| 1. |
- Lindblom, Cecilia, Universitetslektor, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges to Interdisciplinary teaching for nutrition and health in Swedish compulsory schools
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Home Economics. - Bonn : International Federation for Home Economics. - 1999-561X. ; 13:1, s. 15-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish National Agency for Education states that educational provision should involve pupil opportunities for interdisciplinary work and the experience of learning in different ways. In this context, the current study aimed to explore the actual operation of interdisciplinary teaching (IDT) in Swedish compulsory schools, i.e. from preschool (6 years) to grade 9 (16 years) regarding nutrition and health. To investigate this, two web-based nationwide questionnaires were sent out in 2014 to compulsory schools in Sweden. One questionnaire was aimed at teachers in five subjects: Home and Consumer Studies (HCS), Natural Science Subjects (NSS) (Biology, Chemistry, Physics), and Physical Education and Health (PEH). The second questionnaire was for school principals. A total of 388 teachers and 216 principals answered the respective questionnaire. The study showed that 40% of the teachers and 59% of the principals reported that their school worked in an interdisciplinary way regarding nutrition and health education. Practical scheduling problems and a lack of time for planning were seen as the main barriers by both teachers and principals, but to a much larger extent by teachers. A prerequisite for successful IDT is that teachers have a chance to meet and plan, and this study indicates that frame factors have a critical impact on what is possible regarding IDT in Swedish schools. It is crucial that principals appreciate their part in facilitating IDT. Increased interdisciplinary teaching for nutrition and health (IDT-NH) might increase school potential for the better integration of knowledge and understanding about the importance of lifestyle for health, the environment and society.
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| 2. |
- Springett, Jane, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Närsjukvård : bakgrund, erfarenheter och pilotstudie
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Närsjukvård är ett centralt begrepp i ett förändringsarbete som för genomförs i nordöstra Skåne för att utveckla hälso- och sjukvårdsväsendet. Det ingår därmed som en av de centrala delarna av Region Skånes vision om hälso- och sjukvård: Skånsk livskraft – vård och hälsa. Syftet med denna rapport är att ge en bakgrund till begreppet (Del A) och att presentera en del preliminära rön beträffande hur olika aktörer i nordöstra Skåne uppfattar begreppet (Del B). Del A ger en översikt kring ursprunget till begreppet Närsjukvård inom ramen för de förändringar i hälso- och sjukvården som sker i Sverige i stort. Den beskriver sedan vilka slags förändringar som har planerats på politisk nivå och som nu håller på att genomföras under detta paraplybegrepp, nationellt, regionalt och lokalt. För detta syfte används statliga dokument och publicerade utvärderingsstudier i stor utsträckning som källmaterial. Denna del ska därför inte ses som en heltäckande översikt. Del B inriktas på att belysa hur långt förverkligandet av idén om Närsjukvård har kommit inom regionen. Avsnittet är en kartläggning av olika aktörers förståelse av Närsjukvård i den nordöstra delen av Region Skåne. Forskningsfrågorna inriktades på hur folk pratade om Närsjukvård, det vill säga på hur de förstod och använde begreppet.
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| 3. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Between good intentions and practical constraints : Swedish teachers' perceptions of school lunch
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Education. - : Routledge. - 0305-764X .- 1469-3577. ; 51:2, s. 247-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, pupils eat tax-funded school lunches, often in the company of teachers. This article focuses on Swedish compulsory school grade (ages 7-15) teachers' (n = 823) perceptions of the school lunch in terms of intentions and daily practice. Analysis was based on written answers for an open-ended question that was part of a questionnaire focusing on teachers' attitudes towards school lunch as a pedagogical activity. It was found that participating teachers saw the potential of the school lunch, placing emphasis on the social interaction that takes place in the school restaurant and the possibility of meeting pupils in a more informal setting. However, a key outcome was teachers' depictions of the struggle between ideals and reality with the effect that teachers were not always provided with favourable conditions for school lunch interactions. It is important to address this in order to improve meal-time practices and the experience of school lunch.
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| 5. |
- Berggren, Linda, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Förutsättningar för en trivsam skollunch
- 2023
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Ingår i: Læring gennem mad og måltider i grundskolen. - : Cappelen Damm AS. - 9788202797744 - 9788202755423 ; , s. 131-146
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter highlights conditions for a pleasant school lunch based on experiences and perceptions from pupils, teachers, and head teachers. The empirical part of the study is based on a qualitative design using empathy-based stories, individual interviews, and a qualitative analysis of open comments from a questionnaire. Henri Lefebvre's theory of social production of space constitutes the theoretical framework, placing emphasis on how school lunch is experienced, perceived and conceived. The results show that these pupils, teachers and head teachers share the perception of school lunch as a space for socializing. Additionally, they show that conditions for a pleasant school lunch experience, chief among them the environment and time available, are not always favorable. The results presented in this chapter indicate that physical and organizational dimensions of school lunch need to be given more attention.
