| 1. |
- Arnold, Cord L., et al.
(författare)
-
A high-repetition rate attosecond pulse source for coincidence spectroscopy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2021. - 9781665418768
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power of attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy combined with advanced detection schemes, such as photoelectron/ion coincidence spectrometers and time-resolved photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM), can be unleashed by properly accounting for the repetition rate of the source. In this work, we present a high-repetition rate (200 kHz) attosecond pulse source that opens up for exploring phenomena, previously inaccessible to the community using attosecond interferometric and spectroscopy pump-probe techniques [1].
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 562:7725, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.
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| 4. |
- Boccaletti, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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Fast-moving features in the debris disk around AU Microscopii
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 526:7572, s. 230-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 1980s, excess infrared emission was discovered around main-sequence stars; subsequent direct-imaging observations revealed orbiting disks of cold dust to be the source(1). These 'debris disks' were thought to be by-products of planet formation because they often exhibited morphological and brightness asymmetries that may result from gravitational perturbation by planets. This was proved to be true for the beta Pictoris system, in which the known planet generates an observable warp in the disk(2-5). The nearby, young, unusually active late-type star AU Microscopii hosts a well-studied edge-on debris disk; earlier observations in the visible and near-infrared found asymmetric localized structures in the form of intensity variations along the midplane of the disk beyond a distance of 20 astronomical units(6-9). Here we report high-contrast imaging that reveals a series of five large-scale features in the southeast side of the disk, at projected separations of 10-60 astronomical units, persisting over intervals of 1-4 years. All these features appear to move away from the star at projected speeds of 4-10 kilometres per second, suggesting highly eccentric or unbound trajectories if they are associated with physical entities. The origin, localization, morphology and rapid evolution of these features are difficult to reconcile with current theories.
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| 5. |
- Buchanan, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Marquer, Laurent, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the effects of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation in Europe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Pergamon Press. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 171, s. 20-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early agriculture can be detected in palaeovegetation records, but quantification of the relative importance of climate and land use in influencing regional vegetation composition since the onset of agriculture is a topic that is rarely addressed. We present a novel approach that combines pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant cover with climate, anthropogenic land-cover and dynamic vegetation modelling results. This is used to quantify the relative impacts of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation at a sub-continental scale, i.e. northern and western Europe north of the Alps. We use redundancy analysis and variation partitioning to quantify the percentage of variation in vegetation composition explained by the climate and land-use variables, and Monte Carlo permutation tests to assess the statistical significance of each variable. We further use a similarity index to combine pollen based REVEALS estimates with climate-driven dynamic vegetation modelling results. The overall results indicate that climate is the major driver of vegetation when the Holocene is considered as a whole and at the sub-continental scale, although land use is important regionally. Four critical phases of land-use effects on vegetation are identified. The first phase (from 7000 to 6500 BP) corresponds to the early impacts on vegetation of farming and Neolithic forest clearance and to the dominance of climate as a driver of vegetation change. During the second phase (from 4500 to 4000 BP), land use becomes a major control of vegetation. Climate is still the principal driver, although its influence decreases gradually. The third phase (from 2000 to 1500 BP) is characterised by the continued role of climate on vegetation as a consequence of late-Holocene climate shifts and specific climate events that influence vegetation as well as land use. The last phase (from 500 to 350 BP) shows an acceleration of vegetation changes, in particular during the last century, caused by new farming practices and forestry in response to population growth and industrialization. This is a unique signature of anthropogenic impact within the Holocene but European vegetation remains climatically sensitive and thus may continue to respond to ongoing climate change. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Mikaelsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A high-repetition rate attosecond light source for time-resolved coincidence spectroscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanophotonics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2192-8614 .- 2192-8606. ; 10:1, s. 117-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attosecond pulses, produced through high-order harmonic generation in gases, have been successfully used for observing ultrafast, subfemtosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solid state systems. Today's typical attosecond sources, however, are often impaired by their low repetition rate and the resulting insufficient statistics, especially when the number of detectable events per shot is limited. This is the case for experiments, where several reaction products must be detected in coincidence, and for surface science applications where space charge effects compromise spectral and spatial resolution. In this work, we present an attosecond light source operating at 200 kHz, which opens up the exploration of phenomena previously inaccessible to attosecond interferometric and spectroscopic techniques. Key to our approach is the combination of a high-repetition rate, few-cycle laser source, a specially designed gas target for efficient high harmonic generation, a passively and actively stabilized pump-probe interferometer and an advanced 3D photoelectron/ion momentum detector. While most experiments in the field of attosecond science so far have been performed with either single attosecond pulses or long trains of pulses, we explore the hitherto mostly overlooked intermediate regime with short trains consisting of only a few attosecond pulses. We also present the first coincidence measurement of single-photon double-ionization of helium with full angular resolution, using an attosecond source. This opens up for future studies of the dynamic evolution of strongly correlated electrons.
