| 1. |
- Lindholm, Anna Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of NOx over a combined NSR and SCR system
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 98:3-4, s. 112-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow reactor experiments are performed over a model Pt/Ba/Al catalyst, an Fe-beta sample, and over a combined system where the Pt/Ba/Al catalyst is placed upstream the Fe-beta sample. The combined system show a superior NOx removal efficiency and a lower ammonia slip compared to the single Pt/Ba/Al catalyst at all temperatures examined. Ammonia, formed during the rich period over the Pt/Ba/Al, is stored in the SCR catalyst and consumed in the following lean period which results in a decrease of the NH3 slip and an increase of the NOx removal efficiency. The optimum temperature for NOx removal of the combined system is 300 degrees C; at this temperature a remarkably high NOx removal efficiency of 99.5% is achieved. The SCR catalyst exhibit a high ammonia adsorption capacity at 200 degrees C which results in a very low NH3 yield (3%) and a high N-2 yield (85%) for the combined NSR and SCR system. There is a benefit when NO2 is present in the feed at low temperatures. The NOx removal efficiency of the combined system increases due to the increase in the amount of NOx stored over the Pt/Ba/Al sample. Furthermore, the amount of NOx removed over the combined system is influenced by the amount of hydrogen in the rich periods. A higher hydrogen concentration enhances the NOx removal efficiency at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures an optimum hydrogen concentration exists due to ammonia inhibition of the SCR reaction when an excessively high H-2 concentration is used. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Bendtsen, Marcus, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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mHealth intervention for multiple lifestyle behaviour change among high school students in Sweden (LIFE4YOUth) : Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Public Health Nursing. - : BMC. - 0737-1209 .- 1525-1446 .- 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNational surveys in Sweden demonstrate that the majority of young people do not engage in health promoting behaviours at levels recommended by the Public Health Agency of Sweden. The objective of this study is to estimate the effectiveness of a novel mHealth intervention named LIFE4YOUth, which targets multiple lifestyle behaviours (alcohol, diet, physical activity, and smoking) among high school students in Sweden.MethodsA 2-arm parallel groups single blind randomised controlled trial (1:1) will be employed to estimate the effectiveness of the novel mHealth intervention. Students will be recruited at high schools throughout Sweden, and will be included if they fulfil one of six criteria relating to unhealthy behaviours with respect to alcohol, diet, physical activity and smoking. Eligible participants will be randomised to either receive the novel intervention immediately, or to be placed on a waiting list for 4 months. The intervention consists of a combination of recurring screening, text messages, and an interactive platform which is adaptable to individual preferences. Outcome measures with respect to alcohol, diet, physical activity and smoking will be assessed through questionnaires at 2 and 4 months post randomisation.DiscussionThe findings of this trial could be generalised to a diverse high-school student population as our recruitment encompass a large proportion of schools throughout Sweden with various educational profiles. Furthermore, if effective, the mHealth intervention has good potential to be able to be scaled up and disseminated at high schools nationally.Trial registrationRegistered prospectively on 2020-05-20 in ISRCTN (ISRCTN34468623).
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| 3. |
- Brunosson, Albina, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of cooking in food and meal science
- 2013
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Ingår i: 8th International Conference on Culinary Arts and Sciences. - 9789898631084 ; , s. 206-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education and research within the interdisciplinary subject food and meal science can be mediated through science, craft and creativity and cooking is a central activity. This paper aims at elucidating some aspects of cooking through the perspectives “Culture and Communication” “Food Science” and “Nutrition and Health”. This was done through a survey among students and teachers. The results stress the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to understand the different aspects of cooking and the prominent view on cooking as a cultural and communicative activity.
