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Sökning: WFRF:(Oliveira Eduardo)

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1.
  • Householder, John Ethan, et al. (författare)
  • One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION. - 2397-334X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Amazonia's floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region's floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon's tree diversity and its function.
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2.
  • Luize, Bruno Garcia, et al. (författare)
  • Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and v & aacute;rzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igap & oacute; and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R-2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R-2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions.
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3.
  • ter Steege, Hans, et al. (författare)
  • Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY. - 2399-3642. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution. A study mapping the tree species richness in Amazonian forests shows that soil type exerts a strong effect on species richness, probably caused by the areas of these forest types. Cumulative water deficit, tree density and temperature seasonality affect species richness at a regional scale.
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4.
  • Kehoe, Laura, et al. (författare)
  • Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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5.
  • Proletov, Ian, et al. (författare)
  • Primary and secondary glomerulonephritides 1.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3:May, s. 186-200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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6.
  • Bellieny-Rabelo, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Transcriptome analysis uncovers key regulatory and metabolic aspects of soybean embryonic axes during germination
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soybean (Glycine max) is a major legume crop worldwide, providing a critical source of protein and oil. The release of the soybean genome fuelled several transcriptome projects comprising multiple developmental stages and environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the global transcriptional patterns of embryonic axes during germination remain unknown. Here we report the analysis of ~1.58 billion RNA-Seq reads from soybean embryonic axes at five germination stages. Our results support the early activation of processes that are critical for germination, such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle and cell wall remodelling. Strikingly, only 3 hours after imbibition there is a preferential up-regulation of protein kinases and transcription factors, particularly from the LOB domain family, implying that transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation play major roles early after imbibition. Lipid mobilization and glyoxylate pathways are also transcriptionally active in the embryonic axes, indicating that the local catabolism of oil reserves in the embryonic axes contributes to energy production during germination. We also present evidence supporting abscisic acid inactivation and the up-regulation of gibberellin, ethylene and brassinosteroid pathways. Further, there is a remarkable differential activation of paralogous genes in these hormone signalling pathways. Taken together, our results provide insights on the regulation and biochemistry of soybean germination.
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7.
  • The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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8.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare)
  • Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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9.
  • Algaba, Juan-Carlos, et al. (författare)
  • Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 911:1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
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10.
  • Arab, Idir, et al. (författare)
  • Convex transform order of Beta distributions with some consequences
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Statistica Neerlandica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0039-0402 .- 1467-9574. ; 75:3, s. 238-256
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The convex transform order is one way to make precise comparison between the skewness of probability distributions on the real line. We establish a simple and complete characterization of when one Beta distribution is smaller than another according to the convex transform order. As an application, we derive monotonicity properties for the probability of Beta distributed random variables exceeding the mean or mode of their distribution. Moreover, we obtain a simple alternative proof of the mode-median-mean inequality for unimodal distributions that are skewed in a sense made precise by the convex transform order. This new proof also gives an analogous inequality for the anti-mode of distributions that have a unique anti-mode. Such inequalities for Beta distributions follow as special cases. Finally, some consequences for the values of distribution functions of binomial distributions near to their means are mentioned.
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11.
  • Baires-Campos, Felipe-Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Drilling dimension effects in early stages of osseointegration and implant stability in a canine model
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Medicina Oral. - : Medicina Oral S L. - 1698-4447 .- 1698-6946. ; 20:4, s. E471-E479
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: This study histologically evaluated two implant designs: a classic thread design versus another specifically designed for healing chamber formation placed with two drilling protocols. Material and Methods: Forty dental implants (4 1 mm diameter) with two different macrogeometries were inserted in the tibia of 10 Beagle dogs, and maximum insertion torque was recorded. Drilling techniques were: until 3.75 mm (regular-group); and until 4.0 mm diameter (overdrilling-group) for both implant designs. At 2 and 4 weeks, samples were retrieved and processed for histomorphometric analysis. For torque and BIC (bone-to-implant contact) and BAFO (bone area fraction occupied), a general-linear model was employed including instrumentation technique and time in vivo as independent. Results: The insertion torque recorded for each implant design and drilling group significantly decreased as a function of increasing drilling diameter for both implant designs (p<0.001). No significant differences were detected between implant designs for each drilling technique (p>0.18). A significant increase in BIC was observed from 2 to 4 weeks for both implants placed with the overdrilling technique (p<0.03) only, but not for those placed in the 3.75 mm drilling sites (p>0.32). Conclusions: Despite the differences between implant designs and drilling technique an intramembranous-like healing mode with newly formed woven bone prevailed.
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12.
  • Baloch, Ramen Munir, et al. (författare)
  • Indoor air pollution, physical and comfort parameters related to schoolchildren's health : Data from the European SINPHONIE study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : ELSEVIER. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 739
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Substantial knowledge is available on the association of the indoor school environment and its effect among schoolchildren. In the same context, the SINPHONIE (School indoor pollution and health: Observatory network in Europe) conducted a study to collect data and determine the distribution of several indoor air pollutants (IAPs), physical and thermal parameters and their association with eye, skin, upper-, lower respiratory and systemic disorder symptoms during the previous three months. Finally, data from 115 schools in 54 European cities from 23 countries were collected and included 5175 schoolchildren using a harmonized and standardized protocol. The association between exposures and the health outcomes were examined using logistic regression models on the environmental stressors assessed in classroom while adjusting for several confounding factors; a VOC (volatile organic compound) score defined as the sum of the number of pollutants to which the children were highly exposed (concentration > median of the distribution) in classroom was also introduced to evaluate the mul tiexposu re - outcome association. Schoolchildren while adjusting for several confounding factors. Schoolchildren exposed to above or equal median concentration of PM2.5, benzene, limonene, ozone and radon were at significantly higher odds of suffering from upper, lower airways, eye and systemic disorders. Increased odds were also observed for any symptom (sick school syndrome) among schoolchildren exposed to concentrations of limonene and ozone above median values. Furthermore, the risks for upper and lower airways and systemic disorders significantly increased with the VOCs score. Results also showed that increased ventilation rate was significantly associated with decreased odds of suffering from eye and skin disorders whereas similar association was observed between temperature and upper airways symptoms. The present study provides evidence that exposure to IAPs in schools is associated with various health problems in children. Further investigations are needed to confirm our findings. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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13.
