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- Noz, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical application of a semiautomatic 3D fusion tool where automatic fusion techniques are difflicult to use
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biomedical Image Registration, Proceedings. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3540356487 ; , s. 195-205
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the clinical advantages of using semiautomatic volume registration where automatic registration is problematic due to large deformations, small bone anatomy, or extraneous structures. Examples are drawn from clinical cases of MRI/PET breast studies, CT angiography/SPECT cardiac studies, and total wrist arthroplasty. These types of studies should be contrasted with those involving the head, thorax, and pelvis where there is much less deformation and the existence of (some) large bones facilitates automatic matching.
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- Olivecrona, H, et al.
(författare)
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Stability of acetabular axis after total hip arthroplasty, repeatability using CT and a semiautomated program for volume fusion
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 44:6, s. 653-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To validate a CT method for detecting changes in acetabular cup orientation after THA Material and Methods: 26 CT examinations were obtained from a pelvic model with an uncemented acetabular cup. The model position was altered between acquisitions, but the cup axis angle vis-à-visthe pelvis was maintained. Data sets were combined into 37 pairs, each containing a unique positioning error. The pelvi in different examinations were fused, creating transformed volumes. Landmarks corresponding to the cup before and after fusion were placed interactively by two independent examiners. The orientation of the acetabular axis was calculated for each volume and compared across volumes. Results: Before fusion the mean angle error between the acetabular axes was 4.17° (SD ± 1.95°). After fusion the mean angle error was 0.36° (SD ± 0.17). The 95% repeatability limits were below 0.7°. There was no significant interobserver difference. Analysis of the cup landmarking pattern by condition numbers and individual landmark errors showed stability. Conclusion: Non-invasive fusion of CT volumes and a stable landmarking pattern for the acetabular cup outperforms routine plain radiography in detecting changes in the orientation of the acetabular axis over time. The method delivers both visual and numerical output and could be used in clinical practice.
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- von Horn, H, et al.
(författare)
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GH is a regulator of IGF2 promoter-specific transcription in human liver
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 172:3, s. 457-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2) is complex and involves the usage of four promoters resulting in different 5' untranslated regions, but with a common translated product. The IGF2 gene product is a mitogenic and survival factor that has been suggested to be important for a normal fetal development and cancer. In this paper we present evidence suggesting that the human IGF2 gene is regulated by GH, and that this regulation occurs in a promoter-specific way. Three lines of evidence support this finding. First, in vivo data from patients treated with GH (one injection or daily injections for 5 consecutive days) showed an increase in the IGF2 P2 promoter derived transcript after acute treatment, and of the P4 promoter transcript after short-term treatment while the P1 promoter derived transcript did not show any significant change. Secondly, isolated human liver cells treated with GH for 2 h displayed an upregulation of the P2 promoter derived transcript. Thirdly, employing transfection experiments in GH-receptor positive CHO cells with P2 and P4 promoter-luciferase constructs, an upregulation by GH was evident, while a P1 promoter construct was unresponsive. We suggest that GH may be a physiological regulator of IGF2 in humans.
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| 20. |
- Cantoni, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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TREM2 regulates microglial cell activation in response to demyelination in vivo
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 129:3, s. 429-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microglia are phagocytic cells that survey the brain and perform neuroprotective functions in response to tissue damage, but their activating receptors are largely unknown. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial immunoreceptor whose loss-of-function mutations in humans cause presenile dementia, while genetic variants are associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In myeloid cells, TREM2 has been involved in the regulation of phagocytosis, cell proliferation and inflammatory responses in vitro. However, it is unknown how TREM2 contributes to microglia function in vivo. Here, we identify a critical role for TREM2 in the activation and function of microglia during cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination. TREM2-deficient (TREM2(-/-)) mice had defective clearance of myelin debris and more axonal pathology, resulting in impaired clinical performances compared to wild-type (WT) mice. TREM2(-/-) microglia proliferated less in areas of demyelination and were less activated, displaying a more resting morphology and decreased expression of the activation markers MHC II and inducible nitric oxide synthase as compared to WT. Mechanistically, gene expression and ultrastructural analysis of microglia suggested a defect in myelin degradation and phagosome processing during CPZ intoxication in TREM2(-/-) microglia. These findings place TREM2 as a key regulator of microglia activation in vivo in response to tissue damage.