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| 9. |
- Mikaelsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A high-repetition rate attosecond light source for time-resolved coincidence spectroscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Optics and Photonics. - : De Gruyter. - 9783110710687 - 9783110709735 ; , s. 119-130
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attosecond pulses, produced through high-order harmonic generation in gases, have been successfully used for observing ultrafast, subfemtosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solid state systems. Today's typical attosecond sources, however, are often impaired by their low repetition rate and the resulting insufficient statistics, especially when the number of detectable events per shot is limited. This is the case for experiments, where several reaction products must be detected in coincidence, and for surface science applications where space charge effects compromise spectral and spatial resolution. In this work, we present an attosecond light source operating at 200 kHz, which opens up the exploration of phenomena previously inaccessible to attosecond interferometric and spectroscopic techniques. Key to our approach is the combination of a high-repetition rate, few-cycle laser source, a specially designed gas target for efficient high harmonic generation, a passively and actively stabilized pump-probe interferometer and an advanced 3D photoelectron/ion momentum detector. While most experiments in the field of attosecond science so far have been performed with either single attosecond pulses or long trains of pulses, we explore the hitherto mostly overlooked intermediate regime with short trains consisting of only a few attosecond pulses. We also present the first coincidence measurement of single-photon dou-ble-ionization of helium with full angular resolution, using an attosecond source. This opens up for future studies of the dynamic evolution of strongly correlated electrons.
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| 10. |
- Skaf, Nour, et al.
(författare)
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The β Pictoris system : Setting constraints on the planet and the disk structures at mid-IR wavelengths with NEAR
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. β Pictoris is a young nearby system hosting a well-resolved edge-on debris disk, along with at least two exoplanets. It offers key opportunities for carrying out detailed studies of the evolution of young planetary systems and their shaping soon after the end of the planetary formation phase. Aims. We analyzed high-contrast coronagraphic images of this system, obtained in the mid-infrared, taking advantage of the NEAR experiment using the VLT/VISIR instrument, which provides access to adaptive optics, as well as phase coronagraphy. The goal of our analysis is to investigate both the detection of the planet β Pictoris b and of the disk features at mid-IR wavelengths. In addition, by combining several epochs of observation, we expect to constrain the position of the known clumps and improve our knowledge on the dynamics of the disk. Methods. We observed the β Pictoris system over two nights in December 2019 in the 10- 12.5 μm coronagraphic filter. To evaluate the planet b flux contribution, we extracted the photometry at the expected position of the planet and compared it to the flux published in the literature. In addition, we used previous data from T-ReCS and VISIR in the mid-IR, updating the star's distance, to study the evolution of the position of the southwest clump that was initially observed in the planetary disk back in 2003. Results. While we did not detect the planet b, we were able to put constraints on the presence of circumplanetary material, ruling out the equivalent of a Saturn-like planetary ring around the planet. The disk presents several noticeable structures, including the known southwest clump. Using a 16-yr baseline, sampled with five epochs of observations, we were able to examine the evolution of the clump. We found that the clump orbits in a Keplerian motion with a semi-major axis of 56.1-0.3+0.4 au. In addition to the known clump, the images clearly show the presence of a second clump on the northeast side of the disk as well as possibly fainter and closer structures that are yet to be confirmed. Furthermore, we found correlations between the CO clumps detected with ALMA and the northeastern and southwestern clumps in the mid-IR images. Conclusions. If the circumplanetary material were located at the Roche radius, the maximum amount of dust determined from the flux upper limit around β Pictoris b would correspond to the mass of an asteroid of 5 km in diameter. Finally, the Keplerian motion of the southwestern clump is possibly indicative of a yet-to-be detected planet or signals the presence of a vortex.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 40:11, s. 2265-2278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6-7% over the current levels with a 1 degrees C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.
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| 15. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Publisher Correction to : Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome (vol 40, pg 2265, 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 41:8, s. 1653-1654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The above mentioned article was originally scheduled for publication in the special issue on Ecology of Tundra Arthropods with guest editors Toke T. Hoye . Lauren E. Culler. Erroneously, the article was published in Polar Biology, Volume 40, Issue 11, November, 2017. The publisher sincerely apologizes to the guest editors and the authors for the inconvenience caused.
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| 16. |
- Björk, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Endovascular treatment of a spinal arteriovenous malformation in a 21-month-old boy
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 83:12, s. 1326-1331
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reports of spinal arteriovenous malformations in children are rare. This case report describes a 21-month-old boy whose first symptom was attacks of abdominal pain, followed gradually by neurological symptoms. The diagnosis was made using magnetic resonance imaging and spinal angiography, and the patient was successfully treated with embolization.
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| 17. |
- Björkman, Anne, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 27:12, s. 1402-1411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (>1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.
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| 18. |
- Blennow, Kaj, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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No association between the alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) deletion and Alzheimer's disease, and no change in A2M mRNA, protein, or protein expression.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 107:8-9, s. 1065-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A polymorphism consisting of a deletion near the 5' splice site of exon 18 on the alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M) gene (A2M-2) has been suggested to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in family-based studies. We studied the A2M-2 allele together with the ApoE alleles in a large series on patients with AD (n = 449) and age-matched controls (n = 349). Neuropathologically confirmed diagnoses were available in 199 cases (94 AD and 107 control cases). We found no increase in A2M-2 genotype or allele frequencies in AD (27.5% and 14.6%) versus controls (26.4% and 14.9%). In contrast, a marked increase (p < 0.0001) in ApoE epsilon4 genotype or allele frequencies was found in AD (66.6% and 41.2%) as compared with controls (29.8% and 16.5%), suggesting sufficient statistical power in our sample. No relation was found between the A2M-2 and the ApoE epsilon4 allele. No change in A2M exon 17-18 mRNA size or sequence or A2M protein size was found in cases carrying the A2M-2 deletion, suggesting that there is no biological consequences of the A2M intronic deletion. No change in A2M protein level in cerebrospinal fluid was found in AD, suggesting that the A2M-2 allele does not effect the A2M protein expression in the brain. The lack of an association between the A2M-2 allele and AD in the present study, and the lack of abnormalities in the A2M mRNA or protein suggest that the A2M-2 allele is not associated with AD.
