other factors than the treatments that caused the symptom reduction, however, the dose-response analysis did not detect any significant differences on account of modules completed.Conclusions: The results support the positive effects of internet administered treatments for depression, and highlights the importance of psychoeducation, which tends to affect both the treatment outcome and the probability of remaining in treatment. These aspects need to be considered when developing and conducting new treatments for depression, since they would increase the likelihood of positive treatment outcomes.
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| 31. |
- Nyström, Markus B.T., et al.
(författare)
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Is Cognitive Functioning Important for Quality in Ageing?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society. ; , s. 87-87
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Well-being and happiness are two important aspects of quality in ageing. By using a large scale memory data base (the Betula study) the importance of cognitive status (episodic memory) for an individual’s subjective notion of well-being and happiness were investigated, both among middle- and old aged individuals. When a number of factors where controlled for (e.g., physical health, psycho-social aspects), results indicated no relationships between cognitive status and well-being or happiness, in any age group. However, data suggested that subjective experience of memory capacity seems to play an important role. Further, being married, having low levels of stress, and not having sleeping problems, also seem to be associated with both well-being and happiness. The result suggests that other factors, rather than cognitive status, plays a substantial roll in the quality of ageing. Future studies would benefit from using longitudinal data to be able to investigate these relationships over time.
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| 32. |
- Nyström, Markus B T, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy-Related Personality Traits and Shame Management Strategies in Adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 28:3, s. 519-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between the amount of psychopathy-related personality traits and the type of shame management in adolescents. Two hypotheses were examined; first, that there is a positive correlation between psychopathy-related personality traits and more unconscious and externalized shame management strategies, and second, that there is a negative correlation between psychopathy-related personality traits and more conscious and internalized shame management strategies. Gender differences were also examined. In total, 236 participants were available for the study. All were secondary-level students, aged 16 to 21 years. Of these, 196 were examined: 96 were male and 100 female. The study used two self-assessment forms-the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) and the Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS)-to measure the relevant personality characteristics. The results indicated gender differences, which led to all the analyses being conducted separately for males and females. Support was found for the study's first hypothesis, but not for the second, which was true for both males and females. Our results may have implications for the treatment of adolescents with a high percentage of psychopathy-related personality traits; they also indicate the need for more research on the association between psychopathy and shame management.
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| 33. |
- Nyström, Markus B. T., et al.
(författare)
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Shame and interpersonal sensitivity : Gender differences and the association between internalized shame coping strategies and interpersonal sensitivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. - : Guilford Publications. - 0025-9284 .- 1943-2828. ; 82:2, s. 137-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated gender differences in interpersonal sensitivity and internalized shame coping strategies in 252 undergraduate students. To measure interpersonal sensitivity and shame coping strategies, the self-assessment forms Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure and Compass of Shame Scale were used. The analyses revealed that compared to men, women display interpersonal sensitivity to a higher degree, and they use internalized shame coping strategies to a greater extent. The results also showed that interpersonal sensitivity is highly correlated with shame coping strategies. However, in contrast to earlier research, no gender difference was found, and gender did not significantly mediate the association between interpersonal sensitivity and internalized shame coping. These results could aid clinicians and researchers in promoting, designing, delivering, and evaluating treatments for patients with, for example, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal and/or relational problems.