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| 6. |
- Berggren, Linda, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Head teacher perspectives on school lunch : at variance with national policy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Health Education Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 0017-8969 .- 1748-8176. ; 83:1, s. 29-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Previous research indicates that head teachers in Sweden frequently fail to see school lunch as part of the educational activities of a school. This study contributes to an understanding of how head teachers in Sweden perceive and experience current national policy intentions related to school lunch.Design: Qualitative inquiry.Setting: Ten municipal state schools in Sweden.Method: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 head teachers responsible for the compulsory education of 6- to 15-year-olds in state schools. Data from digitally recorded and transcribed interviews were thematically analysed.Results: Head teachers primarily saw school lunch as a means to ensure pupils were fed and energised. Their focus tended to be on what followed after school lunch in the form of academic performance and mood, rather than the stated intentions of national school meal policy. Head teachers stressed the value of a free and nutritious school lunch for social equality, and the importance of good collaboration with food service managers and school meal personnel, despite the difficulty of achieving this.Conclusion: This paper highlights a gap between head teachers' perspectives with respect to school lunch and official intentions stated in Swedish national school meals policy. The meanings head teachers saw as connected to school lunch were those of social equality and ensuring pupils were fed, rather than the wider potential envisioned by the authorities. This paper identifies factors that affect the possibility of realising national policy intentions for school lunch in Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Berggren, Linda, 1983-
(författare)
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“It’s not really about the food, it’s about everything else” : pupil, teacher and head teacher experiences of school lunch in Sweden
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The school lunch is often associated with food, nutrition and health while the social, physical, pedagogical and cultural dimensions of the school lunch situation have not been given as much attention. Sweden is one of few countries in the world where tax-funded school meals are served to all pupils in compulsory school. This thesis highlights the school lunch situation from the perspectives of pupils, teachers and head teachers in Sweden. The overall aim is to contribute a deeper understanding of how these school actors perceive and experience the school lunch situation.The thesis is compiled from four papers. Paper 1 examine Nordic pupil’s perspectives on the healthiness of the meals in the context of school lunches. The remaining papers have been carried out in a Swedish context. Paper 2 examines pupil’s lived experiences of school lunch and how they relate to the social and physical dimensions of school lunch. Paper 3 examines teachers’ perceptions of the school lunch in terms of intentions and daily practice. Paper 4 examines head teachers’ (also called principals and school leaders) perceptions and experiences of school lunch. The main theoretical base is based on Henri Lefebvre’s theoretical framework of social production of space, applied mostly in Papers 2-4, together with an overarching conceptual framework of social constructivism, applied mostly in Paper 1. The thesis is based on a qualitative descriptive research design where the empirical part of the study is based on focus group discussions, empathy-based stories, a qualitative analysis of open comments from a questionnaire and in the fourth paper, individual interviews.Through the four papers performed within this thesis it is clear that the normative, social, emotional, physical and organizational dimensions are central to the way that school lunch is experienced and perceived. The results show that pupils, teachers and head teachers share the perception of school lunch as a space for socializing and eating. The results further show that the perceptions and experiences of school lunch are negatively affected by the way the school lunch is framed and organized at both school and municipality level, and that favorable conditions for the school lunch situation do not always exist. The main concerns are centered on the meal environment, time-restrictions, the logistics and the different structures that pupils, teachers and head teachers have to adapt to. These challenges may affect the possibility of influencing practices and adherence to policies. The physical and organizational dimensions of school lunch need to be acknowledged: specifically, time management and the extent to which school restaurants are purposively designed and built. This is something that should be also taken in consideration when designing and building new school restaurants.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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The lived experiences of school lunch : an empathy-based study with children in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Children's Geographies. - : Routledge. - 1473-3285 .- 1473-3277. ; 18:3, s. 339-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School lunch is in general regulated through policies and agendas constituted by the perspectives of adults. In this article, we focus on children’s lived experiences of school lunch with a special emphasis on emotions and how they relate to social and physical dimensions. This study draws on empathy-based stories written by 10–11 year olds (n = 171) from schools in Sweden. We identified three themes: Interaction and exposure, Routines and restrictions and Food and eating. The children’s lived experiences of school lunch and the emotions attached to them are closely associated and intertwined with the socio-spatial dimension of school lunch. A pleasant meal experience seems to require harmonization between the physical and social space whilst negative experiences contain tensions between them, something that actors working with school lunch and school lunch environments should take in consideration when resourcing, planning and scheduling school lunch, and also when designing new school restaurants.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bjuresäter, Kaisa, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported Professional Competence Among Swedish Contact Nurses in Cancer Care : A Cross-sectional Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancer Care Research Online. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2691-3623. ; 2:3, s. e024-e024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Since 2011, patients in Swedish cancer care have been offered a contact nurse (CN). The CN role is to improve patient participation, care continuity, and provide information and manage patients’ symptoms and needs across the whole continuum of the cancer pathway. A competence profile for the CN role is yet to be developed, and it is important to assess CNs’ self-reported competence to assure that they are well equipped for the role.Objectives: To assess self-reported professional competence among contact nurses working in Swedish cancer care and relate the findings to education level and clinical experience.Methods: The Nurse Professional Competence scale short form (35 items) was used to assess the nurses’ professional competence. Data were collected through a web-based survey in 2017 in 2 regional cancer centers in Sweden.Results: One hundred eight CNs participated in the study and reported highest scores in “value-based nursing care” and lowest scores in “development, leadership, and organization of nursing care.” Higher age, extended clinical work experience, and academic degree were significantly associated with higher competence.Conclusions: CNs with extensive work experience and CNs with an academic degree reported higher scores concerning their generic competence. There is a need in future studies to assess CNs’ specific competence in cancer care.Implications for Practice: There is room for improvement in the competence development of CNs, primarily in the areas of leadership and organization of nursing care.What is Foundational: CNs’ competence regarding leadership and organization should be improved, preferably as part of academic education.
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| 12. |
- Cámara, Elena, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Data mining of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants engineered for increased tolerance towards inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 0734-9750. ; 57
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of renewable plant biomass, lignocellulose, to produce biofuels and biochemicals using microbial cell factories plays a fundamental role in the future bioeconomy. The development of cell factories capable of efficiently fermenting complex biomass streams will improve the cost-effectiveness of microbial conversion processes. At present, inhibitory compounds found in hydrolysates of lignocellulosic biomass substantially influence the performance of a cell factory and the economic feasibility of lignocellulosic biofuels and chemicals. Here, we present and statistically analyze data on Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants engineered for altered tolerance towards the most common inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates: acetic acid, formic acid, furans, and phenolic compounds. We collected data from 7971 experiments including single overexpression or deletion of 3955 unique genes. The mutants included in the analysis had been shown to display increased or decreased tolerance to individual inhibitors or combinations of inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Moreover, the data included mutants grown on synthetic hydrolysates, in which inhibitors were added at concentrations that mimicked those of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Genetic engineering aimed at improving inhibitor or hydrolysate tolerance was shown to alter the specific growth rate or length of the lag phase, cell viability, and vitality, block fermentation, and decrease product yield. Different aspects of strain engineering aimed at improving hydrolysate tolerance, such as choice of strain and experimental set-up are discussed and put in relation to their biological relevance. While successful genetic engineering is often strain and condition dependent, we highlight the conserved role of regulators, transporters, and detoxifying enzymes in inhibitor tolerance. The compiled meta-analysis can guide future engineering attempts and aid the development of more efficient cell factories for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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| 13. |
- Da Silva Faria Oliveira, Fábio Luis, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Candida intermedia reveals genes for utilization of biotechnologically important carbon sources
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A future biobased society relies on efficient industrial microorganisms that can convert all sugars from agricultural, forestry and industrial waste streams into fuels, chemicals and materials. To be able to tailor-make such potent cell factories, we need a far better understanding of the proteins responsible for the assimilation of biotechnologically important carbon sources including pentoses, disaccharides and oligomers. The yeast Candida intermedia, known for its superior growth on xylose owing to its efficient uptake and conversion systems, can also utilize a range of other important carbon sources such as cellobiose, galactose and lactose. The aim of this project was to identify the genomic determinants for the utilization of these mono- and disaccharides in our in-house isolated C. intermedia strain CBS 141442. Genome sequencing and transcriptional (RNA seq) data analysis during growth in defined medium supplemented with glucose, xylose, galactose, lactose or cellobiose, revealed numerous distinct clusters of coregulated genes. By scanning the CBS 141442 genome for genes encoding Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) sugar transporters, and the RNA-seq dataset for the corresponding transcriptional profiles, we identified several novel genes encoding putative xylose transporters and multiple Lac12-like transporters likely involved in the uptake of disaccharides in C. intermedia. We also found that the yeast possesses no less than three genes encoding aldose reductases with different transcriptional profiles, and heterologous expression of the genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that the aldose reductases have different substrate and co-factor specificities, suggesting diverse physiological roles. Taken together, the results of this study provide insights into the mechanisms underlying carbohydrate metabolism in C. intermedia, and reveals several genes with potential future applications in cell factory development.
