| 1. |
- Hagvall, Lina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of cross-reactivity of new less sensitizing epoxy resin monomers in epoxy resin-allergic individuals
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873. ; 75:3, s. 144-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMeasures to prevent occupational exposure to epoxy resins, including education, medical examination, and voluntary agreements between employers and workers, have not been effective enough to protect against skin sensitization. Therefore, alternatives to the major epoxy resin haptens that have been found to be less sensitizing in the local lymph node assay have been developed. ObjectivesTo study the cross-reactivity of two newly designed epoxy resin monomers, with decreased skin-sensitizing potency and good technical properties as compared with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), in subjects with known contact allergy to epoxy resin of DGEBA type. Patients and MethodsEleven individuals with previous positive patch test reactions to epoxy resin of DGEBA participated in the study. The two alternative epoxy resin monomers were synthesized and patch tested in dilution series in parallel with epoxy resin of DGEBA from the baseline series (containing 92% DGEBA). ResultsAll participants reacted to epoxy resin of DGEBA on retesting. Three participants reacted to monomer 1. No reactions were seen to monomer 2. ConclusionsThe alternative monomers studied showed little or no cross-reactivity with epoxy resin of DGEBA. Decreasing the risk of sensitization by using less sensitizing compounds is important, as contact allergy to epoxy resins is common in spite of thorough preventive measures.
|
|
| 2. |
- O'Boyle, Niamh M, et al.
(författare)
-
Analogues of the epoxy resin monomer diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol F: effects on contact allergenic potency and cytotoxicity
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Chemical Research in Toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0893-228X .- 1520-5010. ; 25:11, s. 2469-2478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and bisphenol F (DGEBF) are widely used as components in epoxy resin thermosetting products. They are known to cause occupational and nonoccupational allergic contact dermatitis. The aim of this study is to investigate analogues of DGEBF with regard to contact allergy and cytotoxicity. A comprehensive knowledge of the structural features that contribute to the allergenic and cytotoxic effects of DGEBF will guide the development of future novel epoxy resin systems with reduced health hazards for those coming into contact with them. It was found that the allergenic effects of DGEBF were dependent on its terminal epoxide groups. In contrast, it was found that the cytotoxicity in monolayer cell culture was dependent not only on the presence of epoxide groups but also on other structural features.
|
|
| 3. |
- O'Boyle, Niamh M, et al.
(författare)
-
Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Skin Sensitizing Potency
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Chemical Research in Toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0893-228X .- 1520-5010. ; 27:6, s. 1002-1010
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epoxy resin monomers (ERMs), especially diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and F (DGEBA and DGEBF), are extensively used as building blocks for thermosetting polymers. However, they are known to commonly cause skin allergy. This research describes a number of alternative ERMs, designed with the aim of reducing the skin sensitizing potency while maintaining the ability to form thermosetting polymers. The compounds were designed, synthesized, and assessed for sensitizing potency using the in vivo murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). All six epoxy resin monomers had decreased sensitizing potencies compared to those of DGEBA and DGEBF. With respect to the LLNA EC3 value, the best of the alternative monomers had a value approximately 2.5 times higher than those of DGEBA and DGEBF. The diepoxides were reacted with triethylenetetramine, and the polymers formed were tested for technical applicability using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Four out of the six alternative ERMs gave polymers with a thermal stability comparable to that obtained with DGEBA and DGEBF. The use of improved epoxy resin monomers with less skin sensitizing effects is a direct way to tackle the problem of contact allergy to epoxy resin systems, particularly in occupational settings, resulting in a reduction in the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis.
|
|
| 4. |
- O'Boyle, Niamh M, et al.
(författare)
-
Nature-derived epoxy resins: Synthesis, allergenicity, and thermosetting properties of pinoresinol diglycidyl ether
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Toxicology and Industrial Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0748-2337 .- 1477-0393. ; 38:5, s. 259-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a novel nature-derived epoxy resin monomer (ERM) derived from the plant lignan pinoresinol. Epoxy resins are thermosetting materials in global usage owing to their excellent technical properties such as flexibility and durability. However, their adverse health effects are often not considered and affect users of epoxy resins worldwide. Components of epoxy resin systems are strong skin sensitizers and cause allergic contact dermatitis. The reported prevalence attributable to epoxy chemicals is between 11.7 and 12.5% of all cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. We are committed to developing epoxy resins with reduced allergenic effect, while maintaining their excellent properties. The novel ERM, pinoresinol diglycidyl ether (PinoDGE), was synthesized in one step from pinoresinol and epichlorohydrin in 88% yield. It was not classified as a skin sensitizer in the in vivo local lymph node assay, at concentrations up to 0.17 m, as it did not cause a stimulation index >3 compared to control. Pinoresinol diglycidyl ether reacted with the model peptide AcPHCKRM in a reactivity assay and was predicted to be a skin sensitizer in the KeratinoSens assay. Preliminary cross-linking studies indicate that it has promising properties compared to commercially used ERMs. Pinoresinol diglycidyl ether could be seen as a lead compound for further development of alternative ERMs with a better safety profile based on natural and renewable sources for construction of epoxy resin polymers.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
