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| 6. |
- Marten, Tobias, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Double-segregation effect in AgxPd1-x/Ru(0001) thin film nanostructures
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : APS. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 77:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the structural properties of ultrathin AgxPd1-x films on top of a Ru(0001) substrate. Effective interatomic interactions, obtained from first-principles calculations, have been used in Monte Carlo simulations to derive the distribution of the alloy components in a four-monolayer (4-ML) Ag-Pd film. Though Ag-Pd alloys show complete solubility in the bulk, the thin film geometry leads to a pronounced segregation between Ag and Pd atoms with a strong preference of Ag atoms toward the surface and Pd atoms toward the interface. The theoretical prediction of this double-segregation effect is strongly supported by photoelectron spectroscopy experiments carried out for 4-ML thin films. We also show, in an additional experiment, that even in the case where initially 1 ML Ag is buried under 6 ML Pd, the whole Ag ML segregates to the surface.
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| 12. |
- Yung, Hong Wa, et al.
(författare)
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Perturbation of placental protein glycosylation by endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes maladaptation of maternal hepatic glucose metabolism
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 26:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Placental hormones orchestrate maternal metabolic adaptations to support pregnancy. We hypothesized that placental ER stress, which characterizes early-onset pre-eclampsia (ePE), compromises glycosylation, reducing hormone bioactivity and these maladaptations predispose the mother to metabolic disease in later life. We demonstrate ER stress reduces the complexity and sialylation of trophoblast protein N-glycosylation, while aberrant glycosylation of vascular endothelial growth factor reduced its bioactivity. ER stress alters the expression of 66 of the 146 genes annotated with "protein glycosylation"and reduces the expression of sialyltransferases. Using mouse placental explants, we show ER stress promotes the secretion of mis-glycosylated glycoproteins. Pregnant mice carrying placentas with junctional zone-specific ER stress have reduced blood glucose, anomalous hepatic glucose metabolism, increased cellular stress and elevated DNA methyltransferase 3A. Using pregnancy-specific glycoproteins as a readout, we also demonstrate aberrant glycosylation of placental proteins in women with ePE, thus providing a mechanistic link between ePE and subsequent maternal metabolic disorders.
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| 18. |
- Ekberg, Anders, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying the root causes of damage on the wheels of heavy haul locomotives and its mitigation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 228:6, s. 663-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper illustrates how damage patterns in the form of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on wheels, can be employed to identify and improve underlying operational conditions. The focus is on RCF of locomotive wheels operating on the Iron Ore Line in northern Sweden and Norway. Seasonal changes and damage patterns are charted. Potential root causes for observed damage patterns are identified and investigated. Mitigating actions are proposed and the efficiency of implemented actions is quantified.
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| 19. |
- Enroth, Stefan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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High throughput proteomics identifies a high-accuracy 11 plasma protein biomarker signature for ovarian cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is usually detected at a late stage and the overall 5-year survival is only 30-40%. Additional means for early detection and improved diagnosis are acutely needed. To search for novel biomarkers, we compared circulating plasma levels of 593 proteins in three cohorts of patients with ovarian cancer and benign tumors, using the proximity extension assay (PEA). A combinatorial strategy was developed for identification of different multivariate biomarker signatures. A final model consisting of 11 biomarkers plus age was developed into a multiplex PEA test reporting in absolute concentrations. The final model was evaluated in a fourth independent cohort and has an AUC = 0.94, PPV = 0.92, sensitivity = 0.85 and specificity = 0.93 for detection of ovarian cancer stages I-IV. The novel plasma protein signature could be used to improve the diagnosis of women with adnexal ovarian mass or in screening to identify women that should be referred to specialized examination.
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| 20. |
- Fu, X, et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin-induced oscillations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in human myometrial cells.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 79:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To investigate the mechanisms of oxytocin (OT) induced oscillations of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured human myometrial cells.METHODS: [Ca2+]i was measured in individual myometrial cells by dual wavelength spectrophotofluorometry using the fluorescent indicator fura-2. Myometrium was obtained at abdominal hysterectomy (n=8) and during cesarean section (n=7).RESULTS: OT (10-300 nM) typically induced [Ca2+]i oscillations with frequencies in the 0.6-0.8/min range. There were no obvious differences in the responses of cells taken from non-pregnant and term pregnant women. The frequency and amplitude of the oscillations were not significantly affected by OT concentrations up to 300 nM. The amplitude of the oscillations decreased in the presence of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel antagonist verapamil and gradually disappeared in Ca2+-free medium. The oscillations were further blocked by the inorganic Ca2+ antagonist La3+ and by the intracellular Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor 2.5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (DTBHQ). Caffeine inhibited the OT-induced oscillations in a concentration-dependent manner. DTBHQ and high concentrations of OT made [Ca2+]i remarkably sensitive to changes in the external Ca2+ concentration.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that OT-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in human myometrial cells are due to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated release of intracellular Ca2+ combined with capacitative as well as voltage-dependent influx of the ion.