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| 14. |
- Da Silva Faria Oliveira, Fábio Luis, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Candida intermedia reveals important genes for xylose utilization
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The urgency to reduce carbon emissions and to lower our dependence on oil makes it necessary to strive towards a more sustainable bio-based economy, where energy, chemicals, materials and food are produced from renewable resources. Lignocellulosic biomass constitutes a great source of raw material for such a future bio-based economy since it is widely available, relatively inexpensive and do not compete with food and feed production. The pentose D-xylose, the second most prevalent sugar in lignocellulose after glucose, is an underutilized resource, in large due to the inefficient fermentation of this sugar by the most industrially relevant microorganisms (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Thus, development of microorganisms that can ferment all lignocellulosic sugars is of foremost importance for economically viable production processes. Native xylose-utilizing yeasts represent a major source of knowledge and genes for xylose uptake and assimilation that can be transferred to S. cerevisiae. The yeast Candida intermedia is an interesting candidate to characterize further, as it displays a high xylose transport capacity and multiple xylose reductases, of which one appears to prefer NADH over NAPDH. Furthermore, the C. intermedia strain CBS 141442, isolated in the liquid fraction of wheat straw hydrolysate in our laboratory as a contaminant of a xylose fermenting population of S. cerevisiae, is capable of glucose and xylose co-fermentation under certain conditions. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic features that are the basis of the xylose utilization capacity of C. intermedia CBS141442. PacBio sequencing and de novo assembly of the genome revealed a haploid yeast with a genome size of 13.2 Mb and a total of 5936 protein-coding genes spread over seven chromosomes. In order to gain insight on the genes involved in the utilization of xylose, we analysed the changes in the transcriptome of C. intermedia CBS141442 during growth in xylose and glucose (as reference condition). Cells were collected in mid-exponential phase at the maximum growth rate when no metabolites were accumulating. The total RNA was extracted and cDNA libraries were prepared after polyA selection. Each sample was sequenced in an Illumina HiSeq2500 system with an average cover of 5-20 million reads. The analysis of the differential expression data lead to the identification of two new genes potentially encoding xylose transporters and no less than three xylose reductases genes with different expression patterns. The xylose reductase genes were heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae to determine their co-factor preferences and substrate specificities. Whereas two of them are strictly NADPH-dependent, the third can use both co-factors and shows preference for NADH. The heterologous expression of this gene can improve the capacity of S. cerevisiae to ferment xylose, and thus contribute to a more efficient use of lignocellulosic biomass.
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| 15. |
- Da Silva Faria Oliveira, Fábio Luis, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Split-marker recombination for efficient targeted gene deletions in Candida intermedia
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Candida intermedia is a non-conventional yeast species with a natural ability to produce ethanol from xylose, making it an attractive non-GMO alternative for lignocellulosic biomass conversion in biorefineries and/or gene donor to Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve its xylose fermentation capacity. We have de novo genome sequenced the C. intermedia strain CBS 141442, previously isolated in our lab, which allows us to study the yeast at a genomic and molecular level. The aim of this project was to develop a molecular toolbox for C. intermedia to enable also targeted genome editing and subsequent mutant phenotyping. C. intermedia is a haploid yeast belonging to the CTG clade of fungal species, and thus requires drug-resistant markers adapted for the alternative codon usage of these organisms. Transformation of linearized plasmid containing the CaNAT1 marker flanked by the TEF1 promoter and terminator from Ashbya gossypii [1] resulted in hundreds of Nourseothricin-resistant transformants. We then constructed an ADE2-deletion cassette, where the CaNAT1 marker was fused to the upstream and downstream sequences (1000bp) of CiADE2. Transformations resulted in less than 1% of ade2 mutants with the characteristic red pigmentation, which indicates that the non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ) is dominant over the homologous recombination (HR) pathway in this yeast. Using the cell cycle inhibitor hydroxyurea to arrest cells in the S-phase has been shown to improve the HR/NHEJ ratio in other yeasts [2], and increased the ADE2 deletion efficiency to 4% in C. intermedia. To further improve the targeted deletion rate, we applied the "split-marker” strategy previously developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae [3]. Here, the selectable marker gene is truncated in two different fragments, and the gene is not functional until homologous recombination takes place between the two overlapping parts of the fragments. The truncated marker gene fragments were flanked by homologous sequences (1000 bp) upstream and downstream of the target gene using fusion PCR, thereby avoiding a tedious cloning step. This approach increased the targeted gene disruption of ADE2 to 56%. As proof of concept, the method was also used to delete KU70, the xylose reductase gene XYL1_2 as well as a large gene cluster in C. intermedia, with allele-specific HR efficiencies between 87 and 100%. The split-marker approach for targeted gene-disruptions will pave the way for high throughput genetic analysis in C. intermedia as well as in other yeasts where NHEJ is the predominant form of recombination.
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| 16. |
- Edlund, Sara, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Facing negative emotions : Evaluating the effects of training in affirmative communication for contact nurses in cancer care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 33:7, s. S1368-S1368
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: In cancer care, contact nurses daily meet people who deal with strong,aversive emotions in relation to that they have or may have cancer where the risk ofdying is constantly present. This places demands on the ability of contact nurses tomaster difficult conversations with strong emotional expressions. One communicationmethod known for its regulating effects on emotions is affirmative communication, socalled validation. The overall aim of the current study was to evaluate effects of atraining in validating communication for contact nurses in cancer care, aimed tostrengthen their ability to work in a person-centered way.Methods: This study had a within-group design with pre-, post- and follow-up mea-surements (2 months). Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate whether the vali-dation training coincided with an increase in validation and a decrease in invalidation.Contact nurses from six regions (n ¼ 17) with a generally long work experience as anurse participated in a digital validation training for six weeks (three training sessionsplus three pre-recorded theoretical lectures). Communicative behaviors wereassessed through video-recordings of interactions between the nurses and fictitiouspatients. The videos were encoded by independent coders and analyzed withdependent MANOVA.Results: The contact nurses showed a significant increase in validation and a signif-icant decrease in invalidation after the training. These effects remained at the 2-month follow-up.Conclusions: Experienced healthcare professionals’ affirmative communication skillscan be improved after a brief training in validation.