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| 19. |
- Christiansen, Sara Nysom, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-reported outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients treated with secukinumab for 24 months in daily clinical practice
- 2024
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Ingår i: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. - 0049-0172 .- 1532-866X. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) initiating secukinumab, we aimed to assess and compare the proportion of patients achieving 6-, 12- and 24-month patient-reported outcomes (PRO) remission and the 24-month retention rates. Patients and methods: Patients with axSpA or PsA from 16 European registries, who initiated secukinumab in routine care were included. PRO remission rates were defined as pain, fatigue, Patient Global Assessment (PGA) ≤2 (Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) 0–10) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) ≤0.5, for both axSpA and PsA, and were calculated as crude values and adjusted for drug adherence (LUNDEX). Comparisons of axSpA and PsA remission rates were performed using logistic regression analyses (unadjusted and adjusted for multiple confounders). Kaplan-Meier plots with log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess and compare secukinumab retention rates. Results: We included 3087 axSpA and 3246 PsA patients initiating secukinumab. Crude pain, fatigue, PGA and HAQ remission rates were higher in axSpA than in PsA patients, whereas LUNDEX-adjusted remission rates were similar. No differences were found between the patient groups after adjustment for confounders. The 24-month retention rates were similar in axSpA vs. PsA in fully adjusted analyses (HR [95 %CI] = 0.92 [0.84–1.02]). Conclusion: In this large European real-world study of axSpA and PsA patients treated with secukinumab, we demonstrate for the first time a comparable effectiveness in PRO remission and treatment retention rates between these two conditions when adjusted for confounders.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Danfors, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Tetrahydrobiopterin in the treatment of children with autistic disorder. A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. - 0271-0749 .- 1533-712X. ; 25:5, s. 485-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twelve children, all boys, aged 4 to 7 years, with a diagnosis of autistic disorder and low concentrations of spinal 6R-l-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin) were selected to participate in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The children received a daily dose of 3 mg tetrahydrobiopterin per kilogram during 6 months alternating with placebo. Treatment-induced effects were assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale every third month. The results showed small nonsignificant changes in the total scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale after 3- and 6-month treatment. Post hoc analysis looking at the 3 core symptoms of autism, that is, social interaction, communication, and stereotyped behaviors, revealed a significant improvement of the social interaction score after 6 months of active treatment. In addition, a high positive correlation was found between response of the social interaction score and IQ. The results indicate a possible effect of tetrahydrobiopterin treatment.
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| 22. |
- DePalo, D. K., et al.
(författare)
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Oncolytic intralesional therapy for metastatic melanoma
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis. - 0262-0898.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-transit metastasis (ITM) develop in approximately 1 in 10 patients with melanoma and the disease course can vary widely. Surgical resection is the gold-standard treatment; however, ITM are often surgically unresectable due to size, distribution, and/or anatomic involvement. Oncolytic viral therapies are one category of non-surgical treatment options available for ITM. They induce tumor cell lysis and systemic anti-tumor activity through selective infection of tumor cells by naturally occurring or genetically modified factors. While there are numerous oncolytic viral therapies in various stages of development for the treatment of ITM, this discussion focuses on the mechanism and available literature for the two most established herpes virus-based therapies.
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| 23. |
- Di Tommaso, Ester Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Ortho-Functionalization of Azobenzenes via Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ortho-functionalized azobenzenes are much sought-after molecular switches. They may be tuned to absorb in the visible range of light and in many cases, the Z-isomers have very high thermal half-lives. However, methods to introduce substituents in ortho-position are still rare. This work presents the synthesis of azobenzenes with an iodine(III) moiety in the ortho-position. This novel class of diaryliodonium salts is demonstrated to efficiently arylate oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and sulfur nucleophiles under metal-free conditions. Selective transfer of the azobenzene moiety to the nucleophile gives access to an unprecedented range of ortho-substituted azobenzenes. In addition, the structure of these versatile reagents has been analyzed by X-ray crystallography and their photo-switching properties were investigated by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy.
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| 24. |
- Di Tommaso, Ester Maria, et al.
(författare)
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ortho-Functionalization of azobenzenes via hypervalent iodine reagents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; :34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ortho-Functionalized azobenzenes are much sought after molecular switches, as they may be tuned to absorb in the visible range of light and the (Z)-isomers can have high thermal half-lives. To enable straightforward access to these targets, we have developed a synthetic route via novel ortho-substituted azobenzene-functionalized diaryliodonium salts. Selective transfer of the azobenzene moiety to O-, N-, C- and S-nucleophiles under mild, transition metal-free conditions gives access to an unprecedented range of ortho-substituted azobenzenes. The photoswitching properties of the reagents were investigated and the structure was determined by X-ray crystallography.
