| 1. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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Möjlighetsfönster står öppet
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abbasi, Saeed, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A field investigation of the size, morphology and chemical composition of airborne particles in rail transport
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The health effects of inhalable airborne particles are well documented. In the European Union the European Council mandates that the level of airborne particles with a diameter smaller than 10 µm (PM10) must not exceed an annual average of 40 µg/m3. Examples of possible sources from rail transport are mechanical brakes, wheel rail contact, current collectors, ballast, sleepers and masonry structures. In this regard, a series of field tests have been conducted on a regular Swedish track using a regional train instrumented with: particle measurement devices, temperature sensors in brake pads and sensors to measure the magnitude of train speed and a GPS.Two sampling points for airborne particles were designated in the train under frame. One of the sampling points was near a pad to rotor disc brake contact and a second global sampling point was chosen under the frame, but not near a mechanical brake or the wheel-rail contact. The first one was highly influenced by brake pad wear debris and the other one was influenced by all of the brake pads, wheel and rail wear debris as well as re-suspension. In each sampling points, three tubes were linked to three particle measurement devices. Two sets of Ptrak, Dustrak and Grimm devices were used. The Ptrak 8525 was an optical particle measurement device which could measure particle diameter in the size interval of 20 nm up to 1 micrometer. The Dustrak was used to measure particle mass concentration. The Grimm 1.109 was an aerosol spectrometer which counted number of particles from 0.25 micrometer to 32 micrometer in 31 intervals. These two Grimm devices were equipped with Millipore filters in the devices outlets to capture particles for further studies on morphology and matter of particles.The total number and size distribution of the particles for these two sampling points were registered and evaluated in different situations such as activating and deactivating electrical brake or train curve negotiating.During braking, three peaks of 250 nm, 350 nm and 600 nm in diameter, with the 350 nm peak dominating were identified in the fine particle region. In the coarse particle region, a peak of around 3-6 µm in diameter was discovered. The brake pad temperature effects on particle size distribution were also investigated and the results showed that the peak around 250 nm increased. Furthermore, the activation of electrical braking significantly reduced the number of airborne particles.A SEM was used to capture the images from collected particles on filters. Furthermore, an ICP-Ms method was used to investigate the elemental contents of the particulates on the filter. In this case the main contribution belonged to Fe, Si, Al, Ca, Cu, Zn. The higher amount of some elements weights such as calcium, silicon, sodium and aluminum in the global sampling point filters revealed that ballast and concrete sleepers were the main sources for these particles although some of them originated from rail, wheel, brake disc and brake pad as well.
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| 4. |
- Abbasi, Saeed, et al.
(författare)
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A pin-on-disc study of the rate of airborne wear particle emissions from railway braking materials
- 2012
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Ingår i: Wear. - UK : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 284, s. 18-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigates the characteristics of particles generated from the wear of braking materials, and provides an applicable index for measuring and comparing wear particle emissions. A pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with particle measurement instruments was used. The number concentration, size, morphology, and mass concentration of generated particles were investigated and reported for particles 10 nm-32 mu m in diameter. The particles were also collected on filters and investigated using EDS and SEM. The effects of wear mechanisms on particle morphology and changes in particle concentration are discussed. A new index, the airborne wear particle emission rate (AWPER), is suggested that could be used in legislation to control non-exhaust emissions from transport modes, particularly rail transport.
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| 5. |
- Abbasi, Saeed, et al.
(författare)
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A study of airborne wear particles generated from organic railway brake pads and brake discs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Wear. - UK : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 273:1, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brake pads on wheel-mounted disc brakes are often used in rail transport due to their good thermal properties and robustness. During braking, both the disc and the pads are worn. This wear process generates particles that may become airborne and thus affect human health. The long term purpose of ‘Airborne particles in Rail transport’ project is to gain knowledge on the wear mechanisms in order to find means of controlling the number and size distribution of airborne particles. In this regard, a series of full-scale field tests and laboratory tests with a pin-on-disc machine have been conducted. The morphology and the matter of particles, along with their size distribution and concentration, have been studied. The validity of results from the pin-on-disc simulation has been verified by the field test results. Results show an ultra-fine peak for particles with a diameter size around 100 nm in diameter, a dominant fine peak for particles with a size of around 350 nm in diameter, and a coarse peak with a size of 3-7 μm in diameter. Materials such as iron, copper, aluminium, chromium, cobalt, antimony, and zinc have been detected in the nano-sized particles.