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| 17. |
- Edlund, Sara, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Facing negative emotions : Evaluation of a brief training in validating communication for contact nurses in cancer care
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Contact nurses in cancer care (CNCC) often face challenges when communicating with patients and their families. The overall aim was to evaluate a brief digital validation training for CNCC, to test whether it was associated with increased validation and decreased invalidation. Associations between communication skills in validation and markers of work-related stress were also investigated. Methods: This intervention study investigated associations between the training and validation skills using a within-group design with repeated measures (at pre, post, and eight-week follow-up). Additionally, associations between the training and occupational self-efficacy, self-validation, and exhaustion symptoms were explored. Results: Seventeen CNCCs (all female with relatively long work experience) completed a five-week digital training program. Results indicated a statistically significant increase in validation and a statistically significant decrease in invalidation, showing that the nurses improved their communication skills following the training. No changes were found in markers of work-related stress. Conclusion: The results indicate that digital validation training for CNCCs is potentially beneficial by means of improving communication skills. This study further demonstrates that a brief digital training in validating communication to CNCC is associated with improved person-centered communication regarding strong negative emotions.
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| 18. |
- Geijer, Cecilia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a novel non-GMO yeast for future lignocellulosic bioethanol production
- 2014
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Ingår i: ISSY31: 31ST International Specialised Symposium on Yeast.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL NON-GMO YEAST FOR FUTURE LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOETHANOL PRODUCTIONCecilia Geijer1, David Moreno1, Elia Tomas Pejo1, 2, Lisbeth Olsson11 Industrial Biotechnology , Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden2Unit of Biotechnological Processes for Energy Production, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles (Madrid), SpainContact details: cecilia.geijer@chalmers.seConcerns about climate change and the uncertainty about future fuel supply make renewable biofuels, such as bioethanol, attractive alternatives to fossil fuels in the short/medium term. Lignocellulosic biomass (for example spruce, wheat straw and corn stover) is an abundant raw material that can be utilized to produce ethanol with the help of a fermenting microorganism. Traditionally the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for industrial ethanol production. S. cerevisiae can be metabolically engineered to consume xylose (the second to glucose most prevalent monosaccharide in lignocellulose). However, despite many years of intensive research, it can still not ferment xylose in a satisfying way which affects the overall ethanol yield negatively. We have isolated a non-genetically modified (non-GMO) yeast species (here called C5-yeast) that has the natural ability to efficiently produce ethanol from glucose and xylose. The aim of the project is to further characterize the growth and fermentation capacities of this novel microorganism to elucidate its’ potential for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. We can show that besides glucose and xylose, the C5-yeast can also consume the pentose arabinose and the disaccharide cellobiose; both present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The C5-yeast rapidly converts the inhibitory sugar degradation products HMF and furfural formed during the conversion of lignocellulosic material into fermentable sugars.
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| 19. |
- Geijer, Cecilia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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De novo genome sequencing of the yeast Candida intermedia
- 2015
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Ingår i: 32nd International Specialized Symposium on Yeasts.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The urgency to reduce carbon emissions and to lower our dependence on oil makes it necessary to strive towards a more sustainable, bio-based economy where energy, chemicals, materials and food are produced from renewable resources. Lignocellulosic biomass constitutes a great source of raw material for such a future bio-based economy since it is widely available, relatively inexpensive and do not compete with food and feed production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used for bioethanol production and displays excellent glucose fermenting skills, but metabolic engineering is needed to allow consumption and fermentation of xylose (the second to glucose most prevalent sugar in lignocellulose). As an alternative to S. cerevisiae, microorganisms that naturally ferment xylose can be used. An unexpected discovery in our lab allowed us to isolate a clone of the non-conventional, xylose fermenting yeast species Candida intermedia. The aim of this project is to sequence the genome of C. intermedia as well as to develop a molecular toolbox to allow genetic manipulations of this yeast. PacBio sequencing and de novo assembly of the genome revealed a haploid yeast with a genome size of 13.2 Mb and a total of 5216 genes spread over seven chromosomes. Future activities include identification of genes involved in uptake and fermentation of sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass, and subsequent deletion/overexpression of interesting candidate genes to improve the fermentation capacity of the yeast.
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| 20. |
- Geijer, Cecilia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient lignocellulosic bioethanol production
- 2014
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Ingår i: 36th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant raw material that can be utilized to produce ethanol with the help of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; a promising alternative to today’s energy sources. Conversion of lignocellulosic material (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) into fermentable sugars including both hexoses and pentoses results in formation of inhibitory compounds such as acetic acid, furan aldehydes and phenolics that are known to inhibit the yeasts’ metabolic processes. The aims of this study were to i) generate S. cerevisiae strains that can readily convert glucose and xylose into ethanol in the presence of inhibitory compounds, and ii) elucidate the underlying genetic changes of importance for the improved properties of the generated strains. For these purposes, a strain of S. cerevisiae containing genes for xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase was used. The strain was subjected to mutagenesis followed by evolutionary engineering (repetitive batch and chemostat cultivation), which resulted in populations with improved ethanol yield, improved xylose conversion rate and increased inhibitor tolerance. The complex combination of different genetic alterations in the evolved populations will now be revealed using a DNA/RNA sequencing approach. The acquired knowledge of proteins and pathways important for efficient lignocellulosic bioethanol production will then hopefully allow directed engineering for further improvement of yeast performance.
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| 21. |
- Geijer, Cecilia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Candida intermedia reveals the genetic determinants for its xylose-converting capacity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background An economically viable production of biofuels and biochemicals from lignocellulose requires microorganisms that can readily convert both the cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions into product. The yeast Candida intermedia displays a high capacity for uptake and conversion of several lignocellulosic sugars including the abundant pentose d-xylose, an underutilized carbon source since most industrially relevant microorganisms cannot naturally ferment it. Thus, C. intermedia constitutes an important source of knowledge and genetic information that could be transferred to industrial microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve their capacity to ferment lignocellulose-derived xylose. Results To understand the genetic determinants that underlie the metabolic properties of C. intermedia, we sequenced the genomes of both the in-house-isolated strain CBS 141442 and the reference strain PYCC 4715. De novo genome assembly and subsequent analysis revealed C. intermedia to be a haploid species belonging to the CTG clade of ascomycetous yeasts. The two strains have highly similar genome sizes and number of protein-encoding genes, but they differ on the chromosomal level due to numerous translocations of large and small genomic segments. The transcriptional profiles for CBS 141442 grown in medium with either high or low concentrations of glucose and xylose were determined through RNA-sequencing analysis, revealing distinct clusters of co-regulated genes in response to different specific growth rates, carbon sources and osmotic stress. Analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic data also identified multiple xylose reductases, one of which displayed dual NADH/NADPH co-factor specificity that likely plays an important role for co-factor recycling during xylose fermentation. Conclusions In the present study, we performed the first genomic and transcriptomic analysis of C. intermedia and identified several novel genes for conversion of xylose. Together the results provide insights into the mechanisms underlying saccharide utilization in C. intermedia and reveal potential target genes to aid in xylose fermentation in S. cerevisiae.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Granrud, Marie Dahlen, et al.
