| 1. |
- Bjornsson, Einar, et al.
(författare)
-
Health-related quality of life in patients with different stages of liver disease induced by hepatitis C
- 2009
-
Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 44:7, s. 878-887
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Patients with hepatitis C have been shown to have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to determine HRQoL in patients in different stages of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to compare HRQoL in HCV cirrhosis with non-HCV-induced cirrhosis. Material and methods. Out of 489 consecutive patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 472 (96%) agreed to participate in the study: 158 patients with mild/moderate fibrosis with chronic hepatitis C (CHC group), 76 patients with HCV compensated cirrhosis (CC), 53 patients with HCV decompensated (DC) cirrhosis, 52 non-cirrhotic patients with sustained viral response (SVR), and a control group consisting of 32 patients with non-HCV CC and 101 with non-HCV DC who completed the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and EQ-5D questionnaire. Results. The CHC group had significantly lower SF-36 scores than healthy controls, with the exception of scores for the dimensions physical function and bodily pain. HCV patients with DC had lower scores in all SF-36 dimensions in comparison with those of the CHC group, as well as in physical and mental component summaries (Pandlt;0.001). In comparison with the CHC group, the HCV CC group had lower scores on the SF-36 general health dimension (p andlt;0.05) and lower SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) scores (p andlt;0.05). No major differences were seen in patients with HCV- and non-HCV-induced cirrhosis. Conclusions. Impairment in HRQoL in patients with HCV was associated with the severity of liver disease, patients with decompensated cirrhosis exhibiting the highest impairment in HRQoL. The etiology of liver disease does not seem to be important in determining HRQoL in cirrhosis.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dhaka, Veer, et al.
(författare)
-
Aluminum-Induced Photoluminescence Red Shifts in Core-Shell GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Nanowires
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 13:8, s. 3581-3588
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a new phenomenon related to Al-induced carrier confinement at the interface in core-shell GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs nanowires grown using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy with Au as catalyst. All AlxGa1-xAs shells strongly passivated the GaAs nanowires, but surprisingly the peak photoluminescence (PL) position and the intensity from the core were found to be a strong function of Al composition in the shell at low temperatures. Large and systematic red shifts of up to similar to 66 nm and broadening in the PL emission from the GaAs core were observed when the Al composition in the shell exceeded 3%. On the contrary, the phenomenon was observed to be considerably weaker at the room temperature. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals Al segregation in the shell along six Al-rich radial bands displaying a 3-fold symmetry. Time-resolved PL measurements suggest the presence of indirect electron-hole transitions at the interface at higher Al composition. We discuss all possibilities including a simple shell-core-shell model using simulations where the density of interface traps increases with the Al content, thus creating a strong local electron confinement. The carrier confinement at the interface is most likely related to Al inhomogeneity and/or Al-induced traps. Our results suggest that a low Al composition in the shell is desirable in order to achieve ideal passivation in GaAs nanowires.
|
|
| 3. |
- Drozdov, Dmitrii, et al.
(författare)
-
Utilizing Software Design Patterns in Product-Driven Manufacturing System : A Case Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Service Oriented, Holonic and Multi-agent Manufacturing Systems for Industry of the Future. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 301-312
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of a flexible product-driven manufacturing exemplified in a case study. The case study is based on Festo EnAS (“Energieautarke Aktoren und Sensoren” or “energy efficient actuators and sensors” in English) platform, enhanced with a mobile robot for logistics and a camera for automated visual-based product inspection. IEC 61499-based and wireless-capable embedded controllers are used to enable decentralized control architecture. In this case study, a software design pattern is considered to enable easier development of modular production systems with physically reconfigurable layout during the production process. This paper applies the software design pattern into production systems where product-driven approach is adopted, i.e. the overall production process is determined based on the product specifications/requirements from the customer.
|
|
| 4. |
- Gustavsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
SGFs nationella riktlinjer för ascites
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Gastrokuriren. - Lund : Svensk gastroenterologisk förening. - 1651-0453. ; 14:3, s. 39-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 5. |
- Melum, Espen, et al.
