| 1. |
- Arlien-Soborg, Mai C., et al.
(author)
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Acromegaly management in the Nordic countries: A Delphi consensus survey
- 2024
-
In: Clinical Endocrinology. - : WILEY. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveAcromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The therapeutic options include surgery, medical treatment, and radiotherapy. Several guidelines and recommendations on treatment algorithms and follow-up exist. However, not all recommendations are strictly evidence-based. To evaluate consensus on the treatment and follow-up of patients with acromegaly in the Nordic countries.MethodsA Delphi process was used to map the landscape of acromegaly management in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland. An expert panel developed 37 statements on the treatment and follow-up of patients with acromegaly. Dedicated endocrinologists (n = 47) from the Nordic countries were invited to rate their extent of agreement with the statements, using a Likert-type scale (1-7). Consensus was defined as >= 80% of panelists rating their agreement as >= 5 or <= 3 on the Likert-type scale.ResultsConsensus was reached in 41% (15/37) of the statements. Panelists agreed that pituitary surgery remains first line treatment. There was general agreement to recommend first-generation somatostatin analog (SSA) treatment after failed surgery and to consider repeat surgery. In addition, there was agreement to recommend combination therapy with first-generation SSA and pegvisomant as second- or third-line treatment. In more than 50% of the statements, consensus was not achieved. Considerable disagreement existed regarding pegvisomant monotherapy, and treatment with pasireotide and dopamine agonists.ConclusionThis consensus exploration study on the management of patients with acromegaly in the Nordic countries revealed a relatively large degree of disagreement among experts, which mirrors the complexity of the disease and the shortage of evidence-based data.
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| 2. |
- Arlien-Søborg, Mai C., et al.
(author)
-
Acromegaly management in the nordic countries : a Delphi consensus survey
- 2024
-
In: Clinical Endocrinology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Acromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The therapeutic options include surgery, medical treatment, and radiotherapy. Several guidelines and recommendations on treatment algorithms and follow-up exist. However, not all recommendations are strictly evidence-based. To evaluate consensus on the treatment and follow-up of patients with acromegaly in the Nordic countries.Methods: A Delphi process was used to map the landscape of acromegaly management in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland. An expert panel developed 37 statements on the treatment and follow-up of patients with acromegaly. Dedicated endocrinologists (n = 47) from the Nordic countries were invited to rate their extent of agreement with the statements, using a Likert-type scale (1−7). Consensus was defined as ≥80% of panelists rating their agreement as ≥5 or ≤3 on the Likert-type scale.Results: Consensus was reached in 41% (15/37) of the statements. Panelists agreed that pituitary surgery remains first line treatment. There was general agreement to recommend first-generation somatostatin analog (SSA) treatment after failed surgery and to consider repeat surgery. In addition, there was agreement to recommend combination therapy with first-generation SSA and pegvisomant as second- or third-line treatment. In more than 50% of the statements, consensus was not achieved. Considerable disagreement existed regarding pegvisomant monotherapy, and treatment with pasireotide and dopamine agonists.Conclusion: This consensus exploration study on the management of patients with acromegaly in the Nordic countries revealed a relatively large degree of disagreement among experts, which mirrors the complexity of the disease and the shortage of evidence-based data.
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| 3. |
- Forslund, Sofia K., et al.
(author)
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Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations
- 2021
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7889, s. 500-505
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1–5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
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| 4. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(author)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Adiels, Emil, 1989, et al.
(author)
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The use of virtual work for the formfinding of fabric, shell and gridshell structures
- 2018
-
In: Proceedings of the Advances in Architectural Geometry conference 2018. - 9783903015135 ; , s. 286-315
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of the virtual work theorem enables one to derive the equations of static equilibrium of fabric, shell and gridshell structures from the compatibility equations linking the rate of deformation of a surface to variations in its velocity. If the structure is treated as a continuum there is no need to consider its micro-structure provided that the grid is fine compared to the overall geometry. Thus we can include fabrics, ribbed shells, corrugated shells and gridshells with a fine grid, such as the Mannheim Multihalle. The equilibrium equations are almost identical to those obtained by assuming that a shell is thin and of uniform thickness, but are more general in their application. Our formulation introduces the concept of geodesic bending moments which are relevant to gridshell structures with continuous laths. The virtual work theorem is more general than the energy theorems, which it in- cludes as a special case. Hence it can be applied to surfaces which admit some form of potential, including minimal surfaces and hanging fabrics. We can then use the calculus of variations for the minimization of a surface integral to define the form of a structure. Many existing formfinding techniques can be rewritten in this way, but we concen- trate on surfaces which minimize the surface integral of the mean curvature subject to a constraint on the enclosed volume, producing a surface of constant Gaussian curvature. This naturally leads to the more general study of conjugate stress and curvature directions, and hence to quadrilateral mesh gridshells with flat cladding panels and no bending moments in the structural members under own weight.
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| 6. |
- Anderson, Helén, et al.
(author)
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Skapa kundnärvaro i innovationsprocessen
- 2008
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In: Innovationsförmåga. - Malmö : Holmbergs i Malmö AB. - 9789197785204 ; , s. 40-59
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 7. |
- Bosch, Jan, et al.
(author)
-
The Early Stage Software Startup Development Model : A Framework for Supporting Lean Principles in Software Startups
- 2013
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In: Lean Enterprise Software and Systems. LESS 2013.. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 1-15
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Software startups are more popular than ever and growing in numbers. They operate under conditions of extreme uncertainty and face many challenges. Often, agile development practices and lean principles are suggested as ways to increase the odds of succeeding as a startup, as they both advocate close customer collaboration and short feedback cycles focusing on delivering direct customer value. However, based on an interview study we see that despite guidance and support in terms of well-known and documented development methods, practitioners find it difficult to implement and apply these in practice. To explore this further, and to propose operational support for software startup companies, this study aims at investigating (1) what are the typical challenges when finding a product idea worth scaling, and (2) what solution would serve to address these challenges. To this end, we propose the ‘Early Stage Software Startup Development Model’ (ESSSDM). The model extends already existing lean principles, but offers novel support for practitioners for investigating multiple product ideas in parallel, for determining when to move forward with a product idea, and for deciding when to abandon a product idea. The model was evaluated in a software startup project, as well as with industry professionals within the software startup domain.
