| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Mårild, Karl, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Histologic activity in inflammatory bowel disease and risk of serious infections : A nationwide study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 22:4, s. 831-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of serious infections, but whether this risk varies by histological disease activity is unclear.METHODS: A national population-based study of 55,626 individuals diagnosed with IBD in 1990-2016 with longitudinal data on ileo-colorectal biopsies followed through 2016. Serious infections were defined as having an inpatient infectious disease diagnosis in the Swedish National Patient Register. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for serious infections in the 12 months following documentation of histologic inflammation (vs. histological remission), adjusting for social and demographic factors, chronic comorbidities, prior IBD-related surgery and hospitalization. We also adjusted for IBD-related medications in sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: With histological inflammation vs. remission, there was 4.62 (95%CI=4.46-4.78) and 2.53 (95%CI=2.36-2.70) serious infections per 100 person-years of follow-up, respectively (adjusted [a]HR=1.59; 95%CI=1.48-1.72). Histological inflammation (vs. remission) were associated with an increased risk of serious infections in ulcerative colitis (UC, aHR=1.68; 95%CI=1.51-1.87) and Crohn's disease (CD, aHR=1.59; 95%CI=1.40-1.80). The aHRs of sepsis and opportunistic infections were 1.66 (95%CI=1.28-2.15) and 1.71 (95%CI=1.22-2.41), respectively. Overall, results were consistent across age groups, sex and education level and remained largely unchanged after adjustment for IBD-related medications (aHR=1.47; 95%CI=1.34-1.61).CONCLUSION: Histological inflammation of IBD was an independent risk factor of serious infections, including sepsis, suggesting that achieving histological remission may reduce infections in IBD.
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| 5. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Björk, Göran, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Flow of Canadian Basin Deep Water in the Western Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
- 2010
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Ingår i: Deep Sea Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0637 .- 1879-0119. ; 57:4, s. 577-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LOMROG 2007 expedition targeted the previously unexplored southern part of the Lomonosov Ridge north of Greenland together with a section from the Morris Jesup Rise to Gakkel Ridge. The oceanographic data shows that Canadian Basin Deep Water (CBDW) passes the Lomonosov Ridge in the area of the Intra Basin close to the North Pole and then continues along the ridge towards Greenland and further along its northernmost continental slope. The CBDW is clearly evident as a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at a depth of about 2000 m. The cross slope sections at the Amundsen Basin side of the Lomonosov Ridge and further south at the Morris Jesup Rise show a sharp frontal structure higher up in the water column between Makarov Basin water and Amundsen Basin water. The frontal structure continues upward into the Atlantic Water up to a depth of about 300 m. The observed water mass division at levels well above the ridge crest indicates a strong topographic steering of the flow and that different water masses tend to pass the ridge guided by ridge-crossing isobaths at local topographic heights and depressions. A rough scaling analysis shows that the extremely steep and sharply turning bathymetry of the Morris Jesup Rise may force the boundary current to separate and generate deep eddies.
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| 9. |
- Björk, Göran, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The Passage of Canadian Basin Deep Water Over the Lomonosov Ridge and Through the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean: Results From the LOMROG-2007 Icebreaker Expedition
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Geophysical Union. ; 88(52)
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the LOMROG-2007 icebreaker expedition to the area where the Lomonosov Ridge attaches to the Greenland shelf, we observed a well defined signal in water mass properties of clear CBDW origin. The major part of CBDW passes the Lomonosov Ridge at the 1870 m deep channel near the North Pole (88 25' N, 150 E) as was discovered during the Beringia/Hotrax 2005 exploration of the sill area. During the LOMROG expedition we observed the signal of CBDW along the Amundsen Basin side of the Lomonosov Ridge slope north of Greenland and further along the Greenland shelf towards east and south. The signal with Canadian Basin properties is clearly seen in the TS structure as well as in the oxygen, silicate and CFC signals around 2000 m depth. No indication of a deep overflow across the Lomonosov Ridge at the channel just north of Greenland was seen.
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| 10. |
- Bockgård, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of CFC groundwater dating in a crystalline bedrock aquifer: Data from a site in southern Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Hydrogeology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-2174 .- 1435-0157. ; 12:2, s. 171-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113) and tritium were determined in groundwater in fractured crystalline bedrock at Finnsjon, Sweden. The specific goal was to investigate the accuracy of CFC dating in such an environment, taking potential degradation and mixing of water into consideration. The water was sampled to a depth of 42 m in three boreholes along an 800-m transect, from a recharge area to a local discharge area. The CFC-113 concentration was at the detection limit in most samples. The apparent recharge date obtained from CFC-11 was earlier than from CFC-12 for all samples, with a difference of over 20 years for some samples. The difference was probably caused by degradation of CFC-11. The CFC-12 dating of the samples ranged from before 1945 to 1975, with the exception of a sample from the water table, which had a present-day concentration. Conclusions about flow paths or groundwater velocity could not be drawn from the CFCs. The comparison between CFC-12 and tritium concentrations showed that most samples could be unmixed or mixtures of waters with different ages, and the binary mixtures that matched the measured concentrations were determined. The mixing model approach can be extended with additional tracers.
