| 1. |
- Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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The need for a behavioural science focus in research on mental health and mental disorders
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1049-8931 .- 1557-0657. ; 23, s. 28-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychology as a science offers an enormous diversity of theories, principles, and methodological approaches to understand mental health, abnormal functions and behaviours and mental disorders. A selected overview of the scope, current topics as well as strength and gaps in Psychological Science may help to depict the advances needed to inform future research agendas specifically on mental health and mental disorders. From an integrative psychological perspective, most maladaptive health behaviours and mental disorders can be conceptualized as the result of developmental dysfunctions of psychological functions and processes as well as neurobiological and genetic processes that interact with the environment. The paper presents and discusses an integrative translational model, linking basic and experimental research with clinical research as well as population-based prospective-longitudinal studies. This model provides a conceptual framework to identify how individual vulnerabilities interact with environment over time, and promote critical behaviours that might act as proximal risk factors for ill-health and mental disorders. Within the models framework, such improved knowledge is also expected to better delineate targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions that prevent further escalation in early stages before the full disorder and further complications thereof develop. In contrast to conventional personalized medicine that typically targets individual (genetic) variation of patients who already have developed a disease to improve medical treatment, the proposed framework model, linked to a concerted funding programme of the Science of Behaviour Change, carries the promise of improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention of health-risk behaviour constellations as well as mental disorders.
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| 2. |
- Emmelkamp, Paul M.G., et al.
(författare)
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Advancing psychotherapy and evidence-based psychological interventions
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1049-8931 .- 1557-0657. ; 23:S1, s. 58-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological models of mental disorders guide research into psychological and environmental factors that elicit and maintain mental disorders as well as interventions to reduce them. This paper addresses four areas. (1) Psychological models of mental disorders have become increasingly transdiagnostic, focusing on core cognitive endophenotypes of psychopathology from an integrative cognitive psychology perspective rather than offering explanations for unitary mental disorders. It is argued that psychological interventions for mental disorders will increasingly target specific cognitive dysfunctions rather than symptom-based mental disorders as a result. (2) Psychotherapy research still lacks a comprehensive conceptual framework that brings together the wide variety of findings, models and perspectives. Analysing the state-of-the-art in psychotherapy treatment research, “component analyses” aiming at an optimal identification of core ingredients and the mechanisms of change is highlighted as the core need towards improved efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy, and improved translation to routine care. (3) In order to provide more effective psychological interventions to children and adolescents, there is a need to develop new and/or improved psychotherapeutic interventions on the basis of developmental psychopathology research taking into account knowledge of mediators and moderators. Developmental neuroscience research might be instrumental to uncover associated aberrant brain processes in children and adolescents with mental health problems and to better examine mechanisms of their correction by means of psychotherapy and psychological interventions. (4) Psychotherapy research needs to broaden in terms of adoption of large-scale public health strategies and treatments that can be applied to more patients in a simpler and cost-effective way. Increased research on efficacy and moderators of Internet-based treatments and e-mental health tools (e.g. to support “real time” clinical decision-making to prevent treatment failure or relapse) might be one promising way forward.
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| 3. |
- Davis III, Thompson E., et al.
(författare)
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Intensive Treatment of Specific Phobias in Children and Adolescents
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1077-7229 .- 1878-187X. ; 16:3, s. 294-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-session treatment (OST), a variant of cognitive-behavioral therapy, combines graduated in vivo exposure, participant modeling, reinforcement, psychoeducation, cognitive challenges, and skills training in an intensive treatment model. Treatment is maximized to one 3-hour session. In this paper, we review the application of OST for specific phobia in youth and highlight practical matters related to OST and its use in a clinical setting. We also briefly review results of treatment outcome studies and suggest future directions for clinical research and practice. We conclude that OST is an efficient and efficacious treatment.
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| 4. |
- Davis, Thompson E., et al.
(författare)
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One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias in Children : Recent Developments and a Systematic Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. - : Annual Reviews. - 1548-5943 .- 1548-5951. ; 15, s. 233-256
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-Session Treatment is a well-established evidence-based treatment for specific phobias in youths that incorporates reinforcement, cognitive challenges, participant modeling, psychoeducation, and skills training into a single, massed session of graduated exposure. This review begins by briefly examining the phenomenology, etiology, epidemiology, and assessment of specific phobias and then pivots to a description of One-Session Treatment. We examine the use of One-Session Treatment with children and adolescents, briefly discussing its components and application, and subsequently review almost two decades of research supporting its efficacy. Finally, we propose future directions for research and practice.