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| 8. |
- Bosch, Jan, 1967, et al.
(author)
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The Early Stage Software Startup Development Model: A Framework for Operationalizing Lean Principles in Software Startups
- 2013
-
In: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 167, s. 1-15
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Software startups are more popular than ever and growing in numbers. They operate under conditions of extreme uncertainty and face many challenges. Often, agile development practices and lean principles are suggested as ways to increase the odds of succeeding as a startup, as they both advocate close customer collaboration and short feedback cycles focusing on delivering direct customer value. However, based on an interview study we see that despite guidance and support in terms of well-known and documented development methods, practitioners find it difficult to implement and apply these in practice. To explore this further, and to propose operational support for software startup companies, this study aims at investigating (1) what are the typical challenges when finding a product idea worth scaling, and (2) what solution would serve to address these challenges. To this end, we propose the ‘Early Stage Software Startup Development Model’ (ESSSDM). The model extends already existing lean principles, but offers novel support for practitioners for investigating multiple product ideas in parallel, for determining when to move forward with a product idea, and for deciding when to abandon a product idea. The model was evaluated in a software startup project, as well as with industry professionals within the software startup domain.
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| 9. |
- Christiansen, Evald H, et al.
(author)
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Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide PCI.
- 2017
-
In: The New England journal of medicine. - : Massachussetts Medical Society. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 376:19, s. 1813-1823
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is an index used to assess the severity of coronary-artery stenosis. The index has been tested against fractional flow reserve (FFR) in small trials, and the two measures have been found to have similar diagnostic accuracy. However, studies of clinical outcomes associated with the use of iFR are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether iFR is noninferior to FFR with respect to the rate of subsequent major adverse cardiac events.We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial using the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry for enrollment. A total of 2037 participants with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome who had an indication for physiologically guided assessment of coronary-artery stenosis were randomly assigned to undergo revascularization guided by either iFR or FFR. The primary end point was the rate of a composite of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization within 12 months after the procedure.A primary end-point event occurred in 68 of 1012 patients (6.7%) in the iFR group and in 61 of 1007 (6.1%) in the FFR group (difference in event rates, 0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.5 to 2.8; P=0.007 for noninferiority; hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.58; P=0.53); the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the difference in event rates fell within the prespecified noninferiority margin of 3.2 percentage points. The results were similar among major subgroups. The rates of myocardial infarction, target-lesion revascularization, restenosis, and stent thrombosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the FFR group than in the iFR group reported chest discomfort during the procedure.Among patients with stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome, an iFR-guided revascularization strategy was noninferior to an FFR-guided revascularization strategy with respect to the rate of major adverse cardiac events at 12 months. (Funded by Philips Volcano; iFR SWEDEHEART ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02166736 .).
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| 10. |
- Escaned, Javier, et al.
(author)
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Safety of the Deferral of Coronary Revascularization on the Basis of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve Measurements in Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes
- 2018
-
In: JACC. - : Elsevier. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 11:15, s. 1437-1449
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients deferred from coronary revascularization on the basis of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) or fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements in stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). BACKGROUND Assessment of coronary stenosis severity with pressure guidewires is recommended to determine the need for myocardial revascularization. METHODS The safety of deferral of coronary revascularization in the pooled per-protocol population (n = 4,486) of the DEFINE-FLAIR (Functional Lesion Assessment of Intermediate Stenosis to Guide Revascularisation) and iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome) randomized clinical trials was investigated. Patients were stratified according to revascularization decision making on the basis of iFR or FFR and to clinical presentation (SAP or ACS). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization at 1 year. RESULTS Coronary revascularization was deferred in 2,130 patients. Deferral was performed in 1,117 patients (50%) in the iFR group and 1,013 patients (45%) in the FFR group (p < 0.01). At 1 year, the MACE rate in the deferred population was similar between the iFR and FFR groups (4.12% vs. 4.05%; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.79; p = 0.60). A clinical presentation with ACS was associated with a higher MACE rate compared with SAP in deferred patients (5.91% vs. 3.64% in ACS and SAP, respectively; fully adjusted hazard ratio: 0.61 in favor of SAP; 95% confidence interval: 0.38 to 0.99; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Overall, deferral of revascularization is equally safe with both iFR and FFR, with a low MACE rate of about 4%. Lesions were more frequently deferred when iFR was used to assess physiological significance. In deferred patients presenting with ACS, the event rate was significantly increased compared with SAP at 1 year. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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| 11. |
- Götberg, Matthias, et al.
(author)
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5-Year Outcomes of PCI Guided by Measurement of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve
- 2022
-
In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 79:10, s. 965-974
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a coronary physiology index used to assess the severity of coronary artery stenosis to guide revascularization. iFR has previously demonstrated noninferior short-term outcome compared to fractional flow reserve (FFR), but data on longer-term outcome have been lacking.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prespecified 5-year follow-up of the primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization of the iFR-SWEDEHEART trial comparing iFR vs FFR in patients with chronic and acute coronary syndromes.METHODS: iFR-SWEDEHEART was a multicenter, controlled, open-label, registry-based randomized clinical trial using the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry for enrollment. A total of 2,037 patients were randomized to undergo revascularization guided by iFR or FFR.RESULTS: No patients were lost to follow-up. At 5 years, the rate of the primary composite endpoint was 21.5% in the iFR group and 19.9% in the FFR group (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.90-1.33). The rates of all-cause death (9.4% vs 7.9%; HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.89-1.62), nonfatal myocardial infarction (5.7% vs 5.8%; HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.70-1.44), and unplanned revascularization (11.6% vs 11.3%; HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.79-1.32) were also not different between the 2 groups. The outcomes were consistent across prespecified subgroups.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic or acute coronary syndromes, an iFR-guided revascularization strategy was associated with no difference in the 5-year composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization compared with an FFR-guided revascularization strategy. (Evaluation of iFR vs FFR in Stable Angina or Acute Coronary Syndrome [iFR SWEDEHEART]; NCT02166736)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Nyberg, Lena, 1979, et al.