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| 11. |
- Brandt, P. H., et al.
(författare)
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"Profitability is sustainability:" framing of forest management practices by the Swedish forest industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 38:7/8, s. 429-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates how the Swedish forest industry, as represented by the three largest Swedish private forest companies (Svenska Cellulosa AB, Stora Enso, and Holmen), through their main public relations (PR) channels frame the current dominant Swedish forestry model and alternative models that are promoted by the European Union (EU). The content analysis of the three companies' trade magazines published between 2019 and 2022 explores the patterns in the PR framing of the forest management models with respect to economic, environmental, and social aspects. The time interval is centered by the July 2021 announcement of the EU's new Forest Strategy for 2030. The magazines' target audience is private forest owners, from whom Svenska Cellulosa AB, Stora Enso, and Holmen buy 40-50% of the timber used in production. The main finding of the study is that these corporations did not present alternative methods as viable options to replace the Swedish forestry model. The magazines, with some individual variations, respond to the alternative methods promoted by the EU and environmental associations by an increased emphasis on the benefits, mainly environmental, of the Swedish forestry model - framing the model as not only the most profitable but also the most ecologically sustainable.
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| 12. |
- Cedervall, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological targeting of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 prevents cancer-associated kidney injury in mice.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oncoimmunology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2162-4011 .- 2162-402X. ; 6:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal insufficiency is a frequent cancer-associated problem affecting more than half of all cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. To minimize nephrotoxic effects the dosage of anticancer drugs are reduced in these patients, leading to sub-optimal treatment efficacy. Despite the severity of this cancer-associated pathology, the molecular mechanisms, as well as therapeutic options, are still largely lacking. We here show that formation of intravascular tumor-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a cause of kidney injury in tumor-bearing mice. Analysis of clinical biomarkers for kidney function revealed impaired creatinine clearance and elevated total protein levels in urine from tumor-bearing mice. Electron microscopy analysis of the kidneys from mice with cancer showed reversible pathological signs such as mesangial hypercellularity, while permanent damage such as fibrosis or necrosis was not observed. Removal of NETs by treatment with DNase I, or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), was sufficient to restore renal function in mice with cancer. Tumor-induced systemic inflammation and impaired perfusion of peripheral vessels could be reverted by the PAD4 inhibitor. In conclusion, the current study identifies NETosis as a previously unknown cause of cancer-associated renal dysfunction and describes a novel promising approach to prevent renal failure in individuals with cancer.
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| 13. |
- Eldevik, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Observed sources and variability of Nordic seas overflow
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 2, s. 406-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overflows from the Nordic seas maintain the deep branch of the North Atlantic Ocean's thermohaline circulation1, 2, an important part of the global climate system3, 4. However, the source of these overflows, and of overflow variability, is debated: proposals include open-ocean convection, dense-water production on the Arctic shelves and the gradual transformation of Atlantic water as it circulates the periphery of the Nordic seas and the Arctic Ocean2, 5, 6. Here we analyse time series of observed ocean temperature and salinity between 1950 and 2005. We find that the progression of thermohaline anomalies on interannual to decadal timescales does not support a systematic response of the overflow properties to convective mixing in the Greenland Sea as has been suggested7, 8. Instead, anomalies in temperature and salinity that leave the northern seas at the Denmark Strait have travelled along the rim of the Nordic seas from inflow to overflow. Furthermore, the Faroe–Shetland Channel reflects the variability of an overturning loop within the Norwegian Sea that has not been observed previously. We thus conclude that the Atlantic water circulating in the Nordic seas is the main source for change in the overflow waters.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hjalmarsson, Clara, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal and glia-related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute ischemic stroke
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Central Nervous System Disease. - 1179-5735. ; 19:6, s. 51-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia promotes morphological reactions of the neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in experimental studies. Our aim was to examine the profile of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) biomarkers and their relation to stroke severity and degree of white matter lesions (WML). METHODS: A total of 20 patients (mean age 76 years) were included within 5-10 days after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) onset. Stroke severity was assessed using NIHSS (National Institute of Health stroke scale). The age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) scale was used to evaluate the extent of WML on CT-scans. The concentrations of specific CSF biomarkers were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with AIS had significantly higher levels of NFL (neurofilament, light), T-tau, myelin basic protein (MBP), YKL-40, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) compared with controls; T-Tau, MBP, GFAP, and YKL-40 correlated with clinical stroke severity, whereas NFL correlated with severity of WML (tested by Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: Several CSF biomarkers increase in AIS, and they correlate to clinical stroke severity. However, only NFL was found to be a marker of degree of WML.