  • Barbosa, Simone C., et al. (författare)
  • The Importance of Cyclic Structure for Labaditin on Its Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 148, s. 453-459
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Antimicrobial resistance has reached alarming levels in many countries, thus leading to a search for new classes of antibiotics, such as antimicrobial peptides whose activity is exerted by interacting specifically with the microorganism membrane. In this study, we investigate the molecular-level mechanism of action for Labaditin (Lo), a 10-amino acid residue cyclic peptide from Jatropha multifida with known bactericidal activity againstStreptococcus mutans. We show that Lo is also effective against Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) but this does not apply to its linear analogue (L1). Using polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), we observed with that the secondary structure of Lo was preserved upon interacting with Langmuir monolayers from a phospholipid mixture mimicking S. aureus membrane, in contrast to L1. This structure preservation for the rigid, cyclic Lo is key for the self-assembly of peptide nanotubes that induce pore formation in large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), according to permeability assays and dynamic light scattering measurements. In summary, the comparison between Labaditin (Lo) and its linear analogue L1 allowed us to infer that the bactericidal activity of Lo is more related to its interaction with the membrane. It does not require specific metabolic targets, which makes cyclic peptides promising for antibiotics without bacteria resistance.
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14.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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15.
  • Bernal, Ximena E., et al. (författare)
  • Empowering Latina scientists
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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16.
  • Brondizio, Eduardo S., et al. (författare)
  • Re-conceptualizing the Anthropocene : A call for collaboration
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 39, s. 318-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since it was first proposed in 2000, the concept of the Anthropocene has evolved in breadth and diversely. The concept encapsulates the new and unprecedented planetary-scale changes resulting from societal transformations and has brought to the fore the social drivers of global change. The concept has revealed tensions between generalized interpretations of humanity's contribution to global change, and interpretations that are historically, politically and culturally situated. It motivates deep ethical questions about the politics and economics of global change, including diverse interpretations of past causes and future possibilities. As such, more than other concepts, the Anthropocene concept has brought front-and center epistemological divides between and within the natural and social sciences, and the humanities. It has also brought new opportunities for collaboration. Here we explore the potential and challenges of the concept to encourage integrative understandings of global change and sustainability. Based on bibliometric analysis and literature review, we discuss the now wide acceptance of the term, its interpretive flexibility, the emerging narratives as well as the debates the concept has inspired. We argue that without truly collaborative and integrative research, many of the critical exchanges around the concept are likely to perpetuate fragmented research agendas and to reinforce disciplinary boundaries. This means appreciating the strengths and limitations of different knowledge domains, approaches and perspectives, with the concept of the Anthropocene serving as a bridge, which we encourage researchers and others to cross. This calls for institutional arrangements that facilitate collaborative research, training, and action, yet also depends on more robust and sustained funding for such activities. To illustrate, we briefly discuss three overarching global change problems where novel types of collaborative research could make a difference: (1) Emergent properties of socioecological systems; (2) Urbanization and resource nexus; and (3) Systemic risks and tipping points. Creative tensions around the Anthropocene concept can help the research community to move toward new conceptual syntheses and integrative action-oriented approaches that are needed to producing useful knowledge commensurable with the challenges of global change and sustainability.
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17.
  • Castanheira, Diogo Dias, et al. (författare)
  • Lpx1p links glucose-induced calcium signaling and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: FEMS Yeast Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1567-1356 .- 1567-1364. ; 18:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In yeast, as in other eukaryotes, calcium plays an essential role in signaling transduction to regulate different processes. Many pieces of evidence suggest that glucose-induced activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, essential for yeast physiology, is related to calcium signaling. Until now, no protein that could be regulated by calcium in this context has been identified. Lpx1p, a serine-protease that is also involved in the glucose-induced activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, could be a candidate to respond to intracellular calcium signaling involved in this process. In this work, by using different approaches, we obtained many pieces of evidence suggesting that the requirement of calcium signaling for activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase is due to its requirement for activation of Lpx1p. According to the current model, activation of Lpx1p would cause hydrolysis of an acetylated tubulin that maintains the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in an inactive state. Therefore, after its activation, Lpx1p would hydrolyze the acetylated tubulin making the plasma membrane H+-ATPase accessible for phosphorylation by at least one protein kinase.
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18.
