| 1. |
- Wallin, Anders, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Alzheimer's disease-subcortical vascular disease spectrum in a hospital-based setting: overview of results from the Gothenburg MCI and dementia studies.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1559-7016. ; 36:1, s. 95-113
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to discriminate between Alzheimer's disease (AD), subcortical vascular disease, and other cognitive disorders is crucial for diagnostic purposes and clinical trial outcomes. Patients with primarily subcortical vascular disease are unlikely to benefit from treatments targeting the AD pathogenic mechanisms and vice versa. The Gothenburg mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia studies are prospective, observational, single-center cohort studies suitable for both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis that outline the cognitive profiles and biomarker characteristics of patients with AD, subcortical vascular disease, and other cognitive disorders. The studies, the first of which started in 1987, comprise inpatients with manifest dementia and patients seeking care for cognitive disorders at an outpatient memory clinic. This article gives an overview of the major published papers (neuropsychological, imaging/physiology, and neurochemical) of the studies including the ongoing Gothenburg MCI study. The main findings suggest that subcortical vascular disease with or without dementia exhibit a characteristic neuropsychological pattern of mental slowness and executive dysfunction and neurochemical deviations typical of white matter changes and disturbed blood-brain barrier function. Our findings may contribute to better healthcare for this underrecognized group of patients. The Gothenburg MCI study has also published papers on multimodal prediction of dementia, and cognitive reserve.Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication, 29 July 2015; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2015.148.
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| 2. |
- Wallin, Anders, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg MCI study: design and distribution of Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular disease diagnoses from baseline to 6-year follow-up.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1559-7016. ; 36:1, s. 114-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for increased nosological knowledge to enable rational trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. The ongoing Gothenburg mild cognitive impairment (MCI) study is an attempt to conduct longitudinal in-depth phenotyping of patients with different forms and degrees of cognitive impairment using neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and neurochemical tools. Particular attention is paid to the interplay between AD and subcortical vascular disease, the latter representing a disease entity that may cause or contribute to cognitive impairment with an effect size that may be comparable to AD. Of 664 patients enrolled between 1999 and 2013, 195 were diagnosed with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), 274 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 195 with dementia, at baseline. Of the 195 (29%) patients with dementia at baseline, 81 (42%) had AD, 27 (14%) SVD, 41 (21%) mixed type dementia (=AD+SVD=MixD), and 46 (23%) other etiologies. After 6 years, 292 SCI/MCI patients were eligible for follow-up. Of these 292, 69 (24%) had converted to dementia (29 (42%) AD, 16 (23%) SVD, 15 (22%) MixD, 9 (13%) other etiologies). The study has shown that it is possible to identify not only AD but also incipient and manifest MixD/SVD in a memory clinic setting. These conditions should be taken into account in clinical trials.Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication, 15 July 2015; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2015.147.
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| 3. |
- Bergonzini, Giulia, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Visible-Light-Mediated Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Olefins by Radical Acylarylation and Tandem Acylation/Semipinacol Rearrangement
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemistry-a European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539. ; 22:10, s. 3292-3295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method for the mild photoredox-mediated tandem radical acylarylation and tandem acylation/semipinacol rearrangement has been developed. The synthesis of highly functionalized ketones bearing all-carbon - or -quaternary centers has been achieved using easily available symmetric aromatic carboxylic anhydrides as the acyl radical source. The method allows for a straightforward introduction of the keto functionality and concomitant construction of molecular complexity in a single operation.
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| 4. |
- Boisvert, Catherine Anne, 1978-
(författare)
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The Origin of Tetrapod Limbs and Girdles: Fossil and Developmental Evidence
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Around 375 million years ago, the first tetrapods appeared, marking one of the most important events in vertebrate evolutionary history. The fin to limb transition saw the appearance of fingers and a weight bearing pelvic girdle. While very little research has been done on the evolution of the tetrapod pelvic girdle, a fair amount has been done on the origins of fingers but some aspects remained controversial. A combination of palaeontology, developmental biology and comparative morphology was therefore used in this thesis to better understand the fin to limb transition. The pectoral fin of Panderichthys, a sarcopterygian fish closely related to tetrapods was CT-scanned and modeled in three dimensions and its pelvic girdle and fin were examined with traditional techniques. This information from the fossil record was integrated with comparisons of the development of the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, our closest living fish relative and the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), a salamander representing well the condition of early tetrapods. Development of bone and cartilage was studied through clearing and staining and development of skeletal muscles through immunostaining. In situ hybridizations were performed on the lungfish to study the expression of Hoxd13, associated with the formation of digits in tetrapods. This work shows that the late expression phase of Hoxd13 is present in Neoceratodus and is associated with the formation of radials. Redescription of the pectoral fin of Panderichthys reveals that distal radials are present, which, in addition to other information, lead us to conclude that digits are not novelties in tetrapods but rather have evolved from the distal radials present in the fins of all sarcopterygian fish. The earliest tetrapods lack a full set of wrist + carpals/ankle + tarsal bones. Here, we propose that this region of the limbs evolved after fingers and toes through an expansion of the region between the proximal limb bones and the digits. As for the pelvic girdle, it is very primitive in Panderichthys but comparison of its development in Neoceratodus and Ambystoma suggest that the ischium evolved through the posterior expansion of the pubis and the ilium, through an elongation of the iliac process already present in sarcopterygian fishes. The results of this thesis help to better understand the fin to limb transition and show that it is more gradual than previously believed.
