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- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the climate impact of district heating systems with combined heat and power production and industrial excess heat
- 2015
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 86, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat demand is a large contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union (EU), as heat is largely produced using fossil fuel resources. Extended use of district heating (DH) could reduce climate impact, as DH systems can distribute heat produced in efficient combined heat and power (CHP) plants and industrial excess heat, thus utilising heat that would otherwise be wasted. The difficulty to estimate and compare GHG emissions from DH systems can however constitute an obstacle to an expanded implementation of DH. There are several methods for GHG emission assessments that may be used with varying assumptions and system boundaries. The aim of this paper is to illuminate how methodological choices affect the results of studies estimating GHG emissions from DH systems, and to suggest how awareness of this can be used to identify possibilities for GHG emission reductions. DH systems with CHP production and industrial excess heat are analysed and discussed in a systems approach. We apply different methods for allocating GHG emissions between products and combine them with different system boundaries. In addition, we discuss the impact of resource efficiency on GHG emissions, using the framework of industrial symbiosis (IS). We conclude that assessments of the climate impact of DH systems should take local conditions and requirements into account. In order for heat from CHP production and industrial excess heat to be comparable, heat should be considered a by-product regardless of its origin. That could also reveal opportunities for GHG emission reductions.
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- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the implementation gap: Combining backcasting and policy analysis to study renewable energy in urban road transport
- 2015
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 37, s. 72-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper combines backcasting and policy analysis to identify the opportunities for and barriers to the increased use of renewable energy and energy-effcient vehicles in an urban road transport system, namely, that of Stockholm, Sweden, in 2030. The combination of methods could bridge the implementation gap between scenario-based research and actual policy implementation and thus increase the chances of research being implemented in practise. In the case study, backcasting identifies a need for diverse fuels and vehicles and for immediate policy action. However, analysis of policy integration demonstrates that such action is unlikely given current policy structures. The fundamental lack of integration between energy and transport policy obstructs measures to increase the use of renewable fuels and more energy-effcient vehicles, which in turn obstructs the reduction of CO2 emissions from transport. The combination of backcasting and policy analysis is demonstrated to improve our under- standing of the prerequisites for transitioning to a system based on renewable energy, and could thus be useful in further research.
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- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Business Models for Extended EV Battery Life
- 2018
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Ingår i: Batteries. - : MDPI AG. - 2313-0105. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the near future, a large volume of electric vehicle (EV) batteries will reach their end-of-life in EVs. However, they may still retain capacity that could be used in a second life, e.g., for a second use in an EV, or for home electricity storage, thus becoming part of the circular economy instead of becoming waste. The aim of this paper is to explore second life of EV batteries to provide an understanding of how the battery value chain and related business models can become more circular. We apply qualitative research methods and draw on data from interviews and workshops with stakeholders, to identify barriers to and opportunities for second use of EV batteries. New business models are conceptualized, in which increased economic viability of second life and recycling and increased business opportunities for stakeholders may lead to reduced resource consumption. The results show that although several stakeholders see potential in second life, there are several barriers, many of which are of an organizational and cognitive nature. The paper concludes that actors along the battery value chain should set up new collaborations with other actors to be able to benefit from creating new business opportunities and developing new business models together.
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- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate impact of the electrification of road transport in a short-term perspective
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the transport sector, replacing conventional vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs) is considered a desirable alternative. Due to increased integration of renewable energy sources in electricity generation, EVs are often considered emission-free although current electricity generation is largely dependent on fossil fuels. By 2018, the European Union (EU) requires biofuels to ensure 60% emission reductions in a lifecycle perspective, in order to avoid unsustainable production. No such criteria apply to EVs, although several European countries aim for an EV mass market by 2020. This study aims to show how a rapid, large-scale deployment of EVs will affect the GHG emissions, using Sweden as an example. GHG emissions from the energy use of electric and conventional vehicles are compared, applying a life cycle perspective on the fuels. Results show that with assumed electricity generation, EVs cause GHG emissions 25% higher than emissions from conventional vehicles. Hence, in a short-term perspective, a large-scale introduction of EVs is not beneficial for the climate. Nonetheless, a comprehensive approach to EVs, similar to EUs biofuel sustainability policy, may help reduce GHG emissions from the electricity generation system.