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| 34. |
- Nyström, Markus B. T., 1973-
(författare)
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Treating depression with activation
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and compare four therapist-supported Internet-administered treatments for depression. Three studies were conducted. The first was a systematic review to determine the most effective mode and dose of physical activity (PA) for treating major depressive disorders (MDDs), and to suggest guidelines and recommendations for clinicians. These recommendations included that the PA needs to be individually customized, performed for at least 30 minutes, preferably under supervision, and with a frequency of at least three times per week to be effective for treating MDDs. Recommendations, however, must be viewed in light of the relatively few studies that match the inclusion criteria. The second study aimed to empirically evaluate and compare the effect of four therapist-supported Internet-administered treatments for mild to moderate depression. Two of the treatments were based on PA and two on behavioural activation (BA). One PA group was provided with a rationale; whereas, the other was not. The treatment in one BA group was based on Lewinsohn’s model and the other on Martell’s model. Results showed that all groups (including the control group) significantly reduced their depressive symptoms. Group comparisons revealed that three of the four treatment groups (all except the PA group that did not receive a rationale) had a significantly greater symptom reduction than the control group. This suggests that some sort of rationale is important for symptom reduction. The third study aimed to examine if a relapse prevention program would affect symptom change during a 24-month follow-up. We also examined if symptom change during the acute phase (AP) treatment period predicted symptom change during the follow-up period. A third and final aim was to examine if the number of symptoms post-AP treatment predicted symptom change during the follow-up period. The initial analysis indicated that the introduction of a relapse prevention program did not affect symptom change during follow-up. The symptom change during AP treatment did predict symptom change during follow-up for three of the four treatment groups (all except one of the BA groups). The number of symptoms post-AP treatment, however, did not predict symptom change during follow-up for any of the treatment groups. The main conclusion from this thesis is that PA seems to be effective for treating and preventing depressive symptoms. PA with a rationale is more effective than without one, and an understanding of the person’s situation is important for a treatment outcome. If a symptom change can be achieved during the acute phase, the likelihood for symptom change during the follow-up increases.
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| 35. |
- Nyström, Markus B. T., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Treating Major Depression with Physical Activity : A Systematic Overview with Recommendations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 44:4, s. 341-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this systematic overview was to determine the most effective mode and dose of physical activity (PA) for treating major depressive disorder (MDD), and to suggest guidelines and recommendations for clinicians. The selection process consisted of a comprehensive search that was conducted up until April 2014 in the following databases: PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were: (1) a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, (2) complete description of intensity, duration and frequency of the PA, (3) the participants had to be diagnosed with MDD according to Diagnostic Statistical Manual 4 th edition (DSM-IV) or International Classification of Disease tenth Revision (ICD-10) criteria (4) if the controls received any treatment, it had to be specified, (5) published after 1990, (6) consist of aerobic or anaerobic treatment PA, and (7) not be a pilotor preliminary study. A quality assessment of each study was conducted independently by two reviewers; this stringent selection process resulted in 12 reviewed studies. Conclusion: individually customized PA, for at least 30 minutes, preferably performed under supervision and with a frequency of at least three times per week is recommended when treating MDD. These recommendations must be viewed in light of the relatively few studies matching the inclusion criteria.
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| 36. |
- Nyström, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the impact of mobile apps for adolescents physical activity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP). - : Human Kinetics. - 0895-2779 .- 1543-2904. ; 46:S1, s. S85-S85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research on physical activity among adolescents reveals that approximately 80% do not meet the recommended levels set by the World Health Organization. Recognizing childhood as a crucial developmental phase, it becomes imperative to prioritize health promotion during this period of the lifespan. Studies suggest that integrating gamification into mobile apps has a positive impact on adolescents’ physical activity levels. Furthermore, the incorporation of behavior change techniques (BCTs) has been recognized as a means to enhance the effectiveness of health-promoting interventions. Previous research indicates adolescents’ interest in BCTs such as goal setting/planning, feedback, reward, self-monitoring, social comparison, and social support. The objective of this particular study