  • Chng, Kern Rei, et al. (författare)
  • Cartography of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in a tertiary hospital environment
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 26, s. 941-951
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although disinfection is key to infection control, the colonization patterns and resistomes of hospital-environment microbes remain underexplored. We report the first extensive genomic characterization of microbiomes, pathogens and antibiotic resistance cassettes in a tertiary-care hospital, from repeated sampling (up to 1.5 years apart) of 179 sites associated with 45 beds. Deep shotgun metagenomics unveiled distinct ecological niches of microbes and antibiotic resistance genes characterized by biofilm-forming and human-microbiome-influenced environments with corresponding patterns of spatiotemporal divergence. Quasi-metagenomics with nanopore sequencing provided thousands of high-contiguity genomes, phage and plasmid sequences (>60% novel), enabling characterization of resistome and mobilome diversity and dynamic architectures in hospital environments. Phylogenetics identified multidrug-resistant strains as being widely distributed and stably colonizing across sites. Comparisons with clinical isolates indicated that such microbes can persist in hospitals for extended periods (>8 years), to opportunistically infect patients. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antibiotic resistance reservoirs in hospitals and establish the feasibility of systematic surveys to target resources for preventing infections. Spatiotemporal characterization of microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance in a tertiary-care hospital reveals broad distribution and persistence of antibiotic-resistant organisms that could cause opportunistic infections in a healthcare setting.
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19.
  • Cruz, Raquel, et al. (författare)
  • Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 31:22, s. 3789-3806
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.
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20.
  • Danko, David, et al. (författare)
  • A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 184:13, s. 3376-3393
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.
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21.
  • de Oliveira, Jade, et al. (författare)
  • Beyond cardiovascular risk: Implications of Familial hypercholesterolemia on cognition and brain function
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1568-1637 .- 1872-9649. ; 93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic condition caused mainly by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR), which is highly prevalent in the population. Besides being an important causative factor of cardiovascular diseases, FH has been considered an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and emotional behavioral impairments in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice are associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, impaired neurogenesis, brain oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, today, LDLr-/- mice, a widely used animal model for studying cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, are also considered an interesting tool for studying dementia. Here, we reviewed the main findings in LDLr-/- mice regarding the relationship between FH and brain dysfunctions and dementia development.
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22.
  • de Oliveira Pereira, David Iubel, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing challenges, barriers, practices and capability towards digitalization
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 IISE Annual Conference. ; , s. 736-741
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digitalization involves transformations of organizational structures, with the establishment of new practices and developing digital capabilities. However, many companies are struggling with the development of their digital strategy and many others’ digital strategies are failing. Due this reason, this paper aims to organize information regarding challenges, barriers, practices and capabilities towards digitalization. To support the objective, this research performs a case study in an automotive plant of an international company situated in Brazil. The data collected comes from interviews, technical documents and visits to the plant. The main results revealed a list of challenges and barriers: few people have the proper digital skills; lack of a common framework; misalignment with headquarters’ strategies and initiatives; higher cost to acquire technologies in Brazil; insufficient understanding of how to implement digital technologies in different contexts. Regarding the practices, the company listed the creation of innovation labs; regular meetings and visits to the shop floor; development of governance policies for processing, storage, management and presentation of data; increase collaboration with universities and research institutes; increasing investments in digital technologies. The processes for developing digital capabilities are based on trainings, workshops and pilot or conceptual projects focused on developing of a new service-based business model.
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23.
  • dos Santos Paes, Luiz Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Understanding the behavior of laser surface remelting after directed energy deposition additive manufacturing through comparing the use of iron and Inconel powders
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Manufacturing Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1526-6125. ; 70, s. 494-507
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Laser directed energy deposition with powder (pDED-L) is one of the most popular techniques for additive manufacturing. However, for some applications, the resulting surface finish requires post-processing machining. Laser remelting processing has been cited as a means of decreasing machining needs in other applications. The objective of this study was to assess the performance and gain a better physical understanding of the laser remelting process as an alternative to the conventional post-processing techniques applied after pDED-L. pDED-L and remelting were performed using a 10 kW fiber laser source and iron and Inconel 625 powders as feedstock to compare the surface roughness and waviness under different processing conditions (three heat input levels). Through 2D and 3D surface measurements, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface features were qualified and quantified. SEM and optical microscopy (OM) were also employed for metallurgical characterization of the roughness. The surface micro-notch effect was assessed through the stress concentration factor (kt). The results indicated attenuation of the average roughness (Ra) by around 30% for iron and 70% for Inconel when laser remelting was employed. In addition, kt presented a 31% reduction for iron and 29% reduction for Inconel. The performance varied according to the type of material used and was mainly related to differences in thermal diffusivity and electrical resistivity. It was concluded that laser remelting is a promising technology for coupling with pDED-L aimed at producing 3D metal components with superior quality while allowing a faster production rate in comparison to current practices.  
  •  
24.
  • Eduardo, Maria, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of cassava flour characteristics on properties of cassava-wheat-maize composite bread types
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Food Science. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2356-7015 .- 2314-5765. ; 2013
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Replacement of wheat flour by other kinds of flour in bread making is economically important in South East Africa as wheat is mainly an imported commodity. Cassava is widely available in the region, but bread quality is impaired when large amounts of cassava are used in the bread formulation. Effect of differently processed cassavas (sun-dried, roasted and fermented) on composite cassava-wheat-maize bread quality containing cassava levels from 20 to 40% (w/w) was evaluated in combination with high-methylated pectin (HM-pectin) added at levels of 1 to 3% (w/w) according to a full factorial design. Addition of pectin to cassava flour made it possible to bake bread with acceptable bread quality even at concentration as high as 40%. In addition to cassava concentration, the type of cassava flour had the biggest effect on bread quality. With high level of cassava, bread with roasted cassava had a higher volume compared with sun-dried and fermented. The pectin level had a significant effect on improving the volume in high level roasted cassava bread. Crumb firmness similar to wheat bread could be obtained with sun-dried and roasted cassava flours. Roasted cassava bread was the only bread with crust colour similar to wheat bread.
  •  
25.
  • Elsik, Christine G., et al. (författare)
  • The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
  •  
26.