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| 24. |
- Hermansson, Kersti, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen bond studies. CXX. An X-ray determination of the crystal structure of LiNO 3.3H 2O
- 1977
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallogr. B, Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. (Denmark). - 0567-7408. ; B33, s. 2857-2861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For pt.CXIX see Z. Naturforsch. a, vol.32, p.134 (1977). The crystal structure of lithium nitrate trihydrate, LiNO 3.3H 2O, has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 295K. The crystal is orthorhombic, space group Cmcm, a=6.8018 (4), b=12.7132 (9), c=5.9990 (4) Aring, V=518.75 Aring 3, Z=4. The nitrate ions, Li + ions and one of the two crystallographically non-equivalent water molecules lie in a mirror plane and are bonded to atoms in adjacent planes through the second water molecule. The Li + ion is octahedrally surrounded by six O atoms, four belonging to water molecules and two to nitrate ions. The two non-equivalent water molecules are present in the structure in distinctly different bonding situations. One is bonded to two Li + ions and is the donor of two hydrogen bonds. The other is involved in six hydrogen bonds: the O atom accepts two hydrogen bonds, and both protons are involved in bifurcated hydrogen bonds.
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| 26. |
- Hermansson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen bond studies. CXXXVIII. Neutron diffraction studies of LiNO 3.3H 2O at 120 and 295K
- 1980
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallogr. B, Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. (Denmark). - 0567-7408. ; B36, s. 1032-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For pt.CXXXVII see ibid., vol.B35, p.2384 (1979). LiNO 3.3H 2O has been studied by neutron diffraction at 120 and 295 K. The final R(w.F 2) values are 4.5% (120K) and 4.9% (295K). The crystal structure found in a previous room-temperature X-ray study is confirmed: one water molecule is involved in six hydrogen bonds; the other independent water molecule in the structure has a tetrahedral environment comprising two Li + ions and two medium-strong hydrogen bonds. The four different O...O hydrogen-bond lengths increase by 0.02-0.03 Aring going from 120 to 295K. The mean-square amplitudes of vibration for the N and O atoms are found to be closely proportional to temperature. For the H and Li atoms the vibrational amplitudes are less sensitive to temperature. Crystal data: space group Cmcm, Z=4; at 120K a=6.713 (7), b=12.669 (4), c=5.968 (5) Aring; at 295K a=6.8018 (4), b=12.7132 (9), c=5.9990 (4) Aring.
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| 29. |
- Jain, Arjun, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelin-1 Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Activating the PLC-IP3 Pathway Implications for Placental Pathophysiology in Preeclampsia
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 180:6, s. 2309-2320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent evidence implicates placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiological characteristics of preeclampsia. Herein, we investigate whether endothelin (ET)-1, which induces Ca2+ release from the ER, can induce placental ER stress. Loss of ER Ca2+ homeostasis impairs post-translational modification of proteins, triggering ER stress-response pathways. IHC confirmed the presence of both ET-1 and its receptors in the syncytiotrophoblast. Protein levels and immunoreactivity of ET-1 and the endothelin B receptor (ETBR) were increased in preeclamptic samples compared with normotensive controls. JEG-3 and BeWo choriocarcinoma cells treated with ET-1 displayed an increase in ER stress markers. ET-1 induced phospho-activation of the ETBR. Treating cells with BQ788, an ETBR antagonist, or small-interfering RNA knockdown of the receptor inhibited induction of ER stress. ET-1 also stimulated p-phospholipase C (PLC)gamma 1 levels. By using inhibitors of PLC activation, U73122, and the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) receptor, xestospongin-C, we demonstrated that ET-1 induces ER stress via the PLC-IP3 pathway. Furthermore, ET-1 levels increased in the syncytiotrophoblast of explants from normal placentas after hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro. Conditioned medium from hypoxia-reoxygenation explants also contained higher ET-1 levels, which induced ER stress in JEG-3 cells that was abolished by an ET-1 neutralizing antibody. Collectively, the data show that ET-1 induced ER stress in trophoblasts via the ETBR and initiation of signaling through the PLC-IP3 pathway, with the potential for autocrine stimulation.