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| 6. |
- Abbasi, Saeed, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A field test study of airborne wear particles from a running regional train
- 2012
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Ingår i: IMechE, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. - UK : Sage Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 226:1, s. 95-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhalable airborne particles have inverse health affect. In railways, mechanical brakes, the wheel–rail contact, current collectors, ballast, sleepers, and masonry structures yield particulate matter. Field tests examined a Swedish track using a train instrumented with particle measurement devices, brake pad temperature sensors, and speed and brake sensors. The main objective of this field test was to study the characteristics of particles generated from disc brakes on a running train with an on-board measuring set-up.Two airborne particle sampling points were designated, one near a pad–rotor disc brake contact and a second under the frame, not near a mechanical brake or the wheel–rail contact; the numbers and size distributions of the particles detected were registered and evaluated under various conditions (e.g. activating/deactivating electrical brakes or negotiating curves). During braking, three speed/temperature-dependent particle peaks were identified in the fine region, representing particles 280 nm, 350 nm, and 600 nm in diameter. In the coarse region, a peak was discerned for particles 3–6 μm in diameter. Effects of brake pad temperature on particle size distribution were also investigated. Results indicate that the 280 nm peak increased with increasing temperature, and that electrical braking significantly reduced airborne particle numbers. FESEM images captured particles sizing down to 50 nm. The ICP-MS results indicated that Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg were the main elements constituting the particles.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Foiling Optimist
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Sailboat Technology. ; 2018, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of the successful application of hydrofoils on the America's Cup catamarans in the past two campaigns the interest in foiling sailing craft has boosted. Foils have been fitted to a large number of yachts with great success, ranging from dinghies to ocean racers. An interesting question is whether one of the slowest racing boats in the world, the Optimist dinghy, can foil, and if so, at what minimum wind speed. The present paper presents a comprehensive design campaign to answer the two questions. The campaign includes a newly developed Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) for foiling/non-foiling conditions, a wind tunnel test of sail aerodynamics, a towing tank test of hull hydrodynamics and a large number of numerical predictions of foil characteristics. An optimum foil configuration is developed and towing tank tested with satisfactory results. The final proof of the concept is a successful on the water test with stable foiling at a speed of 12 knots.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Nu krävs satsning på forskning för ett hållbart arbetsliv
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - 1104-7488.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debatt: Vi vill att forskningsråden skapar tvärvetenskapliga regionala forskningscentrum för arbetslivsforskning, som är internationellt konkurrenskraftiga och ger nationellt och regionalt kunskapsstöd. Dessa centrum ska ge kunskaper för både befintliga och framtida utmaningar. Stora vinster kan fås om forskning om folkhälsa och yttre miljö samordnas i centrumen. Arbetslivet är grunden för hälsa, välstånd och ett välfungerande samhälle. För att säkra att framtidens arbetsliv bidrar till hälsa och välstånd behövs både kunskap om hur det ska utformas och en uthållig infrastruktur för forskning. Tyvärr saknas detta. Gammal kunskap faller i glömska.
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| 10. |
- Eng Larsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the cyclic behavior of freight transport CO2-emissions in Sweden over time
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-310X .- 0967-070X. ; 23, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic growth is often considered to be the main factor behind, and tightly coupled to, the increase in freight transport work and its energy use. Recent research has quantified the relative contribution from underlying factors like value density of products, transport intensity and carbon intensity of fuel. In this work we rely on the theory of economic growth cycles in order to explain the dynamic behavior of some of these indicators. Focusing on the current growth cycle, we analyze Swedish data in a Shapley decomposition model, and the behaviors of the underlying factors are confronted against the growth cycle theory and recent findings in micro logistics. Our results suggests that the different and changing relations between growth and emission over the growth cycle indicate that the observed development in emissions is far from linear and cannot be explained straightforwardly by economic growth. The impact of the respective factor, and the relation between them, changes over time and results in different degrees of decoupling. The general trend is that micro-oriented factors tend to be more important in the rationalization period while macro-oriented factors have a stronger impact during the transformation period. We suggest that our approach might be useful not only for analyzing historical data, but also for medium-term and long-term scenarios for freight transport development and CO2- emissions. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafine Particle Formation from Wear
- 2010
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Ventilation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 9:1, s. 83-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much attention is given to the consequences of airborne particles on human health and well-being. Wear is one source of airborne particles and contributions in the urban environments from wheel-to-rail contacts and disc brakes cannot be neglected. Traditionally, mechanical wear has been associated with the generation of particles of diameters of some microns. However, the research described has found ultrafine particle generation from wear processes. Particle generation from wear was measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The wear was created through sliding contact in a tribometer (type "pin-on-disc") with different materials and with different sliding velocities and pressures, to represent rail traffic and automobile disc braking. Particle concentrations and size distributions in the air were determined for particle diameters from 10 nm up to more than 10 mu m. For most materials and conditions three particle size modes were found: one at 50-100 nm, one at a few hundred nm and one at a few mu m particle diameter.