(författare)
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Health Care Personnel's Perspectives on Quality of Palliative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Cross-Sectional
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1178-2390. ; 16, s. 2893-2903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The provision of high-quality palliative care is challenging, especially during a pandemic like COVID-19. The latter entailed major consequences for health care systems and health care personnel (HCP) in both specialist and community health care services, in Norway and worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore how the HCP perceived the quality of palliative care in nursing homes, medical care units, and intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. A total of 290 HCP from Norway participated in the study (RR = 25.8%) between October and December 2021. The questionnaire comprised items concerning respondents' demographics and quality of care, the latter measured by the short form of the Quality from the Patient's Perspective-Palliative Care instrument, adapted for HCP. The STROBE checklist was used. Results: This study shows that the HCP scored subjective importance as higher in all dimensions, items and single items than their perception of the actual care received. This could indicate a need for improvement in all areas. Information about medication, opportunity to participate in decisions about medical and nursing care and continuity regarding receiving help from the same physician and nurse are examples of areas for improvement. Conclusion: Study results indicate that HCP from nursing homes, medical care units, and intensive care units perceived that quality of palliative care provided was not in line with what they perceived to be important for the patient. This indicate that it was challenging to provide high-quality palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Janhonen, Kristiina, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative participation in a home economics context : using school meals as a part of sustainable education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Routledge. - 2000-4508.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This action research study explores how co-developing school meals can be taken as a case for education for sustainable development, as integrated to home economics education. We analyse a seven-month-process of collaborative participation in a Finnish secondary school conducted with two home economics teachers, a school food manager, and students during a voluntary home economics course. Data include interviews, multi-professional meetings, and professional reflections of the named school staff members (N = 3), as well as students’ (N = 8; 7th grade; aged 13–14 years) learning diaries, interviews and feedback questionnaire. We develop the term shared food sense (joint understanding, collective application, re-definition of co-action) as a conceptual tool for analysing food-related learning outcomes of the collaborative process. Analyses focused on 1) tensions emerging during the participatory work and 2) outcomes achieved through negotiation and collaboration, including roles that became possible for students to enact. Results show that collaboration succeeded in offering young people opportunities to influence and voice their opinions of school meals, as well as novel modes of interaction across the school’s social. However, students’ experiences of the participatory work varied, and power hierarchies among the different participating groups remained rather unchanged, demonstrating tensions between ideals and realities of participation.
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| 26. |
- Juniusdottir, Ragnheidur, et al.
(författare)
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Composition of school meals in Sweden, Finland and Iceland : Official guidelines and comparison with practice and availability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of School Health. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-4391 .- 1746-1561. ; 88:10, s. 744-753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Nutritious and attractive school meals can improve health equality and public health. Current official guidelines and recommendations on food and nutrient composition of school meals in 3 Nordic countries; Sweden, Finland, and Iceland, are described and compared with actual practice, ie, availability of foods and nutrients in served reference meals in 3 selected areas in each country.METHODS: A country comparison was made between official guidelines, and actual practice was studied in participating schools. Reference portions of school meals (N = 170) provided in 24 compulsory schools were photographed and weighed. Food and nutrient availability were compared with official guidelines in each country.RESULTS: Emphasis of recommendations on whole‐grain bread in Sweden, whole grains in Finland, and fish in Iceland were reflected in food availability. The energy content of the meals provided was lower than guidelines and there was a large variation in energy content between days.CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines regarding food availability were quite well followed, but the large variation in energy and nutrient content of provided school meals between days indicates a need for standardization.
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| 27. |
- Kautto, Ethel, et al.
(författare)
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Living with celiac disease : norms of femininity and the complications of everyday life
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Celiac Disease. - : Science and Education Publishing. - 2334-3427. ; 5:3, s. 115-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women with celiac disease are often described as being exposed to negative emotions and experiences related to the treatment of celiac disease, the gluten-free diet. To explore the daily consequences of diagnosis and their daily experiences of living with celiac disease, interviews were conducted with seven Swedish young women who had been diagnosed with celiac disease by screening in early adolescence. The semi-structured interview transcripts were content analysed using a gender perspective. The analysis showed that these young women`s daily experiences were coloured by the conjunction of their dietary treatment, their social relationships, and social norms. This means that recurrent food situations often clash with the normative constructions of femininity and social norms of eating with an adverse effect on dietary compliance.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Maertens, Jeroen, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular-dynamics-simulation-guided membrane engineering allows the increase of membrane fatty acid chain length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of lignocellulosic-based fermentation media will be a necessary part of the transition to a circular bio-economy. These media contain many inhibitors to microbial growth, including acetic acid. Under industrially relevant conditions, acetic acid enters the cell predominantly through passive diffusion across the plasma membrane. The lipid composition of the membrane determines the rate of uptake of acetic acid, and thicker, more rigid membranes impede passive diffusion. We hypothesized that the elongation of glycerophospholipid fatty acids would lead to thicker and more rigid membranes, reducing the influx of acetic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to predict the changes in membrane properties. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis thaliana genes fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE1) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 5 (GPAT5) increased the average fatty acid chain length. However, this did not lead to a reduction in the net uptake rate of acetic acid. Despite successful strain engineering, the net uptake rate of acetic acid did not decrease. We suggest that changes in the relative abundance of certain membrane lipid headgroups could mitigate the effect of longer fatty acid chains, resulting in a higher net uptake rate of acetic acid.
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| 30. |
- Moreno, A. D., et al.
(författare)
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Candida intermedia CBS 141442: A novel glucose/xylose co-fermenting isolate for lignocellulosic bioethanol production
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 13:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study describes the isolation of the novel strain Candida intermedia CBS 141442 and investigates the potential of this microorganism for the conversion of lignocellulosic streams. Different C. intermedia clones were isolated during an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment under the selection pressure of lignocellulosic hydrolysate and in strong competition with industrial, xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Isolates showed different but stable colony and cell morphologies when growing in a solid agar medium (smooth, intermediate and complex morphology) and liquid medium (unicellular, aggregates and pseudohyphal morphology). Clones of the same morphology showed similar fermentation patterns, and the C. intermedia clone I5 (CBS 141442) was selected for further testing due to its superior capacity for xylose consumption (90% of the initial xylose concentration within 72 h) and the highest ethanol yields (0.25 ± 0.02 g ethanol/g sugars consumed). Compared to the well-known yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis, the selected strain showed slightly higher tolerance to the lignocellulosic-derived inhibitors when fermenting a wheat straw hydrolysate. Furthermore, its higher glucose consumption rates (compared to S. stipitis) and its capacity for glucose and xylose co-fermentation makes C. intermedia CBS 141442 an attractive microorganism for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates, as demonstrated in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes.
