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| 4. |
- Ek, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity and Mobile Phone Apps in the Preschool Age: Perceptions of Teachers and Parents
- 2019
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Ingår i: JMIR mhealth and uhealth. - : JMIR Publications. - 2291-5222. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Physical activity (PA) is already beneficial at the preschool age. In many countries, young children spend most of their days in the preschool setting, making it a common arena for PA interventions. Mobile health tools are becoming increasingly popular to promote PA in different populations; however, little is known about the interest for and how the preschool setting could incorporate such a tool.OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to examine how teachers and parents perceive PA in preschool-aged children in general and their perceptions of how a mobile phone app could be used to promote PA in the preschool setting.METHODS:Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 teachers (93%, [14/15] women, mean age 43.5 years, 47%, [7/15] with a university degree and 10 parents [91%, 9/10] women, mean age 38.9 years, all with a university degree) recruited from 2 urban preschools in central Sweden. The interviews were recorded, fully transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis by means of an inductive approach.RESULTS:The analysis revealed 4 themes: (1) children are physically active by nature, (2) the environment as a facilitator or a barrier, (3) prerequisites of the adult world, and (4) an app in the preschool setting-challenges and possibilities. Parents and teachers perceived preschoolers as being spontaneously physically active; however, high-intensity PA was perceived as low. The PA was specifically performed during the day in the preschool. Identified facilitators of PA were access to safe and engaging outdoor environments such as forests, spacious indoor areas, and adult involvement. Adult involvement was considered especially important for children preferring sedentary activities. Identified barriers for PA were restricted indoor and outdoor space, rules for indoor activities, and lack of adult involvement because of time constraints. The teachers perceived that they had limited skills and experiences using apps in general, although they also acknowledged the increasing role of technological tools in the curriculum. Thus, the teachers expressed an interest for an app designed as a support tool for them, especially for situations when PA was limited because of perceived barriers. They suggested the app to include accessible information regarding the health benefits of PA in children linked to a library of activities for different settings and seasons. Parents suggested interactive app features including problem-solving tasks and music and dance, but not video clips as they made children passive.CONCLUSIONS:Vigorous PA was perceived as low in preschool-aged children. Future tailoring of interventions in the preschool setting should work around barriers and support facilitators to PA, especially PA of high intensity. In such work, an app could serve as a source of inspiration for PA in different ages, settings, and seasons and thus reduce environmental and structural inequalities in the preschool setting.
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| 6. |
- Jiang, R. C., et al.
(författare)
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Increased CSF-decorin predicts brain pathological changes driven by Alzheimer's A beta amyloidosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers play an important role in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is characterized by amyloid-beta (A beta) amyloidosis. Here, we used two App knock-in mouse models, App(NL-F/NL-F) and App(NL-G-F/NL-G-F), exhibiting AD-like A beta pathology to analyze how the brain pathologies translate to CSF proteomes by label-free mass spectrometry (MS). This identified several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as significantly altered in App knock-in mice. Next, we compared mouse CSF proteomes with previously reported human CSF MS results acquired from patients across the AD spectrum. Intriguingly, the ECM protein decorin was similarly and significantly increased in both App(NL-F/NL-F) and App(NL-G-F/NL-G-F) mice, strikingly already at three months of age in the App(NL-F/NL-F) mice and preclinical AD subjects having abnormal CSF-A beta 42 but normal cognition. Notably, in this group of subjects, CSF-decorin levels positively correlated with CSF-A beta 42 levels indicating that the change in CSF-decorin is associated with early A beta amyloidosis. Importantly, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that CSF-decorin can predict a specific AD subtype having innate immune activation and potential choroid plexus dysfunction in the brain. Consistently, in App(NL-F/NL-F) mice, increased CSF-decorin correlated with both AP plaque load and with decorin levels in choroid plexus. In addition, a low concentration of human A beta 42 induces decorin secretion from mouse primary neurons. Interestingly, we finally identify decorin to activate neuronal autophagy through enhancing lysosomal function. Altogether, the increased CSF-decorin levels occurring at an early stage of A beta amyloidosis in the brain may reflect pathological changes in choroid plexus, present in a subtype of AD subjects.