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| 17. |
- Jeansson, Emil, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of Greenland Sea water in the Iceland Basin
- 2009
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Ingår i: Geophys. Res. Lett.. ; 36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates the presence of intermediate water from the Greenland Sea in the Iceland Basin deduced from the observed excess of the tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), released in the central Greenland Sea in 1996. The large tracer release experiment has served a unique opportunity to follow the spread of Greenland Sea intermediate water to the adjacent basins of the Nordic Seas and to the areas bordering this region. In the present study, using data from May–June 2001, the released tracer was detected at the sill in the Faroe Bank Channel and at several locations in the Iceland Basin of the North Atlantic, just downstream the sill and southeast of Iceland. The estimated excess of the released tracer at the Icelandic slope combined with reported values of the volume flow at this location suggest an annual transport rate of approximately 1.4 kg excess SF6. The results suggest an upper transit time from the central Greenland Sea to the area southeast of Iceland of approximately 4 years.
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| 18. |
- Jeansson, Emil, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Recent changes in the Greenland Sea: Tracers and Hydrography
- 2008
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Abstracts. ; 10
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time series of chemical and hydrographic parameters from mid-90s to 2006 in the central Greenland Sea are presented. In addition to potential temperature and salinity, oxygen and transient tracers (CFC-12 and CFC-11) have been measured between 1995 and 2006. The lack of deep convection since the 80s has changed the properties of the Greenland Sea Deep Water, which has become more or less continuously warmer and more saline during, at least, the last two decades. The change in temperature and salinity during the 90s has previously been reported as 0.01°C yr−1 and 0.001°C yr−1, respectively. The change from the mid-90s to 2006 shows the same trend, and might now even increase more rapidly. At the same time, the levels of oxygen have decreased while the transient tracer concentrations have more or less levelled out, indicating that the deep water now has a larger contribution of Arctic Ocean Deep Water. The ventilation depth of the Greenland Sea was larger in the 2000s, compared with the 90s. In accordance with this the transient tracer concentrations of the intermediate waters, down to 1500 m, has increased.
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| 19. |
- Jeansson, Emil, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Sources to the East Greenland Current and its contribution to the Denmark Strait Overflow
- 2008
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Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611. ; 78:1, s. 12-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from the East Greenland Current in 2002 are evaluated using optimum multiparameter analysis. The current is followed from north of Fram Strait to the Denmark Strait Sill and the contributions of different source waters, in mass fractions, are deduced. From the results it can be concluded that, at least in spring 2002, the East Greenland Current was the main source for the waters found at the Denmark Strait Sill, contributing to the overflow into the North Atlantic. The East Greenland Current carried water masses from different source regions in the Arctic Ocean, the West Spitsbergen Current and the Greenland Sea. The results agree well with the known circulation of the western Nordic Seas but also add knowledge both to the quantification and to the mixing processes, showing the importance of the locally formed Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water for the East Greenland Current and the Denmark Strait.
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| 20. |
- Jennbacken, Karin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of metastasis in a castration resistant prostate cancer model by the quinoline-3-carboxamide tasquinimod (ABR-215050)
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 72:8, s. 913-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Tasquinimod (ABR-215050) is an orally active quinoline-3-carboxamide analog that has completed phase II clinical trial in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer, showing promising inhibiting effects on the occurrence of metastasis and delayed disease progression. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, but previous studies show anti-angiogenic effects and strong interaction with the S100A9 protein. METHODS This study was performed to evaluate if tasquinimod inhibits prostate cancer metastasis, by using both orthotopic and intratibial xenograft models. Animals were treated with tasquinimod, and tumor growth characteristics as well as molecular markers for metastasis and angiogenesis were analyzed. RESULTS The results show that formation of lung and lymph node metastases from orthotopic castration resistant prostate tumors was inhibited by tasquinimod treatment. Importantly, establishment of tumors in the bone after intratibial implantation was suppressed by tasquinimod. In addition, establishment and growth of subcutaneous tumors were affected. Both in primary tumors and serum from treated mice an upregulation of thrombospondin 1 was observed. Further, downregulation of the hypoxia driven genes VEGF, CXCR4, and LOX was detected in the primary tasquinimod-treated tumors and decreased expression of chemotactic ligand SDF-1 was demonstrated in the lungs. Thus, these molecular changes could contribute to the anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects of tasquinimod. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study and clinical data show that tasquinimod interferes with the metastatic process, presumably by inhibition of tumor establishment. Therefore, tasquinimod is an interesting treatment option for patients with prostate cancer prone to metastasis. Prostate 72:913924, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 21. |
- Kasajima, Yoshie, et al.