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| 25. |
- Einsiedel, Edna, et al.
(författare)
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Brave new sheep : the clone named Dolly
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biotechnology. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 052177439X
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Haglund, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A Follow-up of an Occupational Therapy Programme based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A follow-up study explored how graduate occupational therapists valued quality aspects of their undergraduate education on a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) occupational therapy programme. One hundred and fifty of 195 graduates completed a questionnaire. The survey focused on factors such as: specific occupational therapy content combined with practical skills and preparation for future work; problem-solving and critical thinking; ability to communicate and collaborate; personal and professional development; and life-long learning. The respondents rated items after considering them from two aspects: acquired skills and objective importance. The main results show that the respondents rated their skills as above average in the quality aspects of the programme. A discrepancy was evident between the rated acquired skills and the rated importance of key qualities of the curriculum. Student –centred learning with PBL is evaluated as having value but is rejected.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hermansson, Anne-Marie, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Marine-Inspired Water-Structured Biomaterials
- 2010
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Ingår i: Water Properties in Food, Health, Pharmaceutical and Biological Systems: ISOPOW 10. - Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9780813812731 ; , s. 385-395
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biomimetics can provide new insights for the design of the next generation of biomaterials based on hierarchical structures. In an inspirational project for research on structured materials with tailored mass transport properties, we have used the jellyfi sh as a model system because of its remarkable water - holding capacity. The microstructure of the jellyfi sh, Aurelia aurita , has been characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization was focused on the mesoglea in order to understand the water management of jellyfi sh and related rheological properties. The results revealed a structure spanning a wide range of length scales. The mesoglea consists of long fi bers and a network spanning the space between them. It is a relatively coarse and open network consisting of proteins, as well as polysaccharides, which suggests a complex supermolecular proteoglucan structure. Jellyfi sh are sensitive to variations in salt content, and change in volume, shrinking with increasing salt content. The hierarchical structural levels are necessary for jellyfi sh to maintain their overall structure in water with varying salt contents. The coarse fi bers stabilize the jellyfi sh structure, and the network structure between the fi bers is most likely responsible for water management. By understanding the hierarchy and structures at different length scales, we can gain important information for the development of a new generation of hierarchically structured biomaterials with tailor - made mass transport, water management, and molecular mobilities.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Hober, Sophia, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology. - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 10:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense need for accurate, sensitive and high-throughput clinical tests, and serological assays are needed for both overarching epidemiological studies and evaluating vaccines. Here, we present the development and validation of a high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay. Methods. More than 100 representations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were included for initial evaluation, including antigens produced in bacterial and mammalian hosts as well as synthetic peptides. The five best-performing antigens, three representing the spike glycoprotein and two representing the nucleocapsid protein, were further evaluated for detection of IgG antibodies in samples from 331 COVID-19 patients and convalescents, and in 2090 negative controls sampled before 2020. Results. Three antigens were finally selected, represented by a soluble trimeric form and the S1-domain of the spike glycoprotein as well as by the C-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid. The sensitivity for these three antigens individually was found to be 99.7%, 99.1% and 99.7%, and the specificity was found to be 98.1%, 98.7% and 95.7%. The best assay performance was although achieved when utilising two antigens in combination, enabling a sensitivity of up to 99.7% combined with a specificity of 100%. Requiring any two of the three antigens resulted in a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 99.4%. Conclusion. These observations demonstrate that a serological test based on a combination of several SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay.
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| 31. |
- Huibers, Anne, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Isolated hyperthermic perfusions for cutaneous melanoma in-transit metastasis of the limb and uveal melanoma metastasis to the liver
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Clinical & Experimental Metastasis. - 0262-0898.
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with cutaneous melanoma can develop in-transit metastases (ITM), most often localized to limbs. For patients with uveal melanoma that develop metastatic disease, the overall majority develop isolated liver metastases. For these types of metastases, regional cancer therapies have evolved as effective treatments. Isolated limb perfusion (ILP), isolated limb infusion (ILI), isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) and percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP) achieve a high local concentration of chemotherapy with minimal systemic exposure. This review discusses the mechanism and available literature on locoregional treatment modalities in the era of modern immunotherapy.