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| 17. |
- Jansson, Anders, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafine particle formation from wear
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Ventilation 2009, the 9th International Conference on Industrial Ventilation.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much attention is given to the consequences of airborne particles on human health and well-being. Wear is one source of airborne particles and contributions in urban environments from wheel-to-rail contacts and disc brakes cannot be neglected. Traditionally mechanical wear has been associated with the generation of particles of diameters of some μm. However, we have also found ultrafine particle generation from wear processes. Particle generation from wear was measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The wear was created through sliding contact in a tribometer (type "pin-on-disc") with different materials and with different sliding velocities and pressures, to represent rail traffic and automobile disc braking. Particle concentrations and size distributions in the air were determined for particle diameters from 10 nm up to more than 10 μm. For most materials and conditions three particle size modes were found: one at 50-100 nm, one at a few hundred nm and one at a few μm particle diameter.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Juliusson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The prognostic impact of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutation in adult AML is age-dependent in the population-based setting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 4:6, s. 1094-1101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations provide prognostic information with clinical relevance through choice of treatment, but the effect of age and sex on these molecular markers has not been evaluated. The Swedish AML Registry contains data on FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations dating to 2007, and 1570 adult patients younger than 75 years, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia, had molecular results reported. Females more often had FLT3(ITD) and/or NPM1(mut) (FLT3(ITD) : female, 29%; male, 22% [P - .00151; NPM1(mut) : female, 36%; male, 27% [P < .0001]), and more males were double negative (female, 53%; male, 64%; P < .0001). Patients with FLT3(ITD) were younger than those without (59 vs 62 years; P = .023), in contrast to patients with NPM1(mut) (62 vs 60 years; P = .059). Interestingly, their prognostic effect had a strong dependence on age: FLT3(ITD) indicated poor survival in younger patients (<60 years; P = .00003), but had no effect in older patients (60-74 years; P = .5), whereas NPM1(mut) indicated better survival in older patients (P = .00002), but not in younger patients (P = .95). In FLT3(ITD)/NPM1(mut) patients, the survival was less dependent on age than in the other molecular subsets. These findings are likely to have clinical relevance for risk grouping, study design, and choice of therapy.
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| 25. |
- Kutelia, E. R., et al.
(författare)
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The tribological efficiency and the mechanism of action of nano-porous composition base brake lining materials
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Congress on Advances in Applied Physics and Materials Science. - : AIP. - 9780735409712 ; , s. 546-554
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the comparative analysis of the experimental values determined for the tribological parameters for the three novel nano-porous composition base and two conventional brake lining materials while friction with the grey cast iron disc, it was shown the considerable high tribological efficiency of the novel nano-porous composition base lining materials in comparison with the conventional (from EU and USA market) brake lining materials. The explanation is given to the action mechanism of nano-porous composition base brake lining material and its tribological efficiency basing on the "triple phase" tribo-pair model.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lundquist, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Decomposing the Technology Shift. Evidence from the Swedish Manufacturing Sector
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift Voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. - : Wiley. - 0040-747X .- 1467-9663. ; 99:2, s. 145-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the changing geographies of production and industrial renewal in Sweden during the period 1978 to 2004. Conceptually, we build on the regional version of the technology shift cycle thesis. This is performed in two steps and by combinations of national and regional empirical evidence. First, we construct a taxonomic method that distinguishes between renewed, followers, transformed, induced, contracting, and obsolete industries in the national production system. These different kinds of industries have all had different roles in the dramatic transformation of Swedish manufacturing, and we empirically identify the groups of industries using new time series data. Second, the regional footprints of the transformation are investigated applying a systemic view of regional development. The results of our investigations provide a detailed picture of the anatomies of both sector and regional transformation of the Swedish economy.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Lundquist, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Growth cycles. Transformation and regional development
- 2010
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Ingår i: SRE-DISC2010/4. ; , s. 1-29