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| 30. |
- Jensen, MR, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of Finite Element simulation of axi-symmetric hydromechanical deep drawing
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing science and engineering. - 1087-1357 .- 1528-8935. ; 123:3, s. 411-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new approach for the Finite Element modelling of the hydromechanical deep drawing process is evaluated. In the model a Finite Difference approximation of Reynold's equation is solved for the fluid flow between the blank and the draw die in the flange region. The approach is implemented as a contact algorithm in an explicit Finite Element code, Exhale2D. The developed model is verified against experiments and good agreement is obtained. It is concluded that the developed model is a promising approach for simulating the hydromechanical deep drawing process using the Finite Element Method.
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| 31. |
- Jensen, M.R., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical model for the oil pressure distribution in the hydromechanical deep drawing process
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 103:1, s. 74-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an attempt to simulate the hydromechanical deep drawing process using the finite element method (FEM). The basic idea is to compute the counter pressure and the fluid film pressure by solving a finite difference approximation of Reynold's equation. The concept is implemented as a contact algorithm in Exhale2D, an explicit finite element code for two-dimensional analyses. The numerical results illustrate a rather good agreement with experimental data.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lundgren, J. O., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron diffraction study of oxonium trifluoromethanesulphonate
- 1978
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Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0567-7408. ; 34:9, s. 2945-2947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Lundgren, J.-O., et al.
(författare)
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The hydrated proton in solids
- 1976
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Ingår i: The Hydrogen bond. - : Elsevier. - 9780444108050 ; , s. 471-526
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
- Marten, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of disorder broadening of core-level photoelectron lines in CuAu alloys by inhomogeneous lattice distortion
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 79:1, s. 012201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disorder broadening of core-level binding energies is a general effect observed in random alloys, and identifies an opportunity for studying specific local environments experimentally. Here we study it in an archetypical system: face-centered-cubic Cu50Au50. While the disorder broadening is clearly detectable at Au, at Cu it is below the detection limit. We supplement experiments by a theoretical study where we model the alloy by a large supercell constructed as a special quasirandom structure and calculate binding-energy shifts at all sites in the supercell. Theory shows that the suppression of the disorder broadening at Cu results from a delicate balance between the influence of local chemical environment and inhomogeneous lattice distortions on the site-resolved core-level shifts. Surprisingly, even larger relaxation-induced shifts are observed at Au sites.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Mizuuchi, Masahito, et al.
(författare)
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Placental endoplasmic reticulum stress negatively regulates transcription of placental growth factor via ATF4 and ATF6β : implications for the pathophysiology of human pregnancy complications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 238:4, s. 550-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low maternal circulating concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) are one of the hallmarks of human pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR) and early-onset pre-eclampsia (PE). Currently, PlGF is used clinically with other biomarkers to screen for high-risk cases, although the mechanisms underlying its regulation are largely unknown. Placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been found to be elevated in cases of FGR, and to an even greater extent in early-onset PE complicated with FGR. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR); attenuation of protein translation and a reduction in cell growth and proliferation play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of these complications of pregnancy. In this study, we further identified that ER stress regulates release of PlGF. We first observed that down-regulation of PlGF protein was associated with nuclear localization of ATF4, ATF6α and ATF6β in the syncytiotrophoblast of placentas from PE patients. Transcript analysis showed a decrease of PlGF mRNA, and an increase from genes encoding those UPR transcription factors, in placentas from cases of early-onset PE, but not in the late-onset (>34 weeks) PE, compared to term controls. Further investigations indicated a strong correlation between ATF4 and PlGF mRNA levels only (r = -0.73, p<0.05). These results could be recapitulated in trophoblast-like cells exposed to chemical inducers of ER stress or hypoxia/reoxygenation. The stability of PlGF transcripts was unchanged. The use of small interfering RNA specific for transcription factors in the UPR pathways revealed that ATF4 and ATF6β, but not ATF6α, modulate PlGF transcription. To conclude, ATF4 and ATF6β act synergistically in the negative regulation of PlGF mRNA expression, resulting in reduced PlGF secretion by the trophoblast in response to stress. Therefore, these results further support targeting of placental ER stress as a potential new therapeutic intervention for these pregnancy complications.
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| 44. |
- Monteseguro, V, et al.