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| 5. |
- Bounechada, Djamela, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms behind sulfur promoted oxidation of methane
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 15:22, s. 8648-8661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The promoting effect of SO2 on the activity for methane oxidation over platinum supported on silica, alumina and ceria has been studied by flow-reactor, in situ infrared spectroscopy and in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction experiments under transient reaction conditions. The catalytic activity is clearly dependent on the support material and its interaction with the noble metal both in absence and presence of sulfur. On platinum, the competitive reactant adsorption favors oxygen dissociation such that oxygen self-poisoning is observed for Pt/silica and Pt/alumina. Contrarily for Pt/ceria, no oxygen self-poisoning is observed, which seems to be due to additional reaction channels via sites on the platinum-ceria boundary and/or ceria surface considerably far from the Pt crystallites. Addition of sulfur dioxide generally leads to the formation of ad-SOx species on the supports with a concomitant removal and/or blockage/rearrangement of surface hydroxyl groups. Thereby, the methane oxidation is inhibited for Pt/silica, enhanced for Pt/alumina and temporary enhanced followed by inhibition after long-term exposure to sulfur for Pt/ceria. The observations can be explained by competitive oxidation of SO2 and CH4 on Pt/silica, formation of new active sites at the noble metal-support interface promoting dissociative adsorption of methane on Pt/alumina, and in the case of Pt/ceria, formation of promoting interfacial surface sulfates followed by formation of deactivating bulk-like sulfate species. Furthermore, it can be excluded that reduction of detrimental high oxygen coverage and/or oxide formation on the platinum particles through SO2 oxidation is the main cause for the promotional effects observed.
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| 6. |
- Ciancio, Regina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Atomic structure of functional interfaces in Sr2RuO4/Sr3Ru2O7 eutectic crystals
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 95:14, s. 142507 (artno)-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sr2RuO4/Sr3Ru2O7 eutectic system is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high angle annular dark field scanning TEM (STEM). The Sr2RuO4/Sr3Ru2O7 lamellar structure allows studying tunneling and proximity effects between spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 and metamagnetic normal metal Sr3Ru2O7. Our analyses reveal two typologies of interfaces within the eutectic: interfaces parallel to the growth direction are sharp and defect-free whereas interfaces perpendicular to the growth direction appear wavy and decorated with Ru precipitates. These results indicate that interfaces parallel to the growth direction are the best candidates for Sr2RuO4/Sr3Ru2O7 natural junctions to study the unusual superconductivity of Sr2RuO4. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3243691]
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| 7. |
- Ciancio, Regina, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Toward intrinsic functionalities of bilayered ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 80:5, s. 054110 (artno)-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymorphic materials are known for being prone to intergrowth. Remarkable examples are strontium ruthenates whose properties are dramatically tuned by impurities and disorder. In particular, Sr3Ru2O7 shows a strong variation in transport and magnetic properties depending on synthesis process. It is therefore crucial to correlate atomic structure and properties to identify the functionalities of individual nanostructural constituents. We report a comparative study between Sr3Ru2O7 crystals grown as single phase and in Sr3Ru2O7-Sr2RuO4 eutectics. Our analysis by transmission electron microscopy reveals that Sr3Ru2O7 domains of the eutectic have a significantly lower level of impurities compared to Sr3Ru2O7 single-phase crystals, where intergrowths of Sr4Ru3O10 and SrRuO3 phase are seen. This is confirmed by magnetic measurements. These results identify the eutectic solidification as a fruitful way to grow highly pure crystals of polymorphic materials which, in combination with recent technological developments allowing the extraction of embedded features of crystals, opens a pathway for understanding of their physical properties and applications.
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| 8. |
- Dahlern, Tanja von, 1978-
(författare)
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Moving Images of Literature : Transformations of Literature in Contemporary Video and Film Installation Art
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the many engagements with literature beyond the literary field. More specifically, it studies different ways of staging and transforming literature in video and film installation since the 1990s. The dissertation presents a close reading of four artworks, each representing a key approach to transformation: Stan Douglas’ Der Sandmann (1995), based on E.T.A. Hoffmann’s 1817 short story of the same title; Gerard Byrne’s 1984 and Beyond (2005–07), a staging of a conversation between science fiction writers, originally published in Playboy magazine in 1963; Fiona Tan’s Disorient (2009), which takes Marco Polo’s travelogue from the late thirteenth century as its point of departure; and Kutluğ Ataman’s The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (2009), derived from Shakespeare’s plays. Video and film installation occupies an important position in contemporary art, often using pre-existing cultural material from other media. Its specific temporal and spatial structure makes it a particularly rich art form for the study of how literary works are transformed, and what images of literature, in its broadest sense, are used and set in motion. The focus is on processes of transformation through selection and modification, interpretation, reframing, and shift in media. The study is informed by theories from the fields of intertextuality, intermediality, adaptation studies, and artistic appropriation.Each of the artists turn to widely-known works or authors. The approaches to literature range from the projection of alphanumeric text to the staging of a conversation between authors, which shifts the focus from the literary work to the discourses and conditions of literature. It becomes clear that the artists, in their installations, do not necessarily perform retellings of their sources. Literature is discussed in its role as a vehicle for cultural values, as a place where narrative conventions are negotiated, and where cultural space is mediated and constructed. All the studied artists employ a variety of devices of estrangement. The dissertation especially discusses the oscillation between source and derived work in relation to the installations’ self-reflexive form.
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| 9. |
- Danielsen, Yngvild, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between life-style and cardio-metabolic risk indicators in children: the importance of screen time
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:2, s. 253-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS:To examine differences between children with obesity and normal weight children (aged 7-13 years) in terms of physical activity, screen time, food intake and blood parameters indicative of cardio-metabolic risk. Further, to explore the relationship between physical activity, screen time and food intake with cardio-metabolic parameters.METHODS:Forty-three children with obesity were compared with 43 normal weight peers. Physical activity was monitored by accelerometers and screen time and food intake by diaries. Blood parameters indicative of cardio-metabolic risk were analysed.RESULTS:The group of children with obesity had significantly less vigorous activity (p = 0.013), more daily screen time (p = 0.004) and consumed more fat (p = 0.04) than the group of normal weight children. The former group also demonstrated higher values of triglycerides (p = 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.009), C-peptide (p = 0.001), had a higher HOMA-R score (p = 0.001), and lower levels of HDL (p = 0.001). After controlling for weight category, regression analyses revealed that screen time was significantly and positively related to the HOMA-R score and C-peptide levels independent of physical activity and intake of fat and sugar.CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate that screen time is an important behavioural factor related to obesity and cardio-metabolic risk indicators in children.
