| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Lundh, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional Wages in Sweden 1860-1914
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Wage Formation, Labour Market Institutions and Economic Transformation in Sweden 1860-2000. ; 32
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 4. |
- Anderson, Helén, et al.
(författare)
-
Skapa kundnärvaro i innovationsprocessen
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Innovationsförmåga. - Malmö : Holmbergs i Malmö AB. - 9789197785204 ; , s. 40-59
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
-
Disease burden and unmet need for acute allergic reactions - A patient perspective
- 2024
-
Ingår i: World Allergy Organization Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1939-4551. ; 17:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute allergic reactions (AARs) occur shortly after exposure to an allergen, and the severity is on a continuum. Systemic corticosteroids (CS) are mainstay treatment of moderate to severe AARs, whereas those at risk of the most severe AARs (ie, anaphylaxis) are also recommended prescription of epinephrine autoinjectors. There is limited research on the impact of AARs not fulfilling the criteria for anaphylaxis. We have characterized a sample with a history of moderate to severe AARs and evaluated their self-reported disease burden (ie, daily life impact, anxiety, and treatment impediments).Methods: Survey study of adults with experience of AARs treated with CS. Participants recruited from a web-based panel and using social media were asked to complete a questionnaire related to their allergy and experience of AARs. The results were summarized for the whole sample and across subgroups with and without prescription of epinephrine.Results: The final study sample included 387 participants (80% women, mean age 41), of which 129 (33%) had at some point been prescribed epinephrine. The most common symptoms were respiratory (80%) and skin (78%) manifestations, and the mean (standard deviation, SD) self-rated severity score (scale from 0 [very mild] to 10 [very severe]) of the most recent AAR was 6.1 (2.0). More than 80% had experience of AARs interrupting daily activities and 50% of AARs that had limited work/studies or participation in leisure activities. Most of the respondents reported some degree of anxiety related to AARs and 43% had feared for their lives. Moreover, difficulties swallowing allergy medicine at an AAR was experienced by 26% and not having the medicine available when needed by 66%. Participants with prescription of epinephrine experienced more severe AARs than those without such prescription (mean [SD] severity 6.8 [2.1] vs 5.8 [1.8], p < 0.0001); however, also those without epinephrine prescription reported considerable anxiety and impact on daily life and to a similar degree as those with prescription.Conclusions: In this sample, subjects with experience of AARs treated with CS showed a considerable disease burden with anxiety and interruption on daily life, as well as problems related to access to, and swallowing of, medication. Although respondents with epinephrine prescription had more severe disease, a high disease burden was also evident among those without epinephrine. The study increases the knowledge of people with moderate to severe AARs, a patient population that has previously been underrepresented in the research literature.
|
|
| 7. |
- Berger, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Ecological Constraints on Female Fitness in a Phytophagous Insect
- 2012
-
Ingår i: American Naturalist. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0003-0147 .- 1537-5323. ; 180:4, s. 464-480
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although understanding female reproduction is crucial for population demography, determining how and to what relative extent it is constrained by different ecological factors is complicated by difficulties in studying the links between individual behavior, life history, and fitness in nature. We present data on females in a natural population of the butterfly Leptidea sinapis. These data were combined with climate records and laboratory estimates of life-history parameters to predict the relative impact of different ecological constraints on female fitness in the wild. Using simulation models, we partitioned effects of male courtship, host plant availability, and temperature on female fitness. Results of these models indicate that temperature is the most constraining factor on female fitness, followed by host plant availability; the short-term negative effects of male courtship that were detected in the field study were less important in models predicting female reproductive success over the entire life span. In the simulations, females with more reproductive reserves were more limited by the ecological variables. Reproductive physiology and egg-laying behavior were therefore predicted to be co-optimized but reach different optima for females of different body sizes; this prediction is supported by the empirical data. This study thus highlights the need for studying behavioral and life-history variation in orchestration to achieve a more complete picture of both demographic and evolutionary processes in naturally variable and unpredictable environments.