(author)
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A single-step competitive binding assay for mapping of single DNA molecules
- 2012
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In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 417:1, s. 404-408
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical mapping of genomic DNA is of relevance for a plethora of applications such as scaffolding for sequencing and detection of structural variations as well as identification cif pathogens like bacteria and viruses. For future clinical applications it is desirable to have a fast and robust mapping method based on as few steps as possible. We here demonstrate a single-step method to obtain a DNA barcode that is directly visualized using nanofluidic devices and fluorescence microscopy. Using a mixture of YOYO-1, a bright DNA dye, and netropsin, a natural antibiotic with very high AT specificity, we obtain a DNA map with a fluorescence intensity profile along the DNA that reflects the underlying sequence. The netropsin binds to AT-tetrads and blocks these binding sites from YOYO-1 binding which results in lower fluorescence intensity from AT-rich regions of the DNA. We thus obtain a DNA barcode that is dark in AT-rich regions and bright in GC-rich regions with kilobasepair resolution. We demonstrate the versatility of the method by obtaining a barcode on DNA from the phage T4 that captures its circular permutation and agrees well with its known sequence.
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| 14. |
- Olsson, Simon, et al.
(author)
-
Structure and Composition of Al(Si)CuFe Approximant Thin Films Formed by Si Substrate Diffusion
- 2014
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In: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 550:1, s. 105-109
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multilayered Al/Cu/Fe thin films with composition close to the quasicrystalline phase have been prepared by magnetron sputtering. Annealing at 600 °C yields a homogeneous film of the cubic a-approximant phase by Si substrate diffusion, which prevents the formation of the quasicrystalline phase. After 4 h annealing the film contained 8 at.% Si, which corresponds to the expected value of the a-approximant. The amount of Si in the films was found to slowly increase to ~12 at.% during continued annealing (64 h) while the α-approximant phase was retained. The lattice parameter was found to continuously decrease as Al became substituted with Si. The film is observed to be polycrystalline with individual grains being strained in varying magnitude, and with no preferential orientation relationship to the substrate or each other.
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| 15. |
- Olsson, Simon, et al.
(author)
-
Structure and Composition of Approximant Thin Films Formed by Substrate Diffusion
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Multilayered Al/Cu/Fe thin films with composition close to the quasicrystalline phase have been prepared by magnetron sputtering. Annealing at 600 °C yields a homogeneous film of the cubic approximant phase by Si substrate diffusion, which prevented the formation of the quasicrystalline phase. After 4 h annealing the film contained 8 at.% Si corresponding well to the expected value of the approximant. The amount of Si in the films is found to slowly increase to ~12 at.% during continued annealing (64 h) while the approximant phase was retained. The lattice parameter was continuously decreasing as Si substituted for Al.
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| 16. |
- Abdeldaim, Guma, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Multiplex quantitative PCR for detection of lower respiratory tract infection and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis
- 2010
-
In: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 10, s. 310-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae cause pneumonia and as Neisseria meningitidis they are important agents of meningitis. Although several PCR methods have been described for these bacteria the specificity is an underestimated problem. Here we present a quantitative multiplex real-time PCR (qmPCR) for detection of S. pneumoniae (9802 gene fragment), H. influenzae (omp P6 gene) and N. meningitidis (ctrA gene). The method was evaluated on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 156 adults with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and 31 controls, and on 87 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from meningitis patients. Results. The analytical sensitivity was not affected by using a combined mixture of reagents and a combined DNA standard (S. pneumoniae/H. influenzae/N. meningitidis) in single tubes. By blood- and BAL-culture and S. pneumoniae urinary antigen test, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were aetiological agents in 21 and 31 of the LTRI patients, respectively. These pathogens were identified by qmPCR in 52 and 72 of the cases, respectively, yielding sensitivities and specificities of 95% and 75% for S. pneumoniae, and 90% and 65% for H. influenzae, respectively. When using a cut-off of 105 genome copies/mL for clinical positivity the sensitivities and specificities were 90% and 80% for S. pneumoniae, and 81% and 85% for H. influenzae, respectively. Of 44 culture negative but qmPCR positive for H. influenzae, 41 were confirmed by fucK PCR as H. influenzae. Of the 103 patients who had taken antibiotics prior to sampling, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were identified by culture in 6% and 20% of the cases, respectively, and by the qmPCR in 36% and 53% of the cases, respectively. In 87 CSF samples S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis were identified by culture and/or 16 S rRNA in 14 and 10 samples and by qmPCR in 14 and 10 samples, respectively, giving a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% for both bacteria. Conclusions. The PCR provides increased sensitivity and the multiplex format facilitates diagnosis of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis and the assay enable detection after antibiotic treatment has been installed. Quantification increases the specificity of the etiology for pneumonia.