(författare)
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Phase stability and electronic structure of iridium metal at the megabar range
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 5d transition metals have attracted specific interest for high-pressure studies due to their extraordinary stability and intriguing electronic properties. In particular, iridium metal has been proposed to exhibit a recently discovered pressure-induced electronic transition, the so-called core-level crossing transition at the lowest pressure among all the 5d transition metals. Here, we report an experimental structural characterization of iridium by x-ray probes sensitive to both long- and short-range order in matter. Synchrotron-based powder x-ray diffraction results highlight a large stability range (up to 1.4 Mbar) of the low-pressure phase. The compressibility behaviour was characterized by an accurate determination of the pressure-volume equation of state, with a bulk modulus of 339(3) GPa and its derivative of 5.3(1). X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which probes the local structure and the empty density of electronic states above the Fermi level, was also utilized. The remarkable agreement observed between experimental and calculated spectra validates the reliability of theoretical predictions of the pressure dependence of the electronic structure of iridium in the studied interval of compressions.
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| 45. |
- Nash, Peppi, et al.
(författare)
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Placental dysfunction in Suramin-treated rats : impact of maternal diabetes and effects of antioxidative treatment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1071-5576 .- 1556-7117. ; 12:3, s. 174-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate a rat model of placental dysfunction/preeclampsia in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes. A second objective was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E treatment in this model. METHODS: Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats of two different strains (U and H) were given intraperitoneal (IP) injections of the angiogenesis inhibitor Suramin (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, MO) or saline in early pregnancy, and fed standard or vitamin E-enriched food. The outcome of pregnancy was evaluated on gestational day 20. RESULTS: In both rat strains Suramin caused fetal growth retardation, decreased placental blood flow, and increased placental concentration of the isoprostane 8-iso-PGF(2alpha). In the U rats Suramin also caused increased fetal resorption rate, increased maternal blood pressure, decreased renal blood flow, and diminished maternal growth. Diabetes caused severe maternal and fetal growth retardation, increased resorption rate, and increased placental 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) concentration independent of Suramin administration. The maternal and fetal effects of Suramin and diabetes were more pronounced in the U strain than in the H strain. Vitamin E treatment improved the status of Suramin-injected diabetic rats: in U rats the blood pressure increase was normalized; and in both U and H rats the decreased placental blood flow was marginally enhanced, and the increase in placental 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) was partly normalized by vitamin E. CONCLUSION: Suramin injections to pregnant rats cause a state of placental insufficiency, which in U rats resembles human preeclampsia. The induction of this condition is at least partly mediated by oxidative stress, and antagonized by antioxidative treatment. Maternal diabetes involves increased oxidative stress, and causes both maternal and fetal morbidity, which are only marginally affected by additional Suramin treatment.
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| 46. |
- Nash, Peppi, et al.
(författare)
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Placental dysfunction in Suramin-treated rats : a new model for pre-eclampsia
- 2005
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Ingår i: Placenta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4004 .- 1532-3102. ; 26:5, s. 410-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impaired placentation and oxidative stress are proposed to play major roles in the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction and pre-eclampsia. This study was carried out to evaluate if inhibited angiogenesis by Suramin injections in early pregnancy may cause a condition resembling pre-eclampsia in rats. Rats of two different Sprague-Dawley strains, U and H, were given intraperitoneal injections of Suramin or saline in early pregnancy. The outcome of pregnancy was evaluated on gestational day 20. Suramin injections caused increased blood pressure and decreased renal blood flow in the U rats. In both rat strains Suramin decreased the placental blood flow and caused fetal growth retardation. In both strains the placental concentration of the isoprostane 8-epi-PGF2alpha was increased, indicating oxidative stress. The serum concentration of Endothelin-1 was increased in the U rats. The U strain had a lower basal placental blood flow, and the effects of Suramin were more pronounced in this strain. We conclude, that Suramin injections to pregnant rats cause a state of placental insufficiency, which partly resembles human pre-eclampsia. The induction of this condition is at least partly mediated by oxidative stress, and is subject to varied genetic susceptibility.
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| 47. |
- Olovsson, W., et al.
(författare)
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Auger energy shifts in fcc AgPd random alloys from complete screening picture and experiment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 92:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Augerkinetic energyand Augerparameter shiftsin fccAgPdrandomalloyswere calculated by extending the completescreeningpicture. The augerkinetic energyshiftfor the L3M4,5M4,5 Auger transition was calculated ab initio and compared with first-principles calculations. The shifts were analyzed as a function of alloy compositions. The Auger kinetic energy shifts were also analyzed in terms of single-hole states for the 2p3/2 core level and double-hole states for the 3d 5/2 core level.
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