| 1. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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A Matter of Time: Revisiting Growth Convergence in China
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5991 .- 0305-750X. ; 45:May, s. 239-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China’s unbalanced growth strategy has seemingly fostered growing inter-regional growth disparities and there is little evidence of wealth trickling down from richer provinces to poorer provinces. Standard convergence tests, however, may be ill specified to detect underlying long-term growth trends in small samples due to the pronounced and frequent inter-regional short-term fluctuations. Our paper suggests a novel approach to distinguish between these long-term growth trends and short-term fluctuations. Based on provincial data from 1978 to 2009, our results indicate that China’s provinces only diverge over the shortterm. Over the long term, provinces cluster into two converging growth clubs.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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Are Capitalists Green? Firm Ownership and Provincial CO2 emissions in China
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6777 .- 0301-4215. ; 123, s. 349-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In China, a large private sector has evolved alongside a still sizeable state-owned sector that is subject to government control. Several studies have found that in this mixed economy, the private sector is economically more efficient than the state-owned sector. In this paper, we investigate whether private firms are also more carbon efficient than state-owned firms. Using a macroeconomic panel data model with provincial data from 1992 to 2010, we confirm that private firms emit less carbon dioxide than state-owned firms. Our results imply that future reforms, such as ongoing privatization, introduced to increase the economic efficiency of state-owned companies will also mitigate emissions growth. The policy lesson, not only for China but for developing countries maintaining a large state-owned sector, is that economic efficiency and energy efficiency are conjoined mutual benefits.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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Lending for Growth? A Granger Causality Analysis of China's Finance-Growth Nexus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Empirical Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0377-7332 .- 1435-8921. ; 51:3, s. 897-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China’s banking sector is dominated by four distinct organizational forms: policy banks (PBs), state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs), joint stock commercial banks (JSCBs), and rural credit cooperatives (RCCs). Economic analyses have especially focused on the development of bank efficiency and profitability over time. The equally important question, which of China’s banking institutions promote economic growth, has not been explored using macroeconomic data. Our study uses a novel data set covering the period 1997 to 2008 and employ Granger causality tests to estimate the finance-growth nexus of each of these bank types. Our results show that SOCBs and RCCs do not Granger-cause GDP growth and that SOCBs even have a negative effect on manufacturing growth. By contrast, PBs and JSCBs promote economic growth.
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| 4. |
- Burt, Ronald S., et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation Beyond the Network
- 2022
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Ingår i: Organization Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 1047-7039 .- 1526-5455. ; 33:2, s. 495-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known in economics, law, and sociology that reputation costs in a closed network give insiders a feeling of being protected from bad behavior in their relations with one another. A person accustomed to doing business within a closed network is, therefore, likely to feel at unusual risk when asked to cooperate beyond the network because of absent reputation-cost security. It follows that business leaders in more closed networks should be less likely to cooperate beyond their network (Hypothesis 1). Success reinforces the status quo. Business leaders successful with a closed network associate their success with the safety of their network, so they should be even less likely to cooperate with a stranger (Hypothesis 2). We combine network data from a heterogeneous area probability survey of Chinese CEOs with a behavioral measure of cooperation to show strong empirical support for the two hypotheses. CEOs in more closed networks are less likely to cooperate beyond their network, especially those running successful businesses: successful CEOs in closed networks are particularly likely to defect against people beyond their network. The work contributes to a growing literature linking network structure with behavior: here, the closure that facilitates trust and cooperation within a network simultaneously erodes the probability of cooperation beyond the network, thereby reinforcing a social boundary around the network. Taking our results as a baseline, we close sketching new research on personality, homophily, network dynamics, and variation in themeaning of "beyond the network."
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| 5. |
- Burt, Ronald S., et al.
(författare)
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Early Network Events in the Later Success of Chinese Entrepreneurs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Management and Organization Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1740-8776 .- 1740-8784. ; 13:3, s. 497-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We trace the social networks around Chinese entrepreneurs back to their firm's founding to learn about the role early events play in the later success of a business. We use name generator questions paired with career history questions to identify ‘event contacts’ missed by the usual focus on current business. We draw four conclusions from interviews with a large, stratified random sample of entrepreneurs: (1) Relations with event contacts stand out for guanxi qualities of high trust relatively independent of the surrounding network structure, and are critical to distinguishing more successful entrepreneurs from the less successful. (2) The substance of a significant event matters less than the fact that the entrepreneur deems it significant. (3) When family is turned to for support it is most likely at founding, but family is not the usual source of support at founding. Rather, entrepreneurs turn to people they have known for many years, typically people beyond the entrepreneur's family. (4) The transition from founding to first significant event stands out as distinctly consequential for later success. Entrepreneurs who turn for help on their first significant event to a person separate from, but especially close to, the founding contact are more successful in their business development. That early move is not visible in the later network around the entrepreneur.