  •  
27.
  • Giongo, Adriana, et al. (författare)
  • Distinct deep subsurface microbial communities in two sandstone units separated by a mudstone layer
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Geosciences Journal. - : Springer. - 1226-4806 .- 1598-7477. ; 24, s. 267-274
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Deep subsurface microbial communities are more abundant in coarse-grained sedimentary rocks such as sandstones than in fine-grained mudstones. The low porosity and low permeability of mudstones are believed to restrict microbial life. Then, it is expected that distinct, isolated microbial communities may form in sandstones separated by mudstones. In this context, the connectivity between microbial communities in different sandstone units can be investigated to infer evolutionary patterns of diversification in space-time, which may potentially contribute with relevant data for analyses of hydraulic connectivity and stratigraphic correlation. In this work, we used high throughput DNA sequencing of a ribosomal 16S gene fragment to characterize the prokaryotic communities found in Permian sandstone samples of the same core that are separated by one mudstone interval, in the Charqueadas coal field, Parana Basin (Southern Brazil). Our samples were collected at ∌300 m deep, in porous sandstones separated by a thick mudstone package. Differences in the bacterial community structure between samples were observed for the classified OTUs, from phylum to genus. Molecular biology might be further applied as a possible tool to help to understand the spatial and temporal distribution of depositional facies, and the efficiency of low permeability rocks to compartmentalize reservoirs. Ongoing studies aim to extend the present investigation into further analyses regarding lateral changes in microbial communities present in the same sandstone units.
  •  
28.
  • Hendriksen, Rene S., et al. (författare)
  • Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2019, The Author(s). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health, but obtaining representative data on AMR for healthy human populations is difficult. Here, we use metagenomic analysis of untreated sewage to characterize the bacterial resistome from 79 sites in 60 countries. We find systematic differences in abundance and diversity of AMR genes between Europe/North-America/Oceania and Africa/Asia/South-America. Antimicrobial use data and bacterial taxonomy only explains a minor part of the AMR variation that we observe. We find no evidence for cross-selection between antimicrobial classes, or for effect of air travel between sites. However, AMR gene abundance strongly correlates with socio-economic, health and environmental factors, which we use to predict AMR gene abundances in all countries in the world. Our findings suggest that global AMR gene diversity and abundance vary by region, and that improving sanitation and health could potentially limit the global burden of AMR. We propose metagenomic analysis of sewage as an ethically acceptable and economically feasible approach for continuous global surveillance and prediction of AMR.
  •  
29.
  • Izu, Cruz, et al. (författare)
  • Introducing Code Quality in the CS1 Classroom
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: ITiCSE 2024 - Proceedings of the 2024 Conference Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 773-774
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Characterising code quality is a challenge that was addressed by Börstler et al.’s working group in 2017. As emerged from their study, educators, developers and students have different perceptions of the manifold aspects involved, and a major conclusion of that WG was that “code quality should be discussed more thoroughly in educational programs” [2, p. 70]. However, the lack of materials and the time constraints have slowed down progress in that regard. The goal of this working group is to propose manageable ways to address code quality in the CS1 classroom, with a particular focus on activities that help students become aware of and improve the quality of their code. To achieve this goal, we will (a) extract from the literature a comprehensive set of quality issues which will then be classified according to the appropriate strategies to fix them; and (b) circulate a survey to explore the instructors’ views on code quality issues and the way they deal with (or ignore) them. Based on this work we aim to produce: (1) a taxonomy of code quality issues with associated examples, as well as (2) a sample set of teaching materials to introduce those issues to CS1 students.
  •  
30.
  • Izu, Cruz, et al. (författare)
  • Introducing Code Quality in the CS1 Classroom
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, ITiCSE. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9798400706035 ; , s. 773-774
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Characterising code quality is a challenge that was addressed by Börstler et al.’s working group in 2017. As emerged from their study, educators, developers and students have different perceptions of the manifold aspects involved, and a major conclusion of that WG was that “code quality should be discussed more thoroughly in educational programs” [2, p. 70]. However, the lack of materials and the time constraints have slowed down progress in that regard. The goal of this working group is to propose manageable ways to address code quality in the CS1 classroom, with a particular focus on activities that help students become aware of and improve the quality of their code. To achieve this goal, we will (a) extract from the literature a comprehensive set of quality issues which will then be classified according to the appropriate strategies to fix them; and (b) circulate a survey to explore the instructors’ views on code quality issues and the way they deal with (or ignore) them. Based on this work we aim to produce: (1) a taxonomy of code quality issues with associated examples, as well as (2) a sample set of teaching materials to introduce those issues to CS1 students. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s)
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31.
  • Kattge, Jens, et al. (författare)
  • TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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32.
  • Linck Guimaraes, Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Corpora cavernosa fibroblasts mediate penile erection
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 383:6683
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Penile erection is mediated by the corpora cavernosa, a trabecular-like vascular bed that enlarges upon vasodilation, but its regulation is not completely understood. Here, we show that perivascular fibroblasts in the corpora cavernosa support vasodilation by reducing norepinephrine availability. The effect on penile blood flow depends on the number of fibroblasts, which is regulated by erectile activity. Erection dynamically alters the positional arrangement of fibroblasts, temporarily down-regulating Notch signaling. Inhibition of Notch increases fibroblast numbers and consequently raises penile blood flow. Continuous Notch activation lowers fibroblast numbers and reduces penile blood perfusion. Recurrent erections stimulate fibroblast proliferation and limit vasoconstriction, whereas aging reduces the number of fibroblasts and lowers penile blood flow. Our findings reveal adaptive, erectile activity-dependent modulation of penile blood flow by fibroblasts.