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| 10. |
- Franklin, Karl A., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a palaeolithic diet on obstructive sleep apnoea occurring in females who are overweight after menopause-a randomised controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 46, s. 1833-1839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives Obesity is the main risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea, commonly occurring in females who are overweight after menopause. We aimed to study the effect of a palaeolithic diet on sleep apnoea in females with overweight after menopause from the population. Methods Seventy healthy, non-smoking females with a mean age of 60 years and a mean BMI of 33 kg/m(2) were randomised to a palaeolithic diet or to a control low-fat diet according to Nordic Nutritional Recommendations, for 2 years. The apnoea-hypopnoea index was measured and daytime sleepiness was estimated during the intervention. Results The mean apnoea-hypopnoea index at baseline was 11.6 (95% CI 8.6-14.5). The mean weight loss was 7.2 kg (95% CI 5.3-9.2 kg) in the palaeolithic diet group and 3.9 kg in the control group (95% CI 1.9-5.9 kg); p < 0.021 for the group difference. The reduction in weight corresponded to a reduction in the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the palaeolithic diet group (r = 0.38, p = 0.034) but not in the control group (r = 0.08, p = 0.69). The apnoea-hypopnoea index was reduced in the palaeolithic diet group when the weight was reduced by more than 8 kg. Daytime sleepiness according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score was unaffected by dietary group allocation. Conclusions A substantial decrease in body weight of 8 kg was needed to achieve a reduction in sleep apnoea in this small trial of women who are overweight after menopause. The palaeolithic diet was more effective for weight reduction than a control low-fat diet and the reduction in sleep apnoea was related to the degree of weight decrement within this diet group.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Gerkin, Richard C., et al.
(författare)
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Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
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| 13. |
- Jarlbrink, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Det våras för journalisten : Symboler och handlingsmönster för den svenska pressens medarbetare från 1870-tal till 1930-tal
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling är att analysera hur den svenska pressens medarbetare representerades i olika medier från 187o-talet till 193o-talet, hur och varför representationerna förändrades, och hur tidningsrnedarbetare förhöll sig till dem. Representationerna av tidningsrnedarbetare i romaner, noveller, film, presshistoriska arbeten, debatter och karikatyrer formade bilden av yrket i offentligheten. De som var verksamma i pressen försökte kontrollera, förändra och använda dessa representationer för att framställa sig själva som legitima och ttovärdiga. Denna sttävan efter kontroll analyseras med hjälp av Erving Goffmans teori om roller. Med begrepp från Pierre Bourdieu undersöks även hur denna sttävan var en del av olika tidningsrnedarbetares försök att etablera ett journalistiskt fält med regler och kapital som stärkte de egna intressena. Avhandlingens huvudargument är att kampen om kontroll och förändring av representationerna å den ena sidan, och strävan att agera i enlighet med allmänna förväntningar på rollen å den andra, var av stor betydelse för journalisttollens och journalistikens formering och etablering. Perspektivet är kulturhistoriskt snarare än professionssociologiskt. Tidningar, romaner och filmer var arenor där journalistikens regler förhandlades och etablerades. Det som värderades i 1800-talets tidningsvärld var politiska, polemiska och litterära texter, där publicisten gavs utrymme att uttrycka sin personliga ståndpunkt. Underordnade tidningsrnedarbetare hade emellertid inte samma möjligheter att uttrycka och profilera sig. Detta förändrades successivt i 1900-talets början. Tidningarna i massupplaga försökte nu locka läsare med sensationella nyheter, stora rubriker och bilder på förstasidan. Journalisternas uppgift blev att leverera de nyheter som tidningsköparna ville läsa om. Denna marknadslogik blev samtidigt en del av det journalistiska fältets regler. Att hitta och rapportera stora nyheter var ett sätt att utmärka sig och bli erkänd som en riktig journalist som behärskade rollen.
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| 14. |
- Kallings, Lena, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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The SED-GIH : A Single-Item Question for Assessment of Stationary Behavior-A Study of Concurrent and Convergent Validity.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unfavorable health consequences of prolonged time spent sedentary (stationary) make accurate assessment in the general population important. However, for many existing questionnaires, validity for identifying stationary time has not been shown or has shown low validity. This study aimed to assess the concurrent and convergent validity of the GIH stationary single-item question (SED-GIH). Data were obtained in 2013 and 2014 from two Swedish cohorts. A total of 711 men and women provided valid accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+) and were included for concurrent validity analyses. A total of 560 individuals answered three additional commonly used sedentary questions, and were included for convergent validity analysis. The SED-GIH displayed a significant correlation with total stationary time (rs = 0.48) and time in prolonged stationary time (rs = 0.44). The ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.72 for identifying individuals with stationary time over 600 min/day. The SED-GIH correlated significantly with other previously used questions (r = 0.72-0.89). The SED-GIH single-item question showed a relatively high agreement with device-assessed stationary behavior and was able to identify individuals with high levels of stationary time. Thus, the SED-GIH may be used to assess total and prolonged stationary time. This has important implications, as simple assessment tools of this behavior are needed in public health practice and research.