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| 6. |
- Burt, Ronald S., et al.
(författare)
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More or less guanxi : Trust is 60% network context, 10% individual difference
- 2018
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Ingår i: Social Networks. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-8733. ; 54, s. 12-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strong ties known in China as guanxi can be distinguished by a high level of trust relatively independent of the surrounding social structure. Using network data from a stratified probability sample of 700 entrepreneurs citing 4664 contacts, we study guanxi relative to other relations to learn how much individual differences such as well-being, business differences, political participation and demographic factors matter for the guanxi distinction. Two findings stand out: First, the connection between trust and social network is robust to most differences between individuals, especially business and political differences. Trust variance is 60% network context, and 10% individual differences. Trust increases within a relationship as network closure increases around the relationship, but some relationships mature into guanxi ties within which trust is high and relatively independent of the surrounding social structure. Second, when individual differences matter, they concern social isolation. Guanxi ties are more distinct in the networks around entrepreneurs with small, marginal families, and around those with small, closed networks. Both categories of entrepreneurs are likely to experience difficulties with respect to resource access and doing business with people beyond their network, which may explain why longstanding guanxi ties linked to important events are particularly distinct for these entrepreneurs.
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| 7. |
- Burt, Ronald S., et al.
(författare)
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Political connection and disconnection : Still a success factor for Chinese Entrepreneurs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1042-2587 .- 1540-6520. ; 44:6, s. 1199-1228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political connection in China is often tested for correlation with business success and government support under a suspicion that connected entrepreneurs enjoy special favors and protection. Research evidence is mixed. In revisiting the debate on political capital in China, we apply a socially embedded perspective on political connection. To this end we introduce two methodological innovations: (a) We develop a broader measure of political connectedness that covers the continuum from political connection to disconnection. (b) We integrate data on political connection with social network data. Specifically, we explore how the social structure around the individual entrepreneur affects performance above and beyond the often tested association between political ties and performance. We draw two conclusions: (1) The success association with political connection is discontinuous. Advantage is less for entrepreneurs weakly connected politically, but significant additional disadvantage arises for the politically disconnected. (2) The additional is that entrepreneurs disconnected from government show no benefit from having an advantaged business network. The politically connected with an advantaged business network show more prosperous business, higher returns on assets, and more likely survival over time. The politically disconnected show none of these benefits. We caution the entrepreneur who plans to ignore the government.
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| 8. |
- Burzynska, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
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Interbank Relations, Environmental Uncertainty, and Corporate Credit Access in China
- 2020
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Ingår i: Management and Organization Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1740-8776 .- 1740-8784. ; 16:3, s. 595-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesize that informal bank networks influence corporate credit access in China. Our sample comprises a panel of 515 corporations listed on China's stock exchanges with a total of 1,052 firm-year observations, holding a total of 7,009 major bank loans from 183 distinct banks between 2007 and 2012. Results support the hypothesis that closure in bank networks facilitates credit access. We further show that the positive closure-performance association offers fewer advantages if financial markets and the legal infrastructure are relatively well developed. Our findings contribute to an emergent literature examining how informal networks can productively substitute weak formal institutions, and how the interplay between informal networks and network embeddedness shapes individual and corporate strategies.
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| 9. |
- DellaPosta, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Endogenous Dynamics of Institutional Change
- 2017
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Ingår i: Rationality and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7358 .- 1043-4631. ; 29:1, s. 5-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A parsimonious set of mechanisms explains how and under which conditions behavioral deviations build into cascades that reshape institutional frameworks from the bottom up, even if institutional innovations initially conflict with the legally codified rules of the game. Specifically, we argue that this type of endogenous institutional change emerges from an interplay between three factors: the utility gain agents associate with decoupling from institutional equilibria, positive externalities derived from similar decoupling among one’s neighbors, and accommodation by state actors. Where endogenous institutional change driven by societal action is sufficiently robust, it can induce political actors to accommodate and eventually to legitimize institutional innovations from below. We provide empirical illustrations of our theory in two disparate institutional contexts—the rise of private manufacturing in the Yangzi delta region of China since 1978, focusing on two municipalities in that region, and the diffusion of gay bars in San Francisco in the 1960s and 1970s. We validate our theory with an agent-based simulation.