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33.
  • Linecker, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Risk Adjustment in ALPPS Is Associated With a Dramatic Decrease in Early Mortality and Morbidity
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 266:5, s. 779-786
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To longitudinally assess whether risk adjustment in Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS) occurred over time and is associated with postoperative outcome. Background: ALPPS is a novel 2-stage hepatectomy enabling resection of extensive hepatic tumors. ALPPS has been criticized for its high mortality, which is reported beyond accepted standards in liver surgery. Therefore, adjustments in patient selection and technique have been performed but have not yet been studied over time in relation to outcome. Methods: ALPPS centers of the International ALPPS Registry having performed amp;gt;= 10 cases over a period of amp;gt;= 3 years were assessed for 90-day mortality and major interstage complications (amp;gt;= 3b) of the longitudinal study period from 2009 to 2015. The predicted prestage 1 and 2 mortality risks were calculated for each patient. In addition, questionnaires were sent to all centers exploring center-specific risk adjustment strategies. Results: Among 437 patients from 16 centers, a shift in indications toward colorectal liver metastases from 53% to 77% and a reverse trend in biliary tumors from 24% to 9% were observed. Over time, 90-day mortality decreased from initially 17% to 4% in 2015 (P = 0.002). Similarly, major interstage complications decreased from 10% to 3% (P = 0.011). The reduction of 90-day mortality was independently associated with a risk adjustment in patient selection (P amp;lt; 0.001; OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.36-1.93) and using less invasive techniques in stage-1 surgery (P = 0.019; OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.86). A survey indicated risk adjustment of patient selection in all centers and ALPPS technique in the majority (80%) of centers. Conclusions: Risk adjustment of patient selection and technique in ALPPS resulted in a continuous drop of early mortality and major postoperative morbidity, which has meanwhile reached standard outcome measures accepted for major liver surgery.
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34.
  • Marques, Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Spontaneous Vesicle Formation in Catanionic Mixtures of Amino Acid-Based Surfactants: Chain Length Symmetry Effects.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 24:19, s. 11009-11017
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of amino acids for the synthesis of novel surfactants with vesicle-forming properties potentially enhances the biocompatibility levels needed for a viable alternative to conventional lipid vesicles. In this work, the formation and characterization of catanionic vesicles by newly synthesized lysine- and serine-derived surfactants have been investigated by means of phase behavior mapping and PFG-NMR diffusometry and cryo-TEM methods. The lysine-derived surfactants are double-chained anionic molecules bearing a pseudogemini configuration, whereas the serine-derived amphiphile is cationic and single-chained. Vesicles form in the cationic-rich side for narrow mixing ratios of the two amphiphiles. Two pairs of systems were studied: one symmetric with equal chain lengths, 2C 12/C 12, and the other highly asymmetric with 2C 8/C 16 chains, where the serine-based surfactant has the longest chain. Different mechanisms of the vesicle-to-micelle transition were found, depending on symmetry: the 2C 12/C 12 system entails limited micellar growth and intermediate phase separation, whereas the 2C 8/C 16 system shows a continuous transition involving large wormlike micelles. The results are interpreted on the basis of currently available models for the micelle-vesicle transitions and the stabilization of catanionic vesicles (energy of curvature vs mixing entropy).
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35.
  • Medina-Silva, Renata, et al. (författare)
  • Microbial diversity from chlorophyll maximum, oxygen minimum and bottom zones in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 178, s. 52-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Conspicuous physicochemical vertical stratification in the deep sea is one of the main forces driving microbial diversity in the oceans. Oxygen and sunlight availability are key factors promoting microbial diversity throughout the water column. Ocean currents also play a major role in the physicochemical stratification, carrying oxygen down to deeper zones as well as moving deeper water masses up towards shallower depths. Water samples within a 50-km radius in a pockmark location of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean were collected and the prokaryotic communities from different water depths - chlorophyll maximum, oxygen minimum and deep-sea bottom (down to 1355 m) - were described. At phylum level, Proteobacteria were the most frequent in all water depths, Cyanobacteria were statistically more frequent in chlorophyll maximum zone, while Thaumarchaeota were significantly more abundant in both oxygen minimum and bottom waters. The most frequent microorganism in the chlorophyll maximum and oxygen minimum zones was a Pelagibacteraceae operational taxonomic unit (OTU). At the bottom, the most abundant genus was the archaeon Nitrosopurnilus. Beta diversity analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data uncovered in this study shows high spatial hetero-geneity among water zones communities. Our data brings important contribution for the characterisation of oceanic microbial diversity, as it consists of the first description of prokaryotic communities occurring in different oceanic water zones in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
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36.
  • Morgado, Fabiane Frota da Rocha, et al. (författare)
  • Psychosocial determinants of physical activity among workers: an integrative review : [Determinantes psicossociais de atividade física entre trabalhadores: uma revisão integrativa]
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho. - : EDITORA SCIENTIFIC. - 1679-4435 .- 2447-0147. ; 18:4, s. 472-487
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Knowledge of the psychosocial determinants of physical activity is critical to informing preventive and therapeutic interventions in the workplace. This study reviewed available evidence on psychosocial factors that have been associated with physical activity among workers. Studies were selected in December 2019 from the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, with no date limits, using the following search terms: “physical activity”, “physical exercise”, “psychosocial”, “workers”, and “working-age”. Thirty-nine studies published between 1991 and 2019 were evaluated. The determinants of physical activity investigated among workers were smoking status, stress, psychosocial working conditions, depression, anxiety, social relationships, work ability, job satisfaction, burnout, and self-efficacy. Some consistencies and controversies were observed in the associations among these determinants and physical activity and are discussed, as are suggestions for future studies. The findings of this review may be of interest to physical activity interventions designed to reduce psychosocial risks factors in work environments.