was to investigate the experiences of Swedish adolescents regarding physical activity and apps, with a specific focus on the influence of BCTs. The study involved three focus group interviews with a total of 18 participants aged 11–15 years. Data analysis was conducted using reflective thematic analysis. Participants in the study expressed positivity towards mobile apps that provide instructions, demonstrate behaviors, and explore the impact of removing rewards. Additionally, other appealing features of physical activity apps included the development of streaks, competition, and the provision of an appropriate level of challenge. This study significantly contributes to a deeper understanding of how BCTs and other features can be integrated into physical activity apps. It emphasizes that individualization and renewal may hold greater importance than the actual content features. These findings are pivotal for future efforts to develop interventions aimed at increasing physical activity levels among adolescents, not only in Sweden but also on a broader scale.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Nyström, Markus, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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To what extent is subjective well-being in late adulthood related to subjective and objective memory functioning? : Five-year cross-lagged panel analyses
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 23:1, s. 92-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Population aging motivated a focus in contemporary research on factors, e.g. cognitive functioning, that contribute to ‘aging well.’ However, something that has been overlooked is relation between memory functioning, determined by objective tests as well as subjective memory ratings, and subjective well-being (SWB).Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal (cross-lagged) relationships between episodic memory (both subjective and objective) and SWB.Method: A total of 586 older individuals (60–90 years) were assessed on multiple measures of the targeted constructs at baseline (Time 1) as part of the Betula cohort study. Five years later (Time 2), 354 of the participants returned for follow-up measurements and were included in cross-lagged panel analyses.Results: As expected, objective memory and subjective memory showed a pattern of cross-sectional age deficits and a mean level longitudinal decline was observed for objective memory. By contrast, SWB showed stable mean levels both across age and time. No cross-sectional or cross-lagged associations were observed between SWB and objective memory, whereas subjective memory and SWB showed a cross-sectional association.Conclusion: The results underscore that successful aging is a multifaceted construct with no or only weak associations between the investigated components. However, SWB and rate of change at the individual level should be considered to define successful aging.
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| 39. |
- Nyström, Robin, 1985-
(författare)
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Particle emissions from residential wood and biodiesel combustion
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Emissions from anthropogenic combustion sources, such as vehicles and biomass combustion, contribute significantly to ambient particulate matter (PM) both on a local and global scale. Exposure to ambient PM and air pollution in general is linked to a variety of different health effects and it has been estimated that as many as 2.1 million premature deaths each year, due to cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer, are caused by the changes in anthropogenic air pollution since pre-industrial times. There is today still a lack of information regarding the emissions of different specific particulate emission components, e.g. soot, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxy-PAHs combined with details about the behaviour of different fuels under varying combustion conditions. The overall objective of this work was to provide new knowledge regarding physical and chemical properties of PM from solid and liquid biofuels, which are important for the viewpoint of human health and atmospheric pollution. This was achieved by experimental studies of the combustion of biomass using a residential wood stove and by introducing biodiesel to an off-road engine, thereby investigating two major emission sources for PM and gaseous emissions.From the two papers regarding biodiesel included in this thesis, it can be concluded that the introduction of the biodiesel, and potentially other renewable fuels, can in a considerable way change the exhaust particle emissions. This could have implications for the assessment of exhaust from engines running on biodiesel fuels, especially when introducing biodiesel in existing and older engines.The results from the wood combustion research performed showed some important considerations regarding both specific particle properties and the influences of different burning conditions and fuels. One major finding, based on several of the included studies, was that a proper operation of a wood stove is of major importance to avoid unfavourable burning condition and elevated emissions of soot and organic particles, regardless of the wood species used. Some specific occasions during the burning phases in batch wise wood combustion were also identified as important for the overall emissions. The results from this research has given new specific insights into the emissions from wood stoves and should be of relevance for both technological development of residential appliances, emission testing/certification, information to users and legislation.