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| 10. |
- Holm, Håkan J., et al.
(författare)
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Strategic Decisions : Behavioral Differences Between CEOs and Others
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Differences in strategic decision making between CEOs and other people are interesting since CEOs make important economic decisions and impact values and norms in society. Our study combines a large stratified random sample of 199 CEOs of medium-size firms with a carefully selected control group of 200 comparable people. All subjects participated in three different incentivized strategic games — Prisoner’s Dilemma, Chicken, Battle-of-the-Sexes. We report substantial and robust differences in both behavior and beliefs between the CEOs and the control group. The CEOs are closer to the socially optimal strategy profile in all games. Hence, as a group the CEOs out-competes the control-group members and thereby receives higher average earnings, but not by being smarter (in the narrow “rationalistic” sense) or more selfish, but by being more cooperative and less aggressive.
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| 11. |
- Holm, Håkan J., et al.
(författare)
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Strategic decisions : behavioral differences between CEOs and others
- 2020
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Ingår i: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 23:1, s. 154-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study whether CEOs of private firms differ from other people with regard to their strategic decisions and beliefs about others’ strategy choices. Such differences are interesting since CEOs make decisions that are economically more relevant, because they affect not only their own utility or the well-being of household members, but the utility of many stakeholders inside and outside of the organization. They also play a central role in shaping values and norms in society. We expect differences between both groups, because CEOs are more experienced with strategic decision making than comparable people in other professional roles. Yet, due to the difficulties in recruiting this high-profile group for academic research, few studies have explored how CEOs make incentivized decisions in strategic games under strict controls and how their choices in such games differ from those made by others. Our study combines a stratified random sample of 200 CEOs of medium-sized firms with a carefully selected control group of 200 comparable people. All subjects participated in three incentivized games—Prisoner’s Dilemma, Chicken, Battle-of-the-Sexes. Beliefs were elicited for each game. We report substantial and robust differences in both behavior and beliefs between the CEOs and the control group. The most striking results are that CEOs do not best respond to beliefs; they cooperate more, play less hawkish and thereby earn much more than the control group.
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| 12. |
- Holm, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurs Under Uncertainty: An Economic Experiment in China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Management Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 59:7, s. 1671-1687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports findings from the first large-scale experiment investigating whether entrepreneurs differ 1 from other people in their willingness to expose themselves to various forms of uncertainty. A stratified random sample of 700 chief executive officers from the Yangzi delta region in China is compared to 200 control group members. Our findings suggest that in economic decisions, entrepreneurs are more willing to accept strategic uncertainty related to multilateral competition and trust. However, entrepreneurs do not differ from ordinary people when it comes to nonstrategic forms of uncertainty, such as risk and ambiguity.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hu, Yifan, et al.
(författare)
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Political economy of labor retrenchment: Evidence based on China's state-owned enterprises
- 2006
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Ingår i: China Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X. ; 17:3, s. 281-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the determinants behind the restructuring of China's SOEs in the late 1990s. We have reached two major findings. First, we find that the degree of labor retrenchment is negatively related to enterprise performance, suggesting that poor performance is a major force driving labor restructuring. Second, we offer evidence that decisions on labor retrenchment in traditional SOEs are related to the local government's fiscal position and to local reemployment conditions for laid-off workers. In contrast, labor decisions in corporatized SOEs are not related to these two variables. Our results suggest that corporatized SOEs with partial private ownership may enjoy higher autonomy in labor decisions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Nee, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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A Theory of Innovation: Market Transition, Property Rights, and Innovative Activity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. - 0932-4569. ; 166:3, s. 397-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to specify a theory to explain why transitions to a market economy cause a shift to a higher level of innovation. Marketization increases the power of economic actors relative to political actors, increases inter-firm competition, creates new opportunities for entrepreneurship, and subsequently motivates innovative activity. For our empirical application, we focus on China's transition economy, which offers a broad range of institutional environments to examine the relation between market transition and increasing innovative activity by entrepreneurs and firms. (JEL: O 31, P 31, P 3)
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| 17. |
- Nee, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Bureaucracy and Finance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Kyklos. - 0023-5962. ; 62:2, s. 293-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nee, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Institutions from Networks
- 2015
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Ingår i: Re-Imagining Economic Sociology. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198749769 - 9780191814051
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic institutions enabling trust and cooperation rest on multiplex networks and norms of reciprocity. A key feature of economic institutions is that they facilitate commercial transactions by reducing uncertainty and risk in markets. When trust and trustworthiness stem from confidence in community sanctions of norms, principal and agent relations are enforceable without resorting to legal rules and litigation. This chapter examines industrial clusters, a key economic institution enabling emergence of private manufacturing firms in China. In industrial clusters, manufacturing firms economize on transportation costs, and benefit from a large pool of specialized human capital and informational spillovers. Comprising a core group of small and medium sized manufacturers linked to niche suppliers and distributors, a cluster location sustains dense multiplex networks that enable community sanctions. This enables collective action in solving problems of competitiveness and flexible adaption to changing market conditions.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Nee, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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On Politicized Capitalism
