| 1. |
- Waern, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Office automation and users need for support
- 1991
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Ingår i: Behaviour and Information Technology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 10:6, s. 501-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated a recently introduced office automation system at Swedish Telecom. In a first study, where 275 users answered an inventory, the users indicated that they found the system useful, but that they would like better user support. Paper and on-line support were most often used at the syntax level, but were not regarded to be very satisfactory. Human advisors were found to be consulted most often, as well as being reported the most satisfactory means of support at the task and conceptual levels. In an interview study concerning the electronic mail system, the results from 35 users showed that the users were satisfied with the system, but that they knew fairly little about it, particularly at the semantic level. A third study showed that the system support personnel knew their users rather well. When asked to describe the system, system support personnel mainly described the system in computer terms, whereas many other users described it non-informatively. It is concluded that knowledgeable human advisors are needed lo support the efficient use of a system by illuminating task and semantic aspects. At the same time, easy-to-use manuals are needed to support the reminding about syntactic and interaction details.
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| 2. |
- Baumann, Konrad, et al.
(författare)
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EISH – Exercises in Studying HCI
- 2007
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Ingår i: Creativity 3.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the outcomes of the December 2006 CONVIVIO Faculty Forum and the proposed framework and guidelines for design exercises to stimulate creativity, developed at the Forum.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Green, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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User centered design for intelligent service robots
- 2000
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Ingår i: IEEE RO-MAN 2000. - Piscataway : IEEE. - 078036273X ; , s. 161-166, s. 161-166
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development of a fetch-and-carry robot to assist physically impaired people in an office environment. Different methods involving users are employed in the project, including the task analysis, Hi-Fi simulation trials and focus group sessions. Through an iterative design process, a prototype robot system has been developed, with an enhanced robot platform including a graphical user interface and natural language interface. The users' need for continuous feedback from the robot has led to the development of an animated character (CERO), which relates the two interface components and indicates the robot's current state by using simple gestures
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| 7. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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HCI Education in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: SIGCHI Bulletin. - : ACM SiGCHI. ; 4:2, s. 3-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Hjalmarsson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Human factors in electronic mail system design
- 1989
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Ingår i: Behaviour & Information Technology. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 8:6, s. 461-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current paper analyses how human factors aspects and system design aspects may co-operate in the design of a particular application, i.e. electronic mail systems. A review of research on the experience of electronic mail systems is presented, as well as a pilot study covering the experience of mail systems in different user groups. The users were found to differ mainly in terms of the tasks they performed and wanted to perform. It is therefore suggested that a task analysis is essential in system design. Current practice on task analysis is presented, which shows that a more detailed task analysis is needed to be useful. In order to achieve flexibility, the subtasks found should be designed in a modular way. Here the system designer will need different supports. To facilitate co-operation between end-users and system designers some kind of communication support is also suggested.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hüttenrauch, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Involving users in the design of a mobile office robot
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part C, Applications and reviews. - : IEEE. - 1094-6977 .- 1558-2442. ; 34:2, s. 113-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the experiences from the iterative design of a fetch-and-carry-robot, to be used by motion-impaired people in an office environment. A user-centered approach was chosen, involving several steps of information elicitation to inform the design. We describe the main elements of the design process, the communication and interaction components of the final prototype system, and an evaluation of the system in the form of a longitudinal study. Results from this study confirmed that continuous testing with users is extremely important in the design process for service robots. The trials have also revealed that interaction design for robots should not focus only on the individual user, but that other members in the environment can be seen "secondary users" or "bystanders" who tend to relate to the robot actively in various ways. We conclude that these social and collaborative issues should be studied in future research.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Håkansson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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ViCoLL : a Visual Compositional Logic Language
- 2001
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Ingår i: (HCC01) Symposia on Human-Centric Computing. Language and Environments.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- CombiLog is a logic programming language that uses a small set of basic operators to build larger structures. Although the programs are built strictly through composi-tion, the resulting code is often difficult to read and un-derstand. Empirical studies on program creation both with VPL and traditional programming indicate that visual approaches may outperform traditional approaches to programming. Thus, CombiLog could gain largely from a visual interface to support the development process. With a visual interface the resulting system can be regarded as a declarative Visual Logic Programming language, Vi-Coll.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Laaksoharju, Mikael, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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What is the problem to which AI chatbots are the solution? : AI ethics through Don Ihde's embodiment, hermeneutic, alterity, and background relationships
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ethics and Sustainability in Digital Cultures. - Oxon : Routledge. - 9781032434643 - 9781003367451 ; , s. 31-48
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Almost overnight at the end of 2022, ChatGPT became a hot topic – a technology that seemed to “change everything.” In this essay, we analyze the ethical implications of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, by circling around the question “how do we live well together with AI chatbots and its ilk?”. We focus on how technology mediates relationships between humans, technology, and the world, drawing on Ihde’s embodiment, hermeneutic, alterity, and background relationships. Rather than placing AI chatbots into one of the categories, we see how they can be seen as belonging to all four forms of relationships with their corresponding ethical issues. In embodiment relationships, AI chatbots can be used to relate to the world, for example as a digital assistant. In hermeneutic relationships, AI chatbots can let you read the world and provide a constant diagnosis of statements, courses of action, etc. In alterity relationships, AI chatbots can become your always available speaking partner. In background relationships, AI chatbots contribute to introducing generalized doubt and highlighting the world as something to be prompted. An observation is also that while there are many benefits of chatbots within embodiment, hermeneutic, and alterity relationships, there are significant drawbacks within the background relationships.