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Departing from the renewed interest within economic history and neo-Schumpeterian perspectives on growth and economic transformation, we will suggest a theoretical framework for analyzing long term regional economic growth and transformation. Emphasis will be given to different driving forces and their various roles over time, lead-lag relations between industries and how divergence and convergence between regions shift cyclically as consequences of technological change, market integration and economic growth. We claim that systemic approaches in general have been neglected in regional science in favor of “neo-regionalism” in the sense that the study of regional growth has been focusing for years on regional innovation systems and cluster theories without any regard to systemic relations at all. Using detailed time series data and applying a systemic approach we will follow Swedish regions from the structural crises in the mid 1970s to the starting point of the present financial crises. Our results suggest that there are time lags as well as systemic spatial asymmetries between industries and regions leading to changing patterns of divergence and convergence in the regional system. Furthermore, there are indications that the regional disparities between centre and periphery have increased compared to the situation in the mid 1970s.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Lundquist, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Producer Services, Growth and Roles in Long Term Economic Development
- 2008
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Ingår i: Service Industries Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-2069 .- 1743-9507. ; 28:4, s. 463-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the varying roles of producer services in economic transformation during the last 30 years in Sweden, and analyses unique longitudinal data on eight service sectors. The theoretical background for the analysis is inspired by the technology shift thesis of economic historians, and we show that the renewal and transformation of producer services has taken place later than for the manufacturing sector. The importance of producer services in national growth increased enormously towards the end of the period, but we also note that this growth has been accompanied by a divergence in growth between service sectors.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lundquist, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The technology shift thesis : Understanding long term growth and transformation in a regional system
- 2017. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The technology shift thesisUnderstanding long term growth and transformation in a regional systemAbstractIn this paper we examines the long run economic growth and productivity performance of regions and how this relates to different phases of structural change and economic adaptability in different part of a national regional system.Firstly, we suggest a theoretical ‘systemic’ approach for analyzing long term regional economic growth and transformation. Special emphasis is given to radical technology shifts and their effect in time and space, such as lead-lag relations between industries and regions leading to divergence and convergence in regional growth as consequences of technological change, market integration and economic growth. We hypothesis that technology shifts in combination with industry structure and the existing hierarchy of regions will put strong restriction on what can be achieved in terms of transformation and growth for single regions in specific time periods but also on how interdependency in a regional system evolves over time. Secondly, in the empirical work, based on detailed analysis of the Swedish regional system 1985-2008, we show that the technology shift have targeted various part of the regional system at different points of time setting the overall average agenda for structural change, productivity development and growth for different levels of the regional system. Further on we have found that regions belonging to different level of the hierarchy tend to follow different “growth corridors” giving the basic precondition for regions to take advantage or not of the impact from the technology shift. Finally we have identified outliers and unexpected idiosyncratic regional growth trajectories calling for further in-depth research.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Lundquist, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Tillväxtens cykler. Nationell omvandling och regional utveckling
- 2011
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Ingår i: Storstäder och tillväxt. Om storstadsregioners roll, betydelse och utmaningar för hållbar ekonomisk utveckling. - 0431-2023. - 9789150622218 ; Geografiska regionsstudier 87
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Munday, D., et al.
(författare)
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Supersonic turbojet noise reduction
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Aeroacoustics. - 1475-472X. ; 12:3, s. 215-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations and Large Eddy Simulations are presented of a supersonic jet from a nozzle representative of high-performance military aircraft such as the Saab Gripen. The nozzle has a design Mach number of 1.56 and is examined at its design condition with a surrounding secondary flow at Mach numbers of 0.0, 0.1 and 0.3. The nozzle is investigated in its unmodified state and also with the addition of chevrons and microjets. Detailed flow-field velocity measurements of the jets and far-field noise measurements are presented and the noise results are scaled to represent the effects of the chevrons and microjets on airport neighbors. Chevrons and internal fluidic injection by microjets each reduce the noise generated by the main jet. And substantially reduce the noise footprint around the airport. The numerical simulation technique, correctly predicts the flow and noise not only the baseline case, but also the noise reduction by both chevrons and microjects.
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| 50. |
- Munday, D., et al.
(författare)
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Techniques for supersonic turbojet noise reduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2012; Copenhagen; Denmark; 11 June 2012 through 15 June 2012. - 9780791844670 ; 1, s. 51-56
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations and simulations are presented of a supersonic jet from a nozzle representative of high-performance military aircraft such as the Saab Gripen. The nozzle has a design Mach number of 1.56 and is examined at its design condition with a surrounding secondary flow at Mach numbers of 0.0, 0.1 and 0.3. Chevrons and internal fluidic injection by microjets each reduce the noise generated by the main jet. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.
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