- 2007
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Ingår i: On Capitalism. ; , s. 93-127
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Nee, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Sociology and the New Institutionalism
- 2015. - 2
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. - 9780080970875 ; , s. 979-983
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In sociology, new institutionalists led the revival in interest in institutions in organizational theory and economic sociology by shifting the focus of causal reasoning from agent-centric studies of economic and organizational actors to the relationship connecting the firm with its institutional environment. We suggest a multilevel causal model incorporating the connection between the subinstitutional domain of social action and concrete social relationships, and the meso- and macroinstitutional environment of customs, conventions, law, organizations, ideology, and the state as the key elements explaining the rise and demise of institutions. In this model, norms bridge the microworld of individual actors and social groups, and the broader institutional environment.
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| 27. |
- Opper, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Are entrepreneurial cultures stable over time? Historical evidence from China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Asia Pacific Journal of Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0217-4561 .- 1572-9958. ; 36:4, s. 1165-1192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are entrepreneurial cultures stable over time? In this paper, we use historicalmeasures of the outgrowth of entrepreneurial culture in China and test whether these correlate with entrepreneurial activities today. We employ provincial panel data from China documenting the regional distribution of entrepreneurial activities during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) and private firm activities in post-reform China (1992–2012). Our study finds a significant association between the regional distribution of historical and current measures of entrepreneurship, supporting (1) the long-term stability of underlying regional cultural differences; and (2) the adaptability of entrepreneurial activities to changing institutional arrangements and relative payoff structures. These results are robust to numerous alternative explanations, including geography, agglomeration advantages, education, and technology.Our findings suggest that government efforts to encourage new business ventures—if they are to have more than short-term effects—will need to take into account local cultural norms.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Opper, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Homophily in the Career mobility of China's Political Elite
- 2015
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Ingår i: Social Science Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-089X. ; 54, s. 332-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that leadership promotion in China’s political elite relies on homophily for signals of trustworthiness and future cooperative behavior more than on economic performance. We first point to the limitation of the economic performance argument from within the framework of China’s specific M-form state structure, and then we proffer a sociological explanation for why higher-level elites in China rely on homophilous associations in recruiting middle-level elites to the top positions of state. Using a unique dataset covering China’s provincial leaders from 1979 to 2009, we develop a homophily index focusing on joint origin, joint education and joint work experience. We trace personal similarities in these respects between provincial leaders and members of China’s supreme decision-making body, the Politbureau’s Standing Committee. We then provide robust evidence confirming the persisting impact of homophilous associations on promotion patterns in post-reform China.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Opper, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Network Effects, Cooperation and Entrepreneurial Innovation in China
- 2015
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Ingår i: Asian Business & Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-9328 .- 1472-4782. ; 14:4, s. 283-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid rise of an innovative private manufacturing economy in China challenges standard economic explanations of growth, which typically assume the existence of well-defined formal institutions such as property rights and company laws safeguarding investor and creditor interests. We highlight the social structure of cooperation that enables innovative activity in private manufacturing firms when formal property rights protection remains weak. We show how network effects linked to inter-firm cooperation in industrial clusters allowed private entrepreneurs to quickly develop reliable business norms to reduce the inherent risk of malfeasance and contract breach in formal and informal collaborative efforts. Survey data from a sample of 700 manufacturing firms located in China’s Yangzi Delta region confirms that both formal and informal types of inter-firm collaboration are effective, though in different areas of innovative activity.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Opper, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Privatization
- 2007
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Ingår i: Encyclopeida of Law and Society.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Opper, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Aversion and Guanxi Activities : A Behavioral Analysis of CEOs in China
- 2017
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Journal. - : Academy of Management. - 0001-4273 .- 1948-0989. ; 60:4, s. 1504-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In China, the strategic use of personal relationships is pervasive in transactions with government authorities as well as in inter-firm relations. Explanations as to when and why firms rely on guanxi emphasize a close link between organizational resources, environment and corporate strategic choices. Our study shifts attention to the importance of CEO preferences, specifically risk aversion, and suggests an investment theory of strategic reliance on personal relations to achieve organizational goals. To explore the association between CEO risk aversion and reliance on guanxi activities, we combine incentivized behavioral tasks using multiple price list formats for risk elicitation with a manager and firm survey. Our analysis focuses on 345 randomly sampled CEOs of private manufacturing companies in the Yangzi delta region in China. The results confirm the importance of risk preferences in explaining strategic choices and performance effects: there is a negative association between risk aversion and reliance on guanxi activities, although company age and market orientation moderate the behavioral effect of risk preferences. But when risk-averse CEOs utilize guanxi, they tend to be more successful, as measured by the firm’s financial performance. More generally, our results underscore the importance of personal preferences as determinants of corporate strategy and performance.
