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1.
  • Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Subsea permafrost carbon stocks and climate change sensitivity estimated by expert assessment
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 15:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas contain large stocks of organic matter (OM) and methane (CH4), representing a potential ecosystem feedback to climate change not included in international climate agreements. We performed a structured expert assessment with 25 permafrost researchers to combine quantitative estimates of the stocks and sensitivity of organic carbon in the subsea permafrost domain (i.e. unglaciated portions of the continental shelves exposed during the last glacial period). Experts estimated that the subsea permafrost domain contains similar to 560 gigatons carbon (GtC; 170-740, 90% confidence interval) in OM and 45 GtC (10-110) in CH4. Current fluxes of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the water column were estimated at 18 (2-34) and 38 (13-110) megatons C yr(-1), respectively. Under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) RCP8.5, the subsea permafrost domain could release 43 Gt CO2-equivalent (CO(2)e) by 2100 (14-110) and 190 Gt CO(2)e by 2300 (45-590), with similar to 30% fewer emissions under RCP2.6. The range of uncertainty demonstrates a serious knowledge gap but provides initial estimates of the magnitude and timing of the subsea permafrost climate feedback.
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2.
  • Moia, Davide, et al. (författare)
  • The Role of Hole Transport between Dyes in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:33, s. 18975-18985
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) photo-generated positive charges are normally considered to be carried away from the dyes by a separate phase of hole-transporting material (HTM). We show that there can also be significant transport within the dye monolayer itself before the hole reaches the HTM. We quantify the fraction of dye regeneration in solid-state DSSCs that can be attributed to this process. By using cyclic voltammetry and transient anisotropy spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the rate of interdye hole transport is prevented both on micrometer and nanometer length scales by reducing the dye loading on the TiO2 surface. The dye regeneration yield is quantified for films with high and low dye loadings (with and without hole percolation in the dye monolayer) infiltrated with varying levels of HTM. Interdye hole transport can account for >50% of the overall dye regeneration with low HTM pore filling. This is reduced to about 5% when the infiltration of the HTM in the pores is optimized in 2 mu m thick films. Finally, we use hole transport in the dye monolayer to characterize the spatial distribution of the HTM phase in the pores of the dyed mesoporous TiO2.
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