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| 32. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
-
To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 33. |
- Lappa, Dimitra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Self-organized metabotyping of obese individuals identifies clusters responding differently to bariatric surgery
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 18:3, s. e0279335-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weight loss through bariatric surgery is efficient for treatment or prevention of obesity related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Long term weight loss response does, however, vary among patients undergoing surgery. Thus, it is difficult to identify predictive markers while most obese individuals have one or more comorbidities. To overcome such challenges, an in-depth multiple omics analyses including fasting peripheral plasma metabolome, fecal metagenome as well as liver, jejunum, and adipose tissue transcriptome were performed for 106 individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. Machine leaning was applied to explore the metabolic differences in individuals and evaluate if metabolism-based patients' stratification is related to their weight loss responses to bariatric surgery. Using Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) to analyze the plasma metabolome, we identified five distinct metabotypes, which were differentially enriched for KEGG pathways related to immune functions, fatty acid metabolism, protein-signaling, and obesity pathogenesis. The gut metagenome of the most heavily medicated metabotypes, treated simultaneously for multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities, was significantly enriched in Prevotella and Lactobacillus species. This unbiased stratification into SOM-defined metabotypes identified signatures for each metabolic phenotype and we found that the different metabotypes respond differently to bariatric surgery in terms of weight loss after 12 months. An integrative framework that utilizes SOMs and omics integration was developed for stratifying a heterogeneous bariatric surgery cohort. The multiple omics datasets described in this study reveal that the metabotypes are characterized by a concrete metabolic status and different responses in weight loss and adipose tissue reduction over time. Our study thus opens a path to enable patient stratification and hereby allow for improved clinical treatments.
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| 34. |
- Lindberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Expanded HILUS Trial: A Pooled Analysis of Risk Factors for Toxicity From Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Central and Ultracentral Lung Tumors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 117:5, s. 1222-1231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for tumors near the central airways implies high-grade toxic effects, as concluded from the HILUS trial. However, the small sample size and relatively few events limited the statistical power of the study. We therefore pooled data from the prospective HILUS trial with retrospective data from patients in the Nordic countries treated outside the prospective study to evaluate toxicity and risk factors for high-grade toxic effects. Methods and Materials: All patients were treated with 56 Gy in 8 fractions. Tumors within 2 cm of the trachea, the mainstem bronchi, the intermediate bronchus, or the lobar bronchi were included. The primary endpoint was toxicity, and the secondary endpoints were local control and overall survival. Clinical and dosimetric risk factors were analyzed for treatment-related fatal toxicity in univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses.Results: Of 230 patients evaluated, grade 5 toxicity developed in 30 patients (13%), of whom 20 patients had fatal bronchopul-monary bleeding. The multivariable analysis revealed tumor compression of the tracheobronchial tree and maximum dose to the mainstem or intermediate bronchus as significant risk factors for grade 5 bleeding and grade 5 toxicity. The 3-year local control and overall survival rates were 84% (95% CI, 80%-90%) and 40% (95% CI, 34%-47%), respectively.Conclusions: Tumor compression of the tracheobronchial tree and high maximum dose to the mainstem or intermediate bronchus increase the risk of fatal toxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy in 8 fractions for central lung tumors. Simi-lar dose constraints should be applied to the intermediate bronchus as to the mainstem bronchi.
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| 35. |
- Lindén, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Circum-Arctic distribution of chemical anti-herbivore compounds suggests biome-wide trade-off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; :11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top–down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non-resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the circum-Arctic variation in defence compounds is explained by taxa or defence functional groups (resinous/non-resinous). We measured circum-Arctic chemical defence and leaf digestibility in resinous (Betula glandulosa, B. nana ssp. exilis) and non-resinous (B. nana ssp. nana, B. pumila) shrub birches to see how they vary among and within taxa and functional groups. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomic analyses and in vitro leaf digestibility via incubation in cattle rumen fluid, we analysed defence composition and leaf digestibility in 128 samples from 44 tundra locations.We found biogeographical patterns in anti-herbivore defence where mean leaf triterpene concentrations and twig resin gland density were greater in resinous taxa and mean concentrations of condensing tannins were greater in non-resinous taxa. This indicates a biome-wide trade-off between triterpene- or tannin-dominated defences. However, we also found variations in chemical defence composition and resin gland density both within and among functional groups (resinous/non-resinous) and taxa, suggesting these categorisations only partly predict chemical herbivore defence. Complex tannins were the only defence compounds negatively related to in vitro digestibility, identifying this previously neglected tannin group as having a potential key role in birch anti-herbivore defence.We conclude that circum-Arctic variation in birch anti-herbivore defence can be partly derived from biogeographical distributions of birch taxa, although our detailed mapping of plant defence provides more information on this variation and can be used for better predictions of herbivore effects on Arctic vegetation.
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| 36. |
- Lundman, Josef A., et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of gradient field nonlinearity distortions in MRI-based attenuation maps for PET reconstruction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physica medica (Testo stampato). - : Elsevier Sci Ltd. - 1120-1797 .- 1724-191X. ; 35, s. 1-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Attenuation correction is a requirement for quantification of the activity distribution in PET. The need to base attenuation correction on MRI instead of CT has arisen with the introduction of integrated PET/MRI systems. The aim was to describe the effect of residual gradient field nonlinearity distortions on PET attenuation correction. Methods: MRI distortions caused by gradient field nonlinearity were simulated in CT images used for attenuation correction in PET reconstructions. The simulations yielded radial distortion of up to +/- 2: 3 mm at 15 cm from the scanner isocentre for distortion corrected images. The mean radial distortion of uncorrected images were 6.3 mm at the same distance. Reconstructions of PET data were performed using the distortion corrected images as well as the images where no correction had been applied. Results: The mean relative difference in reconstructed PET uptake intensity due to incomplete distortion correction was less than +/- 5%. The magnitude of this difference varied between patients and the size of the distortions remaining after distortion correction. Conclusions: Radial distortions of 2 mm at 15 cm radius from the scanner isocentre lead to PET attenuation correction errors smaller than 5%. Keeping the gradient field nonlinearity distortions below this limit can be a reasonable goal for MRI systems used for attenuation correction in PET for quantification purposes. A higher geometrical accuracy may, however, be warranted for quantification of peripheral lesions. These distortions can, e.g., be controlled at acceptance testing and subsequent quality assurance intervals.