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| 40. |
- Olander, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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An Exploration of Swedish Adolescents’ Experiences of Mobile Apps for Physical Activity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychological Topics. - : University of Rijeka, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. - 1332-0742. ; 33:1, s. 91-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent reports on children and adolescents’ physical activity indicate that approximately 80% do not meet the World Health Organisation’s recommended levels of physical activity. Childhood is a critical period of development; as such, it is important to prioritize health promotion in this phase of one’s life. Use of gamification in mobile apps has been shown to positively influence physical activity levels in children and adolescents. Inclusion of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) has been noted to increase the effect of health promoting interventions. Previous research highlights that children and adolescents find the BCTs of goal setting/planning, feedback, reward, self-monitoring, social comparison, and social support to be of interest. The aim of this study was to explore Swedish adolescents’ experience with physical activity and apps with a focus on the influence of BCTs. Three focus group interviews were undertaken with a total of 18 participants (11-15 years of age). The data were explored using reflective thematic analysis. In addition to the BCTs identified in previous research, participants in the present study indicated they were positive about mobile apps providing instruction on how to perform a behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, and the influence of removal of reward. Other attractive features of physical activities apps included developing a streak, competition, and provision of an adequate level of challenge. The present study contributes to a deeper understanding of how BCTs and other features can be implemented in physical activity apps, where individualization and renewal appear to be more important than the actual content features. These findings are important for future work to create interventions that increase the level of physical activity among adolescents both in Sweden and other countries.
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| 41. |
- Panagaki, Dimitra, et al.
(författare)
-
Nuclear envelope budding is a response to cellular stress.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 118:30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear envelope budding (NEB) is a recently discovered alternative pathway for nucleocytoplasmic communication distinct from the movement of material through the nuclear pore complex. Through quantitative electron microscopy and tomography, we demonstrate how NEB is evolutionarily conserved from early protists to human cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NEB events occur with higher frequency during heat shock, upon exposure to arsenite or hydrogen peroxide, and when the proteasome is inhibited. Yeast cells treated with azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, a proline analog that induces protein misfolding, display the most dramatic increase in NEB, suggesting a causal link to protein quality control. This link was further supported by both localization of ubiquitin and Hsp104 to protein aggregates and NEB events, and the evolution of these structures during heat shock. We hypothesize that NEB is part of normal cellular physiology in a vast range of species and that in S. cerevisiae NEB comprises a stress response aiding the transport of protein aggregates across the nuclear envelope.
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| 42. |
- Porsch, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Disulfide-Functionalized Unimolecular Micelles as Selective Redox-Responsive Nanocarriers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 16:9, s. 2872-2883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Redox-sensitive hyperbranched dendritic-linear polymers (HBDLPs) were prepared and stabilized individually as unimolecular micelles with diameters in the range 25–40 nm. The high molecular weight (500–950 kDa), core–shell amphiphilic structures were synthesized through a combination of self-condensing vinyl copolymerization (SCVCP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Cleavable disulfide bonds were introduced, either in the backbone, or in pendant groups, of the hyperbranched core of the HBDLPs. By triggered reductive degradation, the HBDLPs showed up to a 7-fold decrease in molecular weight, and the extent of degradation was tuned by the amount of incorporated disulfides. The HBDLP with pendant disulfide-linked functionalities in the hyperbranched core was readily postfunctionalized with a hydrophobic dye, as a mimic for a drug. An instant release of the dye was observed as a response to a reductive environment similar to the one present intracellularly. The proposed strategy shows a facile route to highly stable unimolecular micelles, which attractively exhibit redox-responsive degradation and cargo release properties.
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| 43. |
- Rasmussen, Jay, et al.
(författare)
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Amyloid polymorphisms constitute distinct clouds of conformational variants in different etiological subtypes of Alzheimers disease
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:49, s. 13018-13023
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular architecture of amyloids formed in vivo can be interrogated using luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs), a unique class of amyloid dyes. When bound to amyloid, LCOs yield fluorescence emission spectra that reflect the 3D structure of the protein aggregates. Given that synthetic amyloid-beta peptide (A beta) has been shown to adopt distinct structural conformations with different biological activities, we asked whether A beta can assume structurally and functionally distinct conformations within the brain. To this end, we analyzed the LCO-stained cores of beta-amyloid plaques in postmortem tissue sections from frontal, temporal, and occipital neocortices in 40 cases of familial Alzheimers disease (AD) or sporadic (idiopathic) AD (sAD). The spectral attributes of LCO-bound plaques varied markedly in the brain, but the mean spectral properties of the amyloid cores were generally similar in all three cortical regions of individual patients. Remarkably, the LCO amyloid spectra differed significantly among some of the familial and sAD subtypes, and between typical patients with sAD and those with posterior cortical atrophy AD. Neither the amount of A beta nor its protease resistance correlated with LCO spectral properties. LCO spectral amyloid phenotypes could be partially conveyed to A beta plaques induced by experimental transmission in a mouse model. These findings indicate that polymorphic A beta-amyloid deposits within the brain cluster as clouds of conformational variants in different AD cases. Heterogeneity in the molecular architecture of pathogenic A beta among individuals and in etiologically distinct subtypes of AD justifies further studies to assess putative links between A beta conformation and clinical phenotype.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Roger, Friederike, et al.