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37.
  • Nieuwenhuijse, David F., et al. (författare)
  • Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2020, The Author(s). The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
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38.
  • Oliveira, Aldair J., et al. (författare)
  • Gender differences in social support and leisure-time physical activity
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Revista de Saude Publica. - 0034-8910 .- 1518-8787. ; 48:4, s. 602-612
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To identify gender differences in social support dimensions' effect on adults' leisure-time physical activity maintenance, type, and time. METHODS: Longitudinal study of 1,278 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated using a dichotomous question with a two-week reference period, and further questions concerning leisure-time physical activity type (individual or group) and time spent on the activity. Social support was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. For the analysis, logistic regression models were adjusted separately by gender. RESULTS: A multinomial logistic regression showed an association between material support and individual activities among women (OR = 2.76; 95% CI 1.2; 6.5). Affective support was associated with time spent on leisure-time physical activity only among men (OR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.1; 3.2). CONCLUSIONS: All dimensions of social support that were examined influenced either the type of, or the time spent on, leisure-time physical activity. In some social support dimensions, the associations detected varied by gender. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these gender differences.
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39.
  • Oliveira, Aldair J., et al. (författare)
  • Social support and leisure-time physical activity : longitudinal evidence from the Brazilian Pro-Saude cohort study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 8, s. 77-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Although social support has been observed to exert a beneficial influence on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), multidimensional approaches examining social support and prospective evidence of its importance are scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate how four dimensions of social support affect LTPA engagement, maintenance, type, and time spent by adults during a two-year follow-up. Methods: This paper reports on a longitudinal study of 3,253 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro (the Pro-Saude study). LTPA was evaluated using a dichotomous question with a two-week reference period, and further questions concerning LTPA type (individual or group) and time spent on the activity. Social support was measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS). To assess the association between social support and LTPA, two different statistical models were used: binary and multinomial logistic regression models for dichotomous and polytomous outcomes, respectively. Models were adjusted separately for those who began LTPA in the middle of the follow up (engagement group) and for those who had maintained LTPA since the beginning of the follow up (maintenance group). Results: After adjusting for confounders, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between dimensions of social support and group LTPA were found in the engagement group. Also, the emotional/information dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.2-3.9). In the maintenance group, material support was associated with group LTPA (OR = 1.80; 95% CI; 1.1-3.1) and the positive social interaction dimension was associated with time spent on LTPA (OR = 1.65; 95% CI; 1.1-2.7). Conclusions: All dimensions of social support influenced LTPA type or the time spent on the activity. However, our findings suggest that social support is more important in engagement than in maintenance. This finding is important, because it suggests that maintenance of LTPA must be associated with other factors beyond the individual's level of social support, such as a suitable environment and social/health policies directed towards the practice of LTPA.
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40.
  • Oliveira de Souza, Luis C. Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of turbulence modelling for CFD simulations into hydroturbines: spiral casings
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: 17th International Mechanical Engineering Congress (COBEM 2003) at São Paulo (Brazil).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spiral casings are applied to distribute the water, as evenly as possible, to the stay vanes and wicket gates and then to the turbine runner. In a well-designed spiral casing, the pressure head of the fluid should be made available to the runner with minimum loss, hence the analysis of the flow through a spiral casing is important for the design of efficient hydraulic turbines. The goal of this work is based on turbo machines spiral casings three-dimensional flow modeling, simulation and characterization. Governing equations related to their study are used in the mathematical modeling part. Therefore, several turbulence models available will be tested with a finite volume method based commercial software CFX 5.5.1 which generates default tetrahedral meshing. Qualitative and quantitative results validation are proved by workshop benchmark experiments already done, in order these results can obtain a turbulence model that represents better the flow complexity inside spiral casings.
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41.
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42.
  • Pinotti, Felipe Eduardo, et al. (författare)
  • Use of a Non-Crosslinked Collagen Membrane During Guided Bone Regeneration Does Not Interfere With the Bone Regenerative Capacity of the Periosteum
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0278-2391 .- 1531-5053. ; 76:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: To assess whether the use of a non-crosslinked porcine collagen type I and III bi-layered membrane inter-positioned between the periosteum and a bone defect would interfere with the bone regenerative capacity of the periosteum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty rats, each with 1 critical-size calvarial defect (CSD; diameter, 5 mm) in the parietal bone, were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 equal-size groups after CSD creation: 1) the periosteum was excised and the flap was repositioned without interposition of a membrane (no-periosteum [NP] group); 2) the flap including the periosteum was repositioned (periosteum [P] group); and 3) a non-crosslinked collagen membrane was inter-positioned between the flap, including the periosteum, and the bone defect (membrane [M] group). Micro-computed tomography, qualitative histology, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed at 3, 7, 15, and 30 days postoperatively. RESULTS: A markedly increased radiographic residual defect length was observed in the NP group compared with the P group at 30 days. The NP group also presented a smaller radiographic bone fill area than the P group at 15 and 30 days and then the M group at 30 days. The P and M groups exhibited considerably greater expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin than the NP group at 7 days; expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 was considerably greater in the NP group at 15 days. Further, the P group presented considerably higher gene expression levels of Runx2 and Jagged1 at 7 days and of alkaline phosphatase at 3 and 15 days compared with the M and NP groups. CONCLUSION: Interposition of this specific non-crosslinked collagen membrane between the periosteum and the bone defect during guided bone regeneration interferes only slightly, if at all, with the bone regenerative capacity of the periosteum.