|
|
| 8. |
- Berger, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Intraspecific variation in body size and the rate of reproduction in female insects- adaptive allometry or biophysical constraint?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 81:6, s. 1244-1258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. A high rate of reproduction may be costly if ecological factors limit immediate reproductive output as a fast metabolism compromises own future survival. Individuals with more reserves need more time and opportunity to realize their reproductive potential. Theory therefore predicts that the reproductive rate, defined as the investment in early reproduction in proportion to total potential, should decrease with body size within species. 2. However, metabolic constraints on body size- and temperature-dependent biological rates may impede biophysical adaptation. Furthermore, the sequential manner resources that are allocated to somatic vs. reproductive tissue during ontogeny may, when juveniles develop in unpredictable environments, further contribute to non-adaptive variation in adult reproductive rates. 3. With a model on female egg laying in insects, we demonstrate how variation in body reserves is predicted to affect reproductive rate under different ecological scenarios. Small females always have higher reproductive rates but shorter lifespans. However, incorporation of female host selectivity leads to more similar reproductive rates among female size classes, and oviposition behaviour is predicted to co-evolve with reproductive rate, resulting in small females being more selective in their choice and gaining relatively more from it. 4. We fed simulations with data on the butterfly Pararge aegeria to compare model predictions with reproductive rates of wild butterflies. However, simulated reproductive allometry was a poor predictor of that observed. Instead, reproductive rates were better explained as a product of metabolic constraints on rates of egg maturation, and an empirically derived positive allometry between reproductive potential and size. However, fitness is insensitive to moderate deviations in reproductive rate when oviposition behaviour is allowed to co-evolve in the simulations, suggesting that behavioural compensation may mitigate putative metabolic and developmental constraints. 5. More work is needed to understand how physiology and development together with compensatory behaviours interact in shaping reproductive allometry. Empirical studies should evaluate adaptive hypotheses against proper null hypotheses, including prediction from metabolic theory, preferentially by studying reproductive physiology in combination with behaviour. Conversely, inferences of constraint explanations on reproductive rates must take into consideration that adaptive scenarios may predict similar allometric exponents.
|
|
| 9. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Control aversion and the search for external financing in Swedish SMEs
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 15:3, s. 233-242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discussion on growth (see Storey, 1997) and control aversion (Cressy, 1995; Chittenden et al., 1996; Cressy and Olofsson, 1996) in small and medium sized firms has been attracting an increasing amount of attention. Our purpose in this article is to identify under what circumstances small and medium sized firms are prepared to accept outside control in the business firm in order to grow. In the article it is argued that technology development, financial strength, size and perceived need to grow, change firms attitudes towards external financiers. The change in attitude towards more openness eventually leads to an actual behaviour where the principals choose to apply for external finance in the form of bank loans. A linear structural equation modelling program, LISREL, is used to analyse a sample of 281 Swedish firms. The firms all have less than 200 employees, and the sample includes both manufacturing and service firms.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Do too many cooks spoil the broth? : The effect of syndication on the performance of venture capitalists' portfolio firms in Sweden
- 2006
-
Ingår i: AGSE 2006. - : Swinburne University of Technology. ; , s. 778-779
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature surrounding venture capital firms' relations to their portfolio firms is vast, but tend to focus primarily on the relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs from the venture capitalists' perspective. Many studies focus on how the venture capitalists need to control their investment. It is often implied that venture capitalists are beneficial to the firms in which they invest. In several studies it has been suggested that venture capitalist add value to their portfolio firms by providing capital as well as competence in form of advice and improved routines to the portfolio firm. Many researchers seem to assume that venture capital firms' advices to portfolio firms are always relevant and useful. Governments and government agencies also tend to unconditionally support the venture capital industry as being crucial providers of venture creation. As Sweden has targeted science-related ventures as being of prime importance to the growth of the Swedish economy, venture capital provision has been placed in the forefront of likely contributors to venture growth in that particular field. Not all entrepreneurs seem equally impressed by contributions made by venture capitalists. Case research provides evidence of venture capitalists having a short term focus, lack of patience with investments and above all, being unable to provide adequate support in terms of contributions aimed at enhancing ventures abilities to market their products. According to these studies there seems to be indications that venture capital may not be as beneficial to venture growth as has been previously reported.
