| 1. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume I
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 85-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2–20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10–120 Å), and ultracold (UCN, >500 Å) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable.
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| 2. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume II. the NNBAR experiment.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 315-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key aim of the HighNESS project for the European Spallation Source is to enable cutting-edge particle physics experiments. This volume presents a conceptual design report for the NNBAR experiment. NNBAR would exploit a new cold lower moderator to make the first search in over thirty years for free neutrons converting to anti-neutrons. The observation of such a baryon-number-violating signature would be of fundamental significance and tackle open questions in modern physics, including the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry. This report shows the design of the beamline, supermirror focusing system, magnetic and radiation shielding, and anti-neutron detector necessary for the experiment. A range of simulation programs are employed to quantify the performance of the experiment and show how background can be suppressed. For a search with full background suppression, a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude is expected, as compared with the previous search. Civil engineering studies for the NNBAR beamline are also shown, as is a costing model for the experiment.
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| 3. |
- Almer, J., et al.
(författare)
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Strain and texture analysis of coatings using high-energy x-rays
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 94:1, s. 697-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the internal strain and crystallographic orientation (texture) in physical-vapor deposited metal nitride coatings of TiN and CrN. A high-energy diffraction technique is presented that uses synchrotron x rays and an area detector, and which allows the strain and intensity distributions of multiple crystallographic planes to be measured by a single x-ray exposure. Unique texture states and nonlinear sin2 strain distributions are observed for all coatings investigated. Quantitative analysis indicates that existing micromechanical models can reasonably predict strain and corresponding stress for mixed-hkl reflections but are inadequate for fully describing measured data. Alternative mechanisms involving deposition-induced defects are proposed
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ayesa, S., et al.
(författare)
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CYSTEINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS
- 2011
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Compounds of the formula IwhereinR1a is H; and R1b is C1-C6 alkyl, Carbocyclyl or Het; orR1a and R1b together define a saturated cyclic amine with 3-6 ring atoms;R2a and R2b are H, halo, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4haloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy; orR2a and R2b together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C3-C6cycloalkyl;R3 is a branched C5-C10alkyl chain, C2-C4haloalkyl or C3-C7cycloalkylmethyl,R4 is Het, Carbocyclyl,optionally substituted as defined in the specification and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,hydrates and N-oxides thereof; are inhibitors of cathepsin S and have utility in the treatment of psoriasis, autoimmune disorders and other disorders such as asthma, arteriosclerosis, COPD and chronic pain.
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| 6. |
- Fagerquist, M., et al.
(författare)
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The transverse section of the fetus urinary bladder is circular and, for volume estimation, an appropriate longitudinal section is sufficient
- 2013
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Ingår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0932-0067 .- 1432-0711. ; 287:4, s. 647-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose was to investigate the transverse shape of the fetal urinary bladder. Methods Using 3D ultrasound, an appropriate longitudinal image of fetal urinary bladders was chosen. Perpendicular sections were examined and the transverse bladder image with a minimum of shadows was selected, documented and transferred to a PC. The contour of the transverse bladder image was marked manually and recorded electronically. The mean of radii distances from the centre pixel to each border pixel outlining this bladder image was calculated for each fetus. Results In the material comprising 20 fetuses, the range of mean radii was 2.6–18.4 mm and the SD 0.4 mm. The mean wall thickness of the bladders was 2.7 mm and the distance represented by one pixel for different selected depths was 0.3 mm on average. Conclusions In view of the current technical limitations, an aberration from the circular shape may not be discernible. For this reason, the transverse shape of the fetal urinary bladder can be regarded as a circle. This means that, for bladder volume estimation, only an appropriate longitudinal section is necessary.
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| 7. |
- Hedström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Load partitioning and strain-induced martensite formation during tensile loading of a metastable austenitic stainless steel
- 2009
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 40:5, s. 1039-1048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction and material modeling are used to investigate the strain-rate dependence of the strain-induced martensitic transformation and the stress partitioning between austenite and α′ martensite in a metastable austenitic stainless steel during tensile loading. Moderate changes of the strain rate alter the strain-induced martensitic transformation, with a significantly lower α′ martensite fraction observed at fracture for a strain rate of 10−2 s−1, as compared to 10−3 s−1. This strain-rate sensitivity is attributed to the adiabatic heating of the samples and is found to be well predicted by the combination of an extended Olson–Cohen strain-induced martensite model and finite-element simulations for the evolving temperature distribution in the samples. In addition, the strain-rate sensitivity affects the deformation behavior of the steel. The α′ martensite transformation at high strains provides local strengthening and extends the time to neck formation. This reinforcement is witnessed by a load transfer from austenite to α′ martensite during loading.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Karlson, BW, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of ED prediction of cardiac mortality among patients with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction
- 1997
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Ingår i: American Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : W.B. Saunders Co.. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 15:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was undertaken to evaluate the 1-year risk of cardiac death for patients with chest pain/suspected acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department (ED) and express the prognosis in a statistical model. Clinical variables and electrocardiogram were correlated to cardiac death during 1 year. Cox regression model was used to estimate the risk of death as a continuous function of a risk score and the time interval. From these, the prognosis for each patient can be calculated. There were 6,794 visits by 5,303 patients followed for 1 year, during which 604 patients died. The absolute risk of cardiac death can be calculated from the independent predictors for cardiac death: age; sex; histories of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and congestive heart failure; and symptoms, electrocardiographic pattern, and degree of suspicion of acute myocardial infarction on admission. This model allows estimation of the prognosis for every patient with chest pain/suspected acute myocardial infarction from data easily available in the ED.