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| 17. |
- Adill, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Biologisk recipientkontroll vid Forsmarks kärnkraftverk : sammanfattande resultat av undersökningar fram till år 2012
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport sammanfattar långsiktiga och pågående trender ikustvattenmiljön utanför Forsmarks kärnkraftverk från mitten av 1970-taletfram till och med år 2012. Resultaten baseras på de fältundersökningar somutförs inom kärnkraftverkets kontrollprogram för att följa effekter avkylvattenanvändning på fisk, fågel och bottenfauna.Vid Forsmarks kärnkraftverk pumpas stora mängder brackvatten genomkraftverket för att kyla kondensorerna. Efter användning pumpas detanvända kylvattnet ut i närrecipienten, som får en temperaturhöjning medcirka 7-9°C. Kylvattenhanteringen har en direkt miljöpåverkan genom attdet havsvatten som används innehåller levande organismer som dras med ini systemet, eller filtreras bort vid intaget och dör. Det uppvärmda kylvattensom når närrecipienten har därtill effekter på djurens fysiologi, födotillgångoch beteendemönster, vilket i sin tur kan påverka deras tillväxt ochreproduktion. Dessa förändringar är väl dokumenterade under de år somkontrollprogrammet har pågått, framförallt när det gäller fisk. I rapportenpresenteras trender i utvecklingen över tid hos fisk, bottenfauna och fågel.Data jämförs där det är möjligt med motsvarande trender i referensområdensamt i andra delar av Bottenhavet och Östersjön.En stor del av de förändringar som observerats i Forsmarks skärgårdunder senare år kan sannolikt sammankopplas med kylvattenutflödet, isynnerhet efter år 2004 när det galler som tidigare hindrade fiskar från attvandra in och ut ur Biotestsjön togs bort. Detta syns som en ökad invandringav lekfisk i Biotestsjön och en tillkomst av arter som inte funnits där pålänge. Samtidigt ses förändrade tillväxtmönster hos abborre i Biotestsjönsamt utanför, i Forsmarks skärgård. I viss mån ses även förändradeutbredningsmönster hos sjöfågel som skulle kunna kopplas till förändradfödotillgång. För bottenfauna kan man inte avgöra om det finns mönster, pågrund av avsaknad av data under senare år.Resultaten antyder att en större del av fiskbestånden i Forsmarks skärgårdän tidigare är beroende av att Biotestsjön är en fungerande miljö förreproduktion och tillväxt. Detta är positivt så länge förhållandena iBiotestsjön och övriga områden som påverkas av kylvattenutsläpp ärgynnsamma, men negativt för omgivande skärgård om rekryteringen i dessaområden inte skulle fungera, eller om fiskens hälsa skulle påverkas. Dessaaspekter blir särskilt aktuella i och med den planerade effekthöjningen vidForsmarks kärnkraftverk, som sannolikt skulle kunna accentuera deobserverade effekterna, samt den planerade byggnaden av ett slutförvar, om denna påverkar tillgången på alternativa rekryteringsmiljöer för fisk inärområdet.Dödligheten i silstationen är fortsatt hög, om än med stormellanårsvariation i antal och artsammansättning. Mätningar vid silstationenvisar dock på en ökad dödlighet av ål, som inte kan förklaras av generellauppgångar i beståndet. Ökningen är troligen en effekt av att mer ål äntidigare vistas i Forsmarks skärgård, vilket skulle kunna bero på enanlockning av ål till området för kylvattenutsläpp.En annan förändring som inträffat under senare år är att en nyintroducerad art, musslan Mytilopsis leucopheata, har observerats i områdetsedan 2011. Arten har orsakat problem i kylvattenvägarna i andrakärnkraftverk i Östersjön, och områden med förhöjd vattentemperatur hartidigare identifierats som potentiella plattformar för fortsatt etablering avarten i andra områden.
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| 18. |
- Ahlen, Maria Therese, et al.
(author)
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The Development of Severe Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia due to Anti-HPA-1a Antibodies Is Correlated to Maternal ABO Genotypes
- 2012
-
In: Clinical & Developmental Immunology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1740-2530 .- 1740-2522.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Maternal alloantibodies against HPA-1a can cross placenta, opsonize foetal platelets, and induce neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). In a study of 100, 448 pregnant women in Norway during 1995-2004, 10.6% of HPA-1a negative women had detectable anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Design and Methods. A possible correlation between the maternal ABO blood group phenotype, or underlying genotype, and severe thrombocytopenia in the newborn was investigated. Results. We observed that immunized women with blood group O had a lower risk of having a child with severe NAIT than women with group A; 20% with blood group O gave birth to children with severe NAIT, compared to 47% among the blood group A mothers (relative risk 0.43; 95% CI 0.25-0.75). Conclusion. The risk of severe neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-1a antibodies is correlated to maternal ABO types, and this study indicates that the observation is due to genetic properties on the maternal side.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Aili, Katarina, PhD, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Health-related quality of life in adults treated for paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study
- 2022
-
In: Bmj Open. - London : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common form of cancer in children. Although treatment methods have improved and resulted in significant improvement of survival and reduction in late effects and late mortality risk, the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of survivors might be affected. To introduce new interventions in clinical practice with the potential to support positive HRQOL outcomes, more knowledge is needed on how HRQOL in this group is constructed and stimulated. The purpose of this study is to investigate how HRQOL is affected in adults treated for paediatric ALL, in a long-term perspective and possible factors influencing this relationship. Methods and analysis This cohort of young adult ALL survivors allows for investigations of factors influencing HRQOL outcomes on a national level. Eligible participants are obtained from the Swedish Childhood Cancer quality registry. Data collection includes both a follow-up of data collected in 2012 (n=224) and recruitment of new eligible participants to the cohort (n=601). The cohort will cover survivors of paediatric ALL, diagnosed between 1985 and 2007, at an age between 0 and 15 years. Data will be collected using validated, multidimensional, self-administered instruments, designed to measure HRQOL (SF-36), social support, sense of coherence and resilience. Ethics and dissemination The study will be carried out in accordance with the ethics permit obtained from the Swedish ethics review authority (Dnr 2019-05181). Dissemination of study results will take place through research articles and reports to the national patient organisation and the national network for consultancy nurses for this target group and to the working group for the Swedish national long-term care programme for childhood cancer. Results will also reach practical application within the follow-up clinic for adult childhood cancer survivors at Sahlgrenska Hospital in Gothenburg.
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| 22. |
- Allwood, Jens, 1947, et al.
(author)
-
On the need for an ethical understanding of health-care accountability
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change. - 1477-9633. ; 12:2, s. 121-137
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, as in many other Western countries, public health care is challenged by increasing demands for care and continuing budget deficits. Person-centred care (PCC) has been introduced as a new strategy to ameliorate the perceived fragmentation in care and is expected to decrease treatment time, reduce the need for return visits, as well as increase patient satisfaction. However, the changing clinical practices necessary for the PCC approach are assumed to require new accountability practices. This article is primarily an attempt to provide a conceptual analysis of ethical accountability, i.e. a type of accountability that takes into account the human relational responsibility, partial incoherence, and power of reflection. On the grounds of this characterisation, the article aims to provide a basis, among other things, for a discussion of the possibilities of identifying and empirically studying the multimodal expressions in communication that are relevant for this type of accountability. After an initial discussion of the debate on the limits of viewing accountability as transparency, we then turn to our methodological approach and introduce a conceptual analysis of accountability. Next, we discuss some additional features of accountability. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of empirically studying the institutionalisation of ethically informed accountability within person-centred health care.
