| 1. |
- Sharrack, Basil, et al.
(författare)
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Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapy in multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated neurological diseases : updated guidelines and recommendations from the EBMT Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of EBMT and ISCT (JACIE)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bone Marrow Transplantation. - : Springer Nature. - 0268-3369 .- 1476-5365. ; 55:2, s. 283-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These updated EBMT guidelines review the clinical evidence, registry activity and mechanisms of action of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other immune-mediated neurological diseases and provide recommendations for patient selection, transplant technique, follow-up and future development. The major focus is on autologous HSCT (aHSCT), used in MS for over two decades and currently the fastest growing indication for this treatment in Europe, with increasing evidence to support its use in highly active relapsing remitting MS failing to respond to disease modifying therapies. aHSCT may have a potential role in the treatment of the progressive forms of MS with a significant inflammatory component and other immune-mediated neurological diseases, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, neuromyelitis optica, myasthenia gravis and stiff person syndrome. Allogeneic HSCT should only be considered where potential risks are justified. Compared with other immunomodulatory treatments, HSCT is associated with greater short-term risks and requires close interspeciality collaboration between transplant physicians and neurologists with a special interest in these neurological conditions before, during and after treatment in accredited HSCT centres. Other experimental cell therapies are developmental for these diseases and patients should only be treated on clinical trials.
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| 2. |
- Müller Kratz, Jadel, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-HSV-1 and anti-HIV-1 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. - 1678-8060. ; 103:5, s. 437-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid (GA), also known as gallates, especially propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. The inhibitory effects of GA and 15 gallates on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) replication were investigated here. After a preliminary screening of these compounds, GA and pentyl gallate (PG) seemed to be the most active compounds against HSV-1 replication and their mode of action was characterized through a set of assays, which attempted to localize the step of the viral multiplication cycle where impairment occurred. The detected anti-HSV-1 activity was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment to and penetration into cells, and by virucidal properties. Furthermore, an anti-HIV-1 activity was also found, to different degrees. In summary, our results suggest that both compounds could be regarded as promising candidates for the development of topical anti-HSV-1 agents, and further studies concerning the anti-HIV-1 activity of this group of molecules are merited.
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| 3. |
- Müller Kratz, Jadel, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of anti-HSV-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. - 0918-6158. ; 31:5, s. 903-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid, also known as gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. Besides the antioxidant activity, other biological activities have been described for this group of molecules, mainly anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. In the present study, the anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate was evaluated followed by the determination of the site of antiviral activity of these compounds. Our results demonstrated that both compounds reduced HSV-2 replication in a concentration-dependent manner when either incubated with the virus prior to the addition of the mixture to cells, or added to and incubated with cells after their infection. In summary, the anti-HSV-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate was ascribed to their virucidal effect on virus particles, a change that was likely accompanied by partial inhibition of the virus attachment to cells and its subsequent cell-to-cell spread activity. This suggests that these compounds can be regarded as promising candidates for development as topical anti-HSV-2 agents.
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