(författare)
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A submesoscale coherent eddy in the Greenland Sea in 2003
- 2006
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. - 0148-0227. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs) have been observed earlier in the Greenland Sea, but their overall characteristics, the formation and the dissolution mechanisms, and the effects on the large-scale hydrodynamics were not well understood. In order to improve the understanding of these features, a simultaneous investigation of hydrography, chemical tracers, and full-depth velocity profiles in a SCV was employed in September 2003. The observed eddy had a homogeneous cold core from 500 m to 2500 m depth with a radius of 8∼15 km. The velocity field of the eddy was higher than in the previous years, and the eddy was in strong anticyclonic rotation in the intermediate layer (1000∼2000 m). The high velocity field led to the estimate of eddy vorticity twice as high as previous observations, and this was accounted for the eddy migration while the earlier observed eddies were rather stationary around 75°N 0°E. The eddy migrated northeast ward with a speed of 3 km/day driven by the background mean flow under the strong effects of the background shear, which tilted the rotation axis in the upper layer. The concentrations of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the eddy provided firm information about the source water end-members. The Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water and winter cold surface water were determined as the principal eddy source waters. This differs from the earlier conception of eddies being sourced from intermediate waters at the periphery of the Greenland Basin.
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| 22. |
- Lund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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New materials for ESR dosimetry
- 2002
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Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 58:6, s. 1301-1311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New materials for electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry have been investigated with the aim to find systems more sensitive than L-alanine accepted as a standard for high dose determinations. Among the investigated systems ammonium tartrate, 2-methylalanine, salts of formic acids and dithionates have been found to be more sensitive than alanine by a factor 2-10. The lower limit applies to tissue equivalent materials, while much higher sensitivities were obtained with formates and dithionates containing heavier atoms. The increased sensitivity was mainly attributed to suitable ESR properties of the room temperature stable radicals as regards spectral shape (narrow lines, little or no hyperfine structure) and microwave saturation properties (short relaxation times). The radical structures have when necessary been clarified by ENDOR spectroscopy, while the saturation properties have been screened by pulsed ESR measurements.
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| 23. |
- Magnusson, Lisa U., 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Tasquinimod inhibits prostate cancer growth in bone through alterations in the bone microenvironment.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 1097-0045 .- 0270-4137. ; 76:4, s. 383-393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tasquinimod (ABR-215050) is an orally active quinoline-3-carboxamide analog that inhibits occurrence of experimental metastasis and delays disease progression of castration resistant prostate cancer in humans. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, but previous studies show immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tumor inhibiting effect of tasquinimod in bone of castrated mice as well as to elucidate its working mechanism related to bone microenvironment.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Marnela, M, et al.
(författare)
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Transports of Nordic Seas water masses and excess SF6 through Fram Strait to the Arctic Ocean
- 2008
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Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611. ; 78:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the exchanges between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait is one of the most important aspects, and one of the major challenges, in describing the circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea. Especially the northward transport of Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) from the Nordic Seas into the Arctic Ocean is little known. In the two-ship study of the circulation in the Nordic Seas, Arctic Ocean – 2002, the Swedish icebreaker Oden operated in the ice-covered areas in and north of Fram Strait and in the western margins of Greenland and Iceland seas, while RV Knorr of Woods Hole worked in the ice free part of the Nordic Seas. Here two hydrographic sections obtained by Oden, augmented by tracer and velocity measurements with Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP), are examined. The first section, reaching from the Svalbard shelf across the Yermak Plateau, covers the region north of Svalbard where inflow to the Arctic Ocean takes place. The second, western, section spans the outflow area extending from west of the Yermak Plateau onto the Greenland shelf. Geostrophic and LADCP derived velocities are both used to estimate the exchanges of water masses between the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean. The geostrophic computations indicate a total flow of 3.6 Sv entering the Arctic on the eastern section. The southward flow on the western section is found to be 5.1 Sv. The total inflow to the Arctic Ocean obtained using the LADCP derived velocities is much larger, 13.6 Sv, and the southward transport on the western section is 13.7 Sv, equal to the northward transport north of Svalbard. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) originating from a tracer release experiment in the Greenland Sea in 1996 has become a marker for the circulation of AIW. From the geostrophic velocities we obtain 0.5 Sv and from the LADCP derived velocities 2.8 Sv of AIW flowing into the Arctic. The annual transport of SF6 into the Arctic Ocean derived from geostrophy is 5 kg/year, which is of the same magnitude as the observed total annual transport into the North Atlantic, while the LADCP measurements (19 kg/year) imply that it is substantially larger. Little SF6 was found on the western section, confirming the dominance of the Arctic Ocean water masses and indicating that the major recirculation in Fram Strait takes place farther to the south.
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| 26. |
- Messias, M. J, et al.
