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| 2. |
- Larsson-Lund, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Accessing public space in the digital society: relationship between the use of everyday technology and places visited outside the home after acquired brain injury
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 44:23, s. 7059-7068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: In the digital society, people need to make use of a range of everyday technology (ET) when engaging in activities in various places outside home. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the use of ET and places visited outside the home and, also, to describe the relationship between them in people with different severity of disability after acquired brain injury (ABI).Materials and methods: Instruments addressing ET use, places visited outside the home and severity of disability were used to assess 74 individuals with ABI. Relationships were analyzed statistically.Results: A significantly higher use of personal ET related to public space and public space ET, a higher ability to use ET and more places visited outside the home was found in those with good recovery (GR) compared to those with moderate disability/severe disability (MD/SD). The use of ET was significantly correlated with places visited in the total sample and in those with MD/SD, but for those with GR, no significant correlations were found.Conclusions: To facilitate participation after ABI, the relationship between the use of ET and places visited outside the home needs to be assessed in rehabilitation.
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| 3. |
- Malinowsky, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of participation : Facilitating and hindering aspects related to places for activities outside the home after stroke
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:3, s. 204-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Being engaged in activities in places outside the home after a stroke can be challenging. Knowledge about what characterize places outside the home is important to support participation.Objectives: To explore patterns of participation in places for activities outside the home after stroke and whether these patterns were associated with personal and environmental aspects.Material and methods: Sixty-three people with stroke were interviewed using the Participation in Activities and Places Outside Home (ACT-OUT) questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of participation and non-parametric test was used to explore potential associations to the patterns of participation.Results: Four clusters of patterns of participation, based on frequency, familiarity of the place/the way to the place and perceived distance, were identified. The patterns were significantly associated with type of place, activity domain, retained or abandoned participation, transportation and being accompanied by someone. The severity of disability was significantly associated with groups of individuals with different patterns of participation.Conclusions: Different combinations of aspects facilitated and hindered whether or not participation changed. To support people with stroke in their endeavour to retain or recapture participation, social support is important to consider in relation to transportation, activities and places outside the home.
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| 4. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Att leva som förut är inte ett alternativ : Berättelser från två personer med förvärvad hjärnskada
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aktiviteter utanför hemmet kan vara utmanande för personer med förvärvad hjärnskada (FHS) och måste betraktas i förhållande till personens hela repertoar av aktiviteter. Vi vet idag lite om den komplexitet av interagerande faktorer som kan orsaka problematiska situationer för personer med FHS vilket gör att dessa är svåra att förutse. För att hantera pågående förändringar i aktivitetssituationer krävs stödjande strategier. Mer kunskap behövs därför om den ömsesidiga relationen mellan person och kontext för att bättre förstå hur det påverkar personens agerande och hur de influerar tillgång till platser samt aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Syftet med studien var att utforska och identifiera problematiska situationer relaterat till aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Metod: Berättelser från två personer med FHS användes för att illustrera hur de agerade i och reflekterade över problematiska situationer. Data samlades in via kvalitativa intervjuer och deltagande observationer som genomfördes vid upprepade tillfällen. En narrativ metod användes för att kunna fånga pågående processer relaterat till hur deltagarna agerade och reflekterade kring problematiska situationer relaterat till deras engagemang i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Resultatet: visar hur deltagarna på olika sätt ställs inför problematiska situationer i samband med att de engagerar sig i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Att leva ett liv som tidigare är inte längre ett alternativ och de kämpar för att upprätthålla men också finna nya vanor och rutiner som får vardagen att fungera. Det är en ständigt pågående kamp att försöka hantera oförutsedda händelser och försöka kontrollera olika situationer de ställs inför. Då de inte längre yrkesarbetar blir aktiviteter utanför hemmet än viktigare än tidigare men deras berättelser speglar hur deras aktivitetsrepertoar minskar och hur de dragit sig tillbaka från olika arenor vilket medfört att deras sociala värld har krympt och de utför fler aktiviteter ensam och i hemmet.
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| 5. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Everyday activities outside the home are a struggle : Narratives from two persons with acquired brain injury
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:3, s. 194-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Participation restriction is a common consequence after acquired brain injury (ABI).Aim: To explore and identify problematic situations in everyday activities outside the home for persons with acquired brain injury.Material and Method: Two persons of working age with ABI were included. Data were generated through repeated semi-structured interviews and participant observations. Narrative analysis was used to capture ongoing processes related to problematic situations during engagement in everyday activities outside the home.Results: The narratives reflect how places, everyday activities and social relations were closely connected and influenced engagement in everyday activities outside the home. The participants visited fewer places and performed more of their everyday activities alone in their homes after the injury compared to before. They were struggling to create meaning in their lives and trying to reformulate their identity. Problematic situations often occurred outside the home as a result of unexpected events. The narratives indicate a struggle to find new routines to handle challenging situations.Conclusions: The results provide an understanding of how problematic situations occurred and were managed in different ways. By observing everyday situations professionals can gain access to how persons with ABI act in and reflect upon problematic situations which can eventually improve the design of individually tailored interventions.