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| 15. |
- Lorantfy, Bettina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the respiratory physiology of Lactococcus lactis for starter culture production with improved acidification capacity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microbial Stress: From Molecules to Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Commercial freeze-dried starter cultures for cheese making are produced mainly via anaerobic batch processes. A recent discovery has shown that some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are able to sustain respiration under aerobic conditions when hemin is added to the growth medium, since it completes the electron transport chain for respiration, which is otherwise defective [1]. Respiration is energetically beneficial: compared to fermentation, under respiratory conditions the biomass yield is higher and a different by-product pattern is observed. However, it is also important to consider whether the different metabolism can affect the performance of the starter culture. Thus, this project investigates LAB respiratory physiology, aiming to clarify the molecular reasons behind the milk acidification capacity of the respiratory culture. Our bioreactor results demonstrate that with hemin addition, cells switch from the fermentation to respiration only in the late exponential phase of growth. Although presence of oxygen is an additional stress for LAB, in the presence of hemin under aerobic conditions cells have surprisingly better fermentation behaviour, i.e. higher lactate yield before the respiratory switch. Therefore, we hypothesize that with improved fermentation a certain energy threshold is achieved for the respiratory switch. This energy requirement might be related to the intake of the hemin, however this aspect needs further investigation, as hemin transport into the cells has not been characterized yet.Reference: [1] Lechardeur D et al Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011,22(2):143
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| 16. |
- Lorantfy, Bettina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of galactose in precultures induces lacS and leads to short lag phase in lactose-grown Lactococcus lactis cultures
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-5435 .- 1476-5535. ; 46:1, s. 33-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactose conversion by lactic acid bacteria is of high industrial relevance and consistent starter culture quality is of outmost importance. We observed that Lactococcus lactis using the high-affinity lactose-phosphotransferase system excreted galactose towards the end of the lactose consumption phase. The excreted galactose was re-consumed after lactose depletion. The lacSgene, known to encode a lactose permease with affinity for galactose, a putative galactose–lactose antiporter, was upregulated under the conditions studied. When transferring cells from anaerobic to respiration-permissive conditions, lactose-assimilating strains exhibited a long and non-reproducible lag phase. Through systematic preculture experiments, the presence of galactose in the precultures was correlated to short and reproducible lag phases in respiration-permissive main cultivations. For starter culture production, the presence of galactose during propagation of dairy strains can provide a physiological marker for short culture lag phase in lactose-grown cultures.
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| 17. |
- Lorantfy, Bettina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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What induces respiration in lactic acid bacteria? Characterization of respiratory metabolism of Lactococcus lactis in bioreactors for production of starter cultures with improved acidification capacity
- 2015
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Ingår i: RAFT 11 Recent Advances in Fermentation Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Commercial freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria starter cultures for cheese making are produced mainly via anaerobic batch fermentations. Recently, it has been shown that some Lactococcus lactis species are able to sustain respiration under aerobic conditions when hemin is added to the growth medium, since it completes the electron transport chain for respiration, which is otherwise defective. Respiration is energetically beneficial and under respiratory conditions, higher biomass yield is obtained together with a changed by-product pattern, compared to fermentation [1]. So far it has not been studied how the different culture conditions and thereby different metabolism affect the starter culture performance. In this project, we investigate respiratory culture conditions, and the effect on the milk acidification capacity of the culture. Since Lactococcus lactis is a fastidious microorganism, a rich chemically defined medium was developed to support the nutrient requirements, and was applied for bioreactor cultivations with quantitative approaches. The product profile and on-line gas analysis revealed that with hemin addition at the start of the process, cells switch to respiratory metabolism only in the second phase of growth, after an initial mixed-acid fermentative phase. To characterize the observed respiratory switch, a multivariate study was performed: a set of bioreactor batch experiments were carried out with different initial sugar concentrations under anaerobic, aerobic, and respiratory conditions. The results indicate that hemin addition together with some yet not defined threshold must be met in order to induce the respiratory metabolic state of the culture.[1] Lechardeur D et al Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011,22(2):143‐149
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| 18. |
- Lönn, Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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ZigBee-ready modules for sensor networking
- 2005
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Ingår i: REALWSN 2005,2005. - Proceedings of the 1st workshop on real-world wireless sensor networks : REALWSN 2005. ; , s. 6.3-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Mapelli, Valeria, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Systems biology methods and developments for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other industrial yeasts in relation to the production of fermented food and food ingredients
- 2013
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Ingår i: Microbial Production of Food Ingredients, Enzymes and Nutraceuticals. - : Elsevier. - 9780857093431 ; , s. 42-80
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter describes the use of the systems biology tool box in the production of food and food ingredients based on yeast fermentation. Challenges and possibilities of the application of systems biology are described in relation to the production of yeast fermented food and to novel production of food ingredients and nutraceuticals based on yeast fermentation. While brewer's yeast remains the main and best characterized microorganism used for food and beverage production, the chapter also describes how systems biology tools can be valuable in the implementation of novel cell factories for food ingredients using so-called non-conventional yeasts. © 2013 Woodhead Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Monjas, Leticia, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of truncated derivatives of abyssomicin C as antibacterial agents.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Beilstein journal of organic chemistry. - : Beilstein Institut. - 1860-5397. ; 15, s. 1468-1474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis and antibacterial activity of two new highly truncated derivatives of the natural product abyssomicin C are reported. This work outlines the limits of structural truncation of the natural product and consequently provides insights for further structure-activity relationship studies towards novel antibiotics targeting 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate (ADC) synthase. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the synthetically challenging bicyclic motif is essential for activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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| 21. |
- Musaddiq, Arslan, et al.
(författare)
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Industry-Academia Cooperation : Applied IoT Research for SMEs in South-East Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Internet of Things. GIoTS 2022. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031209352 - 9783031209369 ; , s. 397-410
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the activities of the Applied IoT Lab at the Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Linnaeus University (LNU), Kalmar, Sweden. The lab is actively engaged in IoT-based educational programs, including a series of workshops and pilot cases. The lab is funded by the European Union and two Swedish counties – Kalmar and Kronoberg. The workshops and pilot cases are part of the research project named IoT Lab for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). One of the lab’s main objectives is to strengthen and support local companies with IoT. The project IoT Lab for SMEs also aims to spread knowledge and inspire the local community about the possibilities of using IoT technologies by organizing open lab days, in-depth lectures, and seminars. This paper introduces Applied IoT Lab at LNU, its educational programs, and industry-academic cooperation, including workshops and a number of ongoing pilot cases.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Olin, Agnes B., et al.