(författare)
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The Greenland Sea tracer experiment 1996–2002: Horizontal mixing and transport of Greenland Sea Intermediate Water
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Progress In Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611. ; 78:1, s. 85-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In summer 1996, a tracer release experiment using sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) was launched in the intermediate-depth waters of the central Greenland Sea (GS), to study the mixing and ventilation processes in the region and its role in the northern limb of the Atlantic overturning circulation. Here we describe the hydrographic context of the experiment, the methods adopted and the results from the monitoring of the horizontal tracer spread for the 1996–2002 period documented by 10 shipboard surveys. The tracer marked “Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water” (GSAIW). This was redistributed in the gyre by variable winter convection penetrating only to mid-depths, reaching at most 1800 m depth during the strongest event observed in 2002. For the first 18 months, the tracer remained mainly in the Greenland Sea. Vigorous horizontal mixing within the Greenland Sea gyre and a tight circulation of the gyre interacting slowly with the other basins under strong topographic influences were identified. We use the tracer distributions to derive the horizontal shear at the scale of the Greenland Sea gyre, and rates of horizontal mixing at 10 and 300 km scales. Mixing rates at small scale are high, several times those observed at comparable depths at lower latitudes. Horizontal stirring at the sub-gyre scale is mediated by numerous and vigorous eddies. Evidence obtained during the tracer release suggests that these play an important role in mixing water masses to form the intermediate waters of the central Greenland Sea. By year two, the tracer had entered the surrounding current systems at intermediate depths and small concentrations were in proximity to the overflows into the North Atlantic. After 3 years, the tracer had spread over the Nordic Seas basins. Finally by year six, an intensive large survey provided an overall synoptic documentation of the spreading of the tagged GSAIW in the Nordic Seas. A circulation scheme of the tagged water originating from the centre of the GS is deduced from the horizontal spread of the tracer. We present this circulation and evaluate the transport budgets of the tracer between the GS and the surroundings basins. The overall residence time for the tagged GSAIW in the Greenland Sea was about 2.5 years. We infer an export of intermediate water of GSAIW from the GS of 1 to 1.85 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) for the period from September 1998 to June 2002 based on the evolution of the amount of tracer leaving the GS gyre. There is strong exchange between the Greenland Sea and Arctic Ocean via Fram Strait, but the contribution of the Greenland Sea to the Denmark Strait and Iceland Scotland overflows is modest, probably not exceeding 6% during the period under study.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Nyholm, Tufve, et al.
(författare)
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A national approach for automated collection of standardized and population-based radiation therapy data in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 119:2, s. 344-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To develop an infrastructure for structured and automated collection of interoperable radiation therapy (RT) data into a national clinical quality registry. Materials and methods: The present study was initiated in 2012 with the participation of seven of the 15 hospital departments delivering RT in Sweden. A national RT nomenclature and a database for structured unified storage of RT data at each site (Medical Information Quality Archive, MIQA) have been developed. Aggregated data from the MIQA databases are sent to a national RT registry located on the same IT platform (INCA) as the national clinical cancer registries. Results: The suggested naming convention has to date been integrated into the clinical workflow at 12 of 15 sites, and MIQA is installed at six of these. Involvement of the remaining 3/15 RT departments is ongoing, and they are expected to be part of the infrastructure by 2016. RT data collection from ARIA (R), Mosaiq (R), Eclipse (TM), and Oncentra (R) is supported. Manual curation of RT-structure information is needed for approximately 10% of target volumes, but rarely for normal tissue structures, demonstrating a good compliance to the RT nomenclature. Aggregated dose/volume descriptors are calculated based on the information in MIQA and sent to INCA using a dedicated service (MIQA2INCA). Correct linkage of data for each patient to the clinical cancer registries on the INCA platform is assured by the unique Swedish personal identity number. Conclusions: An infrastructure for structured and automated prospective collection of syntactically inter operable RT data into a national clinical quality registry for RT data is under implementation. Future developments include adapting MIQA to other treatment modalities (e.g. proton therapy and brachytherapy) and finding strategies to harmonize structure delineations. How the RT registry should comply with domain-specific ontologies such as the Radiation Oncology Ontology (ROO) is under discussion.
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| 29. |
- Olsen, Are, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the Nordic Seas CARINA data and salinity measurements
- 2009
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data Discussions. - 1866-3591. ; 2, s. 1-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas includes the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution provides an overview of the CARINA data from the Nordic Seas and summarises the findings of the QC of the salinity data. One cruise had salinity data that were of questionable quality, and these have been removed from the data product. An evaluation of the consistency of the quality controlled salinity data suggests that they are consistent to at least 0.05.