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| 37. |
- Lundman, Josef, 1985-
(författare)
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Geometric distortions in MRI based radiotherapy and PET/MRI
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers high soft-tissue contrast compared to computed tomography (CT). This contrast is helpful in many cases, not least for delineating tumours for radiotherapy treatment, and has led to increasing use in radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP).When RTP is based on CT images, the treatment planning system can get the approximate electron density of the tissues from the electron density equivalent information that constitutes the CT images. This information is needed to calculate the dose to the patient from radiotherapy. Therefore, for an MR-only workflow, the MRI image must be transformed into information that can yield electron density information. The predominant way is to convert the MRI images into CT-like images, also known as substitute CT (sCT).Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can benefit from being combined with anatomical imaging, and the PET/CT hybrid machine is well established. The soft tissue contrast properties of the MRI images are also valuable for a PET/MRI hybrid system. However, it also adds the option for simultaneous acquisition of PET and anatomical (MRI) images which is not feasible with CT images for a PET/CT system. However, the PET/MRI combination is more technically challenging. While most of the concerns have been solved or mitigated, and PET/MRI systems have been commercially available for some years, there are still outstanding issues. The attenuation maps used in the reconstruction of PET acquisitions are one of the concerns that have yet to be solved entirely. These attenuation maps in the PET/MRI systems are approximations where, e.g., bone is not fully accounted for in all parts of the body.The MRI images suffer from geometric distortions dependent on the MRI scanner as well as the imaged patient itself. These distortions can affect the sCT conversion for RTP and the attenuation maps for PET reconstruction.This thesis aimed to investigate the size of the geometric MRI distortions for different settings on the MRI scanner and their effect on the resulting RTP and reconstructed PET images. Such information can aid in optimising the MRI imaging for different purposes. It can also give some information needed to determine tests to run in a quality assurance (QA) regime.In Paper I, we studied the machine-dependent MRI gradient-field nonlinearity distortions and their effect on PET reconstruction. We simulated different levels of incomplete corrections for gradient-field nonlinearities in CT images from PET/CT acquisitions. The resulting distorted images were then used for rerunning the reconstruction of PET data, and the effect on reconstructed standardised uptake value (SUV) was studied. We found that residual gradient-field nonlinearity dependent geometrical distortions of ±2.3 mm at 15 cm radius from the scanner isocenter lead to SUV quantification errors below 5%. This is also below the test-retest variability caused by instrumentation and intra-patient factors for PET/CT systems.In Paper II, we developed a method for simulating the patient-induced susceptibility effect based on CT images. The method consisted of converting the CT images to magnetic susceptibility maps. These magnetic susceptibility maps were then used in the simulation by calculating the local shifts in the main magnetic field (B0). From these local shifts in B0, a displacement map was calculated, and this was, in turn, applied to the original CT images. The simulation was validated through comparisons between the simulation and analytical results for both a homogeneous sphere and a homogeneous cylinder. This method was tested on a set of eight prostate cancer patients. We found that setting the frequency encoding bandwidth to a minimum of twice the water-fat shift would keep the maximum distortion from the patient-induced susceptibility effect below 1 pixel. However, the required frequency encoding bandwidth was shown to be dependent on the imaged area, and lower bandwidth could, e.g., be used for the pelvic area.The simulation method from Paper II was then used in Paper III, where we investigated the dosimetric impact of residual MRI system distortions, patient-induced susceptibility effects and patient-specific shimming. The latter was simulated using an in-house Matlab algorithm. The residual system distortions were determined using phantom measurements. These distortions were then combined with a simulated patient-induced susceptibility effect and patient-specific shimming. The combined distortions and patient-specific shimming were then applied to patient CT images. The distorted patient images were then used for RTP, and the resulting treatment plan was transferred to the original patient CT datasets and recalculated. This allowed for isolating the effect of the applied distortions on the dose distribution. We concluded that the dosimetric impact of MRI distortions within the target volume and nearby organs at risk is small for high bandwidth spin echo sequences. We also saw a worsening in field variations for the user-defined region ofinterest shimming.Paper IV presented a proof of concept for patient-specific QA of sCTs and attenuation maps. In this study, we compared measured B0-maps with ones simulated using Paper II’s method. The simulations were based on sCT images from MRI acquisitions from the same imaging session as the measured B0-maps. This method shows potential for identifying errors or problematic areas of sCTs and attenuation maps. It should also be feasible to make the method fast enough to use while the patient is still in the scanner so that images could be retaken without having to recall thepatient if a problem is detected.This work has contributed to the knowledge and methods needed for the necessary considerations for optimisation and setting up a QA protocol aimed at PET/MRI and MR-only radiotherapy.