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| 31. |
- Moreno, David, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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An engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cost-effective lignocellulosic bioethanol production: process performance and physiological insights
- 2015
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Ingår i: 37th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The success in the commercialization of lignocellulosic bioethanol relies on the development of microorganisms with efficient hexose and pentose fermentation and tolerance towards inhibitory by-products (acetic acid, furan aldehydes and phenolics) generated during biomass processing. Traditionally, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred microorganism for industrial ethanol production. Many years of research and development have been conducted to develop S. cerevisiae strains suitable for fermenting lignocellulosic-based streams. S. cerevisiae is robust and ferment glucose efficiently, but it has been proved to be difficult to genetically modify for efficient xylose fermentation. In this work, a xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain was subjected to evolutionary engineering, boosting its robustness and xylose fermentation capacity. The evolved strain was able to ferment a non-diluted enzymatic hydrolysate (representing 23% (w/w) dry matter of steam-exploded wheat straw), reaching ethanol titers higher than 5% (w/w) after 48 h. Within the first 24 h, glucose and xylose were co-consumed with rates of 3.1 and 0.7 g/L h, respectively, and converted to ethanol with yields corresponding to 93% of the theoretical. In addition, once glucose was depleted, xylose was consumed with a similar rate until reducing 70% of its initial concentration (36 h after inoculation). Besides investigating the fermentation parameters, the differences in gene expression levels and enzymatic activities of xylose-assimilating pathway were analyzed. These analyses will be the foundation for understanding the improved phenotype and the physiological mechanisms for efficient xylose fermentation, after which potential targets for subsequent metabolic engineering may be identified.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Moreno, David, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of oxygen on the fermentation performance of Candida intermedia: a study case for lignocellulosic bioethanol production
- 2015
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Ingår i: 32nd International Specialized Symposium on Yeasts.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microbial robustness is considered one of the remaining challenges for a cost-effective lignocellulosic bioethanol production. This concept stands for the efficient conversion of all sugars present in lignocellulose while dealing with the inhibitory compounds generated during biomass processing (furan derivatives, short chain organic acids and phenolic compounds) and fermentation (ethanol). In this context, efficient xylose conversion is crucial as it represents the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass. We have isolated a clone of the non-conventional xylose-fermenting yeast species Candida intermedia that shows great potential for being a non-genetically modified alternative for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. To understand its potential for industrial use, we performed a thorough physiological investigation of the strain. In the present work, the fermentation performance of the isolated clone was evaluated in glucose/xylose medium under different oxygen-limiting conditions to promote ethanol production. When oxygen was supplied with a flow rate of 1 vvm and a concentration ranging from 1% to 21% in the gas flow, a xylose consumption rate of 0.10-0.78 g/L h was observed. After glucose depletion, ethanol concentration remained constant and only xylitol (0.34-0.61 g/g) and cell biomass were further produced. When no oxygen was supplied, a maximum xylose consumption rate of 0.53 ± 0.04 g/L h was observed. Furthermore, almost 90% of the initial xylose concentration was consumed within the first 48 h and ethanol was produced continuously, even after glucose depletion. Regarding xylitol accumulation, a yield of 0.14 ± 0.04 g/g was found at 48 h of fermentation. In brief, we can conclude that C. intermedia requires low oxygen concentrations for triggering ethanol production, and that the presence of even low amounts of oxygen further on in the process has a detrimental effect in the conversion of xylose to ethanol.
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| 34. |
- Moreno, David, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary engineered Candida intermedia exhibits improved xylose utilization and robustness to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and ethanol
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0614 .- 0175-7598. ; 103:3, s. 1405-1416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of robust microorganisms that can efficiently ferment both glucose and xylose represents one of the major challenges in achieving a cost-effective lignocellulosic bioethanol production. Candida intermedia is a non-conventional, xylose-utilizing yeast species with a high-capacity xylose transport system. The natural ability of C. intermedia to produce ethanol from xylose makes it attractive as a non-GMO alternative for lignocellulosic biomass conversion in biorefineries. We have evaluated the fermentation capacity and the tolerance to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and the end product, ethanol, of the C. intermedia strain CBS 141442 isolated from steam-exploded wheat straw hydrolysate. In a mixed sugar fermentation medium, C. intermedia CBS 141442 co-fermented glucose and xylose, although with a preference for glucose over xylose. The strain was clearly more sensitive to inhibitors and ethanol when consuming xylose than glucose. C. intermedia CBS 141442 was also subjected to evolutionary engineering with the aim of increasing its tolerance to inhibitors and ethanol, and thus improving its fermentation capacity under harsh conditions. The resulting evolved population was able to ferment a 50% (v/v) steam-exploded wheat straw hydrolysate (which was completely inhibitory to the parental strain), improving the sugar consumption and the final ethanol concentration. The evolved population also exhibited a better tolerance to ethanol when growing in a xylose medium supplemented with 35.5 g/L ethanol. These results highlight the potential of C. intermedia CBS 141442 to become a robust yeast for the conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol.
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| 35. |
- Moreno, David, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing the tolerance of the non-conventional yeast Candida intermedia to ethanol and lignocellulose-derived inhibitors
- 2016
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Ingår i: 4th Symposium on Biotechnology Applied to Lignocelluloses.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The necessity of providing ‘robust microorganisms’ – defined as the ability to efficiently ferment all the available sugars (both hexoses and pentoses) and to cope with the main stressors present during the fermentation process (including biomass-derived products and ethanol) – represents one of the major challenges for a cost-effective lignocellulosic bioethanol production. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred fermentative microorganism in the current bioethanol industry due to its superior fermentation capacity of hexose sugars and its tolerance to several inhibitory compounds. The main disadvantage of S. cerevisiae is, however, its inability to ferment xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulose (>30% of the total sugar). Metabolic and evolutionary engineering methods have been applied to allow xylose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. Still, xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains lack an efficient xylose-to-ethanol conversion system and issues such as low xylose uptake rates and conversion yields, redox imbalance and the lack of simultaneous use of glucose and xylose are important parameters that still need to be optimized. As an alternative to genetically modified S. cerevisiae strains, non-conventional, native xylose-utilizing yeasts such as the Scheffersomyces species S. stipitis and S. shehatae, Spathaspora passalidarum and various Candida species (C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii or C. intermedia) have been considered for the fermentation of pentose sugars. These yeasts have, however, a modest tolerance to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and ethanol, which limits their applicability. Candida intermedia is a xylose-fermenting yeast species that encompasses a high capacity xylose transport system. This trait makes C. intermedia attractive for being a non-GMO alternative in the lignocellulosic bioethanol industry. In the present work, the ethanol tolerance and the fermentation capacity in the presence of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors of an in-house isolated C. intermedia strain was evaluated. The isolated strain showed a medium-tolerance towards lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, being more sensitive when using xylose as a carbon source. The ethanol concentration above which there is no growth was estimated to be 42 g/L when growing in glucose and 55 g/L when growing in xylose. The isolated strain was subjected to evolutionary engineering with the aim of increasing its tolerance towards both lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and ethanol. The obtained evolved population was able to ferment a lignocellulosic hydrolysate (steam-exploded wheat straw), not fermentable by the isolated strain. Furthermore, the evolved population produced higher biomass concentration (7.5-fold higher OD600nm values) when growing in the presence of 36 g/L ethanol, compared to the parental strain. These results highlight the potential of C. intermedia to become a robust yeast microorganism for the lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion.