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| 23. |
- Ander, Mats, 1964, et al.
(author)
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A building of unlimited height
- 2019
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In: IASS Symposium 2019 - 60th Anniversary Symposium of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures; Structural Membranes 2019 - 9th International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures, FORM and FORCE. - 9788412110104 ; , s. 1465-1472
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider the overall buckling under own weight of a thin-walled column of circular cross-section and a radius that is a hyperbolic sine function of distance from the top of the column. The maximum stress is limited to a given value, but there is no limit to the height of the column. The wall thickness is determined by consideration of local buckling. It can be made to represent a building by adjusting the own weight of the column to include the weight of the floors, finishes, cladding and imposed load.
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| 24. |
- Angelin, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Reductions in serum levels of LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) in hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with the liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist eprotirome
- 2015
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 277:3, s. 331-342
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundLiver-selective thyromimetic agents could provide a new approach for treating dyslipidaemia. MethodsWe performed a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eprotirome, a liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist, in 98 patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. After previous drug wash-out and dietary run-in, patients received 100 or 200gday(-1) eprotirome or placebo for 12weeks. The primary end-point was change in serum LDL cholesterol; secondary end-points included changes in other lipid parameters and safety measures. ResultsEprotirome treatment at 100 and 200g daily reduced serum LDL cholesterol levels by 235% and 31 +/- 4%, respectively, compared with 2 +/- 6% for placebo (Pless than0.0001). Similar reductions were seen in non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B, whereas serum levels of HDL cholesterol and apo A-I were unchanged. There were also considerable reductions in serum triglycerides and lipoprotein(a), in particular in patients with elevated levels at baseline. There was no evidence of adverse effects on heart or bone and no changes in serum thyrotropin or triiodothyronine, although the thyroxine level decreased. Low-grade increases in liver enzymes were evident in most patients. ConclusionIn hypercholesterolaemic patients, the liver-selective thyromimetic eprotirome decreased serum levels of atherogenic lipoproteins without signs of extra-hepatic side effects. Selective stimulation of hepatic thyroid hormone receptors may be an attractive way to modulate lipid metabolism in hyperlipidaemia.
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| 25. |
- Anrup, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Centrala universitetsvärden hotas av bolagiseringsidén
- 2013
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In: Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Högskolestiftelser. Förslaget att driva svenska universitet i stiftelseform öppnar för bolagisering. Men det är ingen riktig utredning, utan en politisk pamflett utan eftertanke. Privatisering av universitet hotar både oberoendet, forskningskvaliteten och samhällsnyttan, skriver 36 forskare vid svenska högskolor och universitet.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Appelberg, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Reviderat program för övervakning av fisk i kustvatten
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Genom denna rapport lämnas ett förslag till hur ett optimerat övervakningsprogram avseende kustfisk bör utformas. Förslagen i rapporten kommer ligga till grund för en effektivare regional och nationell miljöövervakning och kan implementeras med början 2020.I föreliggande förslag till revision av programmet har syftet varit att förbättra förutsättningarna för att övervaka kustnära fisksamhällen utgående från den utvärdering som publicerades 2017.Det reviderade programmet ska i görligaste mån kunna möta samhällets krav för att bedöma havsmiljöns tillstånd, skapa underlag för nationell och internationell fiskeriförvaltning samt ge underlag för havsplanering. Fiskeområden inom programmet ska även kunna verka som referensområden vid kontroll av recipienter och övrig påverkan, eller vid uppföljning av åtgärder i kustmiljön. Programmet ska också utgöra underlag för att följa framtida, kända och okända, miljöförändringar som t ex ett varmare klimat samt utgöra underlag till forskning.
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| 28. |
- Arnling Bååth, Jenny, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion
- 2018
-
In: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834 .- 1754-6834. ; 11:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Lignocellulose is highly recalcitrant to enzymatic deconstruction, where the recalcitrance primarily results from chemical linkages between lignin and carbohydrates. Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) from carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) have been suggested to play key roles in reducing lignocellulose recalcitrance by cleaving covalent ester bonds found between lignin and glucuronoxylan. However, only a limited number of GEs have been biochemically characterized and structurally determined to date, limiting our understanding of these enzymes and their potential exploration. Results Ten CE15 enzymes from three bacterial species, sharing as little as 20% sequence identity, were characterized on a range of model substrates; two protein structures were solved, and insights into their regulation and biological roles were gained through gene expression analysis and enzymatic assays on complex biomass. Several enzymes with higher catalytic efficiencies on a wider range of model substrates than previously characterized fungal GEs were identified. Similarities and differences regarding substrate specificity between the investigated GEs were observed and putatively linked to their positioning in the CE15 phylogenetic tree. The bacterial GEs were able to utilize substrates lacking 4-OH methyl substitutions, known to be important for fungal enzymes. In addition, certain bacterial GEs were able to efficiently cleave esters of galacturonate, a functionality not previously described within the family. The two solved structures revealed similar overall folds to known structures, but also indicated active site regions allowing for more promiscuous substrate specificities. The gene expression analysis demonstrated that bacterial GE-encoding genes were differentially expressed as response to different carbon sources. Further, improved enzymatic saccharification of milled corn cob by a commercial lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail when supplemented with GEs showcased their synergistic potential with other enzyme types on native biomass. Conclusions Bacterial GEs exhibit much larger diversity than fungal counterparts. In this study, we significantly expanded the existing knowledge on CE15 with the in-depth characterization of ten bacterial GEs broadly spanning the phylogenetic tree, and also presented two novel enzyme structures. Variations in transcriptional responses of CE15-encoding genes under different growth conditions suggest nonredundant functions for enzymes found in species with multiple CE15 genes and further illuminate the importance of GEs in native lignin–carbohydrate disassembly.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Arvidsson, Susann, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Adult survivors’ perceptions of their childhood and the influences of being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a child : A phenomenographic study