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43.
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44.
  • Ribeiro, Luis (författare)
  • Diagnosis in evolvable production systems
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Esta tese aborda a problemática da execução de diagnóstico em instalações industriais complexas que são compostas por um elevado número de componentes que interagem entre si no âmbito do processo de produção.Apesar da abordagem apresentada ao problema ser geral e aplicável a várias classes de sistemas ligados em rede, o domínio dos Sistemas Evolutivos de Produção e os Sistemas Evolutions de Assembly (EPS/EAS) é utilizado como a base sobre a qual o sistema de diagnóstico proposto é implementado.Os Sistemas Evolutivos de Produção são um paradigma de produção recente e multidisciplinar cujo sistema de controlo é baseado em arquitecturas multiagente que denotam um elevado grau de desacoplamento entre os módulos que constituem o sistema. Esta é uma característica fundamental deste tipo de sistemas que garante uma elevada robustez e tolerância a falhas. Contudo, a tolerância a falhas, por si só não é suficiente para garantir o correcto funcionamento dos sistemas. Especialmente nos modernos paradigmas de produção os aspectos de monitorização e diagnóstico exercem uma acção regulatória fundamental. Contudo no sentido de não corromper a lógica de controlo que é altamente distribuída e que, desta forma, permite a fácil reconfiguração do sistema sem limites de escalablidade, abordagens como a proposta nesta tese são fundamentais.Neste contexto, o sistema proposto assume que a informação de diagnóstico proveniente dos métodos de diagnóstico existentes ao nível de cada um dos módulos do sistema deve ser harmonizada, transportada e considerada numa perspectiva de rede.Desta forma torna-se possível efectuar uma análise holística do problema de diagnóstico nomeadamente do sub-problema da propagação de falhas.Para não corromper a lógica de reconfiguração existente a abordagem proposta explora mecanismos de auto-organização e emergência ao nível de cada componente do sistema para fazer emergir o diagnóstico, focado nos aspectos da propagação de falhas, apenas explorando  informação e interações locais entre os componentes.Assim garante-se a distribuição do sistema de diagnóstico, eliminando todo um conjunto de problemas associados a abordagem centralizadas (mais tradicionais) nomeadamente: escalabilidade, dependênia de um ponto único sujeito a falhas e os crescentes requisitos de performance computacional e complexidade algorítmica que acompanham a expansão do sistema.Neste contexto, o presente trabalho expõe toda a problemática associada aos sistemas referidos, mostrando estatisticamente a relevância de considerar os aspectos da propagação de falhas e sugere, com validação, uma solução concreta para os desafios apresentados.
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45.
  • Rocha, Letícia Maoski, et al. (författare)
  • The roles related to performance measurement systems use : a study based on clusters statistics analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Gestão & Produção. - : Universidade Federal de São Carlos. - 0104-530X .- 1806-9649. ; 27:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The performance measurement systems (PMS) have been studied over the last ten years, but this is still a very important research topic for companies and it keep being studied nowadays, because such systems help in decision-making, they allow monitoring and control indicators, and to assist business and operations strategy realization. The recent studies on PMS mostly are on reviewing their concepts and definitions, models, frameworks, design and implementation recommendations, etc. Based on a study oriented to PMS use described by roles to be played, this article aims to discuss the interrelationships between the roles of a performance measurement system, to cluster them and to formulate recommendations for their adoption and proper use. Thus, a survey collected and analyzed the perception of business representatives, who are able to express their agreement levels for PMS roles and use. Data are analyzed by using cluster analysis technique where the roles forms four groups, which can be confronted with the findings of related works from PMS literature. From the groups formed, it is possible to indicate four main domains of recommendations: to assure the alignment between strategic management of operations and its performance, promoting and improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the business operations results; to produce positive changes in organizational systems, processes and culture, developing the capacity to manage continuous improvement projects through integrated strategic management systems; to have a customer-oriented design approach; to be orientated and to manage stakeholders’ demands. © 2020 Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology. All rights reserved.
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46.
  • Rodrigues-Junior, Gilberto, et al. (författare)
  • Direct observation of large strain through van der Waals gaps on epitaxial B i2 T e3 /graphite : Pseudomorphic relaxation and the role of B i2 layers on the B ix T ey topological insulator series
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - 2475-9953. ; 4:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Layered materials can usually grow without strain on top of distinct substrates if the only interaction between them is due to van der Waals forces. In such a scenario it would be expected that the heterointerface made up of weak bounds would not affect the overlayed material significantly for several large lattice-mismatched systems. Here we have studied the first stages of the heteroepitaxial growth of layered bismuth telluride topological insulator on top of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) by molecular beam epitaxy. Samples were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. AFM images show hexagonal/triangular flat islands with exposed HOPG areas for the low coverage regime, and the lattice parameter of these Bi2Te3 structures were measured by XRD. The existence of pseudomorphic strain at the initial Bi2Te3 layers was retrieved by both XRD and Raman spectroscopy. We have found evidence that Bi2Te3 layers near the interface are subject to an in-plane compressive strain, leading to a pseudomorphic out-of-plane lattice expansion. Furthermore, the presence of Bi2Te3 islands locally distorts the topmost layer of HOPG, resulting in tensile strain which was measured by Raman spectroscopy. The observed relaxation of 0.1-0.2% for each van der Waals gap is used to calculate elastic constants of Bi2 bilayers, which are crucial building blocks for the formation of other BixTey topological insulator compounds. Finally, the impact of such a strain in Bi2Te3 electronic structure was investigated by density functional theory calculations. The results show that the band structure of this strained material remains unchanged at the center of the Brillouin zone, confirming the robustness of surface states, but it is consistently affected at the M and K zone edges.