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| 10. |
- Palmquist, J.-P., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetron sputtered W-C films with C60 as carbon source
- 2003
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 444:1-2, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films in the W–C system were prepared by magnetron sputtering of W with coevaporated C60 as carbon source. Epitaxial deposition of different W–C phases is demonstrated. In addition, nanocrystalline tungsten carbide film growth is also observed. At low C60/W ratios, epitaxial growth of α-W with a solid solution of carbon was obtained on MgO(001) and Al2O3(001) at 400 °C. The carbon content in these films (10–20 at.%) was at least an order of magnitude higher than the maximum equilibrium solubility and gives rise to an extreme hardening effect. Nanoindentation measurements showed that the hardness of these films increased with the carbon content and values as high as 35 GPa were observed. At high C60/W ratios, films of the cubic β-WC1−x (x=0–0.6) phase were deposited with a nanocrystalline microstructure. Films with a grain size <30 Å were obtained and the hardness of these films varied from 14 to 24 GPa. At intermediate C60/W ratios, epitaxial films of hexagonal W2C were deposited on MgO(111) at 400 °C. Polycrystalline phase mixtures were obtained on other substrates and hexagonal WC could be deposited as minority phase at 800 °C.
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| 11. |
- Reeve, P. A. P., et al.
(författare)
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Radical Functionalization of Unsaturated Amino Acids : Synthesis of Side-Chain-Fluorinated, Azido-Substituted, and Hydroxylated Amino Acids
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society. - 2470-1343. ; 4:6, s. 10854-10865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A range of enantiomerically pure protected side-chain-fluorinated amino acids has been prepared (13 examples) by treatment of protected amino acids containing unsaturated side chains with a combination of Fe(III)/NaBH4 and Selectfluor. The modification of the conditions by replacement of Selectfluor with NaN3 allowed the preparation of side-chain azido-substituted amino acids (five examples), which upon catalytic hydrogenation gave the corresponding amines, isolated as lactams (four examples). Radical hydration of the unsaturated side chains leading to side-chain-hydroxylated protected amino acids has also been demonstrated.
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| 12. |
- Talyzin, AV, et al.
(författare)
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In situ x-ray diffraction study of C-60 polymerization at high pressure and temperature
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 66:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The C-60 polymerization was studied by x-ray diffraction in situ in the pressure range 13-18 GPa and at temperatures up to 830 K and nonhydrostatic conditions. Quenched samples were studied ex situ by Raman spectroscopy. The results of the high-pressure and high-temperature treatment are strongly dependent on the history of the sample and stress. An inaccurate increase of the pressure leads to the formation of internal stresses in the sample which gives elliptical Debye-Scherrer diffraction rings already at room temperature. During the subsequent heat treatment a soft amorphous phase is formed. At certain conditions no elliptical diffraction patterns were observed at 13 GPa and 830 K. Samples with a relatively low internal stress showed a transformation to a phase with decreased c-cell parameter compared to the known two-dimensional rhombohedral phase. The observed phase can be described as distorted cubic, but a better fit is achieved using a rhombohedral cell. It is suggested that this phase is a three-dimensional polymer with each C-60 molecule bonded to eight neighbors. This phase showed an increased hardness (about 37 GPa) and a Raman spectrum distinctly different from previously known polymeric phases.
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| 13. |
- Talyzin, A V, et al.
(författare)
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Superhard and superelastic films of polymeric C60
- 2001
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Ingår i: Diamond and related materials. - 0925-9635 .- 1879-0062. ; 10:11, s. 2044-2048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The C60 thin film deposited on steel substrate was transformed by high pressure-high temperature treatment to a superhard and superclastic material. The films were studied by Raman spectroscopy in situ at 20 GPa after heating at 300░C and ex situ after the quenching. The hardness and elastic properties of the high-pressure phases have been characterized with nanoindentation. The hardness of the films were determined to be 0.5 ▒ 0.1 GPa and 61.9 ▒ 9 GPa for unmodified C60 and HPHT treated films, respectively. The hardness of the pressurized film is higher than for cubic BN but lower than hardness values reported for ultrahard fullerite samples prepared from powders. An interesting observation was that the HPHT treated film showed an extreme elastic response with an elastic recovery of approximately 90%. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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