- 2024
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In: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 70
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Adults who had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) as children and were treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) may have been affected in their lives due to several long-term complications. From a clinical point of view, it is of interest to study how survivors describe their perceptions of their childhood today. The aim was therefore to describe how adults perceived their childhood and the influences of being treated for ALL with aHSCT as a child.Method: Semi-structured telephone interviews were undertaken with 18 adults who had been treated for childhood ALL with aHSCT and were included in a national cohort of childhood ALL survivors, diagnosed between 1985 and 2007 at an age between 0 and 17 years. A phenomenographic analysis was used.Results: Three categories emerged: Feeling different, Feeling security and Feeling guilty. The informants felt that they had been different from other children but had felt security with the healthcare professionals and in care. They felt guilty because both their siblings’ and parents’ lives had been affected, but at the same time many perceived that they and their family members had become closer to one another.Conclusions: The results emphasised that adults who had been treated for childhood ALL with aHSCT were affected both in negative and positive ways during their childhood. This indicates the importance for early psychosocial care interventions directed to children during their treatment, but also the need for person-centred psychological care in long-term outpatient clinics. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 31. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19 : a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- 2021
-
In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 21:1
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, ). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I-2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
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| 32. |
- Belgrano, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Workshop on Ecosystem Based Fisheries Advice for the Baltic (WKEBFAB; outputs from 2021 meeting)
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The main aim of the meeting was to organise a meeting with members of the ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) and the ICES Baltic Fisheries Assessment working group (WGBFAS), as well as invited experts on ecosystem-based fisheries management from other sea regions, to propose a roadmap towards providing ecosystem based fisheries advice (EBFAdvice) for the Baltic Sea. The specific objective was to conclude on ecosystem aspects that could be added to the fisheries advice provided by ICES. In order to achieve this, the WK reviewed working international EBF approaches, reviewed ecosystem indicators relevant for EBFAdvice in the Baltic and evaluated how existing ecosystem models can be used for giving advice on ecosystem-based catch options. The lack of management strategy evaluations implemented for the Baltic Sea became apparent and the WK stresses their development and application as a key step for implementation of EBFAdvice. Several ecosystem indicators are currently operational for the Baltic Sea region, mainly via developments in HELCOM and in relation to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. These indicators could potentially support an EBFAdvice by providing an integrated ecosystem assessment framing, but further work is needed to assess how selected existing indicators could be analytically linked to the developing EBFAdvice. The WK proposed a roadmap on utilising ecosystem information in stock assessment and advice for the Baltic Sea over 2022-2023. As a central aim for the work, the WK agreed to test the use of Scaling factors for the species-specific long term Ftarget derived catch options (hence, applying an approach similar to the Feco approach developed by WKDICE and WKIRISH). The WK also proposed to produce Ecological and socio-economic profiles (ESP) of the specific stocks, which would identify quantitative indicators/factors for ecological processes that can be used to scale the species-specific Ftarget. Additionally, the WK proposed to amend the regular fisheries advice with information on Ecosystem consequences / Ecosystem risks as a result of the stock specific advice in question. The WK agreed that at its first stage of implementation, the EBFAdvice would focus on developing the F scaling factor, ESP and risks, as described above, in relation to the already existing single species assessment and stock-prediction models (while in the long term, multi-species or specific food web models would preferentially be used). It was identified that the implementations should be part of the ICES Benchmark process, where the approach would be tested and accepted. The proposed next benchmark of the small pelagic stocks in the Baltic 2022-2023, creates the first window of opportunity to test scaling factors. The WK recommends that the F scaling factor, ESP and risks be formulated in such a way that they can be integrated into existing ICES advice products, namely the advice on fishing opportunities, the Baltic Sea Ecosystem Overview and the Baltic Sea Fisheries Overview. The WK, further, proposed a number of changes to the ICES advisory process, in order to facilitate the operationalization of the roadmap and EBFAdvice. The work required to eventualize the proposed roadmap is dependent on further funding, and is foreseen to be facilitated by two more workshops (WKEBFAB 2 and 3). It should be noted that the working group for integrated assessment (WGIAB) has already suggested in their meeting ToRs for 2022-2024 to assist in the work of WKEBFAB and this collaboration is expressed as an item in the TORs.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Belgrano, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Överfiske - en miljöfarlig aktivitet : orsaker till fiskbeståndens utarmning och dess konsekvenser i svenska hav
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bestånden av marina fiskarter har minskat dramatiskt i både Västerhavet och i Östersjön under de senaste 100 åren. Flera olika faktorer påverkar fiskbeståndens storlek, men ett ökande antal studier tyder på att överfiske är en huvudorsak i de flesta fall. Fisket med trål anses också skada många bottenlevande organismer, men det är idag oklart hur omfattande denna miljöpåverkan är. Vidare tyder nya studier på att förlusten av stora rovfiskar kan ge negativa effekter på hela ekosystem genom trofiska kedjereaktioner. Sammantaget anser många forskare idag att fisket utgör ett av de allvarligaste miljöhoten mot svenska hav. Denna rapport sammanställer det vetenskapliga kunskapsläget över orsakerna till nedgången av svenska marina fiskbestånd, samt fiskets roll för minskning av biodiversitet och förändringar i svenska kust- och utsjöekosystem.