(författare)
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Increases of opportunistic species in response to ecosystem change : the case of the Baltic Sea three-spined stickleback
- 2022
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 79:5, s. 1419-1434
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under rapid environmental change, opportunistic species may exhibit dramatic increases in response to the altered conditions, and can in turn have large impacts on the ecosystem. One such species is the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which has shown substantial increases in several aquatic systems in recent decades. Here, we review the population development of the stickleback in the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water ecosystem subject to rapid environmental change. Current evidence points to predatory release being the central driver of the population increases observed in some areas, while both eutrophication and climate change have likely contributed to creating more favourable conditions for the stickleback. The increasing stickleback densities have had profound effects on coastal ecosystem function by impairing the recruitment of piscivorous fish and enhancing the effects of eutrophication through promoting the production of filamentous algae. The increase poses a challenge for both environmental management and fisheries, where a substantial interest from the pelagic fisheries fleet in exploiting the species calls for urgent attention. While significant knowledge gaps remain, we suggest that the case of the Baltic Sea stickleback increase provides generalisable lessons of value for understanding and managing other coastal ecosystems under rapid change.
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| 24. |
- Olsson, Elizabeth, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Academic Literacies in international relations: towards a pedagogy of practice
- 2024
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Ingår i: Teaching in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-2517 .- 1470-1294. ; 29:2, s. 471-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academic Literacies elucidates how undergraduate students with diverse skillsets can effectively engage with socially constructed and discipline-specific knowledge(s) through writing. Over the last two decades, language specialists and education researchers have developed a robust, student-focused epistemology. However, it remains unclear how lecturers understand and teach Academic Literacies in their courses. This article shifts the focus by exploring how we –a teaching team in International Relations at a Swedish university –translated the knowledge claims and ideological commitments of Academic Literacies into an applied pedagogy. We employ collaborative, reflective practice to investigate how we progressively integrated Academic Literacies in an introductory, bachelor’s level course from 2010–2019. Specifically, we illustrate how we used formative feedback, peer assessment, and reflective journaling to teach International Relations throughacademic writing. We conclude with a discussion of the best practices and unresolved challenges of our evolving pedagogical design.
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| 25. |
- Olsson, Elizabeth, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching IR Through Writing: A Comprehensive Approach to the Continuous Development of Writing Instruction in an Introductory International Relations Course
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European Consortium For Political Research (ECPR), General Conference 2020.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research demonstrates the pedagogical benefits of integrating academic literacies into disciplinary courses. This research, however, does not elucidate how university teachers can effectively incorporate academic writing into their courses without training, experience and institutional support. Since many university teachers working in continental Europe and beyond are untrained in academic writing pedagogies, there is a pressing need to illustrate the opportunities and obstacles they face when incorporating academic literacies into their courses. Article authors address this challenge by presenting an experience-based pedagogical design they developed over ten years of teaching an introductory course in international relations at a Swedish university. Authors illustrate how they used formative assessment, peer review and reflexive journaling to teach both disciplinary content and academic literacies to large groups of students with diverse knowledge and needs. In addition to their own experiences, authors draw on students’ course evaluations and journal entries to determine the strengths and weaknesses of their pedagogical design. The article concludes with a discussion of pitfalls and best practices intended to help scholars untrained in academic writing pedagogies (better) incorporate academic literacies into their courses.
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| 26. |
- Olsson, Ing-Marie, 1978-
(författare)
-
Experimental Designs at the Crossroads of Drug Discovery
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- New techniques and approaches for organic synthesis, purification and biological testing are enabling pharmaceutical industries to produce and test increasing numbers of compounds every year. Surprisingly, this has not led to more new drugs reaching the market, prompting two questions – why is there not a better correlation between their efforts and output, and can it be improved? One possible way to make the drug discovery process more efficient is to ensure, at an early stage, that the tested compounds are diverse, representative and of high quality. In addition the biological evaluation systems have to be relevant and reliable. The diversity of the tested compounds could be ensured and the reliability of the biological assays improved by using Design Of Experiments (DOE) more frequently and effectively. However, DOE currently offers insufficient options for these purposes, so there is a need for new, tailor-made DOE strategies. The aim of the work underlying this thesis was to develop and evaluate DOE approaches for diverse compound selection and efficient assay optimisation. This resulted in the publication of two new DOE strategies; D-optimal Onion Design (DOOD) and Rectangular Experimental Designs for Multi-Unit Platforms (RED-MUP), both of which are extensions to established experimental designs. D-Optimal Onion Design (DOOD) is an extension to D-optimal design. The set of possible objects that could be selected is divided into layers and D-optimal selection is applied to each layer. DOOD enables model-based, but not model-dependent, selections in discrete spaces to be made, since the selections are not only based on the D-optimality criterion, but are also biased by the experimenter’s prior knowledge and specific needs. Hence, DOOD selections provide controlled diversity. Assay development and optimisation can be a major bottleneck restricting the progress of a project. Although DOE is a recognised tool for optimising experimental systems, there has been widespread unwillingness to use it for assay optimisation, mostly because of the difficulties involved in performing experiments according to designs in 96-, 384- and 1536- well formats. The RED-MUP framework combines classical experimental designs orthogonally onto rectangular experimental platforms, which facilitates the execution of DOE on these platforms and hence provides an efficient tool for assay optimisation. In combination, these two strategies can help uncovering the crossroads between biology and chemistry in drug discovery as well as lead to higher information content in the data received from biological evaluations, providing essential information for well-grounded decisions as to the future of the project. These two strategies can also help researchers identify the best routes to take at the crossroads linking biological and chemical elements of drug discovery programs.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Olsson, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
-
Synthesis of Bacterial Oligosaccharides from N. meningitidis and Mechanistic Details of Stereoselective Glycosylations Using a Novel Bicyclic Donor