(författare)
-
Hepatitis C impairs survival following liver transplantation irrespective of concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 47:6, s. 777-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver transplantation (LTX) is the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease caused by hepatitis C (HCV). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common in patients with HCV cirrhosis. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-two HCV patients listed for LTX in the Nordic countries in a 17-year period were included. For comparison a group of patients with non-viral chronic liver disease (n=1552) was used. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-three (90%) patients received a first liver allograft. HCC was found in 38% of the explanted livers. Survival at 1, 3 and 5years was 82%, 69% and 61% vs. 85%, 80% and 76% for the comparison group (p<0.0001), this survival difference was also evident when excluding patients with HCC (p=0.007). HCV patients with HCC had 1, 3 and 5year survival of 73%, 52% and 46% compared with 88%, 80% and 71% for the HCV patients without HCC (p=0.0005). In an intention-to-treat analysis (from time of acceptance to the waiting list) HCV was also associated with an impaired survival. CONCLUSIONS: HCV cirrhosis, which is now also an important indication for LTX in the Nordic countries, and significantly impairs survival following LTX. Concomitant HCC and donor age are the two most important factors contributing to an impaired survival.
|
|
| 6. |
- Oksanen, Antti, et al.
(författare)
-
Bulky paper with good strength and smoothness? : Certainly!
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 29:4, s. 725-731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing bulk is the first step toward resource-lean papermaking. Increasing the bulk tends to reduce strength and increase porosity and roughness; however, loss in strength could be compensated for via an increase in the specific strength of bonds. The increase in total surface area can have a positive influence on the porosity and smoothness of the paper. Results suggest that the bulk of fine paper can be increased by 20% and the critical paper properties maintained through selection of the kraft fibre type, control of the degree of hornification, addition of xyloglucan, and use of fines-rich mechanical pulp. In general, the results reported on here suggest that increasing bulk or reducing grammage is a challenging task but can be accomplished through simultaneous application of several unconventional measures.
|
|
| 7. |
- Oksanen, Antti, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving Wet Web Runnability and Paper Quality by an Uncharged Polysaccharide
- 2011
-
Ingår i: J BIOBASED MATER BIO. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1556-6560. ; 5:2, s. 187-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of xyloglucan addition on wet web strength, drying tension and end product quality of bleached birch kraft pulps were examined with laboratory trials. Specific xyloglucan dosages were applied onto wet fibre networks by spraying. Laboratory sheets were prepared of never-dried and once-dried birch pulps. Wet sheet strength and drying characteristics were analysed using diverse analytical instruments. Structural, strength and surface properties of dry sheet samples were tested according to standard methods. Wet web strength and tension holding potential of test samples increased with the addition of xyloglucan, which is an indication of better wet web runnability. Xyloglucan also increased the drying tension. Besides enhanced runnability, xyloglucan treatment was also found to improve end product quality by improving smoothness and dry strength properties, and decreasing air permeability. Results indicate that xyloglucan treatment has greater strengthening potential with once-dried chemical pulp, whereas the effect with never-dried pulp was smaller. Never-dried fibre has high natural bonding ability when once-dried fibres re-swelling and thus bonding ability has deteriorated in drying process. Therefore, xyloglucan seems to have potential especially in recovering the strength properties of pulp with hornified cell walls, such as in recycled pulp. In general, these results can be exploited in paper and board machines for tailoring fibre networks for different product grades or special functional products.
|
|
| 8. |
- Tiira, Jonna, et al.
(författare)
-
Intracavity double diode structures with GaInP barrier layers for thermophotonic cooling
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Optical and Electronic Cooling of Solids II. - : SPIE. - 9781510606838 ; 10121
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical cooling of semiconductors has recently been demonstrated both for optically pumped CdS nanobelts and for electrically injected GaInAsSb LEDs at very low powers. To enable cooling at larger power and to understand and overcome the main obstacles in optical cooling of conventional semiconductor structures, we study thermophotonic (TPX) heat transport in cavity coupled light emitters. Our structures consist of a double heterojunction (DHJ) LED with a GaAs active layer and a corresponding DHJ or a p-n-homojunction photodiode, enclosed within a single semiconductor cavity to eliminate the light extraction challenges. Our presently studied double diode structures (DDS) use GaInP barriers around the GaAs active layer instead of the AlGaAs barriers used in our previous structures. We characterize our updated double diode structures by four point probe IV-measurements and measure how the material modifications affect the recombination parameters and coupling quantum efficiencies in the structures. The coupling quantum efficiency of the new devices with InGaP barrier layers is found to be approximately 10 % larger than for the structures with AlGaAs barriers at the point of maximum efficiency.