(författare)
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Peroxiredoxin promotes longevity and H2O2-resistance in yeast through redox-modulation of protein kinase A
- 2020
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 9, s. 1-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxiredoxins are H2O2 scavenging enzymes that also carry out H2O2 signaling and chaperone functions. In yeast, the major cytosolic peroxiredoxin, Tsa1 is required for both promoting resistance to H2O2 and extending lifespan upon caloric restriction. We show here that Tsa1 effects both these functions not by scavenging H2O2, but by repressing the nutrient signaling Ras-cAMP-PKA pathway at the level of the protein kinase A (PKA) enzyme. Tsa1 stimulates sulfenylation of cysteines in the PKA catalytic subunit by H2O2 and a significant proportion of the catalytic subunits are glutathionylated on two cysteine residues. Redox modification of the conserved Cys243 inhibits the phosphorylation of a conserved Thr241 in the kinase activation loop and enzyme activity, and preventing Thr241 phosphorylation can overcome the H2O2 sensitivity of Tsa1-deficient cells. Results support a model of aging where nutrient signaling pathways constitute hubs integrating information from multiple aging-related conduits, including a peroxiredoxin-dependent response to H2O2.
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| 46. |
- Rosengren, William, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and quality assessment of nystagmus eye movements recorded using an eye-tracker
- 2020
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Ingår i: Behavior Research Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-351X .- 1554-3528. ; 52:4, s. 1729-1743
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mathematical modeling of nystagmus oscillations is a technique with applications in diagnostics, treatment evaluation, and acuity testing. Modeling is a powerful tool for the analysis of nystagmus oscillations but quality assessment of the input data is needed in order to avoid misinterpretation of the modeling results. In this work, we propose a signal quality metric for nystagmus waveforms, the normalized segment error (NSE). The NSE is based on the energy in the error signal between the observed oscillations and a reconstruction from a harmonic sinusoidal model called the normalized waveform model (NWM). A threshold for discrimination between nystagmus oscillations and disturbances is estimated using simulated signals and receiver operator characteristics (ROC). The ROC is optimized to find noisy segments and abrupt waveform and frequency changes in the simulated data that disturb the modeling. The discrimination threshold, 휖, obtained from the ROC analysis, is applied to real recordings of nystagmus data in order to determine whether a segment is of high quality or not. The NWM parameters from both the simulated dataset and the nystagmus recordings are analyzed for the two classes suggested by the threshold. The optimized 휖 yielded a true-positive rate and a false-positive rate of 0.97 and 0.07, respectively, for the simulated data. The results from the NWM parameter analysis show that they are consistent with the known values of the simulated signals, and that the method estimates similar model parameters when performing analysis of repeated recordings from one subject.
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| 47. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Is cognitive functioning important for quality in aging? : A five year follow-up study of older adults
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society<em></em>. - Madison, USA : The Psychonomic Society. ; , s. 92-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A previous cross-sectional study, based on a large scale memory data base (the Betula study), indicated that subjective experiences of memory play a more important role for the individual’s experience of well-being and happiness, than more traditional objective measures of cognitive status (Nyström, Eriksson Sörman, & Nilsson, 2014). The present study is a longitudinal five year follow-up. The same factors as in the first study were controlled for (e.g., physical health, psycho-social aspects). The results indicated that the objective measures, at baseline, did not predict future happiness or well-being, The same was evident for the subjective measures, which contradicted the cross-sectional study. Further, the longitudinal changes in both (i.e., subjective and objective) memory measures were not associated with change in happiness or well-being. To advance the understanding of factors relevant to the experience of happiness and wellbeing in elderly, the field would benefit from studies using complementary subjective cognitive measures, measures for subjective experiences of memory in longitudinal studies.