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| 8. |
- Michno, Wojciech, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Pyroglutamation of amyloid-βx-42 (Aβx-42) followed by Aβ1–40 deposition underlies plaque polymorphism in progressing Alzheimer's disease pathology
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 294:17, s. 6719-6732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid- (A) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the formation of polymorphic deposits comprising diffuse and cored plaques. Because diffuse plaques are predominantly observed in cognitively unaffected, amyloid-positive (CU-AP) individuals, pathogenic conversion into cored plaques appears to be critical to AD pathogenesis. Herein, we identified the distinct A species associated with amyloid polymorphism in brain tissue from individuals with sporadic AD (s-AD) and CU-AP. To this end, we interrogated A polymorphism with amyloid conformation-sensitive dyes and a novel in situ MS paradigm for chemical characterization of hyperspectrally delineated plaque morphotypes. We found that maturation of diffuse into cored plaques correlated with increased A1-40 deposition. Using spatial in situ delineation with imaging MS (IMS), we show that A1-40 aggregates at the core structure of mature plaques, whereas A1-42 localizes to diffuse amyloid aggregates. Moreover, we observed that diffuse plaques have increased pyroglutamated Ax-42 levels in s-AD but not CU-AP, suggesting an AD pathology-related, hydrophobic functionalization of diffuse plaques facilitating A1-40 deposition. Experiments in tgAPP(Swe) mice verified that, similar to what has been observed in human brain pathology, diffuse deposits display higher levels of A1-42 and that A plaque maturation over time is associated with increases in A1-40. Finally, we found that A1-40 deposition is characteristic for cerebral amyloid angiopathy deposition and maturation in both humans and mice. These results indicate that N-terminal Ax-42 pyroglutamation and A1-40 deposition are critical events in priming and maturation of pathogenic A from diffuse into cored plaques, underlying neurotoxic plaque development in AD.
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| 9. |
- Nylander, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Generating speech user interfaces from interaction acts
- 2005. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have applied interaction acts, an abstract user-service interaction specification, to speech user interfaces to investigate how well it lends itself to a new type of user interface. We used interaction acts to generate VoiceXML-based speech user interface, and identified two main issues connected to the differences between graphical user interfaces and speech user interfaces. The first issue concerns the structure of the user interface. Generating speech user interfaces and GUIs from the same underlying structure easily results in a too hierarchical and difficult to use speech user interface. The second issue is user input. Interpreting spoken user input is fundamentally different from user input in GUIs. We have shown that it is possible to generate speech user interfaces based on. A small user study supports the results.
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| 10. |
- Nyström, Fredrika, et al.
(författare)
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Hur får jag dem att prata? : En klassrumsstudie i spanska
- 2019
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I föreliggande artikel beskrivs en klassrumsstudie i spanska. Studien genomfördes huvudsakligen läsåret 2015-2016 och handlade om hur elevernas muntliga interaktion påmålspråket kan främjas genom uppgifters utformning. Studien bestod av fyra cykler vilkagenomfördes i språkgrupper i åk 9 samt kurs 2 och 3 på gymnasiet. Den gemensammautgångspunkten var svårigheten att få elever på lägre nivåer att tala målspråket i klassrummet. Inledningsvis låg fokus på elevernas användning av språkliga strategier i tal, men efterhand övergick vi till att analysera i vilken utsträckning själva aktivitetens eller uppgiftensutformning kunde främja muntlig interaktion. Studien genomfördes i fyra olika språkgrupper och som teoretiskt ramverk användes slutligen TBLT, Task Based Language Teaching.Inom TBLT, som på svenska heter uppgiftsbaserad språkundervisning, betonas själva uppgiftensom ska lösas och användningen av målspråket blir ett av verktygen som används. I artikelnbeskrivs hur en sådan uppgift utformades i en svensk skolkontext. Resultaten visade på enökad muntlig interaktion genom användningen av en uppgiftsbaserad aktivitet. Resultatenvisade också vikten av att medvetandegöra ett antal konjunktioner, pronomen och andrabindeord som eleverna har i sitt passiva ordförråd, vilka namnges som utvecklare. Artikelnbeskriver de reflektioner och antaganden som gjorts under arbetets gång, samt formulerarnya frågor kring undervisningens utformning och uppgifters konstruktion för att få eleverna att tala mer på målspråket under lektionerna i moderna språk.