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| 38. |
- MacDougall, Andrew S., et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of the distribution and phenology of Arctic Mountain plants between the early 20th and 21st centuries
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 27:20, s. 5070-5083
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic plants are adapted to climatic variability, but their long-term responses to warming remain unclear. Responses may occur by range shifts, phenological adjustments in growth and reproduction, or both. Here, we compare distribution and phenology of 83 arctic and boreal mountain species, sampled identically in the early 20th (1917-1919) and 21st centuries (2017-2018) from a region of northern Sweden that has warmed significantly. We test two compensatory hypotheses to high-latitude warming-upward shifts in distribution, and earlier or extended growth and reproduction. For distribution, we show dramatic upward migration by 69% of species, averaging 6.1 m per decade, especially boreal woodland taxa whose upward expansion has reduced arctic montane habitat by 30%. Twenty percent of summit species showed distributional shifts but downward, especially moisture-associated snowbed flora. For phenology, we detected wide inter-annual variability in the onset of leafing and flowering in both eras. However, there was no detectable change in growing-season length, relating to two mechanisms. First, plot-level snow melt data starting in 1917 demonstrated that melt date, rather than vernal temperatures, better predicts plant emergence, with snow melt influenced by warmer years having greater snowfall-warmer springs did not always result in earlier emergence because snowbeds can persist longer. Second, the onset of reproductive senescence between eras was similar, even when plant emergence was earlier by a month, possibly due to intensified summer heat stress or hard-wired 'canalization' where senescence occurs regardless of summer temperature. Migrations in this system have possibly buffered arctic species against displacement by boreal expansion and warming, but ongoing temperature increases, woody plant invasion, and a potential lack of flexibility in timing of senescence may foreshadow challenges.
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| 39. |
- Mellström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction : Masculinities, gender equality, crisis management and the rescue services: Contested terrains and challenges
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Masculinities, Gender Equality and Crisis Management. - London : Routledge. - 9781317099918 - 9781472477095 ; , s. 1-16
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this introduction we provide an overview of research on gender issues in the rescue services in combination with introducing the different contributions in this book. The overview is primarily concerned with three national contexts, the US, the UK and Sweden, and we focus on the most prevalent themes in the literature as well as pointing out under-researched areas. The empirical contributions in this volume draw on empirical work from Sweden, the UK and Denmark.
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| 40. |
- Mellström, Ulf, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction: Masculinities, Gender Equality, Crisis Management and the Rescue Services: Contested Terrains and Challenges
- 2016. - 1
-
Ingår i: Masculinities, Gender Equality and Crisis Management. - London : Routledge. - 9781472477095 ; , s. 1-16
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this introduction we provide an overview of research on gender issues in the rescue services in combination with introducing the different contributions in this book. The overview is primarily concerned with three national contexts; the U.S., the U.K. and Sweden, and we focus on the most prevalent themes in the literature as well as pointing out under-researched areas. The empirical contributions in this volume draw on empirical work from Sweden, the U.K. and Denmark. Our aim in this book is to show how the rescue services constitutes a fertile ground for epistemological and methodological concerns in contemporary gender studies, including feminist theory, masculinity and sexuality studies. We also believe that the critical perspective offered by interdisciplinary gender studies can provide new perspectives on emergency work and crisis management in a broader sense.As this area of research is still in an early stage, and this book is (to our knowledge) the first collected volume dealing with gender and rescue services, we also want to introduce prevalent themes in the academic literature as well as pointing out neglected areas.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 43. |
- Myers-Smith, Isla H., et al.
(författare)
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Complexity revealed in the greening of the Arctic
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 10:2, s. 106-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread greening at high latitudes. This ‘greening of the Arctic’ is among the world’s most important large-scale ecological responses to global climate change. However, a consensus is emerging that the underlying causes and future dynamics of so-called Arctic greening and browning trends are more complex, variable and inherently scale-dependent than previously thought. Here we summarize the complexities of observing and interpreting high-latitude greening to identify priorities for future research. Incorporating satellite and proximal remote sensing with in-situ data, while accounting for uncertainties and scale issues, will advance the study of past, present and future Arctic vegetation change.
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| 44. |
- Myhre, Susanna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased immune reactivity towards a knobless, affibody-targeted adenovirus type 5 vector
- 2007
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Ingår i: Gene Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-7128 .- 1476-5462. ; 14:4, s. 376-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a prototype Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector deleted of the fiber knob domain and carrying an Affibody molecule as the targeting ligand showed decreased susceptibility to human pre-existing antibodies. This vector, Ad5/R7-Z(taq)Z(taq), has short fibers carrying seven shaft repeats, a non-native trimerization signal and an affibody molecule (Z(taq)) reactive to Taq polymerase. Ad5/R7-Z(taq)Z(taq) could be specifically targeted to 293 cells stably expressing membrane-bound anti-Z(taq) idiotypic affibody called Z(ztaq) (293Z(ztaq)). Sera from 50 blood donors were analyzed for neutralization activity (NA) against the parental Ad5/Fiwt vector and knobless Ad5/R7-Z(taq)Z(taq) on 293Z(ztaq) cells. Twenty-three sera had NA titers (>= 1:64) against Ad5/Fiwt (46%) and only two against Ad5/R7-Z(taq)Z(taq) (4%). Characterization of sera with NA titers showed that the knob domain is one of the targets of the antibodies. Neutralization assays using sera pre-adsorbed on knob and hexon proteins showed that the NA of the sera was carried mainly by anti-knob and anti-hexon antibodies, but in certain sera the anti-hexon antibodies represent the major population of the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Our results suggested that a combination of knob deletion and hexon switching could be an effective strategy for Ad vectors to better evade the anti-Ad NAbs.