|
|
| 13. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of syndication on the performance of venture capitalists portfolio firms: The Swedish case
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of International Finance and Economics. - 1555-6336 .- 2378-864X. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of 154 investments made by Swedish and international venture capital firms in Sweden. The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether the syndicated investments outperformed the non-syndicated investments in terms of growth and survival. The results show that the syndicated investments targeted different industries, primarily biotechnology and information and communications technology (ICT). The non-syndicated investments were to a larger extent made in mature firms in low-tech industries, such as traditional manufacturing and retail. Furthermore, the survival rate among the syndicated investments was significantly lower than the non-syndicated investments. This difference in survival rate is partly dependent upon the greater risk associated with investments in younger firms in rapidly growing industries. The managerial implication is that syndication is the means by which venture capital invests during the early stages of knowledge-based firms, thus making syndication between venture capitalists of primary concern for policy-making purposes.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Financing SMEs in different stages of the business cycle : Analyzing the financial search activity of Swedish SMEs between 1991 and 2000
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International AGSE Entrepreneurship Research Exchange. - 9780980332858 ; , s. 309-323
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we analyse the financial search behaviour of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sweden over a ten-year period, 1991-2000. We use a cluster analysis based on the level of control aversion that the entrepreneurs display, and arrive at a four-cluster solution. The results show that when the economy turns down, entrepreneurs are forced to be more active in searching for additional sources of finance. When the economy recovers, the control aversive entrepreneurs reduce their efforts in trying to get external financing. We can also see the SMEs in rural areas have greater difficulties in attracting external financing.
|
|
| 16. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth and Financing in Swedish SMEs
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Tillväxtföretagen i Sverige. - : SNS förlag. - 9171508376 ; , s. 250-271
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Syndication in the venture capital industry during different stages of the business cycle
- 2005
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we describe and analyse the development of the Swedish venture capital industryand its syndication pattern during the years 1996–2004. These nine years can be divided intothree different stages in the business cycle. The period from 1996-1998 is considered to be aperiod of moderate growth, where the Swedish economy and capital market was stillrecovering from the crisis in the early 1990s. The level of investment and syndication wasrelatively low in comparison with the following years and the primary reason for syndicationwas that of sharing risks. In the overheated Swedish economy between 1999 and 2001 supplyof capital to early stage investments were plentiful and new venture capital firms entered themarket every month. Since capital was plentiful the investors was in constant search for newventures to invest in which made it easy for venture capitalists to find syndication partners fortheir second round financing at a good valuation. After the drastic downturn in the venturecapital industry in 2001 the level of investments was relatively low during 2002–2004. In all,the total number of investment during the period 2002–2004 was lower than during 2001.Furthermore, the investments during this period were to a large extent in the form ofsyndication. During the shake out period, the survivors of the industry were more prone to do first round syndications again. The sharing of monitoring costs and risk sharing were the mostcommon reasons for syndication in this period.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of business cycles on entrepreneurial control aversion and the search for external financing in SMEs
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Business Strategy. - 1553-9563. ; 9:2, s. 33-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes how different stages of the business cycle influence of level of control aversion displayed by entrepreneurs and how a changing economic climate affects financial search activity among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By using empirical data from three postal surveys, we analyze the financial search behavior of SMEs in Sweden of a ten-year period, 1991-200. We use a cluster analysis based on the level of control aversion displayed by the entrepreneurs and arrive at a four-cluster solution. The results show that when the economy turns downward, entrepreneurs are forced to become more active in searching for additional sources of finance. When the economy recovers, the control-averse entrepreneurs reduce their efforts in trying to obtain external financing. We also find that SMEs in rural areas have greater difficulties in attracting external financing than do SMEs in metropolitan areas. It might not be possible to generalize this study to other settings because it is based on the Swedish cultural and legal context. Nevertheless, we believe that the situation faced by entrepreneurs in different stages of the business cycle is fundamentally the same, irrespective of context. This study provides evidence that policymakers need to take into account the comparative advantages and roles of various financiers in the financial infrastructure surrounding SMEs. This paper fulfills an important role in analyzing the effect of a changing economic climate on the level of control aversion among entrepreneurs.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tillväxt och finansiering i mindre företag