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| 17. |
- Löfström, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Using cultural analysis as a tool to increase quality in organisational ergonomics
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines organisational ergonomics as an area that can be improved by use of cultural analysis. The empirical ground is the study of an Intranet based leadership strategy which is utilised in Stockholm municipality with the purpose to implement a steering document in a similar way to all employees. Three different perspectives of organisational ergonomics are explored and analysed through the lens of deep cultural analysis. The aim of the paper is to show how culture can be used as a tool to interpret organisational ergonomics.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Oestreicher, Lars
(författare)
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Cognitive Chunks as Neural Activity : Is it Possible to see What you Think?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings Of The 10th IEEE International Conference On Cognitive Infocommunications. - Neapel : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 199-204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we present some initial results from the use of Electroencephalograms and Machine Learning to examine the possibilities to find means of communication for people with severe multi-impairments that affect their ability to communicate with other people in their surroundings. The current results from a series of experiments are still tentative, but indicate some interesting possibilities for further development.In the experiments, informants (without any impairments) have been instructed to look at a screen where simple pictures have been displayed. During the experiment the raw data readings have been recorded and tagged with the corresponding picture that has been displayed at the same time. This data has then been analyzed through a Convolutional Neural Network.The preliminary result from the experiments is that it is possible to predict which picture the informant is looking at from a single reading of the brain activity with around 80% accuracy. There are further indications of that what we can observe in these patterns is not a representation of the pictures, but rather a representation of a conceptual ''chunk''. This possibility will be discussed to some end in the Conclusions.
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| 20. |
- Oestreicher, Lars
(författare)
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Cognitive, social, sociable or just socially acceptable robots?
- 2007
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Ingår i: RO-MAN 2007. The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human interactive Communication. - : IEEE. - 1424416345 - 9781424416349 ; , s. 558-563
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today there is a large movement towards creating social and cognitive robots. Today there is research aiming at using robots as care support as well as social agents introduced in geriatric care and home care. Much of the research is aimed at the development of cognitive and social agents, since robot agents are considered to need ways of interacting with the people in the surrounding areas. In this perspective it is necessary to start thinking of robots not only in terms of social, cognitive or sociable, but also of socially acceptable. What are the requirements for a socially acceptable robot, and which properties in a robot provide for making it more or less acceptable as part of a social environment? In this paper a set of tentative acceptance properties is presented, together with the results from a pilot study trying to assess the importance of some of these properties for the social acceptance of domestic service robots.