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47.
  • Usher, Christopher, et al. (författare)
  • Rubin Observatory LSST Stars Milky Way and Local Volume Star Clusters Roadmap
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. - 0004-6280 .- 1538-3873. ; 135:1049
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will undertake the Legacy Survey of Space and Time, providing an unprecedented, volume-limited catalog of star clusters in the Southern Sky, including Galactic and extragalactic star clusters. The Star Clusters subgroup of the Stars, Milky Way and Local Volume Working Group has identified key areas where Rubin Observatory will enable significant progress in star cluster research. This roadmap represents our science cases and preparation for studies of all kinds of star clusters from the Milky Way out to distances of tens of megaparsecs.
  •  
48.
  • Vialas, Vital, et al. (författare)
  • A multicentric study to evaluate the use of relative retention times in targeted proteomics
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-3919. ; 152, s. 138-149
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the maturity reached by targeted proteomic strategies, reliable and standardized protocols are urgently needed to enhance reproducibility among different laboratories and analytical platforms, facilitating a more widespread use in biomedical research. To achieve this goal, the use of dimensionless relative retention times (iRT), defined on the basis of peptide standard retention times (RT), has lately emerged as a powerful tool. The robustness, reproducibility and utility of this strategy were examined for the first time in a multicentric setting, involving 28 laboratories that included 24 of the Spanish network of proteomics laboratories (ProteoRed-ISCIII). According to the results obtained in this study, dimensionless retention time values (iRTs) demonstrated to be a useful tool for transferring and sharing peptide retention times across different chromatographic set-ups both intra- and inter-laboratories. iRT values also showed very low variability over long time periods. Furthermore, parallel quantitative analyses showed a high reproducibility despite the variety of experimental strategies used, either MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) or pseudoMRM, and the diversity of analytical platforms employed. Biological significance From the very beginning of proteomics as an analytical science there has been a growing interest in developing standardized methods and experimental procedures in order to ensure the highest quality and reproducibility of the results. In this regard, the recent (2012) introduction of the dimensionless retention time concept has been a significant advance. In our multicentric (28 laboratories) study we explore the usefulness of this concept in the context of a targeted proteomics experiment, demonstrating that dimensionless retention time values is a useful tool for transferring and sharing peptide retention times across different chromatographic set-ups.
  •  
49.
  • Wilder-Smith, Annelies, et al. (författare)
  • The legacy of ZikaPLAN: a transnational research consortium addressing Zika
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 14
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Global health research partnerships with institutions from high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries are one of the European Commission's flagship programmes. Here, we report on the ZikaPLAN research consortium funded by the European Commission with the primary goal of addressing the urgent knowledge gaps related to the Zika epidemic and the secondary goal of building up research capacity and establishing a Latin American-European research network for emerging vector-borne diseases. Five years of collaborative research effort have led to a better understanding of the full clinical spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome in children and the neurological complications of Zika virus infections in adults and helped explore the origins and trajectory of Zika virus transmission. Individual-level data from ZikaPLAN`s cohort studies were shared for joint analyses as part of the Zika Brazilian Cohorts Consortium, the European Commission-funded Zika Cohorts Vertical Transmission Study Group, and the World Health Organization-led Zika Virus Individual Participant Data Consortium. Furthermore, the legacy of ZikaPLAN includes new tools for birth defect surveillance and a Latin American birth defect surveillance network, an enhanced Guillain-Barre Syndrome research collaboration, a de-centralized evaluation platform for diagnostic assays, a global vector control hub, and the REDe network with freely available training resources to enhance global research capacity in vector-borne diseases.
  •  
50.
  • Wilder-Smith, Annelies, et al. (författare)
  • ZikaPLAN : addressing the knowledge gaps and working towards a research preparedness network in the Americas
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 12:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Zika Preparedness Latin American Network (ZikaPLAN) is a research consortium funded by the European Commission to address the research gaps in combating Zika and to establish a sustainable network with research capacity building in the Americas. Here we present a report on ZikaPLAN`s mid-term achievements since its initiation in October 2016 to June 2019, illustrating the research objectives of the 15 work packages ranging from virology, diagnostics, entomology and vector control, modelling to clinical cohort studies in pregnant women and neonates, as well as studies on the neurological complications of Zika infections in adolescents and adults. For example, the Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study (NEAS) has set up more than 10 clinical sites in Colombia. Through the Butantan Phase 3 dengue vaccine trial, we have access to samples of 17,000 subjects in 14 different geographic locations in Brazil. To address the lack of access to clinical samples for diagnostic evaluation, ZikaPLAN set up a network of quality sites with access to well-characterized clinical specimens and capacity for independent evaluations. The International Committee for Congenital Anomaly Surveillance Tools was formed with global representation from regional networks conducting birth defects surveillance. We have collated a comprehensive inventory of resources and tools for birth defects surveillance, and developed an App for low resource regions facilitating the coding and description of all major externally visible congenital anomalies including congenital Zika syndrome. Research Capacity Network (REDe) is a shared and open resource centre where researchers and health workers can access tools, resources and support, enabling better and more research in the region. Addressing the gap in research capacity in LMICs is pivotal in ensuring broad-based systems to be prepared for the next outbreak. Our shared and open research space through REDe will be used to maximize the transfer of research into practice by summarizing the research output and by hosting the tools, resources, guidance and recommendations generated by these studies. Leveraging on the research from this consortium, we are working towards a research preparedness network.
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