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Tillväxtföretagen i Sverige. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9171508376 ; , s. 250-271
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 31. |
- Bergman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Contest outcome in a territorial butterfly : the role of motivation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 277:1696, s. 3027-3033
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many butterfly species, males compete over areas advantageous for encountering females. Rules for contest settlement are, however, largely unknown and neither morphological nor physiological traits can reliably predict the contest outcome. Here, we test the hypothesis that contests are settled in accordance with a motivation asymmetry. We staged contests between males of Pararge aegeria and after removing the resident, the non-resident was allowed (i) either to interact with a non-receptive female for 30 min (n = 30) or (ii) to spend 30 min alone in the cage (n = 30), after which the initial resident was reintroduced. The results show that males that had interacted with a female had a higher probability of becoming dominant and reversing contest outcome. Moreover, males that were faster to take over a vacant territory when the resident was removed were more likely to become dominant. Here, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that frequent encounters with a mated female can increase male motivation to persist in a territorial contest in a butterfly. Further, we suggest that variation in intrinsic motivation reflects male eagerness to take over vacant territory. This study indicates that variation in resource value and motivational asymmetries are important for settling contests in butterflies.
|
|
| 32. |
- Bergman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Mating success of resident versus non-resident males in a territorial butterfly
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 274:1618, s. 1659-1665
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male–male competition over territorial ownership suggests that winning is associated with considerable benefits. In the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria, males fight over sunspot territories on the forest floor; winners gain sole residency of a sunspot, whereas losers patrol the forest in search of females. It is currently not known whether residents experience greater mating success than nonresidents, or whether mating success is contingent on environmental conditions. Here we performed an experiment in which virgin females of P. aegeria were allowed to choose between a resident and a nonresident male in a large enclosure containing one territorial sunspot. Resident males achieved approximately twice as many matings as non-residents, primarily because matings were most often preceded by a female being discovered when flying through a sunspot. There was no evidence that territorial residents were more attractive per se, with females seen to reject them as often as nonresidents. Furthermore, in the cases where females were discovered outside of the sunspot, they were just as likely to mate with non-residents as residents. We hypothesize that the proximate advantage of territory ownership is that light conditions in a large sunspot greatly increase the male’s ability to detect and intercept passing receptive females.
|
|
| 33. |
- Björn Milrad, Marianne
(författare)
-
Studenter med läs- och skrivsvårigheter som deltagare i högre utbildning
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emphasis on higher education (HE) in today’s knowledge society has increasedthe amount of students enrolled in universities in Sweden. Two percentof these students are people with disabilities, of whom more than half are studentswith dyslexia. Dyslexia is a disability that involves difficulty with writtentext which is the essence of HE. The disability affects these students’ readingand my assumption was therefore that their possibility to complete their educationon an equal footing with their peers was limited.The overall aim of this thesis is to illuminate the prerequisites for participationfor Swedish students with dyslexia in higher education, and to analyse if support,and information about support, offered by higher-education institutionsare accessible to them. Due to lack of previous research, this is a descriptivestudy using the theoretical framework of cultural-historical activity theory(CHAT), a theory that can be summarized in five principles: an activity systemis the unit of analysis, it has historicity, multi-voicedness, it views contradictionsas sources of change, and it has the potential for expansive transformation.To orient myself within the large field of HE and dyslexia, the following questionshave guided my work: What HE measures are taken to ensure accessibilityand participation for Swedish students with dyslexia? What tensions, as definedwithin CHAT, may be found in the HE activities in relation to studentswith dyslexia? How do students with dyslexia regard the support offered? Inorder to answer these questions, I have listened to some of the voices withinHE, by collecting data through a questionnaire sent to all coordinators for studentswith disabilities; by having focus group interviews with university teachers,as well as having individual interviews with students with dyslexia. Thedata were collected and analysed within a CHAT activity system, which depictedHE activities by coordinators and teachers in relation to students withdyslexia. The graph was used in the final discussion to formulate some ideas forexpansive transformation.
|
|
| 34. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
-
Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic : complex processes and multiple drivers
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 368:1624
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.