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| 4. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluations of Actiheart, IDEEA and RT3 monitors for estimating activity energy expenditure in free-living women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2048-6790. ; 2:e31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activity energy expenditure (AEE) during free-living conditions can be assessed using devices based on different principles. To make proper comparisons of different devices' capacities to assess AEE, they should be evaluated in the same population. Thus, in the present study we evaluated, in the same group of subjects, the ability of three devices to assess AEE in groups and individuals during free-living conditions. In twenty women, AEE was assessed using RT3 (three-axial accelerometry) (AEERT3), Actiheart (a combination of heart rate and accelerometry) (AEEActi) and IDEEA (a multi-accelerometer system) (AEEIDEEA). Reference AEE (AEEref) was assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Average AEEActi was 5760 kJ per 24 h and not significantly different from AEEref (5020 kJ per 24 h). On average, AEERT3 and AEEIDEEA were 2010 and 1750 kJ per 24 h lower than AEEref, respectively (P < 0·001). The limits of agreement (± 2 sd) were 2940 (Actiheart), 1820 (RT3) and 2650 (IDEEA) kJ per 24 h. The variance for AEERT3 was lower than for AEEActi (P = 0·006). The RT3 classified 60 % of the women in the correct activity category while the corresponding value for IDEEA and Actiheart was 30 %. In conclusion, the Actiheart may be useful for groups and the RT3 for individuals while the IDEEA requires further development. The results are likely to be relevant for a large proportion of Western women of reproductive age and demonstrate that the procedure selected to assess physical activity can greatly influence the possibilities to uncover important aspects regarding interactions between physical activity, diet and health.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nyberg, Maria, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the meal concept : an interdisciplinary literature overview
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The meal concept is used in varying contexts, and within several scientific fields, however often without a clear definition of what it includes. The meal has been identified as a subject in multiple research areas such as nutrition, medicine, sensory science, history, design product development, food service, biology, physiology, anthropology, sociology, psychology, marketing and so forth 1. A meal may be defined and identified by the time of the day, by its energy content and how the food is combined as well as by its social interactions, implying that it may be understood in relation to the food itself as well as to the social and cultural context 2. The meal has also been discussed in relation to the concept of “snacks”, where a meal has been defined as a “structured food event”, while “snacks” represent “unstructured food events”3 . Some attempts have been made in order to define the meal and also to present a more holistic model of what it includes. One way of defining the meal is by using certain cues related to food as well as the environment 4. Another example is the Five Aspects Meal Model (FAMM) which was developed as a model in the early 2000s 5, with the ambition to capture an entirety of the meal by including the room, the meeting, the product, the logistics and the atmosphere in defining and understanding a meal. Although there have been many attempts trying to find a general and precise definition, the complexity makes it difficult, and maybe impossible, to capture the meal concept in a single definition 6. Different disciplines focus on various aspects, which may complicate a common understanding 7,8,9.It has been stated that meals are only one form of eating 10, and that the meal alone does not capture the diversity of todays’ eating. Still, it is recurrently used as a point of reference and as a norm for discussions concerning food and eating. The meal concept is however in constant change and must be understood in relation to societal patterns and norms, how we organize our eating and what role food plays as a social and cultural glue 2, but also in relation to our perception of health, sustainability, convenience and so forth. Other concepts, such as “eating episodes” 11,12, “eating occasions” see f ex. 13 and “eating events” 14 have also been used as attempts to illuminate the complexity of food habits. Nonetheless, the meal is still universally used and recurrent in various research works, and therefore it is of importance to investigate how the concept is actually used and understood in the different areas related to food- and meal science, an interdisciplinary field studying food and meals within Food science, Nutrition and health, and Food culture and communication.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Hanna, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Actiheart and a 7d activity diary for estimating free-living total and activity energy expenditure using criterion methods in 1 center dot 5- and 3-year-old children
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 111:10, s. 1830-1840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate and easy-to-use methods to assess free-living energy expenditure in response to physical activity in young children are scarce. In the present study, we evaluated the capacity of (1) 4d recordings obtained using the Actiheart (mean heart rate (mHR) and mean activity counts (mAC)) to provide assessments of total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and (2) a 7d activity diary to provide assessments of physical activity levels (PAL) using three sets of metabolic equivalent (MET) values (PAL(Torun), PAL(Adolph) and PAL(Ainsworth)) in forty-four and thirty-one healthy Swedish children aged 1 center dot 5 and 3 years, respectively. Reference TEE, PAL(ref) and AEE were measured using criterion methods, i.e. the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. At 1 center dot 5 years of age, mHR explained 8% (P=0 center dot 006) of the