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| 12. |
- Nyström, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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Making the right decision for our children's future: Parents' perceptions of active school travel in disadvantaged neighborhoods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundChildren's possibility to be physically active is linked to their parent's socioeconomic status. The use of active travel has the potential to increase daily physical activity among children. Parents are the gate-keepers to children using active school travel (AST) and their perceptions has shown to impact children's travel mode. Few studies have explored parents' perceptions about AST in disadvantaged neighborhoods and there is a lack of knowledge of their perceptions of the physical and social environment associated with school travel.PurposeTo explore parents’ perceptions towards AST when living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.MethodsTwelve parents participated in semi-structured interviews, and a qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe findings show that parents faced dilemmas, striving to facilitate AST. Parents perceptions are presented as A, B, C categories that are likely to be important when promoting AST in disadvantaged neighborhoods, Acknowledging AST advantages, Balancing barriers, and Creating opportunities to use AST.ConclusionsDespite having a positive attitude towards AST, insecure neighborhoods and social exclusion affect parents'descisions about AST. When promoting AST in disadvantaged neighborhoods, measures to enable AST should include efforts supporting community building, social participation, road safety and ways of promoting bicycling. Engaging children in AST could have a positive influence on their independent mobility, thereby impacting their development and preparing them for the future.
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| 13. |
- Nyström, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Social structure of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off the south coast of Zanzibar
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The social structure of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) resident in Menai Bay, Zanzibar, east Africa, was investigated using group characteristics and association records collected 1999-2002. On average, groups were large compared to those reported from other bottlenose dolphin studies. Groups were also significantly larger when the dolphins exhibited socializing behavior or when calves were present, indicating that large groups could be attributed to social benefits related to reproduction and caring for calves. To investigate relationships between identified individuals, an association analysis was performed using half-weight association indices (HWIs), calculated for 67 well-marked individuals sighted 9 or more times. While the overall distribution of HWIs was skewed towards lower values, relationships were stronger and more long-term than would be expected if dolphins were associating at random. A temporal analysis, performed to model the stability of associations, suggested that these relationships may last for as long as 7 years. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis revealed two female clusters and a male pair that had high HWIs across all years of sampling. These preferred relationships may be formed to obtain reproductive benefits as well as safety against predators and other threats. For example, the dolphins in Menai Bay are subject to anthropogenic threats from fishing and tourism activities in the area. Unless kept at a sustainable level, such threats could ultimately disrupt the long-term relationships observed in the present study and adversely influence the health of the population.
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| 14. |
- Reitsma, Lizette, et al.
(författare)
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Spilltime : Designing for the relationship between QS, CO2e and climate goals
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Design Journal. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 22:sup1, s. 1087-1100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to deal with major climate challenges, different climate goals havebeen set. These goals are on an abstract, political level, making them difficult tounderstand for citizens. This is a problem, since in order to reach a sustainablesociety, all layers in society should be involved. We present a design process, in whichwe made invisible carbon emission goals tangible so that citizens can relate to them.By extracting different modes of carbon footprint feedback and translating those intoa network of objects, we have provided an alternative viewpoint on how to involvepeople into understanding complex data. By giving different modes of feedback,people can find different ways to relate to the data. This way, the designer providesthe tools, but people can use it to shape their own understanding. We consider thisapproach relevant in empowering citizens to voice their concerns in the climatedebate.
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| 15. |
- Silfwerbrand, Lykke
(författare)
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Brain reactivity in leading and following, and the SSP in Japanese : A minimal model of rhythm tapping for leading and following showing temporal and insular reactivity, and a Swedish to Japanese translation of an inventory to assess personality factors for leaders and followers
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To understand more about the neural underpinnings for leading and following is the driving force behind this thesis. To do so, there is a need to study leading and following on a basic level. For study I, an fMRI study of neuronal reactivity during leading and following, a minimal model was developed to study leader and follower behavior in a standardized way. This model uses finger tapping of rhythms representing the core of the interactions during leading and following. Participants are invited to both lead and follow, and no expertise is expected. The status difference between the leader and follower is not a part of the model. Data collection is made in Japan, and most of the analyses are carried out in Sweden. In study II the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality is translated from Swedish to Japanese. Personality can be described as a crucial feature in a person’s social and emotional functioning; they are relatively stable over the course of a lifetime. Three dimensions representing personality facets probably relevant for leading and following are emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness. Study II resulted in SSPJ-11 with eleven reliable personality scales representing theses three facets relevant for leading and following. Study I presented an effective model to investigate leading and following during fMRI scanning. This model can be used with other designs for further brain imaging and behavior studies. From Study I, it became clear that the neuronal reactivation for leading and following largely overlap, with some specific differences in insular, temporal, and cerebellar reactivity. These results could be a first step towards a revealing the crucial components of neuro reactivations for leading and following.
