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- Omoto, Y
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor-alpha signaling in growth of the ventral prostate: comparison of neonatal growth and postcastration regrowth
- 2008
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 149:9, s. 4421-4427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A role for estrogen receptor (ER)-α in branching morphogenesis in the ventral prostate (VP) has previously been demonstrated; in the VP of ERα−/− mice, there are fewer side branches than in wild-type littermates. In the present study, we show that in the postnatal VP, fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is expressed in wild-type mice but not in ERα−/− mice, and because branching involves proliferation pathways also used in malignant growth, we investigated whether branching during regrowth of the VP after castration involves ERα and FGF10. ERα was not detectable in the prostates of sham-operated or castrated mice but was expressed in the prostatic epithelium between d 3 and 5 after testosterone replacement. Blocking either ERα or ERβ with ICI 182,780 had no detectable effects on epithelial cell proliferation during regrowth by testosterone. The ERα agonist, propylpyrazoletriol, did not induce regrowth by itself, but exposure to propylpyrazoletriol on d 3–5 of testosterone replacement resulted in cyclin D1-positive cells in the ductal epithelium, invasion of FGF10-positive immune cells in the regrowing prostate, and budding 14 d later. Testosterone replacement alone did not induce cyclin D1, FGF10, or bud formation. These results indicate that stimulation of ERα is essential for ductal branching during postnatal prostate growth. During regrowth after castration, there is a window in time when selective stimulation of ERα can also induce ductal branching. The FGF10 for this growth comes from the immune system, not from the prostatic mesenchyme.
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- Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic and pesticide susceptibility and the Anthropocene operating space
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 1:11, s. 632-641
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising levels of antimicrobial and pesticide resistance increasingly undermine human health and systems for biomass production, and emphasize the sustainability challenge of preserving organisms susceptible to these biocides. In this Review, we introduce key concepts and examine dynamics of biocide susceptibility that must be governed to address this challenge. We focus on the impact of biocides on the capacity of susceptible organisms to prevent spread of resistance, and we then review how biocide use affects a broader suite of ecosystem services. Finally, we introduce and assess the state of what we term the Anthropocene operating space of biocide susceptibility, a framework for assessing the potential of antibiotic and pesticide resistance to undermine key functions of human society. Based on current trends in antibiotic, insecticide and herbicide resistance, we conclude that the states of all six assessed variables are beyond safe zones, with three variables surpassed regionally or globally.
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- Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Coevolutionary Governance of Antibiotic and Pesticide Resistance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 35:6, s. 484-494
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of new biocides has dominated human responses to evolution of antibiotic and pesticide resistance. Increasing and uniform biocide use, the spread of resistance genes, and the lack of new classes of compounds indicate the importance of navigating toward more sustainable coevolutionary dynamics between human culture and species that evolve resistance. To inform this challenge, we introduce the concept of coevolutionary governance and propose three priorities for its implementation: (i) new norms and mental models for lowering use, (ii) diversifying practices to reduce directional selection, and (iii) investment in collective action institutions to govern connectivity. We highlight the availability of solutions that facilitate broader sustainable development, which for antibiotic resistance include improved sanitation and hygiene, strong health systems, and decreased meat consumption.
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