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| 30. |
- Olsson, Anders, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of anthropogenic carbon during the LOMROG 07 and IAOE 91cruises in the Arctic Ocean
- 2008
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Abstracts. ; 10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During summer 2007, the Swedish icebreaker Oden travelled to the Arctic and amongst other investigations repeated a CTD- transect occupied 16 years earlier during the IAOE cruise. Data measured on both cruises were e.g. nutrients, oxygen, alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC11, CFC12 and CCl4). Preliminary results of the comparison show a shallowing of the saturation levels of calcite and aragonite with increasing concentrations of DIC, found almost throughout the entire water column. An estimation of the anthropogenic carbon increase is made by using three different methods, multi linear regression (MLR), the C* methods and the TrOCA method. The C* method and the TrOCA approach shows reasonable agreements while the MLR method gives unrealistic results. The increase in anthropogenic carbon through the water column is well matched with the CFC 11 increase.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Olsson, Anders, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Intermediate water from the Greenland Sea in the Faroe Bank Channel: spreading of released sulphur hexafluoride
- 2005
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Ingår i: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0637. ; 52:2, s. 279-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Faroe Bank Channel is the deepest passage for dense water leaving the Nordic Seas into the North Atlantic. The contribution to this part of the Greenland-Scotland Overflow by intermediate water from the Greenland Sea is investigated by the tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) that was released into the central Greenland Sea in summer 1996. Continuous monitoring has since traced it around the Nordic Seas and into the connecting areas. It was observed for the first time close to the Faroe Islands in early 1999, indicating a transport time from the Greenland Sea of around 2.5 years. This study estimates that approximately 16 kg of SF6 had passed the Faroe Bank Channel by the end of 2002, that is 5% of the total amount released. Both the arrival time and the amount of exported SF6 deduced from the observations are consistent with the results from a numerical ocean model simulating the tracer release and spreading.
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| 33. |
- Olsson, Anders, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Pathway and mixing of Greenland Sea water to the Faroe area and the Iceland Basin
- 2008
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Abstracts. ; 10
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spreading of intermediate water from the Greenland Sea through the Norwegian Sea, the Faroese Channels and the Iceland Basin is studied with means of the released tracer sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). The released tracer tagged the intermediate water in the Greenland Sea (GSAIW), which subsequently could be traced as it spread to the adjacent seas. A main flow of GSAIW was through the Jan Mayen Channel into the Norwegian Sea, where it was transported southward in a boundary current at 1000 m. In the southern Norwegian Sea this tracer path meets another path of the tracer, from the Iceland Sea. Part of the tracer entered the Faroese Channels while some recirculated northward along the eastern side of the Norwegian Basin. The transport of the released tracer through the Faroe Bank Channel was estimated to approximately 3 kg yr−1, which is less than reported earlier. An excess of the released tracer could also be detected in the Iceland Basin, south of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Olsson, Anders, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The East Greenland Current studied with CFCs and released sulphur hexafluoride
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963. ; 55:1-2, s. 77-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution and evolution of water masses along the East Greenland Current (EGC) from south of the Fram Strait to the Denmark Strait were investigated using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the released tracer sulphur bexafluoride (SF6) together with hydrographic data. Water masses contributing to the Denmark Strait overflow, and to some extent also contributions to the Iceland-Scotland over-flow, are discussed from observations in 1999. Special emphasis is put on the advection and mixing of Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water (GSAIW), which could be effectively traced thanks to the release of sulphur hexafluoride in the Greenland Sea Gyre in 1996. By means of the dispersion of the tracer, Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water was followed down to the Denmark Strait Sill as well as close to the Faroe-Shetland Channel. The results indicate that this water mass can contribute to both overflows within 3 years from leaving the Greenland Sea. The transformation of Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water was dominated by water from the Arctic Ocean, especially by isopycnal mixing with upper Polar Deep Water (uPDW) but, to a less extent, also by Canadian Basin Deep Water. A mixture of Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water and upper Polar Deep Water was lifted 500 m on its way through southwestern Iceland Sea, to a depth shallow enough to let it reach the sill of the Denmark Strait from where it can be incorporated in the densest layer of the overflow. The observations show contributions to the Denmark Strait overflow from both the East Greenland Current and the Iceland Sea. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Olsson, Daniel, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Feedback Control in Swedish Multi-Family Buildings for Lower Energy Demand and Assured Indoor Temperature—Measurements and Interviews
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energies. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 16:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe needs to save energy, and lowered indoor temperature is frequently promoted as part of the solution. To facilitate this, heating control systems with feedback from indoor temperature sensors are often required to avoid thermal discomfort and achieve long-term temperature reductions. This article describes a measurement- and interview-based study on feedback control where 107 Swedish multifamily buildings were analysed. The obtained results show that buildings with lowered indoor temperatures had reduced annual heating demand by 4 kWh/m2 and a reduced indoor temperature of 0.4 °C. There were, however, significant individual differences and even buildings with increased indoor temperatures, which harmed the energy savings. Temperature fluctuation was most often significantly reduced, but the impact on heating power demand during cold weather was, on average, only 2%. An interview with different actors indicated higher energy savings, possibly due to their stock’s original room temperature levels. Several interviewees also mentioned other advantages of temperature mapping. Most of the results obtained in this study were in line with several previous investigations. The study’s novelty lies in the large number of investigated buildings with mature commercial heat control technology, including PI-control for adjusting supply temperature, indoor temperature sensors in almost every apartment and a parallel analysis of additional affected parameters.