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| 40. |
- Opper, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Sales Maximization or Profit Maximization? How State Shareholders Discipline their CEOs in China*
- 2012
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Ingår i: Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies. - : Wiley. - 2041-9945. ; 41:3, s. 347-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the determinants of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) turnover in Chinese state-owned firms. Based on a sample of 1 555 turnover cases among listed firms in China during the period 19992003, we obtain three main results. First, CEO turnover is negatively related to the sales performance but not the profitability of the core business. Second, the negative relationship between CEO turnover and sales is stronger for firms with excessive employment and higher organizational slack. Third, there is a significant post-turnover increase in sales but a decline in profitability of the core business. Overall, our evidence suggests that state shareholders put a greater emphasis on sales generation than on profitability when they monitor their CEOs.
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| 41. |
- Opper, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Social Exchange and Generalized Trust in China
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines how social relations and norms contribute to the emergence of generalized trust in economic action. Our core proposition is that the more positive the local social exchange relationship, the greater an actor’s propensity to place trust in strangers. Our research design integrates behavioral measures elicited by incentivized experimental trust games with survey data using a random sample of 540 founding CEOs of manufacturing firms in the Yangzi delta region of China. Our analysis shows that characteristics of repeated social exchange—depth, prosociality and control—are positively associated with an economic actor’s proclivity for generalized trust. Founder CEOs with deeper and more valued exchange relations are more likely to trust strangers. Likewise, we find robust evidence of a positive association between beliefs in the effectiveness of community social control and trust in strangers.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Victor, Nee, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing Market Transition Theory to the Firm
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work and Organizations in China after Thirty Years of trasition. - 0277-2833. ; 19, s. 3-34
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Victor, Nee, et al.
(författare)
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Learning to Trust: From Relational Exchange to Generalized Trust in China
- 2018
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Ingår i: Organization Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 1047-7039 .- 1526-5455. ; 29:5, s. 969-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Where does generalized trust—that is, the inclination to place trust in strangers—come from? Our claim is that in economic action, sources of generalized trust may not differ much from the sources of personalized trust. Contrary to a common assumption of a sharp distinction between personalized and generalized trust, we assert a likely spillover effect from relational exchange to a person’s expectations in interacting with an anonymous other. Our research integrates behavioral measures elicited by a novel incentivized trust game with survey data using a random sample of 540 entrepreneurs of private industrial firms in the Yangzi delta region of China. We show that entrepreneurs with more experience in relational exchange display greater trust in strangers. Likewise, we find robust evidence of a positive association between beliefs in the effectiveness of community business norms and generalized trust.
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| 50. |
- Westerlund, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Why is Chinese Regional Output Diverging?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Asian Economics. - 1049-0078. ; 21:4, s. 333-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent paper Pedroni and Yao (2006) present strong evidence suggesting that Chinese provincial per-capita output is diverging, a result that goes against the Chinese government’s goal of a balanced wealth-creation across provinces. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the reasoning behind this finding. Our main result is that the divergence does exist, even when new data and more advanced methods of analysis are used. We also find that it has both an idiosyncratic and a common component. Hence, the increased per-capita output inequalities observed at the provincial level is due to both province-specific disparities and to disparities between groups of provinces.
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