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| 35. |
- Bergek, Sara, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Spatiotemporal analysis shows stable genetic differentiation and barriers to dispersal in the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)
- 2009
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In: Evolutionary Ecology Research. - Tucson : Evolutionary Ecology Ltd.. - 1522-0613 .- 1937-3791. ; 11:5, s. 827-840
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recently, unexpected or cryptic barriers to gene flow causing genetic discontinuities have been found in a number of animal taxa, even in apparently highly connected areas such as aquatic environments. Goal: Investigate the temporal stability of previously documented microgeographic genetic structure in a fish. Organism: Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) Method: We sampled four locations over a period of 2 years. We used six microsatellites to investigate population differentiation. We compared within-year to between-year differentiation. Results: The significant genetic differentiation found between locations in 2004 was still present in 2006. The strongest barriers to gene flow in the lake were consistent over both sampling periods. Furthermore, temporal differentiation existed within each site between the years. Populations of perch appear to cluster in different patches in the lake that harbour genetically differentiated groups of fish. Hence, limited migration and barriers to dispersal can persist over time, even at a very small geographical scale and in an open aquatic environment.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Coastal fish community indicators in Sweden - variation along environmental gradients
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Coastal fish communities have a central role in both environmental and fisheries management. The following report summarizes the current state (2014) of indicator-based approaches in Sweden, to assess the status of coastal fish communities in relation to internationally agreed directives. Coastal fish is not included as a biological quality element in the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), with the exception of transitional waters, but they are included in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The report is particularly focused on potential connection points between the MSFD and WFD, in order to facilitate the harmonisation of assessments of different ecosystem components and geographical areas. One important aspect would be to develop geographically based assessment methods, to make better use of data from inventory studies. Key aspects for this development are explored in an example case study, which is based on data with wide geographical coverage. The study addresses general patterns in the distribution of species and indicators among geographical areas in the Baltic Sea, and explores the relationship between indicators and environmental variables. Changes in the indicators were to a large extent attributed to gradients in natural environmental variables, such as temperature, salinity and wave exposure. The results indicate that all these variables should be included in a geographically based assessment. Variables attributed to eutrophication were important for five of the eight studied indicators. This was mainly coupled to a gradient in water transparency. Variables attributed to the mortality of fish were less influential. Possibly, the indicators assessed were not sensitive enough, or the studied gradient was not strong enough for evaluating this pressure. Potentially, also, the explanatory variables that were used were not quantified in an adequate way. A need was seen to update information on the geographical distribution of recreational fisheries and top predators (cormorants, seals), in order to support the assessment of pressure-state relationship, and identify connection points to management measures. All these aspects need to be considered further in the continued indicator development. The environmental variables explained a reasonable part of the observed variation in the data set, although a relatively large part of the variation was left unexplained. The unexplained variability may potentially be reduced by more refined quantitative analyses, which can also explain variation at different geographical scales. The study was also limited by available environmental data. In terms of additional explanatory variables, habitat quality is often expected to have high influence on species abundances, and hence on indicators. However, this variable could not be included, due to a lack of data with sufficient geographical coverage.
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| 38. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Coastal fish indicators response to natural and anthropogenic drivers-variability at temporal and different spatial scales
- 2016
-
In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 183, s. 62-72
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ecological indicators are increasingly used in marine and freshwater management but only few are developed towards full operationalization with known patterns of variability and documented responses to natural and anthropogenic environmental drivers. Here, we evaluate potential sources of indicator variability at two different spatial scales in three coastal fish-based indicators of environmental status in the Baltic Sea; abundance of cyprinids, abundance of perch and the proportion of larger perch. The study was performed on a data set covering 41 monitoring areas subject to different levels of anthropogenic impact, at a latitudinal range of 56-66 degrees N and a salinity range of 2-8. Interannual variation was clearly minor relative to spatial variation. Small-scale spatial variation was related to water depth, wave exposure and water temperature. The remaining variation was assessed in relation to differences in natural and anthropogenic drivers between monitoring areas. Cyprinids showed a clear inverse relationship to water transparency, which was used as a proxy for eutrophication, indicating increased abundances in nutrient enriched areas. None of the indicators showed an expected negative relationship to the level of coastal commercial fisheries catches. Rather, a positive relationship for Perch suggested that the coastal fisheries were concentrated to areas with strong perch populations in the studied areas. The effect of salinity and climate (temperature during the growth season) among monitoring areas were small. The results emphasize the importance of assigning area-specific boundary levels to define good environmental status in the coastal fish indicators, in order to account for natural sources of variability. Further, although long-term monitoring in reference areas is crucial for obtaining a historical baseline, our results suggest that the status assessment of coastal fish would generally gain precision by increasingly including spatially based assessments. We propose that similar analytical approaches could be applied to other ecosystem components, especially in naturally heterogenic environments, in order to separate indicator variability attributed to potential anthropogenic impact. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Integration methods for Marine Strategy Framework Directive’s biodiversity assessments
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report reviews the integration methods for MSFD biodiversity assessments under Descriptor 1 for species that are not covered by the Habitats Directive and are not commercial fish assessed under Descriptor 3 and used in Descriptor 1 assessments. It was carried out by experts from the MSFD Biodiversity expert network, which is coordinated by the JRC. It constitutes a knowledge base to support MSFD Article 8 assessments by evaluating the methods to integrate assessments of species at different levels: i) criteria to species, ii) species to species group, and iii) species groups/species to ecosystem component. Real data and realistic estimates were used to provide a robust evaluation of the main MSFD integration approaches, i.e. one out all out, proportional method, averages, weighted averages, and conditional rules. Results show that integration methods have advantages and disadvantages depending on the level of integration, the species group (including threatened species), and the available indicators for primary and secondary criteria. Therefore, different scenarios are proposed and evaluated from criteria to ecosystem components, for fish and bird species groups. To conclude, a common integration approach is feasible, when it is based on the commonly agreed ecological impact of each D1 criterion to the species groups, and can be used in all regions.