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| 21. |
- Oestreicher, Lars, 1962-
(författare)
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Conceptual Modelling of Tasks : A Design Pattern Approach from E-mail to Robots
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- HTML clipboardThe thesis deals with the dual problem of finding out and modelling the needs of users in various situations and constructing models of supportive software. Task analysis has not been a very hot topic for research in the last years, but in my work I have tried to apply task analysis to certain application areas. In this thesis the focus is therefore on two different kinds of applications, the first being a traditional software application, electronic mail systems. The second application area is programming of service robots for the home, and specifically robots that are intended as support for people with functional disorders, e.g., as a result of neural diseases or accidents with neurological consequences. The work in the thesis spans over a long period of research, but there is a thread going through the thesis based on a perspective that regards work tasks as consisting of sequences of patterns. In the e-mail application area, the pattern theory was not outspoken, but can be seen in the software prototyping tool, GRASP, that was developed in pure Prolog. The task pattern system, TAPAS, that was developed from the work in robots and the interviews with people with various degrees of disorders is clearer on the pattern approach. With the GRASP system, the idea was that users could be involved in the development through prototyping tools that would enable a more individual design of the application and the interface functionality. When this was taken into the area of design for inclusion, it was clear that the pattern approach in TAPAS would need to cater for an individual design of the robot’s tasks. Individualisation is a costly process but it can be eased through the use of a pattern approach to task modelling. The conclusion of the work in this thesis is that task analysis and conceptual modelling still have application areas within software development, especially where there is a large need for individual adaptation of the applications (such as robots as support for people with functional disorders). I show that a combined knowledge elicitation method and task modelling tool based on a pattern-based perspective can facilitate a more flexible and individual design of software. More precisely, in the robot context, I show that a robot that is programmed through a pattern approach receives a potential to become flexible enough to allow for end user reprogramming under certain circumstances. The conclusion of my work is that task analysis in combination with conceptual modelling of tasks as patterns is a promising method combination for the programming in task areas where there is a large need for individualization and flexibility.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Oestreicher, Lars
(författare)
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Finding keys for people with mild dementia : Not just a matter of beeping and flashing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings 8th International Conference on Augmented Cognition, Foundations of Augmented Cognition. - Cham : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783319075266 ; , s. 315-324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Searching for everyday objects are a frequent activity for most people. Misplaced keys, mobiles and other devices are a source of annoyance, and even more so, if people are affected by memory problems. Searching for objects is a frustrating activity, especially if this is a frequently recurring phenomenon. There are several existing techniques for retrieving objects, but many of them do not use the available technology to the full extent, providing solutions that are almost "good-enough" but not necessarily useable practice.In this paper we present a solution that is intense to be more than good-enough, and simultaneously argue that there is a need for solutions that don't only facilitate a good life for people with impairments, but that also does so with the user's emotional experience (UEX?) in focus.
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| 24. |
- Oestreicher, Lars, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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From Visual Forms to Metaphors : Targeting Cultural Competence in Image Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Conference (DHNB 2022). ; , s. 343-351
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image analysis has taken a large step forward with the development within machine learning. Today, recognizing images as well as constituent parts of images (faces, objects, etc.) is a relatively common task within machine learning. However, there is still a big difference between recognizing the content of a picture and understanding the meaning of the image. In the current project we have chosen an interdisciplinary approach to this problem, including art history, machine learning and computational linguistics. Current approaches pay large attention to details of the image when trying to describe what is in the picture, resulting, e.g., in that smiling faces will support the interpretation of the image as “positive” or “happy”, even if the picture itself is a scary scene. Other problematic issues are irony and other polyvalent messages with a large amount of ambiguity that enables for example humorous interpretations of a picture. As a starting point, we have chosen to identify visual agency, i.e., how and why pictures, when regarded as acting agents, effectively may catch the attention of the viewer. Our objective for this first phase of the project is to investigate multi-modal models’ capacity for recognizing such high-level image content as, for example, context, agency, visual narration, and metaphors. Ultimately, the goal is to improve cultural competence and visual literacy of neural networks through art-historical and humanities expertise. In the paper we will describe our current approach, the general ideas behind it, and the methods that will be used.
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| 25. |
- Oestreicher, Lars
(författare)
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Future assistive devices : What's at stake for you or me?
- 2019
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Ingår i: XRDS. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1528-4972 .- 1528-4980. ; 26:1, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the future, small portable devices will be available for all kinds of purposes, not least as a support for people with different kinds of impairments. But is this purely a good development or are there possible dangers? In the latter case, how can we find a proper balance?