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| 17. |
- Svensson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating measures for transfer function generation for visualization of MET biomedical data
- 2011
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Ingår i: WSCG '2011. - Plzen, Czech Republic : Union Agency. - 9788086943824 ; , s. 113-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the question of automatically setting transfer functions for volume images is further explored. Morespecifically, the focus is automatic visualization of Molecular Electron Tomography (MET) volume images usingone-dimensional transfer functions. We investigate how well a few general measures based on density, gradient,curvature and connected component information are suited for generating these transfer functions. To assessthis, an expert has set suitable transfer function levels manually and we have studied how these levels relate todifferent characteristics of the selected measures for 29 data sets. We have found that the measures can be used toautomatically generate a transfer function used to visualize MET data, to give the user an approximate view of thecomponents in the image.
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| 18. |
- Svensson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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ProViz : a tool for explorative 3-D visualization and template matching in electron tomograms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1163 .- 2168-1171. ; 5:6, s. 446-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual understanding is a key aspect when studying electron tomography data-sets, aside quantitative assessments such as registration of high-resolution structures. We here present the free software tool ProViz (Protein Visualization) for visualisation and template matching in electron tomograms of biological samples. The ProViz software contains methods and tools which we have developed, adapted and computationally optimised for easy and intuitive visualisation and analysis of electron tomograms with low signal-to-noise ratio. ProViz complements existing software in the application field and serves as an easy and convenient tool for a first assessment and screening of the tomograms. It provides enhancements in three areas: (1) improved visualisation that makes connections as well as intensity differences between and within objects or structures easier to see and interpret, (2) interactive transfer function editing with direct visual result feedback using both piecewise linear functions and Gaussian function elements, (3) computationally optimised template matching and tools to visually assess and interactively explore the correlation results. The visualisation capabilities and features of ProViz are demonstrated on various biological volume data-sets: bacterial filament structures in vitro, a desmosome and the transmembrane cadherin connections therein in situ, and liposomes filled with doxorubicin in solution. The explorative template matching is demonstrated on a synthetic IgG data-set.
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| 19. |
- Svensson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Towards automatic visualization of MET biomedical data
- 2010
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Ingår i: Rapport / Centrum för bildanalys. - Uppsala : Uppsala University Printers. - 1100-6641. ; , s. 83-86, s. 83-86
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work describes a starting point for estimationof parameters when visualizing Molecular ElectronTomography (MET) volumes. The aim is to instantly and automatically produce an initial rendering of the biological molecules in a MET volume. A one-dimensional transfer function with fixed primitives is suggested to highlight the structure and interaction of the molecules. The correlation between manually set parameters by an expert user for these primitives and measures related to topology, gradient and curvature are explored. The work is part of the ProViz project aiming at creating better tools for analysis and hapto-visualization of MET volumes of proteins
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Curve skeletonization of surface-like objects in 3D images guided by voxel classification
- 2002
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Ingår i: Pattern Recognition Letters. - 0167-8655 .- 1872-7344. ; 23:12, s. 1419-1426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletonization is a way to reduce dimensionality of digital objects. Here, we present an algorithm that computes the curve skeleton of a surface-like object in a 3D image, i.e., an object that in one of the three dimensions is at most two-voxel thick. A
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- Svensson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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On reversible skeletonization using anchor-points from distance transforms
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC. - 1047-3203 .- 1095-9076. ; 10:4, s. 379-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many applications thinning of objects is of great interest, We here present a skeletonization algorithm that is based on the idea of iteratively thinning the distance transform of an object layer by layer until either an anchor-point is reached or the
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