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis includes two parts. The first part, comprising Chapters 3, 4 and 5, describes the synthesis of bacterial oligosaccharides. In Chapters 3 and 4, the synthesis of branched and phosphorylated oligosaccharide structures corresponding to inner core epitopes of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the Gram-negative bacteria N. meningitidis are discussed. A series of different spacer-equipped, phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated, glycosides has been synthesized as a part of a program involving development of a glycoconjugate-based vaccine against meningitis. Chapter 5 describes the synthesis of a tetrasaccharide corresponding to the repeating unit of the extracellular capsular polysaccharide (CPS) found in S. enteritidis. A short and efficient synthetic route to a trisaccharide acceptor corresponding to the common Gal-Man-Rha backbone found in several Salmonella O-antigen is presented. Further more, the synthesis of a novel tyveloside thioglycoside and the final glycosylation to assemble the complete target tetrasaccharide is reported. The second part, Chapters 6 and 7, describes the development of a novel type of glycosyl donor, a 2N,3O-oxazolidinone protected bicyclic thioglycoside. This donor can be used in stereoselective glycosylations where, by tuning the reaction conditions, either complete α- or β-selectivity can be obtained from the same donor/acceptor system. A mechanistic explanation for this behaviour, involving initial formation of the β-anomer followed by a AgOTf-catalyzed in situ endocyclic anomerization to yield the more stable corresponding α-anomer, has been established. The suggested mechanism was supported by a series of NMR-experiments. Finally, in Chapter 7, the synthesis and use of a galacto-configured 2N,3O-oxazolidinone donor for the synthesis of a serine 2-acetamido 2-deoxy galactoside, a versatile building block for the synthesis of mucin O-glycan core structures, is discussed.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Olsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors important for health-related quality of life in men and women : The population based SCAPIS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) is essential for human wellbeing, influenced by a complex interplay of factors, and is reported lower in women than men. We aimed to evaluate which factors were the most important for HRQoL in a middle-aged general population.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multi-centre study of 29,212 men (48%) and women (52%) aged 50-64 in the general population in Sweden. Physical and mental HRQoL (0-100) was assessed using the Short Form 12 questionnaire, and association was evaluated for 356 variables including demographics, lifestyle, symptoms, physiological measurements, and health conditions. Using machine learning, each variable ' s importance for HRQoL was measured by an importance score, comparable to effect size, and summarised in 54 factors, in men and women separately.ResultsMen and women had similar mean and standard deviation (SD) scores for physical HRQoL (53.4 [SD 8.1] vs 51.4 [9.7]) and mental HRQoL (37.1 [5.0] vs 37.3 [5.4]). The most important factors for physical HRQoL were (importance score) physical activity (40), employment (36), pain (33), sleep (33), and sense of control (26). The most important factors for mental HRQoL were sense of control (18), physical activity (12), depression (12), pain (6), and employment (5).ConclusionsThe factors important for HRQoL identified by this study are likely to be amenable to interventions, and our findings can support prioritising interventions. The identified factors need to be a target even before middle-age to lay the foundation for long and happy lives.
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| 31. |
- Olsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in a population aged 50-64 years
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 10:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Breathlessness is a troublesome and prevalent symptom in the population, but knowledge of related factors is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in the general population and to describe the shapes of the associations between the main factors and breathlessness.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out of the multicentre population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) of adults aged 50 to 64 years. Breathlessness was defined as a modified Medical Research Council breathlessness rating ≥2. The machine learning algorithm extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was used to classify participants as either breathless or nonbreathless using 449 factors, including physiological measurements, blood samples, computed tomography cardiac and lung measurements, lifestyle, health conditions and socioeconomics. The strength of the associations between the factors and breathlessness were measured by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), with higher scores reflecting stronger associations.RESULTS: A total of 28 730 participants (52% women) were included in the study. The strongest associated factors for breathlessness were (in order of magnitude): body mass index ( SHAP score 0.39), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (0.32), physical activity measured by accelerometery (0.27), sleep apnoea (0.22), diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (0.21), self-reported physical activity (0.17), chest pain when hurrying (0.17), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (0.17), recent weight change (0.14) and cough (0.13).CONCLUSION: This large population-based study of men and women aged 50-64 years identified the main factors related to breathlessness that may be prevented or amenable to public health interventions.
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| 32. |
- Olsson, Martin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Repeated lumbar punctures within 3days may affect CSF biomarker levels.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fluids and barriers of the CNS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-8118. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lumbar puncture (LP) is a common way of collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both in the clinic and in research. In this extension of a study on the relationship between sleep deprivation and CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, we investigated CSF biomarker dynamics in relation to rebound sleep after sleep deprivation. Two LPs were performed within 3days in 13 healthy volunteers. We noticed an unexpected sharp rise in biomarker concentrations in the second sample and therefore repeated the experiment, but without sleep intervention, in four additional individuals. The findings were similar in these subjects, suggesting an inherent methodological problem with repeated LPs. The result corroborates findings in studies with repeated CSF collection via indwelling lumbar catheters, and needs to be addressed in, for instance, pharmacodynamic studies employing these techniques.
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| 33. |
- Olsson, Martin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep Deprivation and CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1550-9109 .- 0161-8105. ; 41:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the cumulative effect of 5 consecutive nights of partial sleep deprivation on a panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in healthy adults.A randomized, cross-over study conducted at the University of Gothenburg. The participants (N=13) were healthy adults (20-40 years of age) with a normal sleeping pattern. The participants underwent a baseline sleep period consisting of 5 nights with 8h spent in bed. A subsequent period with partial sleep deprivation (PSD) consisted of 5 nights of maximum 4h of sleep per night. Four participants were also subjected to a prolonged period of PSD consisting of 8 nights with 4h of sleep per night. Sleep was monitored by means of observation, actigraphy and continuous polysomnographic recordings. CSF samples were collected by routine lumbar puncture after each period. CSF biomarkers included the 38, 40 and 42 amino acid-long Aβ isoforms, total-tau, phospho-tau, orexin, monoamine metabolites (MHPG, HVA and 5-HIAA), neuron-derived biomarkers (NF-L, NSE, FABP) and astro- and microglia-derived biomarkers (GFAP, S-100B, YKL-40).PSD was associated with a 27% increase in CSF orexin concentrations (P= 0.001). No PSD-related changes in CSF biomarkers for amyloid build-up in the brain, Alzheimer disease (AD)-type neurodegeneration or astroglial activation were observed. PSD led to a shortening of time spent in all sleep stages except slow wave sleep (SWS).5-8 consecutive nights of PSD, with preserved SWS, increased CSF orexin but had no effect on CSF biomarkers for amyloid deposition, neuronal injury and astroglial activation.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Olsson, Sven Johan Gustav, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Categorical answer modes provides superior validity to open answers when asking for level of physical activity : A cross-sectional study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 44:1, s. 70-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS:Physical activity (PA) used as prevention and treatment of disease has created a need for effective tools for measuring patients' PA level. Our aim was therefore to assess the validity of two PA questions and their three associated answer modes.METHODS:Data on PA according to the PA questions and Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers, aerobic fitness (VO2max), cardiovascular biomarkers, and self-rated general health were collected in 365 Swedish adults (21-66 years). The PA questions ask about weekly PA via categories (Categorical), an open-ended answer (Open), or specified day by day (Table).RESULTS:The Categorical mode, compared with the Open mode, correlated (Spearman's rho) significantly more strongly (p<0.05) with accelerometer PA (0.31 vs. 0.18) and VO2max (0.27 vs. 0.06), and the level of BMI (-0.20 vs. -0.02), waist circumference (-0.22 vs. -0.03), diastolic blood pressure (-0.16 vs. 0.08), glucose (-0.18 vs. 0.04), triglycerides (-0.31 vs. -0.07), and general health (0.35 vs. 0.19). The validity of the Categorical and Table modes were similar regarding VO2max and accelerometry, but the Categorical mode exhibited more significant and stronger correlations with cardiovascular biomarkers. The capacity of the PA questions to identify insufficiently physically active individuals ranged from 0.57 to 0.76 for sensitivity and from 0.47 to 0.79 for specificity.CONCLUSIONS:The Categorical mode exhibits the strongest validity and Open mode the weakest. The PA questions may be used on a population level, or as a tool for determining patents' appropriateness for treatment.