|
|
| 35. |
- Carlsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
The evolving domain of entrepreneurship research
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 41:4, s. 913-930
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on entrepreneurship has flourished in recent years and is evolving rapidly. This article explores the history of entrepreneurship research, how the research domain has evolved, and its current status as an academic field. The need to concretize these issues stems partly from a general interest in defining the current research domain and partly from the more specific tasks confronting the prize committee of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship has developed in many sub-fields within several disciplines-primarily economics, management/business administration, sociology, psychology, economic and cultural anthropology, business history, strategy, marketing, finance, and geography-representing a variety of research traditions, perspectives, and methods. We present an analytical framework that organizes our thinking about the domain of entrepreneurship research by specifying elements, levels of analysis, and the process/context. An overview is provided of where the field stands today and how it is positioned relative to the existing disciplines and new research fields upon which it draws. Areas needed for future progress are highlighted, particularly the need for a rigorous dynamic theory of entrepreneurship that relates entrepreneurial activity to economic growth and human welfare. Moreover, applied work based on more careful design as well as on theoretical models yielding more credible and robust estimates seems also highly warranted.
|
|
| 36. |
- Cha, Yingying, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
On particulate emissions from moving trains in a tunnel environment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 59, s. 35-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing attention is being paid to airborne particles in railway environments because of their potential to adversely affect health. In this study, we investigate the contribution of moving trains to both the concentration and size distribution of particles in tunnel environments. Real-time measurements were taken with high time-resolution instruments at a railway station platform in a tunnel in Stockholm in January 2013. The results show that individual trains stopping and starting at the platform substantially elevate the particulate concentrations with a mobility diameter greater than 100 nm. Two size modes of the particulate number concentrations were obtained. A mode of around 170 nm occurs when a train moves, while the other mode peaks at about 30 nm when there is no train in the station. By using principal component analysis (PCA), three contributing sources were identified on the basis of the classification of the sizes of the particles, namely railway-related mechanical wear, suspension due to the movement of trains and sparking of electric-powered components. It is concluded that the particulate matter released by individual moving trains is a key contributor to fine particles (100–500 nm) on the railway platform in a tunnel.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Ferguson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
The Development of New Ventures in Farm Businesses
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in Agriculture and Rural Development. - 9781848446250 ; , s. 21-37
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 39. |
- Fogelström, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Plant-herbivore synchrony and selection on plant flowering phenology
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 98:3, s. 703-711
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporal variation in natural selection has profound effects on the evolutionary trajectories of populations. One potential source of variation in selection is that differences in thermal reaction norms and temperature influence the relative phenology of interacting species. We manipulated the phenology of the butterfly herbivore Anthocharis cardamines relative to genetically identical populations of its host plant, Cardamine pratensis, and examined the effects on butterfly preferences and selection acting on the host plant. We found that butterflies preferred plants at an intermediate flowering stage, regardless of the timing of butterfly flight relative to flowering onset of the population. Consequently, the probability that plant genotypes differing in timing of flowering should experience a butterfly attack depended strongly on relative phenology. These results suggest that differences in spring temperature influence the direction of herbivore-mediated selection on flowering phenology, and that climatic conditions can influence natural selection also when phenotypic preferences remain constant.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Friberg, Magne, et al.