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| 45. |
- Olofsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Perspectives on music therapy in adult cancer care : a hermeneutic study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Oncology Nursing Forum. - 1538-0688. ; 36:4, s. E223-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore perspectives on music therapy as a nursing intervention in adult cancer care and to expand and integrate knowledge and understanding about music therapy as an adjunctive intervention in adult cancer nursing care. DATA SOURCES: Published nursing articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Medical and nursing journals have reported on research related to music and its effect as a nursing intervention. However, this research often lacks a musical context (i.e., knowledge and understanding from a musical perspective). CONCLUSIONS: Music therapy is not a consistent concept. Perspectives on the meanings of music therapy vary according to knowledge and scientific orientation. The perspective may influence the character and methodology of the music therapy intervention as well as the understanding of its results. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: To fully develop music therapy as an adjunct intervention in adult cancer care, interdisciplinary cooperation between nurses and music therapists should be supported on clinical and educational levels.
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| 46. |
- Olofsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of treatment with natalizumab on ability to work in people with multiple sclerosis : productivity gain based on direct measurement of work capacity before and after 1 year of treatment
- 2011
-
Ingår i: BioDrugs. - Auckland : ADIS International. - 1173-8804 .- 1179-190X. ; 25:5, s. 299-306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sweden is a high endemic region for multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurologic disorder characterized by repeated inflammatory episodes affecting the CNS. The disease has its peak age of onset at approximately 30 years and affects women twice as often as men. The young age of onset makes MS one of the major causes of reduced capacity to work due to neurologic disease in Western society. Natalizumab (Tysabri(R)) is among the new generation of biologic drugs for the treatment of MS. Clinical studies have demonstrated that natalizumab is an effective treatment for preventing relapses and inflammatory activity.Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the monetary value of treatment with natalizumab on the ability to work in patients with MS in Sweden, based on a direct measurement of weekly hours worked before and after 1 year of treatment with natalizumab.Methods: A sample of patients, consisting of all patients who had started treatment with natalizumab during the period June 2007 May 2008, was identified through the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Register (SMSreg). Data about sex, age, disease severity, and disease duration were collected from the register. Data about type of work and work capacity (number of hours worked per week) were collected retrospectively through a postal questionnaire. The average hours worked per week was estimated at baseline (2 weeks before treatment started) and at follow-up (50 weeks after treatment started), and the change was assigned an economic value using the human capital approach.Results: This study showed that after 50 weeks of treatment with natalizumab, people with MS increased their productivity by 3.3 hours per week on average (p<0.01), which corresponded to an economic value of 3216 per person per year (year 2007 values). A shorter duration of illness or being 25-35 years old was significantly associated with a greater productivity gain (p = 0.025 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: A shorter duration of illness and a lower age at the start of treatment were significantly associated with a greater productivity gain after 50 weeks of treatment with natalizumab, which indicates that it is more beneficial to initiate efficient therapy early in patients with MS.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Ringvall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Defective heparan sulfate biosynthesis and neonatal lethality in mice lacking N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 275:34, s. 25926-25930
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heparan sulfate is a sulfated polysaccharide present on most cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. In vivo functions of heparan sulfate can be studied in mouse strains lacking enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. Glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-suLfotransferase (NDST) catalyzes the first modifying step in the biosynthesis of the polysaccharide. This bifunctional enzyme occurs in several isoforms. We here report that targeted gene disruption of NDST-1 in the mouse results in a structural alteration of heparan sulfate in most basement membranes as revealed by immunohistochemical staining of fetal tissue sections using antibodies raised against heparan sulfate. Biochemical analysis of heparan sulfate purified from fibroblast cultures, lung, and liver of NDST-1-deficient embryos demonstrated a dramatic reduction in N-sulfate content. Most NDST-1-deficient embryos survive until birth; however, they turn out to be cyanotic and die neonatally in a condition resembling respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, a minor proportion of NDST-1 deficient embryos die during the embryonic period. The cause of the embryonic lethality is still obscure, but incompletely penetrant defects of the skull and the eyes have been observed.
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| 49. |
- Stridfeldt, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis, Characterization and Unusual Reactivity of Vinylbenziodoxolones-Novel Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 22:45, s. 16066-16070
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel type of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents, vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX), has been synthesized in a one-pot reaction from 2-iodobenzoic acid. VBX is bench stable, has been thoroughly characterized and the cyclic structure is supported by X-ray analysis. The reactivity of VBX was investigated in vinylation of nitrocyclohexane, and delivered vinylated products with opposite regioselectivity compared to acyclic vinyl(aryl) iodonium salts. The reagents could become a powerful tool in vinylation reactions under both metal-free and metal-catalyzed conditions.
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| 50. |
- Thomas, H. J. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
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