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| 37. |
- Olsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Weather Forecast Control for Heating of Multi-Family Buildings in Comparison with Feedback and Feedforward Control
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energies. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our joint environmental and energy commitments mean we must reduce the building’s energy use. Improved central heating control can play a role in how this is accomplished. There are three common control strategies: feedforward (traditional), feedback, and model predictive control (MPC). The latter two often work in parallel, where feedback uses indoor temperature sensors to adjust the supply water temperature. In contrast, the supply temperature setpoint is continuously calculated in MPC, fed with weather forecasts. The weather forecasts are often highlighted as essential ingredients in MPC, but at the same time, it is emphasized that temperature sensors are used to ensure a pleasant indoor temperature. To an outside observer, it is difficult to determine what is what in such combined control arrangements. Is energy saved because of the room sensors or because of the model? And what role do the weather forecasts play? This study quantifies the impact of the control strategy on energy use and indoor temperature. It concludes that PI-based feedback heating control saves approximately as much energy as MPC, and weather forecasts do not save significantly more energy than real-time weather data but are easier to obtain. The overall results for both control strategies align with the lower end of the result ranges of previous studies. The novelty is that the impact of weather forecasts has been studied separately and that different control strategies are compared against each other based on a model of a typical Swedish multi-family building.
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| 38. |
- Olsson, Sara, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Ammonium tartrate as an ESR dosimeter material
- 1999
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 50:5, s. 955-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is one step in the search for an ESR dosimeter material with a higher signal intensity than the commonly used l-α-alanine, to be useful in the clinical dose range (approximately 0.1–20 Gy). The substance ammonium tartrate was found and investigated regarding signal intensity, radical stability, dose response and dose resolution. The ESR signal intensity of ammonium tartrate was shown to be more than twice the intensity of the alanine signal. The data indicate that an unstable radiation induced radical contributes to the ESR signal initially; after a couple of hours it has converted to a secondary radical which has a decay slow enough to be considered stable during the first two weeks after irradiation. Ammonium tartrate has a linear dose response in the investigated range of 0.5–4000 Gy and a dose resolution of 0.1 Gy at the 0.5 Gy level where, as a comparison, the corresponding value for alanine is 0.3 Gy. We thus find the substance suitable for clinical dosimetry.
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| 39. |
- Olsson, Sara, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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EPR Dosimetric Properties of 2-Methylalanine : EPR, ENDOR and FT-EPR Investigations
- 2002
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Ingår i: Radiation Research. - 0033-7587 .- 1938-5404. ; 157:2, s. 113-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To find an EPR dosimeter material that is sensitive enough for clinical use, the substance 2-methylalanine (2MA) with the chemical structure (CH3)2C(NH3+)COO− was tested for its sensitivity to ionizing radiation, dose response, and radical stability over time. At equal and moderate settings of microwave power and modulation amplitude, 2MA was found to be 70% more sensitive than l-α-alanine, which is the most common EPR dosimeter material today. The dose response is linear, at least in the dose range of interest (0.5–100 Gy), and the time-dependent variations in signal intensity are very small and may be corrected for easily. The energy dependence of the stopping power and energy absorption was calculated and was found to be similar to that of alanine. The dependence of the signal intensity on microwave power and modulation amplitude was investigated, and the optimal settings were found to be 25 mW (Bruker ER 4102ST) and 12 gauss, respectively. Single crystals of 2MA were analyzed using ENDOR and ENDOR-induced EPR to identify the radiation-induced radicals that formed. Only one radical, in which the amino group is detached from the original molecule, was identified. This radical is obviously dominating and is apparently the only one relevant for dosimetry purposes. The complete set of coupling parameters for three hyperfine couplings is reported. The power saturation properties and spectral line width are ruled by the relaxation times T1 and T2. To determine the relaxation times of 2MA, pulsed EPR experiments were performed on single crystals. Two different values of T1 were obtained, one in the range 1–3 µs, shown to be of importance for the dosimetry properties, and another that is strongly anisotropic with a value between 10 and 35 µs that does not seem to affect the saturation behavior. T2 was estimated to be of the order of 200–300 ns.
