| 1. |
- Gentile, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Shear Rates on the MLV Formation and MLV Stability Region in the C12E5/D2O System: Rheology and Rheo-NMR and Rheo-SANS Experiments
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 27:6, s. 2088-2092
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At high temperatures, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5) in D2O forms a swollen lamellar phase. This letter reports the shear induced multilamellar vesicle (MLV) formation in a sample that contains 40 wt % C12E5 dissolved in D2O at 55 degrees C. This transition has been investigated by time-resolved rheo-nuclear magnetic resonance, rheo small angle neutron scattering, and rheometry. The typical transient viscosity behavior of MLV formation has been discovered at 1 s(-1). For the first time, it has been found that MLVs are not stable over time when subjected to high shear rates. Our results show that the MLV stability is confined in a narrow region in the range 1-10 s(-1) shear rates. This is not observed for other CnEm surfactants.
|
|
| 2. |
- Perez-Borrego, Yolanda A., et al.
(författare)
-
A Retrospective Study on tDCS Treatment in Patients with Drug-Resistant Chronic Pain
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI. - 2227-9059. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) has an analgesic effect superior to a placebo in chronic pain. Some years ago, tDCS was implemented at the Hospital Nacional of Paraplegics (Toledo, Spain) to treat patients with pharmacological resistance to chronic pain. Objective. The main objectives of this study with tDCS were (1) to confirm the safety of one-year treatment; (2) to estimate the number of patients after one year in treatment; (3) to describe the effects of tDCS on the pain intensity during one-year treatment; and (4) to identify factors related to treatment success. Methods. This was a retrospective study conducted at the National Hospital for Paraplegics with 155 patients with pharmacologically resistant chronic pain. Anodal tDCS was applied over the M1 for 20 min at 1.5 mA for 10 treatment sessions from Monday to Friday (Induction phase), followed by 2-3 sessions per month (Maintenance phase). Pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results. Anodal tDCS on M1 confirmed the reduction in the pain intensity. Moreover, 58% of outpatients completed one year of treatment. Only the VAS values obtained during the baseline influenced the response to treatment. Patients with a very high VAS at the baseline were more likely to not respond adequately to tDCS treatment. Conclusions. Anodal tDCS over M1 is an adequate therapy (safe and efficient) to treat drug-resistant chronic pain. Moreover, pain intensity at the start of treatment could be a predictor of patients' continuity with tDCS for at least one year.
|
|
| 3. |
- Soto-Leon, Vanesa, et al.
(författare)
-
Static magnetic field stimulation over motor cortex modulates resting functional connectivity in humans
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focal application of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) over the human motor cortex induces local changes in cortical excitability. Whether tSMS can also induce distant network effects, and how these local and distant effects may vary over time, is currently unknown. In this study, we applied 10 min tSMS over the left motor cortex of healthy subjects using a real/sham parallel design. To measure tSMS effects at the sensori-motor network level, we used resting-state fMRI. Real tSMS, but not sham, reduced functional connectivity within the stimulated sensori-motor network. This effect of tSMS showed time-dependency, returning to sham levels after the first 5 min of fMRI scanning. With 10 min real tSMS over the motor cortex we did not observe effects in other functional networks examined (default mode and visual system networks). In conclusion, 10 min of tSMS over a location within the sensori-motor network reduces functional connectivity within the same functional network.
|
|