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| 48. |
- Sayyab, Shumaila, et al.
(författare)
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Mutational patterns and clonal evolution from diagnosis to relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanisms driving clonal heterogeneity and evolution in relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are not fully understood. We performed whole genome sequencing of samples collected at diagnosis, relapse(s) and remission from 29 Nordic patients. Somatic point mutations and large-scale structural variants were called using individually matched remission samples as controls, and allelic expression of the mutations was assessed in ALL cells using RNA-sequencing. We observed an increased burden of somatic mutations at relapse, compared to diagnosis, and at second relapse compared to first relapse. In addition to 29 known ALL driver genes, of which nine genes carried recurrent protein-coding mutations in our sample set, we identified putative non-protein coding mutations in regulatory regions of seven additional genes that have not previously been described in ALL. Cluster analysis of hundreds of somatic mutations per sample revealed three distinct evolutionary trajectories during ALL progression from diagnosis to relapse. The evolutionary trajectories provide insight into the mutational mechanisms leading relapse in ALL and could offer biomarkers for improved risk prediction in individual patients.
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| 49. |
- Schunemann, Holger J., et al.
(författare)
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Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis : A Synopsis of the European Breast Guidelines
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - : Amer Coll Physicians. - 0003-4819 .- 1539-3704. ; 172:1, s. 46-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Description: The European Commission Initiative for Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis guidelines (European Breast Guidelines) are coordinated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. The target audience for the guidelines includes women, health professionals, and policymakers.Methods: An international guideline panel of 28 multidisciplinary members, including patients, developed questions and corresponding recommendations that were informed by systematic reviews of the evidence conducted between March 2016 and December 2018. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Evidence to Decision frameworks were used to structure the process and minimize the influence of competing interests by enhancing transparency. Questions and recommendations, expressed as strong or conditional, focused on outcomes that matter to women and provided a rating of the certainty of evidence.Recommendations: This synopsis of the European Breast Guidelines provides recommendations regarding organized screening programs for women aged 40 to 75 years who are at average risk. The recommendations address digital mammography screening and the addition of hand-held ultrasonography, automated breast ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging compared with mammography alone. The recommendations also discuss the frequency of screening and inform decision making for women at average risk who are recalled for suspicious lesions or who have high breast density.
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| 50. |
- Schunemann, Holger J., et al.
(författare)
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Methods for Development of the European Commission Initiative on Breast Cancer Guidelines Recommendations in the Era of Guideline Transparency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - : American College of Physicians. - 0003-4819 .- 1539-3704. ; 171:4, s. 273-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neither breast cancer prevention and early-detection programs, nor their outcomes, are uniform across Europe. This article describes the rationale, methods, and process for development of the European Commission ( EC) Initiative on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Guidelines. To be consistent with standards set by the Institute of Medicine and others, the EC followed 6 general principles. First, the EC selected, via an open call, a panel with broad representation of areas of expertise. Second, it ensured that all recommendations were supported by systematic reviews. Third, the EC separately considered important subgroups of women, included patient advocates in the guidelines development group, and focused on good communication to inform women's decisions. Fourth, EC rules on conflicts of interest were followed and the GRADE ( Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Evidence to Decision frameworks were used to structure the process and minimize the influence of competing interests. Fifth, it focused its recommendations on outcomes that matter to women, and certainty of the evidence is rated for each. Sixth, the EC elicited stakeholder feedback to ensure that the recommendations remain up to date and relevant to practice. This article describes the approach and highlights ways of disseminating and adapting the recommendations both within and outside Europe, using innovative information technology tools.
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