|
|
| 9. |
- Torregrosa Hetland, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of innovation policy on firm innovation : A comparison of Finland and Sweden, 1970-2013
- 2017
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To what extent have public policies contributed to the innovation performance of Finland and Sweden in the period 1970-2013? This paper aims to assess the share of innovations stimulated by the public sector, specifically because of receiving public funding or being the result of research collaboration with public institutions. We combine survey and LBIO results on these variables, to overcome reporting biases found in the two methods.The main data comes from the new UDIT dataset, which gathers the most significant innovations of both countries for the period, in total about 4,100 Swedish and 2,600 Finnish innovations. It has been constructed following the LBIO method (Literature Based Innovation Output), which obtains information on relevant commercialized innovations from general technology journals as well as industry specific trade journals.Our results indicate that Finland had a substantially larger public involvement in these innovations than Sweden. This is specially true in the years between 1990 and 2000, when we see a drop in the relative role of the Swedish public sector in innovation output, while the Finnish trends are constant or slightly increasing over the period. However, in both countries public policies lie behind a significant share of the innovations (30-50% in Finland, 15-35% in Sweden), and in the Swedish case we can further assess that the publicly stimulated innovations were more often found among the most significant new products (written about in several articles).
|
|
| 10. |
- Torregrosa-Hetland, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
The prevalence of publicly stimulated innovations – A comparison of Finland and Sweden, 1970–2013
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the role played by the state in stimulating innovation in the private sector has been a prevalent interest in innovation research, studies analysing the impacts of public interventions have usually focused on individual policies, programs or projects. Public stimulation is hence often studied from a relatively restricted and temporarily confined perspective, leaving a macro-level and longer-term perspective unrecognized. This article provides further evidence on the matter by examining how many innovations in Finland and Sweden have been publicly stimulated through funding or research collaboration, over a period of more than four decades (1970–2013). Our main source is a new innovation database constructed following the Literature Based Innovation Output (LBIO) method, which gathers the most significant innovations of both countries for the study period, totalling approximately 4100 Swedish and 2600 Finnish innovations. Our results indicate that the public sector has played a very prominent role in stimulating private innovation in both countries, and with an increasing trend. This is especially true for Finland, where 35–55% of the innovations of the period have been stimulated by public funding and 25–65% by collaboration with public research. In Sweden, the share of publicly stimulated innovations has been somewhat lower and erratic, but has increased over time.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Yamamoto, Shinji, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term outcome of liver transplantation in HIV-1 positive patients: 15 years follow-up
- 2013
-
Ingår i: ISRN Transplantation. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-4092. ; Article ID 480582
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver transplantation (LT) for patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection has been associated with poor outcome. However, after the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy, short-term patient survival after LT has improved significantly. We examined the long-term outcome of HIV-1-positive patients who underwent LT. Medical records were analysed in nine HIV-1-positive LT patients who underwent LT from August 1998 to May 2012. Eight were known to be HIV-1 positive at the time of listing for LT and had end-stage liver disease (ESLD) due to hepatitis C. One patient had primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary HIV-1 infection was found at the date of LT. Seven of the nine patients remain alive to date. So far, three have survived more than 12 years after LT. The overall patient survival rate for both five and 10 years is 77.8%. Four patients experienced acute rejection and six acquired biopsy-confirmed HCV recurrence. HIV-1 replication was effectively blocked during follow-up in all patients. We conclude that long-term survival of HIV-1-positive patients after LT can be achieved. Our study suggests that LT can offer an effective treatment option in selected HIV-1 infected patients with ESLD
|
|