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| 36. |
- Olsson, Sven Johan Gustav, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the Swedish physical activity on prescription model on health-related quality of life in overweight older adults: a randomised controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe effects of physical activity on prescription (PAP) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight adults are unclear. We therefore aimed to explore the effects of the Swedish PAP model on HRQoL in overweight older adults.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a cohort of men and women born between 1937 and 1938, and living in Stockholm County. Inclusion criteria were; insufficiently physically active, i.e. <30 min of at least moderate intensity physical activity (PA) per day; body mass index >25 kg/m 2 ; and waist circumference ≥102 cm (men) or ≥88 cm (women). Altogether, 101 individuals, aged 67 years, were randomly assigned to two parallel groups: intervention group (n = 47) receiving individualised PAP or control group (n = 54). The 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was administered before and after the six months intervention. Main outcomes were the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Intention to treat analysis was utilised. Regression analysis was performed to assess whether changes in PA and body weight affected changes in HRQoL.ResultsAt the six months follow-up, regarding the MCS score, the intervention group had improved significantly more (median: 4.4 [interquartile range (IQR): −2.4 to 23.3]) vs (median: 0.0 [IQR: −4.0 to 4.9]); p < 0.05) and a higher proportion of participants had attained relevant improvements (OR 2.43 (95 % CI 1.00–5.88) p < 0.05) compared to the controls. A within group improvement in the PCS score (median: 3.8 [IQR: −1.9 to 19.5] p < 0.05) was found in the intervention group. Changes in PA and body weight had a small, but significant, mediating effect on the changes in HRQoL.ConclusionsPAP had a positive effect on HRQoL, measured by the SF-36 MCS, but no significant between group effect was seen on the PCS in overweight older adults. These effects were, to some extent, mediated by changes in PA and body weight. Our findings support clinical use of the Swedish PAP model.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02320760.
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| 37. |
- Olsson, Sven Johan Gustav, 1978-
(författare)
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Studies of physical activity in the Swedish population
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Cheap and effective tools for measuring patients’ physical activity (PA) level are needed. The first aim in this thesis was therefore to assess the validity of two PA -questions, and their three associated answer modes, that are used within the Swedish health care system. Sitting, light intensity PA (LIPA), and moderate and vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), are associated with health and longevity, but detailed population data assessed with objective methods is needed. The second aim was thus to assess the above with motion sensor technology, in a middle-aged Swedish sample. Low self-perceived health is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality, but this association may vary over time with changes in the society and our lifestyle. The third aim was to assess secular trends in the interrelations between self-perceived health, physical fitness, and selected covariates. The effects of PA on prescription (PAP) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight adults are unclear, thus the fourth aim was to explore this.Methods: All data was collected in the Swedish population. Data from the PA -questions and accelerometers, aerobic fitness, counter movement jump, and balance tests, blood samples, and self-rated general health were collected in 365 participants, 21–66 yrs. The PA pattern was assessed in 948 individuals, 50‒64 yrs, from the SCAPIS pilot study. Self-perceived physical health, and measured aerobic fitness, counter movement jump height, and balance, and demographic and lifestyle data, was assessed in three independent samples from 1990, 2000 and 2013, including 3564 adults, 20‒65 yrs. The effects of Swedish PAP on HRQoL was assessed in a randomized controlled trial including 101 men and women, 67‒68 yrs, that were inactive, overweight (BMI>25 kg/m2), and had a waist circumference ≥102 cm (men) or ≥88 cm (women), who were randomized to an intervention group or a control group. The 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess HRQoL.Results: The multiple choice answer mode of the two PA -questions was found to have the strongest validity, compared with the two other (an open mode, and one where PA minutes is specified per weekday). The validity is in line with many other established PA-questionnaires, but the open mode has limitations. The assessment of PA pattern showed that 61% of motion sensor wear time represented sitting, 35% LIPA, and 4% MVPA. Only 7% of the sample met the PA recommendations. The odds for describing perceived health as good was found to increase by 5% per each increment of 1 ml/kg/min in VO2max. This was stable across genders and all three LIV-samples (i.e. over time). Waist circumference, chronic disease, sleep problems, and level of satisfaction with one’s life, were also important correlates. The Swedish PAP group improved significantly more, and more participants displayed clinically relevant improvements (OR 2.43), in mental aspects of HRQoL, compared to the controls. Physical aspects of HRQoL improved in the PAP group, but not in the control group.Conclusions: The multiple choice answer mode has the strongest validity and Open mode the weakest. The PA -questions may be used in populations, or in individuals to determine appropriateness for treatment. The questions’ advantages and limitations must be considered and further reliability and validity studies are needed. The results regarding sitting, LIPA, MVPA and fulfillment of PA recommendations, are of high clinical relevance. A great challenge remains to further implement methods to increase the level of PA in the Swedish population. Physical fitness is related to self-perceived health independently of changes in society and lifestyle over time, and simple questions may be useful for the clinical assessment of physical fitness. Swedish PAP has a positive effect on mental aspects of HRQoL, measured by the SF-36. This finding supports the clinical use of the Swedish PAP model.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Svanberg, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Arbetets relationer och etniska dimensioner : Verkstadsföreningen, Metall och esterna vid Svenska Stålpressnings AB i Olofström 1945-1952