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| 5. |
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Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias
- 2012. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Whether it’s dogs, spiders, blood, heights or some other fear, specific phobias are one of the most prevalent mental health problems, affecting as many as one in eight people. In recent years, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as particularly effective in treating young people and adults with specific phobias. And of these methods, one-session treatment stands out as a long-lasting, cost-effective intervention of choice.Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias not only provides a summary of the evidence base, it also serves as a practical reference and training guide. This concise volume examines the phenomenology, epidemiology, and etiology of phobias, laying the groundwork for subsequent discussion of assessment strategies, empirically sound one-session treatment methods, and special topics. In addition, expert contributors address challenges common to exposure therapy, offer age-appropriate guidelines for treating young clients, and describe innovative computer-assisted techniques.Organized to be read individually or in sequence, chapters delve into key areas, including:• Evidence-based assessment and treatment of specific phobias in children, adolescents, and adults.• One-session treatment theory and practice with children, adolescents, and adults.• Handling difficult cases of specific phobias in youth.• Interventions for specific phobias in special populations.• Training and assessing therapists in one-session treatment.• Ethical issues in considering exposure.Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and graduate students in child, school, clinical, and counseling psychology; social work; and general and special education.
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| 6. |
- Ollendick, Thomas H., et al.
(författare)
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Comorbidity in youth with specific phobias : Impact of comorbidity on treatment outcome and the impact of treatment on comorbid disorders
- 2010
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 48:9, s. 827-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was twofold. In an analysis of data from an existing randomized control trial of brief cognitive behavioral treatment onspecific phobias (One-Session Treatment, OST; Ollendick et al., 2009), we examined 1) the effect of comorbid specific phobias and other anxiety disorderson treatment outcomes, and 2) the effect of treatment of the specific phobia on these co-occurring disorders. These relations were explored in 100 youth presenting with animal, natural environment, situational, and “other” types of phobia. Youth were reliably diagnosed with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and Parent versions (Silverman & Albano, 1996). Clinician severity ratings at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up were examined as were parent and child treatment outcome satisfaction measures. Results indicated that the presence of comorbid phobias or anxiety disordersdid not affect treatment outcomes; moreover, treatment of the targeted specific phobias led to significant reductions in the clinical severity of other co-occurring specific phobias and related anxiety disorders. These findings speak to the generalization of the effects of this time-limited treatment approach. Implications for treatment of principal and comorbid disorders are discussed, and possible mechanisms for these effects are commented upon.
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| 7. |
- Ollendick, Thomas H., et al.
(författare)
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Harm beliefs and coping expectancies in youth with specific phobias
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 91, s. 51-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catastrophic beliefs and lowered coping expectancies are often present in individuals with specific phobias (SPs). The current study examined these beliefs and expectancies in 251 youth who received One Session Treatment for one of the three most common types of SP in youth (animals, natural environment, and situational). We compared the children's subjective beliefs to objective ratings of the likelihood of occurrence and the dangerousness of the feared events. Results revealed pre-treatment differences in the youths' beliefs across phobia types and age. Specifically, children with animal phobias rated their beliefs as more likely to occur than did children with environmental and situational phobias. In addition, older children rated their beliefs as more dangerous than younger children. However, regardless of phobia type or child age, the beliefs improved following treatment. Changes in catastrophic beliefs and coping expectancies were related to changes in clinical severity following treatment but not 6-months following treatment. Moreover, at pre-treatment, children viewed their beliefs as significantly more catastrophic and likely to occur than did independent coders of these beliefs; however, these differences were no longer evident following treatment. Clinical implications are discussed, highlighting how changes in beliefs and expectancies might be associated with treatment outcomes.
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| 8. |
- Ollendick, Thomas H., et al.