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- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Spridning av laddbara bilar och laddinfrastruktur på landet och i mindre orter
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvecklingen inom elektromobilitet går mycket snabbt: antalet laddbara fordon ökar snabbt på den svenska marknaden, men ökningen syns främst i de större städerna. Samtidigt pratar man ofta om att laddbara fordon främst behövs på landsbygden och i alla landets mindre orter, där det ofta inte finns så många hållbara mobilitetsalternativ. Syftet med det projekt som presenteras i denna rapport är att förstå förutsättningarna för elektromobilitet på landsbygden och i mindre orter, och att identifiera vilka möjligheter som kan finnas att påskynda elektrifieringen av transporterna. Detta har främst studerats genom djupintervjuer med kommunala energi- och klimatrådgivare, och andra personer med uppdrag att främja elektromobilitet, i landsbygdsområden i olika delar av landet.De främsta slutsatserna som kommit fram är:Konkret information om laddbara bilars funktionalitet, räckvidd och ekonomi behövs för att sänka tröskeln för att skaffa laddbar bil. Det är mycket viktigt att den kunskap som utvecklas i olika projekt får bred spridning, exempelvis genom de kommunala energi- och klimatrådgivarna.En fungerande andrahandsmarknad, och enkla och lättillgängliga lösningar för hemmaladdning, exempelvis genom lokala energibolag, är också viktigt för att sänka tröskeln.Kommunerna är viktiga för spridningen av laddbara bilar, såväl när det gäller att introducera dem i sin egen verksamhet, bidra till uppbyggnaden av laddinfrastruktur, och genomföra kunskapshöjande insatser så som prova-på-projekt. För att se till att kommunerna har tillräckliga resurser för att kunna genomföra dessa aktiviteter på ett långsiktigt sätt finns behov av specifikt stöd.Signaler från statliga myndigheter är mycket betydelsefulla för att peka ut riktningen för teknikspridning. Stöd och insatser har i stor utsträckning riktats mot större städer, vilket har bidragit till att befästa synen på laddbara bilar som stadsbilar. Vid utformningen av fortsatta insatser för att främja utveckling och spridning av elektromobilitet är det viktigt att studera möjliga konsekvenser i ett brett systemperspektiv.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Waste(d) potential : a socio-technical analysis of biogas production and use in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 98, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper takes a socio-technical perspective on Swedish biogas production and use, in order to identify characteristics which may improve and increase biogas production. Biogas could potentially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Swedish road transport by 25%, and to that end transport policy endorses the use of biogas as vehicle fuel. Currently, however, only a small fraction of the biogas production potential is utilised. By analysing how social and technological context has influenced production and use of biogas over the past 70 years, using concepts from the theory of Large Technical Systems (LTS), features of importance for increasing biogas production are identified. Biogas is shown to be a complex issue, with different functions within the energy, transport and waste management systems. As there is not one coherent biogas system but many individual systems, with different objectives, local and sectorial measures are required in order to increase biogas production. In particular, the importance of biogas production as waste management is identified. In order to utilise the biogas potential and reduce GHG emissions from road transport, policy-makers and researchers are advised to address the plurality in biogas systems.
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| 11. |
- Olsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest Mechanisms Involving Early B-cell Development in Canine IgA Deficiency
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immune deficiency disorder in both humans and dogs, characterized by recurrent mucosal tract infections and a predisposition for allergic and other immune mediated diseases. In several dog breeds, low IgA levels have been observed at a high frequency and with a clinical resemblance to human IgAD. In this study, we used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genomic regions associated with low IgA levels in dogs as a comparative model for human IgAD. We used a novel percentile groups-approach to establish breed-specific cut-offs and to perform analyses in a close to continuous manner. GWAS performed in four breeds prone to low IgA levels (German shepherd, Golden retriever, Labrador retriever and Shar-Pei) identified 35 genomic loci suggestively associated (p <0.0005) to IgA levels. In German shepherd, three genomic regions (candidate genes include KIRREL3 and SERPINA9) were genome-wide significantly associated (p <0.0002) with IgA levels. A ~20kb long haplotype on CFA28, significantly associated (p = 0.0005) to IgA levels in Shar-Pei, was positioned within the first intron of the gene SLIT1. Both KIRREL3 and SLIT1 are highly expressed in the central nervous system and in bone marrow and are potentially important during B-cell development. SERPINA9 expression is restricted to B-cells and peaks at the time-point when B-cells proliferate into antibody-producing plasma cells. The suggestively associated regions were enriched for genes in Gene Ontology gene sets involving inflammation and early immune cell development.
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