(författare)
-
Habitat choice precedes host plant choice - niche separation in a species pair of a generalist and a specialist butterfly
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Oikos. - Lund : Department of Ecology, Lund university. ; 117:9, s. 1337-1344
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sister species Leptidea reali and L. sinapis have partitioned their niches differently in different parts of their sympatric distribution. In Spain and France L. sinapis is a widespread generalist whereas L. reali is specialized on high altitude open areas. Interestingly, the reverse is true in Ireland and the Czech Republic where L. reali is widespread and L. sinapis specialized on meadows. In Sweden, L. reali is a habitat specialist confined to meadows, whereas L. sinapis is a habitat generalist also inhabiting forests. Ultimately, the geographic mosaic of niche separation is the result of local processes in each contact zone or a secondary effect of the host plant distribution, if L. sinapis and L. reali prefer different legume host plants. Hence, in Sweden L. sinapis might utilize the forest habitat either due to a wider habitat preference or due to a wider host plant preference than L. reali. Studies of wild butterflies showed that L. sinapis laid 26% of their eggs on forest-associated legumes compared to 6% in L. reali, although laboratory experiments showed that both species had virtually identical host plant preferences strongly preferring the meadow-associated legume Lathyrus pratensis. Furthermore, flight duration tests in a variety of temperatures demonstrated a between-species difference; L. sinapis females reached their flight optimum at a lower temperature than L. reali females. The lower L. sinapis flight temperature optimum is most probably a secondary effect due to habitat-specific selection, and therefore a consequence rather than the cause of the habitat partitioning. The finding that habitat choice precedes host plant choice suggests that the European geographic mosaic of niche separation, with L. sinapis and L. reali shifting habitat specialist/generalist roles, is not caused by rigid between-species differences in a related niche parameter, but instead is a result of local processes within each secondary contact zone.
|
|
| 43. |
-
Försäkringsmedicin
- 2013. - 1
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken beskriver centrala försäkringsmedicinska begrepp ur ett både principiellt och kritiskt perspektiv samt ger en överblick över gällande regelverk. I boken framgår hur personförsäkringar utvecklats med tonvikt på svenska förhållanden men här finns även en jämförelse med andra närliggande länder. Försäkringsmedicinens medicinska och juridiska bedömningar belyses liksom dess kopplingar till juridiken och särskilt till skadeståndsrätten. Försäkringarnas innehåll och hur enskilda ärenden handläggs har förändrats varför flera områden, särskilt inom socialförsäkringen, är föremål för diskussion. Boken innehåller en kritisk analys av vissa sådana aspekter, bl.a. olika etiska perspektiv. Regelverken förändras i snabb takt och aktuella regler hämtas i dag framför allt via webben. Boken innehåller de viktigaste reglerna, framför allt inom socialförsäkringen, på en övergripande nivå.Syftet är att ge läsaren en fördjupad förståelse för de medicinska och juridiska principer som är centrala inom försäkringsmedicinen. Den innehåller också en övergripande beskrivning av gällande regelverk i Sverige och vissa andra länder.Boken vänder sig till personer som behöver en fördjupad förståelse för försäkringsmedicinska frågor, t.ex. läkare och annan sjukvårdspersonal, jurister och handläggare av personförsäkringar.
|
|
| 44. |
- Gustafsson, Mats, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Particles in road and railroad tunnel air : sources, properties and abatement measures
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High levels of air pollution are a common problem in both road and railroad tunnels. Sources and emission processes however differ significantly, as reflected by aerosols physical and chemical properties. As particle concentrations and properties affect exposure of and health effects for people on platforms and in vehicles, effective ways to reduce emissions and exposure are important. This study aims to improve the knowledge of the differences between PM10 in the rail and road tunnel environments, their sources and the possibilities to address problems with high particulate levels. Measurement campaigns were carried out at Arlanda Central, a railroad tunnel station below Arlanda airport and in Söderleden road tunnel, a road tunnel in central Stockholm.The results show large differences in concentration levels, size distributions and in composition of the particles. The railroad tunnel aerosol consisted of coarse particles with high iron content, while the properties of the coarse particles in the road tunnel were strongly influenced by whether the road surface was wet or dry. In wet conditions, concentrations were relatively low and iron and sulfur dominating elements, while silicon, potassium, calcium and iron from suspension and road wear dominated during dry conditions. The content of elemental carbon, most likely from the pantograph, were unexpectedly high in the railroad tunnel. An older type of train with a large proportion of mechanical brakes were suggested to be responsible to the main particle emissions in the railway tunnel. The report concludes with a discussion and proposals for action against particle sources in the various underground environments.