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Oestreicher, Lars
(författare)
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Providing for social acceptance in task modelling for robots
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 RO-MAN. - : IEEE. - 1424416345 - 9781424416349 ; , s. 81-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A proper behaviour of a robot is probably of importance when we consider the possibility of having it accepted by people. For example, it has been shown that erratic or unexplained behaviour tends to be a cause of distrust in the robot. There are several other, more non-technical issues that need to be fulfilled by the robot in order to make it acceptable in society. Even for cognitive, intelligent and largely autonomous robots their tasks need to be modelled. One such task modelling method, task patterns, has been proposed earlier as a language for describing robot activities. In this article it is suggested that the task pattern language can be extended through a framework based on the ideas behind Design Patterns, to also incorporate modelling of task properties that are important to the acceptance of a robot in a social environment.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Oestreicher, Lars
(författare)
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Teaching HCI from Real World Examples : Furnishing creativity?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Creativity 3.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues that it can give good results to use bad and good design examples when teaching Human-Computer Interaction provided that the examples are elaborated by the teacher in a manner that enables a changed (shaken) mind-set in the students. In the paper examples from lectures, exercises and larger assignments using concrete material as a base are discussed from the perspective of general theories of education. The key issue in the teaching process in order to reach this level is the proper elaboration of the used examples and exercises, leaving the reflection on the problem to the students to a large extent. One conclusion is that it is possible to use elaboration to support the students’ learning so that he or she is enabled to understand the general problem and create new solutions to given problems. Elaboration of concrete examples can in this way support even a creative level of learning.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Oestreicher, Lars
(författare)
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Teaching Human-Computer Interaction from Real World Examples : Furnishing Creativity?
- 2009. - 1:a
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Ingår i: Creativity and HCI. - Boston, MA : Springer. - 9780387890210 - 9780387890227 ; , s. 60-77
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues that it can give good results to use bad and good design examples when teaching Human-Computer Interaction provided that the examples are elaborated by the teacher in a manner that enables a changed (shaken) mind-set in the students. In the paper examples from lectures, exercises and larger assignments using concrete material as a base, are discussed from the perspective of general theories of education. The key issue in the teaching process in order to reach this level is the proper elaboration of the used examples and exercises, leaving the reflection on the problem to the students to a large extent. One conclusion is that it is possible to use elaboration to support the students' learning so that he or she is enabled to understand the general problem and create new solutions to given problems. Elaboration of concrete examples can in this way support even a creative level of learning.
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| 34. |
- Oestreicher, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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User Expectations on Human-Robot Co-operation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2006. ROMAN 2006. The 15th IEEE International Symposium on. - 9781424405657 ; , s. 91-96
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robots are sometimes considered as candidates for being ideal helpers in various situations. As robot technology advances quickly it might be tempting to assume that robots will soon widely used in homes dealing with all sorts of tasks, from small assignments to more complex tasks. However, it is still not clear what people expect a robot to do in their homes. This paper describes the results from two studies that investigate the public opinion towards service robots, both as a general domestic worker, and as a support for people with special needs.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Oestreicher Lars., Rauterberg Matthias., Tauber Michael
(författare)
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HCI - World Wide
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTERACT 2000 Conference. - : Kluwer.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Åberg, Anna Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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A Study Protocol for Applying User Participation and Co-Learning—Lessons Learned from the eBalance Project
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The eBalance project is based on the idea that serious exergames-i.e., computer gaming systems with an interface that requires physical exertion to play-that are well adapted to users, can become a substantial part of a solution to recognized problems of insufficient engagement in fall-prevention exercise and the high levels of fall-related injuries among older people. This project is carried out as a collaboration between eight older people who have an interest in balance training and met the inclusion criteria of independence in personal activities of daily living, access to and basic knowledge of a computer, four staff working with the rehabilitation of older adults, and an interdisciplinary group of six research coordinators covering the areas of geriatric care and rehabilitation, as well as information technology and computer science. This paper describes the study protocol of the project's initial phase which aims to develop a working partnership with potential users of fall-prevention exergames, including its conceptual underpinnings. The qualitative methodology was inspired by an ethnographical approach implying combining methods that allowed the design to evolve through the study based on the participants' reflections. A participatory and appreciative action and reflection (PAAR) approach, accompanied by inquiries inspired by the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) was used in interactive workshops, including exergame testing, and between workshop activities. Data were collected through audio recordings, photos, and different types of written documentation. The findings provide a description of the methodology thus developed and applied. They display a methodology that can be useful for the design and development of care service and innovations for older persons where user participation is in focus.
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