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| 6. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-
(författare)
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Möjlighet till aktivitet och delaktighet utanför hemmet för personer med förvärvad hjärnskada
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att öka kunskapen om möjlighet till aktivitet och delaktighet utanför hemmet för personer i yrkesverksam ålder med förvärvad hjärnskada (FHS).Studie I syftade till att utforska och beskriva hur personer med FHS erfar engagemang i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Intervjuer genomfördes med åtta deltagare och data analyserades genom konstant komparativ metod. Resultatet visade att svårigheter att bearbeta intryck, fatigue, förberedelse och upplevda risker var avgörande för deras begräsningar av engagemang i aktiveter. De använde nya strategier för att möjliggöra engagemang i aktiviteter med olika konsekvenser för deras liv. Studie II syftade till att utforska och identifiera problematiska situationer relaterat till aktiviteter utanför hemmet för personer med FHS. Upprepade intervjuer och deltagande observationer genomfördes med två deltagare och genererade data som analyserades med narrativ metod. Deltagarnas berättelser speglar hur det var en ständig kamp att försöka hantera oförutsedda händelser och kontrollera olika situationer de ställdes inför när de engagerade sig i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Vidare, hur de dragit sig tillbaka från olika platser vilket medförde att deras sociala liv begränsats och att fler aktiviteter utfördes ensam och i hemmet efter skadan. Studie III syftade till att beskriva och jämföra upplevd delaktighet på platser utanför hemmet hos personer med stroke samt relationen mellan det totalt antal platser som besöktes, funktionshindrets svårighetsgrad och sociodemografisk data. Intervjuer genomfördes med sextiotre deltagare med stroke utifrån instrumentet ACT-OUT. Data analyserades med deskriptiv statistik, icke parametriska test, ANOVA och General Linear Model (GLM). Resultatet visade att gruppen med god återhämtning besökte i genomsnitt flest antal platser följt av dem med medelsvårt och svårt funktionshinder och skillnaden mellan grupperna vara signifikant. Skillnader i besökta platser var framförallt relaterat till platser för sociala, kulturella och andliga aktiviteter samt platser för rekreation och fysisk aktivitet. Oavsett funktionhindrets svårighetsgrad önskade deltagarna besöka platser i framtiden som de förnärvarande inte besökte. Funktionshindrets svårighetsgrad och bilkörning var signifikant associerade med det totala antalet besökta platser för aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Studie IV syftade till att utforska mönster av delaktighet på platser för aktiviteter utanför hemmet och om dessa mönster var relaterade till funktionshindrets svårighetsgrad och faktorer i miljön. Intervjuer genomfördes med samma deltagare och instrument som i studie III och analyserades med deskriptiv statistik, icke parametriska test och tvåstegs klusteranalys. Av analysen framkom fem mönster av delaktighet innehållande fyra möjliggörande och hindrande aspekter; upplevt avstånd till platsen, hur frekvent platsen besöktes och hur familjär platsen samt vägen till platsen var. Resultatet visade att det endast fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan mönstren när det gällde transport till och från platsen och socialt stöd.Sammanfattningsvis bidrar denna avhandling med kunskap om de mångfacetterade ständigt föränderliga utmaningar och problematiska situationer som personer med FHS erfar vid engagemang i aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Vidare, om strategier i aktivitet som möjliggör att personer med FHS kan återuppta och/eller bibehålla aktiviteter utanför hemmet. Avhandlingen bidrar även med kunskap om samband och mönster som påverkar upplevd delaktighet på platser för aktiviteter utanför hemmet, vilket är av betydelse för att förstå relationen mellan aktiviteter och platser. För att utveckla utformningen av rehabiliteringsinsatser som stärker möjlighet till aktivitet och delaktighet efter FHS behöver såväl aktiviteter som platser utanför hemmet samt aspekter som påverkar relationer dem emellan beaktas.
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| 7. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-
(författare)
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Participation in places for activities outside home after stroke: Relationship with the severity of disability
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: To describe and compare the perceived participation in places for activities outside the home of people with different severities of disability after stroke. The secondary aim was to explore the relationship between the perceived participation in places for activities outside the home and the severity of disability, fatigue and sociodemographic characteristics.Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted, and 63 people with stroke were interviewed about their participation in places for activities outside the home, as well as their severity of disability and fatigue. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, ANOVA and General linear model.Results: Comparisons within the severity of disability groups showed that after the injury, those in the severe/moderate disability group visited five of the 27 investigated places to a significantly lower extent than before the injury, and those with good recovery visited one place to a significantly lower extent. Both groups reported a significant desire to increase participation in a number of places in the future. Moreover, a significantly lower number of people in the severe/moderate disability group did not visit eight of the places compared to those in the good recovery group. Those with good recovery had a significantly higher mean total number of places currently visited for activities outside the home, followed by those with moderate and severe disabilities. The severity of disability and driving a car were the only factors significantly associated with the total number of places visited.Conclusions: Participation in places for activities outside the home and changes in relation to engagement in such activities can add to rehabilitation that aims to increase the possibility of resuming participation after stroke.