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| 40. |
- Olsson, Sara K., 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of ammonium tartrate as an ESR dosimeter material for clinical purposes
- 2000
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 52:5, s. 1235-1241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crystalline substance ammonium tartrate is investigated with respect to its suitability as a clinical dosimetry material. The properties investigated are: the radical stability for absorbed doses relevant for clinical use, the improvement in sensitivity when the crystals are deuterated and the linear electron tranfer (LET)-dependence. After photon irradiation to an absorbed dose of 20 Gy, the signal increases rapidly during the first 6 h. After this period, the changes are more moderate and can be corrected for. The signal-to-noise ratio of irradiated ammonium tartrate is twice the corresponding value of alanine. By deuterating the crystals, the sensitivity can be further improved by a factor of 1.4. As expected, the signal decreases with increasing LET of the radiation, but no changes in the spectrum shape was observed.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 186:1, s. 32-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Svanström, Magdalena, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of sludge management with phosphorus utilisation and improved hygienisation in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 75:9, s. 2013-2024
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide input to sewage sludge management strategies that address expected new regulations in terms of hygienisation and phosphorus recovery in Sweden, an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was made. The LCA identified environmental hot spots for methods that may permit sludge or phosphorus from sludge to be applied on agricultural land. In particular, thermophilic digestion, pasteurisation, thermal hydrolysis, urea treatment and mono-incineration with phosphorus recovery were compared. In addition, a sludge management system involving drying of sludge before use in forestry was investigated. The results showed that some major impacts are related to large uncertainties, such as those related to emissions from sludge storage. It also showed that large gains can be achieved when products from the systems replace other products, in particular when biogas is used to replace natural gas in vehicles, but also when sludge is used in agriculture and forestry. In general, there are small differences between the sludge management methods. Retaining the sludge matrix to allow for its utilisation in agriculture may conflict with keeping emissions to air and water from the sludge matrix low. It is recommended that any sludge management option minimises emissions from sludge to air and water and that resources are recovered and used, in line with the principles of a circular economy.
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| 48. |
- Tanhua, Toste, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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A first study of SF6 as a transient tracer in the Southern Ocean
- 2004
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Ingår i: Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography. ; 51:22-24, s. 2683-2699
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halogenated transient tracers such as the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-1 13 are commonly used in oceanographic studies. These compounds enter the ocean via the atmosphere and their triansient atmospheric concentrations make them valuable as oceanic tracers. The trends of rapidly rising atmospheric concentrations of these tracers are however broken, and the oceanic signal becomes increasingly more difficult to decipher. There is a need for a new transient tracer to complement the existing suit of tracers, especially for recently ventilated water masses. One compound that looks promising in this respect is sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), an inert gas whose atmospheric concentration is rising rapidly. In this paper, the use of SF6 as a transient tracer in recently ventilated waters is discussed and the method for determination of SF6 in seawater is described. Tracer data from a section in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along 6degreesE, from 60degreesS to 40degreesS, occupied during January 1998, are presented. The Antarctic Polar Front, found close to 50degreesS, was studied with a densely sampled section down to 400 m depth and SF6/CFC-12 ratios are used to deduce ventilation ages and dilution factors. A comparison of apparent ages derived from a variety of tracers is presented together with the uncertainties in these estimates. This work demonstrates that SF6 is a useful and valuable transient tracer for waters ventilated during the last 20 years. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Tanhua, Toste, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of Denmark Strait overflow water and its hydro-chemical composition
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963. ; 57:3-4, s. 264-288
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dense overflow across the Denmark Strait is investigated with hydrographic and hydro-chemical data and the water mass composition of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) is determined by multivariate analysis. Hydrographical properties, the transient tracers CFC-11 and CFC-12, oxygen and nutrients are utilized for the water mass definitions. Distribution and characteristics of water masses north of Denmark Strait are described, the important water masses at the sill and the variability on weekly time-scales are discussed, and the entrainment and mixing of water into the overflow plume in the northern Irminger Basin is calculated. The analysis indicates that water masses both from the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean are important for the formation of DSOW. It is found that water masses transported with the East Greenland Current make up about 75% of the overflow at the sill. The overflow at, and shortly south of, the sill is inhomogeneous with a low-salinity component dominated by Polar Intermediate Water. The high-salinity component of the overflow is mainly of Arctic origin. The water mass composition, and the short-term variability for 7 repeats of sections close to the sill are described, and these illustrate that the overflow is in fact a composite of a number of water masses with different formation and transport histories. This indicate that the overflow is a robust feature, but that it responds to variations in the circulation or atmospheric forcing that influences the formation of intermediate and deep water masses within the Arctic Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. At a section about 400 kin south of the sill the overflow is well mixed and modified by entrainment of, mainly, Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water and Labrador Sea Water, together constituting 30% of the overflow plume. The entrainment of Middle Irminger Water dominates shortly downstream of the sill, before the overflow plume reaches too deep but the entrainment seems to be intermittent in time. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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