variation in TEE above that explained by fat mass and fat-free mass. At 3 years of age, mHR and mAC explained 8 (P=0 center dot 004) and 6 (P=0 center dot 03)% of the variation in TEE and AEE, respectively, above that explained by fat mass and fat-free mass. At 1 center dot 5 and 3 years of age, average PAL(Ainsworth) values were 1 center dot 44 and 1 center dot 59, respectively, and not significantly different from PAL(ref) values (1 center dot 39 and 1 center dot 61, respectively). By contrast, average PAL(Torun) (1 center dot 5 and 3 years) and PAL(Adolph) (3 years) values were lower (Pless than0 center dot 05) than the corresponding PAL(ref) values. In conclusion, at both ages, Actiheart recordings explained a small but significant fraction of free-living energy expenditure above that explained by body composition variables, and our activity diary produced mean PAL values in agreement with reference values when using MET values published by Ainsworth.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Roos, Sandra, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A Function‐Based Approach for Life Cycle Management of Chemicals in the Textile Industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:1273, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumer products such as clothes and footwear sometimes contain chemical substances with properties that pose a risk to human health and the environment. These substances, restricted by law or company policy, are in focus for chemicals management processes by textile retailers. However, complex and non‐transparent supply chains, and limited chemical knowledge, makes chemicals management challenging. Therefore, a function‐based approach for life cycle management (LCM) of chemicals was developed, based on results of previous projects and evaluated using a two‐step Delphi process. The resulting approach aims to help retailers identify and substitute hazardous substances in products, and consists of three parts: (i) a function‐based chemicals management concept model for different levels of chemical information within the supply chain, (ii) tools for non‐chemists which explain chemical information, and (iii) a continuous provision of knowledge to stakeholders (e.g., retailers) in a network. This approach is successfully implemented by over 100 retailers in the Nordic countries, providing the textile industry with practical and robust tools to manage and substitute hazardous chemicals in products and production processes. We conclude that the developed approach provides an explicit link, communication, and knowledge sharing between actors in the supply chain, which has proven important in chemicals LCM.
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| 11. |
- Sjövall, Hanna Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A Kinetic Model for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over an Fe-zeolite Catalyst
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5045 .- 0888-5885. ; 49:1, s. 39-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia over all Fe-zeolite catalyst was investigated experimentally and a transient kinetic model was developed. The model includes reactions that describe ammonia storage and oxidation, NO oxidation, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO and NO2, formation of N2O, ammonia inhibition and ammonium nitrate formation. The model call account for a broad range of experimental conditions in the presence of H2O, CO2 and O-2 at temperatures from 150 to 650 degrees C. The catalyst stores ammonia at temperatures up to 400 degrees C and shows ammonia oxidation activity from 350 degrees C. The catalyst is also active for the oxidation of NO to NO2 and the oxidation reaches equilibrium at 500 degrees C. The SCR of NO is already active at 150 degrees C and the introduction of equal amounts of NO and NO2 greatly enhances the conversion of NOx at temperatures up to 300 degrees C. The formation of N2O is negligible if small fractions of NO2 are fed to the reactor, but a significant amount of N2O is formed at high NO2 to NO ratios. An ammonia inhibition oil the SCR of NO is observed at 200 degrees C. This kinetic model contains 12 reactions and is able to describe the experimental results Well. The model was validated using short transient experiments and experimental conditions not used in the parameter estimation and predicted these new conditions adequately.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Sjövall, Hanna Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed kinetic modeling of NH3 SCR over Cu-ZSM-5
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 92:1-2, s. 138-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of flow reactor experiments and detailed kinetic modeling was used to study the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 over Cu-ZSM-5. The model was developed in several steps and the SCR mechanism presented here is based on our earlier work on two subsystems: ammonia storage and ammonia oxidation with and without water, and NOx adsorption and NO oxidation. In this work, the subsystems were combined with reaction steps for the reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia. The SCR mechanism involves a reaction between adsorbed NO2 and NH3, formation of HNO2 and HNO3 and the final reduction to N2 or N2O. Seven experiments that describe the catalytic activity using various feed combinations of NO, NO2 and NH3 in both dry and wet feeds were used in the model development. These experiments investigate the SCR of NO over a wide temperature range, the influence of using various NO to NO2 ratios at 175 °C, the influence of changing NO to NO2 ratio at 350 °C, the NO oxidation in wet feed, and the ammonia inhibition at low temperature. The model was also validated using six new experiments. The predicted NOx conversions and formations of N2O correlated well with the experimental results and show that the detailed kinetic model developed in this study could be used successfully to describe several experimental observations over a wide range of temperatures.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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