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| 36. |
- Moreno, David, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and evolution of a novel non-saccharomyces xylose-fermenting strain for lignocellulosic bioethanol production
- 2014
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Ingår i: ISSY31: 31ST International Specialised Symposium on Yeast.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ISOLATION AND EVOLUTION OF A NOVEL NON-SACCHAROMYCES XYLOSE-FERMENTING STRAIN FOR LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOETHANOL PRODUCTIONAntonio D. Moreno1, Cecilia Geijer1, Elia Tomás-Pejó1,2, Lisbeth Olsson1.1Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology Group, Göteborg, Sweden. 2Unit of Biotechnological Processes for Energy Production, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.Contact e-mail: davidmo@chalmers.seThe economical success of lignocellulosic bioethanol requires the fermentation of all available sugars obtained during the process. Being the major pentose sugar in lignocellulose, the fermentation of xylose is, therefore, considered essential. The fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most promising candidate for lignocellulosic bioethanol production due to its excellent glucose fermentation capability, high ethanol tolerance and resistance to inhibitors presented in lignocellulosic streams. Nevertheless, the wild type S. cerevisae is not able to ferment xylose and all of the purpose-engineered Saccharomyces strains (genetically modified microorganisms (GMO)) are still far away from an economically viable lignocellulosic ethanol production. By chance, we have discovered a non-Saccharomyces xylose-fermenting yeast (here called C5-yeast), which shows a great potential to be used for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic streams. Unlike xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces strains, the C5-yeast is not genetically modified and its use by industries can aid in finding less legislative problems when reaching the market. In the present work, the C5-yeast was isolated from a xylose-fermenting population and evolutionary engineered to enhance its fermentation abilities and robustness. During the isolation process, three different morphologies (smooth, flat and wrinkled) of the C5-yeast were found when growing the xylose-fermenting population in plates with minimal media and xylose as a sole carbon source. Among all morphologies, flat-C5-yeast showed the highest xylose consumption rates (>90% after 72 h) and the highest ethanol conversion yields (≈50% of the theoretical considering glucose and xylose) during the fermentation of wheat straw hydrolysates. The isolated flat-C5-yeast was selected for evolutionary engineering in order to enhance its sugar conversion yields and the tolerance towards the inhibitory compounds that are present in the hydrolysate. Although further characterization is needed, an evolved C5-yeast could be considered as a suitable fermentative strain for lignocellulosic bioethanol production.
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| 37. |
- Namatovu, Fredinah, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood conditions and celiac disease risk among children in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:7, s. 572-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate celiac disease (CD) clustering at different geographical levels and to examine the association between neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic conditions and the risk of neighborhood CD.Methods: We included 2080 children diagnosed with CD between 1998 and 2003, identified from 43 of the 47 reporting hospitals in Sweden. A total of 8036 small area market statistics (SAMS) areas were included; these were nested in 253 municipalities that were further nested into eight ‘nomenclature of territorial units for statistics’ (NUTS) 2 regions. We performed multilevel logistic regression analyses.Results: We found the highest geographical variation in CD incidence at the municipality level, compared to the region level. The probability of having CD increased in the statistical areas of (SAMS) areas with higher average annual work income, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.24 and 95% CI of 1.76–2.85. Reduced CD risk in neighborhoods was associated with higher average age (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.95–0.97), higher proportion of residents with a university education (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and higher level of industrial and commercial activity (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.44–0.82). We found no significant association between CD risk and population density, proportion of Nordic to non-Nordic inhabitants, nor share of the population with only a compulsory education.Conclusions: Neighborhood composition influences CD risk. This is one of the first attempts to identify factors explaining geographical variation in CD.
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| 38. |
- Nordyke, Katrina, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiological research drives a paradigm shift in complementary feeding : the celiac disease story and lessons learnt
- 2010
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Ingår i: Drivers of Innovation in Pediatric Nutrition. - : S. Karger. - 9783805594547 - 9783805594554 ; , s. 65-79
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breast milk is the initial natural food for infants, but already during the second half year complementary feeding is essential. Epidemiological research, first on celiac disease and later on atopic diseases, has driven a paradigm shift with respect to most favorable age to introduce complementary feeding. Simplified, this implies a shift from later to earlier introduction, which is now taken into account in recommendations on infant feeding. Complementary feeding, including all foods, should not be initiated for any infant before 4 months of age, and not later than around 6 months, including infants with elevated disease risk (e.g. for celiac disease or atopic diseases). Motivating reasons could be that ongoing breastfeeding provides an 'immunological umbrella' and/ or a different age interval gives a 'window of opportunity' for developing oral tolerance towards gluten and other food antigens. This will for some infants be in conflict with recent WHO recommendations on exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Epidemiology has evolved over time and could, if increasingly used, contribute even more to innovations in pediatric nutrition and other phenomena related to population health.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Olsson, Cecilia, 1963-
(författare)
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Celiac disease in Swedish children and adolescents : variations in incidence and essentials of gluten-free eating with a youth perspective
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Sweden has experienced a unique epidemic of celiac disease (CD) in children younger than 2 years of age. The epidemic was partly explained by changes over time in infant feeding and indicated a multifactorial aetiology. In CD, a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is crucial for health but noncompliance is often reported among adolescents. Knowledge is limited regarding their own perspectives and experiences of managing the disease and adhering to GFD. Objectives To analyse the incidence of CD in epidemic and post epidemic birth cohorts, and explore and understand how adolescents with CD perceive and manage their everyday lives in relation to the GFD. Methods A population-based incidence register of CD in children covering the entire nation from 1998 to 2003, and part of the country back to 1973. ESPGHAN diagnostic criteria for CD and NUTS classification of regions were used. Incidence rates for each year of diagnosis, age group, gender and region, and cumulative incidence by age for each birth cohort were calculated. Ten focus groups were conducted with 47 CD adolescents aged 15-18 years. Transcribed interviews were analysed to illustrate and explain adolescents’ own perspectives concerning life with a GFD, and to search for recurrent stigma-related themes across the groups. Results A considerable gap in the cumulative incidence of CD at comparable ages was demonstrated between birth cohorts of the epidemic and post-epidemic periods. The gap persisted during pre-school years, although it decreased somewhat with age. During the final years of follow-up there was again a gradual increase in incidence rate among children younger than 2 years of age. The childhood populations in ‘West Sweden’ and ‘Småland and the islands’ had a significantly higher incidence rate compared to ‘North Middle Sweden’ and ‘Stockholm’. CD adolescents described an awareness of being different from others produced by meal appearance and the poor availability of gluten-free (GF) food. Eating in public had the effect of making an invisible condition visible and thereby creating a context for felt or enacted stigma. Maintaining invisibility avoided the negative consequences of stigma. The probability of compliance with the GFD was compromised by insufficient knowledge of significant others, problems with the availability and sensory acceptance of GF food, insufficient social support and their perceived dietary deviance. Three different approaches to the GFD emerged: compliers, occasional non-compliers, and non-compliers. Conclusions The difference in CD risk between birth cohorts at comparable ages may suggest an opportunity for primary prevention. Based on post-epidemic incidence trends, the Swedish epidemic might not have been as unique as previously thought, even though its magnitude was striking. The regional variation in CD risk supports multifactorial aetiology. Continued efforts are warranted to define factors besides gluten exposure that modulate CD risk. CD adolescents experience various dilemmas related to the GFD. It can produce stigma experiences in adolescence, and dietary compliance (or lack of) can be understood in terms of dealing with GFD concealment and disclosure. The increase in CD prevalence over time and unmet needs in young celiacs require resources to attain adequate levels of dietetic provision, regulated subsidies for covering additional costs for GF food, evidence-based practice, and increased general CD awareness for optimum clinical outcomes.