(författare)
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Innovations in the psychosocial treatment of youth with anxiety disorders : implications for a stepped care approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Evidence-Based Mental Health. - : BMJ. - 1362-0347 .- 1468-960X. ; 21:3, s. 112-115
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among children and adolescents and frequently result in impairments across multiple domains of life. While psychosocial interventions, namely cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), have been found to be highly effective in treating these conditions, significant numbers of youth simply do not have access to these evidence-based interventions, and of those who do, a substantial proportion (up to 40%) fail to achieve remission. Thus, there is a pressing need for innovation in both the delivery of evidence-based treatments and efforts to enhance treatment outcomes for those who do not respond to standard care. This paper reviews current innovations attempting to address these issues, including evidence for brief, low-intensity approaches to treatment; internet delivered CBT and brief, high-intensity CBT. Moreover, we propose a model of stepped care delivery of evidence-based mental health interventions for children and youth with anxiety. In general, a stepped care approach begins with a lower intensity, evidence-based treatment that entails minimal therapist involvement (ie, brief, low-intensity self-help or internet delivered CBT) and then proceeds to more intensive treatments with greater therapist involvement (ie, brief high-intensity CBT), but only for those individuals who show a poor response at each step along the way. Future research is needed in order to evaluate such a model, and importantly, to identify predictors and moderators of response at each step, in order to inform an evidence-based, fully-integrated stepped care approach to service delivery.
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| 9. |
- Ollendick, Thomas, H., et al.
(författare)
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One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias in Youth : A Randomized Clinical Trial in the United States and Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 77:3, s. 504-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One hundred and ninety-six youth, ages 7–16, who fulfilled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) criteria for various specific phobias were randomized to a one-session exposure treatment, education support treatment, or a wait list control group. After the waiting period, the wait list participants were offered treatment and, if interested, rerandomized to 1 of the 2 active treatments. The phobias were assessed with semistructured diagnostic interviews, clinician severity ratings, and behavioral avoidance tests, whereas fears, general anxiety, depression, and behavior problems were assessed with self- and parent report measures. Assessments were completed pretreatment, posttreatment, and at 6 months following treatment. Results showed that both treatment conditions were superior to the wait list control condition and that 1-session exposure treatment was superior to education support treatment on clinician ratings of phobic severity, percentage of participants who were diagnosis free, child ratings of anxiety during the behavioral avoidance test, and treatment satisfaction as reported by the youth and their parents. There were no differences on self-report measures. Treatment effects were maintained at follow-up. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Ollendick, Thomas H., et al.
(författare)
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The mediating role of changes in harm beliefs and coping efficacy in youth with specific phobias
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 99, s. 131-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals with specific phobias (SPs) often experience catastrophic cognitions and compromised efficacy regarding their ability to cope when in the presence of the phobic object/situation. In the current study, 165 children (7-16 years; 62% male) received either One Session Treatment or Educational Support Therapy for their SP. The children identified their feared belief and rated how bad it was, how likely it was to occur, and their ability to cope if it did occur. All of these ratings were reduced from pre-treatment to 6-month follow-up, across both treatment conditions. However, ratings of how bad and how likely reduced to a significantly greater degree for children who received OST. Greater change in each of the three beliefs predicted lower clinician severity ratings (CSRs) at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Additionally, changes in how bad and how likely the children rated their beliefs, and their reported ability to cope, partially mediated the relationship between treatment and post-treatment and follow-up CSRs. Overall, these findings suggest that although both treatment conditions produced changes in harm beliefs and coping efficacy, OST elicited greater changes and these changes may be important mechanisms in reduction of SP clinical severity.
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| 11. |
- Öst, Lars-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Brief, intensive and concentrated cognitive behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders in children : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 97, s. 134-145
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety disorders are among the most common disorders affecting youths in the general population, with up to 10% of children and 20% of adolescents meeting criteria for an anxiety disorder at any one point in time. Cognitive-behavior therapies (CBT), varying between 9 and 18 weeks of treatment, are considered evidence-based for the treatment of anxiety disorders in youth. During the last two decades treatments that are brief, intensive, or concentrated (BIC) have been developed and this meta-analysis includes 23 RCTs of these new approaches across the anxiety disorders. BIC yielded a lower attrition (2.3%) than standard CBT (6.5%). The effect sizes (ES) for comparison of BIC with waiting-list (1.47) and placebo (0.91) were significant, whereas that with standard CBT (0.01) was not. Regarding remission at post/recovery at follow-up BIC (54%/64%) and standard CBT (57%/63%) were comparable and both were significantly higher than placebo (26%/35%), which was higher than WLC (7%/9%). Within-group ES at post and follow-up were 1.50 and 1.53 for BIC, and 0.98 and 1.05 for standard CBT, indicating maintenance of the effects up to 12 months after therapy. Advantages and disadvantages of BIC are discussed and we suggest that BIC-interventions represent a paradigm shift in the delivery of services for youth with anxiety disorders.
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