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| 8. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-
(författare)
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Perceived participation in places for activities outside the home after stroke: Facilitating and hindering aspects.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore patterns of participation in places for activities outside the home after stroke and whether these patterns were associated with the severity of the disability and environmental characteristics.Method: Sixty-three people with stroke were interviewed using the Participation in Activities and Places Outside Home for Older Adults (ACT-OUT) questionnaire and the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended. A two-step cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of participation in places for activities outside the home, and non-parametric tests were used to detect associations with the identified clusters/patterns.Results: Five clusters of patterns of participation in places for activities outside the home were identified, which included four facilitating and hindering aspects: the perceived distance, the frequency of visitation, the familiarity of the place and the familiarity of the way to the place. The patterns were significantly associated with transportation to the place and “accompanied by someone”, but not with the severity of disability or place of residence.Conclusions: Different combinations of aspects facilitate and hinder whether or not participation in places for activities outside the home changes. Moreover, the mode of transportation and “accompanied by someone” can also influence participation. To support people with stroke in their endeavour to continue or recapture engagement in activities outside the home, the importance of other peoples influence on participation should be emphasized.
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| 9. |
- Olofsson, Alexandra, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Places visited for activities outside the home after stroke : Relationship with the severity of disability
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 83:6, s. 405-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionKnowledge about the places people visit or do not visit after stroke is lacking. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the places visited for activities outside the home of people with stroke of working age and to explore the influence of the severity of disability, fatigue, driving a car and sociodemographic characteristics on the total number of places visited for activities outside the home.MethodsAn exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted and 63 people with stroke were interviewed with instruments that covered places outside the home, severity of disability and fatigue. Data were analysed using non-parametric tests, analysis of variance and the general linear model.ResultsSignificant difference in the total number of places visited for activities outside the home were found between all three groups of severity of disability. The good recovery group visited eight places to a significantly higher extent than those with severe/moderate disability. The severity of disability and driving a car were the only aspects that significantly influenced the total number of places visited.ConclusionsPlaces for activities outside the home people with stroke visit and changes therein can add valuable knowledge about participation that can be used in the design of rehabilitation.
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| 10. |
- Paul, Alexandra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing lipid remodeling of brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and liver after one-week high fat diet intervention with quantitative Raman microscopy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-2312 .- 1097-4644. ; 124:3, s. 382-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) consists of highly metabolically active adipocytes that catabolize nutrients to produce heat. Playing an active role in triacylglycerol (TAG) clearance, research has shown that dietary fatty acids can modulate the TAG chemistry deposition in BAT after weeks-long dietary intervention, similar to what has been shown in white adipose tissue (WAT). Our objective was to compare the influence of sustained, nonchronic dietary intervention (a 1-week interval) on WAT and interscapular BAT lipid metabolism and deposition in situ. We use quantitative, label-free chemical microscopy to show that 1 week of high fat diet (HFD) intervention results in dramatically larger lipid droplet (LD) growth in BAT (and liver) compared to LD growth in inguinal WAT (IWAT). Moreover, BAT showed lipid remodeling as increased unsaturated TAGs in LDs, resembling the dietary lipid composition, while WAT (and liver) did not show lipid remodeling on this time scale. Concurrently, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, particularly desaturases, was reduced in BAT and liver from HFD-fed mice after 1 week. Our data show that BAT lipid chemistry remodels exceptionally fast to dietary lipid intervention compared WAT, which further points towards a role in TAG clearance.
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| 11. |
- Peris, Eduard, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant treatment induces reductive stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 294:7, s. 2340-2352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- beta-Adrenergic stimulation of adipose tissue increases mitochondrial density and activity (browning) that are associated with improved whole-body metabolism. Whereas chronically elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipose tissue contribute to insulin resistance, transient ROS elevation stimulates physiological processes such as adipogenesis. Here, using a combination of biochemical and cell and molecular biology-based approaches, we studied whether ROS or antioxidant treatment affects beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) stimulation-induced adipose tissue browning. We found that beta 3-AR stimulation increases ROS levels in cultured adipocytes, but, unexpectedly, pretreatment with different antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, or GSH ethyl ester) did not prevent this ROS increase. Using fluorescent probes, we discovered that the antioxidant treatments instead enhanced beta 3-AR stimulation-induced mitochondrial ROS production. This pro-oxidant effect of antioxidants was, even in the absence of beta 3-AR stimulation, associated with decreased oxygen consumption and increased lactate production in adipocytes. We observed similar antioxidant effects in WT mice: N-acetylcysteine blunted beta 3-AR stimulation-induced browning of white adipose tissue and reduced mitochondrial activity in brown adipose tissue even in the absence of beta 3-AR stimulation. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine increased the levels of peroxiredoxin 3 and superoxide dismutase 2 in adipose tissue, indicating increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. We interpret this negative impact of antioxidants on oxygen consumption in vitro and adipose tissue browning in vivo as essential adaptations that prevent a further increase in mitochondrial ROS production. In summary, these results suggest that chronic antioxidant supplementation can produce a paradoxical increase in oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes.
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