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| 43. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Long term changes in the status of coastal fish in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
-
In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 169, s. 74-84
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Management for sustainable coastal ecosystems is benefited by coherent large scale status assessments to support the identification of measures, but these efforts may be challenged by both data availability and natural biogeographical variation. Coastal fish are a resource for commercial and recreational fisheries as well as significant contributors to coastal ecosystem functioning, by linking lower and higher levels of the food web. This study addresses long term changes in coastal fish communities at Baltic Sea regional scale, in order to identify overall trends and support the operationalization of large scale status assessments of marine biota. The study was focused on two indicators representing the functional groups of Piscivores, which are attributed to changes in food web processes including predation/fisheries, and Cyprinids, which are associated with eutrophication. The indicators were assessed for trends within ten-year intervals, using data combined from national monitoring programs during 1991-2013. The results showed predominantly declining trends in Piscivores and of increases in Cyprinids during the studied three decades, both indicative of a deteriorating status. The pattern was however reversed in the most recent years. Similar results among adjacent areas were identified in some cases, but overall differences at local scale were high, indicating strong influence of local processes. The results suggest that coordinated local measures in order to abate cumulative effects are a preferred way of improving the overall status of coastal fish. The latest studied time intervals were the overall most stable and could be considered as potential baseline years for upcoming regional assessments. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Report of the ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB)
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea(WGIAB) was established in 2007 as a forum for developing and combining ecosystembasedmanagement efforts for the Baltic Sea. The group intends to serve as a scientificcounterpart and support for the ICES Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group(WGBFAS) as well as for efforts and projects related to Integrated Ecosystem Assessments(IEA) within ICES and HELCOM. The group works in cooperation with similargroups within the ACOM/SCICOM Steering Group on Integrated Ecosystem Assessments(SSGIEA).The 2015 WGIAB meeting was held in Cádiz, Spain, from 9–13 March, back-to-backwith the meeting of its counterpart in the Working Group on Ecosystem Assessmentof Western European Shelf Seas (WGEAWESS). The meetings had joint sessions as wellas WG specific work, and some participants effectively participated in both meetings.The WGIAB meeting was attended by 27 participants from nine countries. The meetingwas chaired by Christian Möllmann, Germany, Laura Uusitalo, Finland and Lena Bergström,Sweden.This was the last year of the ongoing three-year Terms of Reference (ToR) for WGIAB.The main working activities in 2015 were to i) conduct studies on Baltic Sea ecosystemfunctioning with the goal to publish case studies from different parts of the Baltic Seain peer-reviewed journals, ii) work on the demonstration exercise to develop ecosystem-based assessment and advice for Baltic fish stocks focusing on cod (DEMO) withmultiple approaches, iii) plan further how to integrate the social and economic aspectsmore tightly in the WGIAB work, and iv) discuss the future focus and format of theWGIAB work.The Baltic ecosystem functioning activity focused on identifying and exploring keytrends and linkages in the Baltic Sea foodweb. This was pursued by presentation andfurther discussion of ongoing intersessional work on foodweb modelling and integratedanalyses, and by exercises to develop conceptual models Baltic Sea foodwebsand the links to ecosystem function. Long-term monitoring datasets on the abiotic andbiotic parts of the Baltic Sea Proper ecosystem were updated for use in the continuedwork to develop environmental indicators for fisheries and marine management.The focus of the DEMO 3 (DEMOnstration exercise for Integrated Ecosystem Assessmentand Advice of Baltic Sea cod) was on finding a way to use the results from theDEMO1 and DEMO2 workshops in short and midterm projections/scenarios of Balticcod dynamics based on different types of modelling, as well as designing methodologyand modelling data for practical implementation of Integrated Advice for Baltic cod.The WGIAB was positively inclined towards including social and economic aspectsinto the integrated assessment. Openings to this path were provided by presentationon ongoing project work, and discussing their linkages to ecological aspects. It wasseen as crucial that experts on social and economic analysis should be included andtake an active part in the future work of the group.The group concluded that its upcoming work should focus more closely on functionaldiversity, which was identified as a recurring issue in the Baltic Sea. This approach wasalso identified as a useful connection point between scientific and management aspectsin order for the group to continue serving as a forum for developing ecosystem-basedmanagement efforts in the Baltic Sea. A focus on functional diversity was also seen as2 | ICES WGIAB REPORT 2015a potentially feasible way of bringing together management aspects for different sectors,by linking to ecosystem services concepts.The group proposed Saskia Otto, Germany and Martin Lindegren, Denmark as newincoming Chairs, together with Lena Bergström, Sweden and Laura Uusitalo, Finland.Having four Chairs is justified due to the wide scope of the group's work, as well asthe increased work load due to the planned new foci.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(author)
-
Skydda och vårda våra viktiga vikar
- 2015
-
Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Grunda kustnära havsvikar har ett högt ekologiskt värde. De har ofta en rik bottenvegetation och är viktiga uppväxtmiljöer för flera fiskarter i Östersjön. Samtidigt är exploateringstrycket på dessa miljöer stort. Vi människor vistas gärna nära havet och det är många som vill nyttja kusten. Genom strandexploatering och hög näringsbelastning påverkas dessa miljöer negativt, vilket kan få långtgående effekter på kustens ekosystem och ekosystemtjänster. Naturvärden nära kusten behöver därför inkluderas i planering och förvaltning, i större utsträckning än idag. För att långsiktigt trygga värdena kan områdesskydd och restaurering vara aktuella. Här presenteras några förslag på hur vi kan vårda dessa grunda havsvikar
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| 50. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Stickleback increase in the Baltic Sea - A thorny issue for coastal predatory fish
- 2015
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In: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 163, s. 134-142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the Baltic Sea, the mesopredator three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) spends a large part of its life cycle in the open sea, but reproduces in shallow coastal habitats. In coastal waters, it may occur in high abundances, is a potent predator on eggs and larvae of fish, and has been shown to induce trophic cascades with resulting eutrophication symptoms through regulation of invertebrate grazers. Despite its potential significance for the coastal food web, little is known about its life history and population ecology. This paper provides a description of life history traits, migration patterns and spatiotemporal development of the species in the Baltic Sea during the past decades, and tests the hypothesis that stickleback may have a negative impact on populations of coastal predatory fish. Offshore and coastal data during the last 30 years show that stickleback has increased fourfold in the Bothnian Sea, 45-fold in the Central Baltic Sea and sevenfold in the Southern Baltic Sea. The abundances are similar in the two northern basins, and two orders of magnitude lower in the Southern Baltic Sea. The coastward spawning migration of sticklebacks from offshore areas peaks in early May, with most spawners being two years of age at a mean length of 65 mm. The early juvenile stage is spent at the coast, whereafter sticklebacks perform a seaward feeding migration in early autumn at a size of around 35 mm. A negative spatial relation between the abundance of stickleback and early life stages of perch and pike at coastal spawning areas was observed in spatial survey data, indicating strong interactions between the species. A negative temporal relationship was observed also between adult perch and stickleback in coastal fish monitoring programmes supporting the hypothesis that stickleback may have negative population level effects on coastal fish predators. The recent increase in stickleback populations in different basins of the Baltic Sea in combination with negative spatiotemporal patterns and previously observed interactions between stickleback and coastal predatory fish suggests that this species may have gained a key role in the coastal food webs of the Baltic Sea. Through its migrations, stickleback may also constitute an important vector linking coastal and open sea ecosystem dynamics. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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