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| 21. |
- Davies, Brandon S J, et al.
(författare)
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GPIHBP1 is responsible for the entry of lipoprotein lipase into capillaries.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cell metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1932-7420 .- 1550-4131. ; 12:1, s. 42-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the central event in plasma lipid metabolism, providing lipids for storage in adipose tissue and fuel for vital organs such as the heart. LPL is synthesized and secreted by myocytes and adipocytes, but then finds its way into the lumen of capillaries, where it hydrolyzes lipoprotein triglycerides. The mechanism by which LPL reaches the lumen of capillaries has remained an unresolved problem of plasma lipid metabolism. Here, we show that GPIHBP1 is responsible for the transport of LPL into capillaries. In Gpihbp1-deficient mice, LPL is mislocalized to the interstitial spaces surrounding myocytes and adipocytes. Also, we show that GPIHBP1 is located at the basolateral surface of capillary endothelial cells and actively transports LPL across endothelial cells. Our experiments define the function of GPIHBP1 in triglyceride metabolism and provide a mechanism for the transport of LPL into capillaries.
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- Oteng, Antwi-Boasiako, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of ANGPTL4 function in macrophages and adipocytes using Angptl4-knockout and Angptl4-hypomorphic mice[S]
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Lipid Research. - : AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC. - 0022-2275 .- 1539-7262. ; 60:10, s. 1741-1754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)4 regulates plasma lipids, making it an attractive target for correcting dyslipidemia. However, ANGPTL4 inactivation in mice fed a high fat diet causes chylous ascites, an acute-phase response, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Here, we studied the role of ANGPTL4 in lipid uptake in macrophages and in the above-mentioned pathologies using Angptl4-hypomorphic and Angptl4(-/-) mice. Angptl4 expression in peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages was highly induced by lipids. Recombinant ANGPTL4 decreased lipid uptake in macrophages, whereas deficiency of ANGPTL4 increased lipid uptake, upregulated lipid-induced genes, and increased respiration. ANGPTL4 deficiency did not alter LPL protein levels in macrophages. Angptl4-hypomorphic mice with partial expression of a truncated N-terminal ANGPTL4 exhibited reduced fasting plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and NEFAs, strongly resembling Angptl4(-/-) mice. However, during high fat feeding, Angptl4-hypomorphic mice showed markedly delayed and attenuated elevation in plasma serum amyloid A and much milder chylous ascites than Angptl4(-/-) mice, despite similar abundance of lipid-laden giant cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. In conclusion, ANGPTL4 deficiency increases lipid uptake and respiration in macrophages without affecting LPL protein levels. Compared with the absence of ANGPTL4, low levels of N-terminal ANGPTL4 mitigate the development of chylous ascites and an acute-phase response in mice.
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| 36. |
- Sandberg, Olof H., et al.
(författare)
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Computed tomography-based radiostereometric analysis in orthopedic research: practical guidelines
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA. - : Medical Journals Sweden. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 94, s. 373-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- - Early implant migration is an indicator of the long-term survival/failure of implants. CT-based radio-stereometric analysis (CT-RSA) is a precise method for mea-suring and visualizing implant migration in vivo using image processing of CT scans. This makes the method widely applicable to orthopedic researcher. Since its development in the early 2000s, CT-RSA has benefited from breakthroughs in CT and computing technol-ogy. These advancements have allowed for the acquisition of images with higher resolution at a much lower radiation dose. As a result, the measurement precision of CT-RSA is now comparable to that of the current gold standard technol-ogy while still compatible with most ethical considerations regarding radiation exposure. In this review we present bests practices for the successful execution of CT-RSA research projects. These practices are based on experience from projects on the hip, knee, shoulder, lower back, cervical spine, foot, pelvis, and wrist.