|
|
| 45. |
- Hansson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Farmers' motives for diversifying their farm business – The influence of family
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 32, s. 240-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the motives underlying decisions by farmers to start new ventures outside conventional agriculture and assessed the importance of the farm family situation in formulating these motives. The study was based on quantitative data obtained from 309 Swedish farmers who self-reported that they ran other ventures in addition to their agricultural production enterprises. Factor analysis revealed a structure with two underlying motives for starting a venture outside conventional agriculture, namely ‘business development for reasons to reduce risk and to use idle resources' and ‘business development for social and lifestyle reasons'. The factor scores obtained were related to measures of involvement of the farmer's spouse in planning and managing the new venture and the importance of family considerations at a more general level. The results showed that the motives for starting new ventures were dependent on the situation of the farm family, but that the two groups of indicators identified influenced these motives in opposite ways. These findings are of obvious interest for rural development policy makers.
|
|
| 46. |
- Hansson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychological Constructs Underlying Farmers' Decisions to Diversify or Specialise their Businesses - An Application of Theory of Planned Behaviour
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Economics. - : Wiley. - 0021-857X .- 1477-9552. ; 63, s. 465-482
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to explain how underlying psychological constructs influence farmers decisions to extend their farm businesses to income-generating ventures outside conventional agricultural production. The analysis contrasts the influence of psychological constructs on this decision with those on decisions to specialise in a single farm enterprise or to have multiple farm enterprises. This is one of the first studies to introduce psychological constructs into the study of farm diversification. It is based on a sample of 929 Swedish farms participating in the official Swedish Farm Economic Survey. These data are supplemented with a detailed postal questionnaire to the participating farmers, generating a response rate of 73% and an effective sample size of 679 farmers and their businesses. Data are analysed with factor and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results show that psychological constructs in TPB (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) influence farmers decisions regarding the strategy they adopt. Attitude and subjective norm are found to be especially influential in these decisions. Given the prominent role agriculture still has in rural development policy, where the development of new ventures in farm businesses is perceived as the engine for rural economic growth and employment, these findings have clear policy implications.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Hansson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding the diversification and specialization of farm businesses
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Agricultural and Food Science. - : Agricultural and Food Science. - 1459-6067 .- 1795-1895. ; 19, s. 269-283
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the development of farm businesses in Sweden, 2000-2007, with regard to their specialization in single farm enterprises, diversified agricultural production and diversification with new income-generating ventures. Furthermore, regression analysis is used to study the impact of farm characteristics on the observed specialization and diversification. The study is based a panel data set of about 900 farms participating in the Swedish Agricultural Economics Survey. Results show that farms are increasingly engaging in diversified activities, though in most firms these activities make only minor contributions to total revenue. Results also show that the degrees of specialization and diversification are influenced by characteristics of firms' business structure, financial and demographic conditions. These results contribute to the understanding of farm business development, as well as show the need for policy makers and farm advisors to consider the differences between farms pursuing different development strategies in their efforts to influence behavior.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Herkner, Birgitta, 1951-
(författare)
-
Läsutveckling i årskurs 2–6 belyst genom standardiserade test och nationella provet i svenska i årskurs 3
- 2011
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this study is to analyse and describe reading ability from the second to sixth year of schooling in Sweden (ages 8–13). An introductory study presents the pupils’ reading profiles and also the extent to which teaching in reading comprehension is given at their schools. In a second study, the results and effects of the national test in Swedish in grade three (age 9) are studied and compared with other recognised test data on the development of children’s reading. A total of 428 pupils at four schools participated in the study. Each child was tested once a year during two consecutive school years. In addition to collecting results on the national test for all the pupils in their third year, standardised tests of word decoding ability and reading comprehension were administered to all students in the study. A questionnaire dealing with teaching reading and skills development was answered by 23 teachers. The study reveals that there are stronger links between phonological tasks and reading comprehension for pupils in their first three years than for those in years 4–6. The study also shows that the national test identifies some pupils with reading difficulties but not all of them. A number of pupils who have problems with word decoding nevertheless attain the national test threshold for reading comprehension tasks in the third year. There are also pupils who cannot manage the age-adapted reading comprehension tasks but who still pass the national test in their third year. The findings reveal that teachers work with reading comprehension exercises to only a small extent in both the first three years and second three years of schooling. The study indicates the importance of using a diagnostic approach, so that early and effective measures can be adopted to prevent the emergence of reading comprehension problems.
|
|