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| 41. |
- Olsson, Cecilia, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Food that makes you different : the stigma experienced by adolescents with celiac disease
- 2009
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 19:7, s. 976-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For adolescents with celiac disease (CD), a gluten-free diet(GFD) is crucial for health, but compliance is problematic andnoncompliance is common even among those aware of the risks.To better understand their lives with the disease, Swedish CDadolescents were invited to take part in focus group discussions.Data were analyzed for recurrent stigma-related themes acrossthe groups. Adolescents described an awareness of being differentfrom others that was produced by meal appearance and the pooravailability of gluten-free food. The GFD often required discussionsand special requests, so eating in public had the effect ofmaking an invisible condition visible, and thereby creatinga context for felt or enacted stigma. Maintaining invisibilityavoided negative consequences of stigma, and other strategieswere used to reduce the costs of visibility. The results ofthe study show that the GFD can produce stigma experiences inadolescence, and that dietary compliance (or lack thereof) canbe understood in terms of dealing with GFD concealment and disclosure.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Olsson, Cecilia, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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High availability of vegetables and fruit through government-funded school lunch is not reflected in 4th grade pupils' intake
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An increased intake of vegetable and fruit (VF) through school meals can contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate what types of VF 4th grade pupils (10–11 years old) choose, how much they eat when they are given the opportunity to serve themselves from the daily vegetable buffet available at lunch, and whether this varies with socioeconomic background and gender.Design: A cross-sectional study design was used where pupils’ VF intake was measured during 5 days with a photographic method. In total, 196 pupils from nine public schools participated.Results: The results show that pupils on average ate less than one type of VF per day from the vegetable buffet. Girls, pupils with a higher socio-economic status (SES) and those with a more frequent VF intake at home, ate more types of VF per day from the vegetable buffet than their counterparts. The median intake of VF from the vegetable buffet was generally low, 20.4 g/day. The intake was two thirds higher for pupils with higher SES in comparison with pupils with lower SES; 25 g/day versus14 g/day (P = 0.001). No gender differences in grams per day of VF were identified (P = 0.123).Discussion: This study indicates that a well-stocked vegetable buffet as part of government-funded school lunch does not automatically contribute substantially to the recommended daily intake of VF among a sample of 4th grade pupils in a high-income country like Sweden.Conclusions: The results of the study can be interpreted as a missed opportunity to increase the intentional consumption of VF among pupils in a way that would have implications for public health as well as attenuating differences between socioeconomic groups.
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| 44. |
- Olsson, Cecilia, 1963-
(författare)
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Kostavvikelser : social identitet och stigma
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Mat och ätande. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144131672 ; , s. 195-210
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Olsson, Cecilia, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional variation in celiac disease risk within Sweden revealed by the nationwide prospective incidence register.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 98:2, s. 337-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To determine if there is any regional celiac disease (CD) risk variation in the Swedish childhood population. METHODS: Prospective nationwide Swedish incidence register of CD in children 0-15 years of age, with the present analysis covering the period from 1998 to 2003. ESPGHAN diagnostic criteria for CD were used. Regions were classified according to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics. The incidence rate for each region, gender, age group and year of diagnosis was calculated. RESULTS: A regional variation in CD risk was demonstrated. The childhood populations in 'West Sweden' and 'Småland and the islands', situated in the southern part of the country, had a significantly higher incidence rate compared to in 'North Middle Sweden' and 'Stockholm', situated in the central part. This regional variation was not explained by variations in risk by gender, age at diagnosis or year of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The Swedish regional variation in CD risk supports multifactorial disease aetiology. Continued efforts are warranted to define factors, besides gluten exposure, that modulate CD risk.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Olsson, Lisbeth, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial robustness in bioprocesses
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yeast is broadly exploited for industrial use, and strains are constantly improved to meet the requirements to produce the targeted product with high yield, productivity and titer. Successful strains have consistent performance also in presence of different perturbations, i.e. their performance is robust. The concept of microbial robustness will be discussed and contrasted to tolerance toward specific stresses. Furthermore, a method to quantitatively assess microbial robustness will be presented. This method allows a high throughput evaluation, in a perturbation space where different cellular function can form the basis for the evaluation. Another important tool box to examine intracellular status in face of pertubations are biosensors. Examples of applying these two methodologies towards microbial robustness will be discussed. We have used the tools to scale down bioprocesses and their perturbation, to follow adaptive laboratory evolution and to gain understanding of subpopulations.
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| 50. |
- Olsson, Lisbeth, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Robustness: linking strain design to viable bioprocesses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7799 .- 1879-3096. ; 40:8, s. 918-931
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial cell factories are becoming increasingly popular for the sustainable production of various chemicals. Metabolic engineering has led to the design of advanced cell factories; however, their long-term yield, titer, and productivity falter when scaled up and subjected to industrial conditions. This limitation arises from a lack of robustness – the ability to maintain a constant phenotype despite the perturbations of such processes. This review describes predictable and stochastic industrial perturbations as well as state-of-the-art technologies to counter process variability. Moreover, we distinguish robustness from tolerance and discuss the potential of single-cell studies for improving system robustness. Finally, we highlight ways of achieving consistent and comparable quantification of robustness that can guide the selection of strains for industrial bioprocesses.
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