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| 37. |
- Sandgren, B., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of wear and periacetabular osteolysis using dual energy computed tomography on a pig cadaver to identify the lowest acceptable radiation dose
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bone & Joint Research. - : BRITISH EDITORIAL SOC BONE JOINT SURGERY. - 2046-3758. ; 5:7, s. 307-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in evaluating wear and periacetabular osteolysis (PAO) in total hip replacements. One concern with CT is the high radiation exposure since standard pelvic CT provides approximately 3.5 millisieverts (mSv) of radiation exposure, whereas a planar radiographic examination with three projections totals approximately 0.5 mSv. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lowest acceptable radiation dose for dual-energy CT (DECT) images when measuring wear and periacetabular osteolysis in uncemented metal components. Materials and Methods A porcine pelvis with bilateral uncemented hip prostheses and with known linear wear and acetabular bone defects was examined in a third-generation multidetector DECT scanner. The examinations were performed with four different radiation levels both with and without iterative reconstruction techniques. From the high and low peak kilo voltage acquisitions, polychrmoatic images were created together with virtual monochromatic images of energies 100 kiloelectron volts (keV) and 150 keV. Results We could assess wear and PAO while substantially lowering the effective radiation dose to 0.7 mSv for a total pelvic view with an accuracy of around 0.5 mm for linear wear and 2 mm to 3 mm for PAO. Conclusion CT for detection of prosthetic wear and PAO could be used with clinically acceptable accuracy at a radiation exposure level equal to plain radiographic exposures.
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| 38. |
- Sandgren, B, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for periacetabular osteolysis and wear in asymptomatic patients with uncemented total hip arthroplasties
- 2014
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Ingår i: TheScientificWorldJournal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 2014, s. 905818-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteolysis is a silent disease leading to aseptic loosening. This has not been studied in a cohort of asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study was to detect factors that might be associated with the development of periacetabular osteolysis and wear around an uncemented cup. We assessed 206 patients with an uncemented cup, measuring wear and periacetabular osteolysis using computed tomography with a median follow-up of 10 years after surgery (range 7–14 years). EQ5D, pain from the hip, and satisfaction were assessed. The association between periacetabular osteolysis and wear, age, gender, activity, BMI, cup type, cup age, positioning of the cup, and surface coating was investigated with a proportional odds model. Wear and male gender were associated with an increased risk for periacetabular osteolysis. There was no association with periacetabular osteolysis for time from operation, patient age, UCLA Activity Score, liner thickness at time of operation, BMI, cup positioning, and type of implant. A thin liner at time of operation is correlated to increased wear. Linear wear rate was 0.18 mm/year and 46 of 206 patients had large periacetabular osteolysis. Asymptomatic patients with these implants should be followed up on a regular basis with a sensitive method such as CT in order to detect complications early.
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- van der Schaaf, Rene J., et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and design of EXPLORE: a randomized, prospective, multicenter trial investigating the impact of recanalization of a chronic total occlusion on left ventricular function in patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention, patients with a chronic total occlusion in a non-infarct related artery were recently identified as a high-risk subgroup. It is unclear whether ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients with a chronic total occlusion in a non-infarct related artery should undergo additional percutaneous coronary intervention of the chronic total occlusion on top of optimal medical therapy shortly after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Possible beneficial effects include reduction in adverse left ventricular remodeling and preservation of global left ventricular function and improved clinical outcome during future coronary events. Methods/Design: The Evaluating Xience V and left ventricular function in Percutaneous coronary intervention on occLusiOns afteR ST-Elevation myocardial infarction ( EXPLORE) trial is a randomized, prospective, multicenter, two-arm trial with blinded evaluation of endpoints. Three hundred patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction with a chronic total occlusion in a non-infarct related artery are randomized to either elective percutaneous coronary intervention of the chronic total occlusion within seven days or standard medical treatment. When assigned to the invasive arm, an everolimus-eluting coronary stent is used. Primary endpoints are left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume assessed by cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at four months. Clinical follow-up will continue until five years. Discussion: The ongoing EXPLORE trial is the first randomized clinical trial powered to investigate whether recanalization of a chronic total occlusion in a non-infarct related artery after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction results in a better preserved residual left ventricular ejection fraction, reduced end-diastolic volume and enhanced clinical outcome.
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