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Labour migration to Sweden is analysed from a labour perspective. As regards theory, the thesis focuses on how class and ethnicity intersect in a capitalistic setting, but it also gives attention to gender and age as structural principles. The main purpose is to analyse migrants in Sweden as a party in the relationship between labour and capital, and to explore how the immigration and the active recruitment of workers in other countries affected and was affected by the relative strengths of the parties on the labour market, covering the period 1945–1952.The relationship between labour and capital, regarding migration-related issues, is analysed from above and below on both national and local level, and the thesis discerns how the state mediated between the parties. It examines the first encounters between foreign-born and native-born workers at shop-floor level, how these encounters affected the relationship between the trade union and the industrial management concerned, and explores how all this, in turn, affected the relationship between the national parties on the Swedish labour market. A structural perspective is combined with micro analyses of narratives from the actors involved, which opens up for a study of the history of society.Firstly, the thesis addresses the relationship between the Swedish Engineering Employers’ Association and the Swedish Metalworkers’ Union, and secondly it is a local workplace study, focusing on Svenska Stålpressnings AB in Olofström (the Swedish Steel Pressing Company). The more precise focus of attention is on war refugees from Estonia employed by the company in Olofström between 1945 and 1947, and on Estonians recruited directly from West German refugee camps in the early 1950s.The study reveals that the Metalworkers’ Union at first opposed labour recruitment abroad – at both national and local level –, but also how coincident interests developed between labour, capital and the state regarding labour immigration. An important finding is that the Metalworkers’ Union had great influence considering which companies would be allowed to recruit foreign-born workers, and that the trade union could direct the migrations to workplaces with acceptable staff policies.A fundamental research problem for the thesis is, furthermore, how social groups construct ethnic boundaries between “us” and “the others”. It is stressed that Estonians’ background experiences and social memories differed from those of the Swedish workers, and that these differences affected the outcomes of the first encounters. But it is also pointed out that the Estonian group was internally divided, with a basis in interwar Estonian political history and in disparate class backgrounds among the Estonians.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Williamsson, Jon, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Feasibility study of the electrification of the urban goods distribution transport system, part II
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on the results from FFI project Feasibility study of the electrification of the urban goods distribution transport system (Vinnova reg. no. 2011-01803), this project aimed to investigate how urban goods distribution fleets can be electrified and how new logistics solutions and incentives can influence the transition in a positive way, considering the year 2015, 2020 and 2025. The project is divided into five work packages (WP). The purpose of the first work package, WP1 Fleet Electrification Study, was to evaluate at what rate it is possible for urban goods distribution fleets to become electrified. WP2, Service Impact Evaluation, is a description of ICT services to support electric trucks for goods distribution in cities. The purpose of WP3, Comparative Fleet Electrification Case and Best Practice Investigation, was to compare the electrification case for TGM/Bäckebol in Gothenburg to a reference case in France and to the findings from research and demonstration projects within Europe. WP4, Method Description, package had two purposes. First, it aimed to broadly describe, from a project management perspective, how the project was executed. Second, it presents a review of the project based on the members’ views on how the project was conducted. Finally, WP5, Project Management, included the operative project management activities in the different work packages as well as administrative work such as financial reporting and communications on project progress and results. The project results show that it is difficult for the EVs to compete in 2015 considering a replacement of the diesel trucks with all-electric trucks. However, in 2020 the switch to an EV produces a small profit. This positive outcome for the EV is repeated in 2025 over 8 years of operation. Comparing the results, the two shifts solution never did get financially competitive with the diesel vehicle used in one shift. The reason for this was that the cost of unsocial hours was greater than the benefit of increased utilization of the EVs. Keeping the amount of unsocial hours down, while maximizing the utilization rate of the EV is therefore paramount. In other cities than Gothenburg, where congestion causes severe delays, the efficiency gained by distributing goods off-hours might balance the higher salary costs. The starting point in both the previous and in this project was the introduction of new technology to reduce the negative environmental impact of transports. As the project progressed it became clear that many parameters, other than strictly technological ones, influence the possibility to make a transition to electric distribution. One example, as described above, is the case of off-hour distribution, where the increased salary cost was too high to make the business case profitable. Another example is the limited range of electric vehicles. As the cost competitiveness of electric vehicles benefit greatly from specialization, the business relationship between the transport operator and the shippers becomes more important than in the case of a diesel vehicle. Long term assignments with well-defined transport routes are preferable to be able to use the vehicles long term and dare to take the higher investment cost.
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| 42. |
- Yrjänäinen, Väinö, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish parliament corpus 1867–2022
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024). - : ELRA Language Resource Association. - 9782493814104 ; , s. 16100-16112
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish parliamentary records are an important source material for social science and humanities researchers. We introduce a new research corpus, the Swedish Parliament Corpus, which is larger and more developed than previously available research corpora for the Swedish parliament. The corpus contains annotated and structured parliamentary records over more than 150 years, through the bicameral parliament (1867–1970) and the unicameral parliament (1971–). In addition to the records, which contain all speeches in the parliament, we also provide a database of all members of parliament over the same period. Along with the corpus, we describe procedures to ensure data quality. The corpus facilitates detailed analysis of parliamentary speeches in several research fields.
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