| 1. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Urban commoning practices in the repair movement: Frontstaging the backstage
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 52:6, s. 1150-1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen-led repair initiatives that collectively create urban commons, questioning the configuration of production, consumption, and discarding within neoliberal capitalism, have emerged in recent years. This paper builds on recent discussions of the openness of the commons by examining the role of repair in commoning. It is informed by the case of the Bike Kitchen in Göteborg, using in-depth interviews as well as ethnographic and visual observations to support the analysis. Through repair practices, commoning communities can reinvent, appropriate, and create urban commons by transforming private resources – bicycles – creating common, liminal, and porous spaces between state and market. This openness of the commons allows commoners to shift roles unproblematically, alternating between the commons, state, and market. We argue that commoners’ fluid identities become the vehicle by which urban commoning practices expands beyond the commons space. This fluidity and openness also fuels the broad recruitment of participants driven by diverse and entangled rationales. Beyond the porosity of spatial arrangements, we illustrate how the dramaturgic representation of space, through simultaneous frontstaging and backstaging practices, also prevents its enclosure and allows the creation of openings through which urban commoning practices are accessed by newcomers. Finally, we call into question strict definitions of ‘commoner’ and the commoning/repair movement as limited to those who are politically engaged in opposing the enclosure of the commons. Rather, commoners become political through action, so intentionality is less relevant to prompting social change than is suggested in the literature.
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| 2. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration between design and waste management: Can it help close the material loop?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Resources Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 72, s. 108-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to explore the current relationship between industrial design and waste management (WM), a semi-structured interview study was carried out with 25 professionals from WM and designers that have worked with waste. The main aim was to learn about the collaborative work between these two areas and to investigate whether collaboration could help to incorporate material resources into production. The study reveals that designers and WM professionals regard the relation between disciplines in different ways, being more or less centered in their own disciplines. The designers interviewed, however tend to have a wider impression of this relation. This, together with the lack of understanding of the other's role and a fundamental scale difference when dealing with material flows were identified as the main barriers to better and more frequent collaboration. Even though some examples of collaborative work were found, they were not significant enough to have any noticeable effect on the WM system. In order to facilitate future collaboration, the contribution of the presented work is to identify areas for collaboration and suggest initial solutions for overcoming the barriers encountered to help to close the material loop
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Sorting waste in apartment buildings: facts and possibilities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ERSCP-EMSU 2013 conference, 16th Conference of the European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) & 7th Conference of the Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU), 4 – 7 June 2013, Istanbul, Turkey..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste handling is a major challenge in today’s society. The amount of waste is increasing despite numerous, waste-system related improvements. In other domains of interest for sustainable development, researchers have recently started to investigate the user’s role instead of keeping a systems perspective that excludes the human factors. To investigate the use of existing waste-sorting infrastructure available at apartment buildings, this paper reports on a case study carried out in two buildings in Gothenburg/Sweden. Results from the study reveal mismatches between user needs and what the system offers. The aim was to identify a strategy that housing companies could take to allow for more effective sorting of household waste in rental housing areas, with special focus on the biodegradable fraction. The resulting strategy consists of practical solutions that can be implemented by housing companies with similar conditions.
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| 5. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Turning waste into resources: Rethinking the way we discard things
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Waste is one of the biggest challenges faced by our society. If not handled correctly, waste pollutes our natural environment with devastating results. However, it seems almost unavoidable that our society generates waste. Cyclical material use models have been proposed as a more sustainable alternative to our linear take-make-waste production culture. The aim of this licentiate thesis has been to investigate how to recover the material resources that today cannot go back into production, helping to redefine waste as a resource. In order to do that this work first defines a framework to address material flow through society followed by a general background on waste and waste management. The main body of the licentiate describes three studies performed by the author in order explore the topic addressed. The studies investigated (A) how design and waste management collaborate, (B) how to facilitate designing with difficult waste and (C) how the waste system interface can be designed to facilitate resource recovery. Studies A, B and C are described in the central chapters of this work, with more information provided through the annexed Articles. All three studies relied on the tacit knowledge of different relevant stakeholders in order to gain knowledge about the problem addressed. Studies B and C were carried out in collaboration with different actors, meaning that the knowledge gained in these studies have been generated collectively. The work concludes two relevant gaps to address in order to improve resource recovery: (1) the connection between waste management and production systems and (2) the connection between the users and the waste system. The first gap was addressed partially in Study B, where the possibilities of designing with difficult waste were explored. The main barrier to design with waste was found to be the lack of reliable material knowledge. It was also made clear that designing with waste is a palliative solution. Difficult materials reaching the waste system should be avoided to the highest possible extent. In the case of pre-consumer waste this could be achieved by broader adaptation of industrial symbiosis and stricter production regulations. For post-consumer waste , difficult waste should be avoided by significantly improving waste sorting and collection systems. Sorting and collection systems were addressed in Study C, which mainly investigated the relation between the users and the waste management system. Study C found that solutions that are in line with users' relations towards discarded materials are more easily adopted by the users, while solutions that generate value for the users could be a way to significantly improve user engagement. Biodegradable waste is currently insufficiently recovered, constituting a large portion of the discards that are landfilled or incinerated. Possibilities of recovering bio-waste shall be explored with future work.
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| 6. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Waste as a starting point – how to educate design students to become active agents in closing material loops
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, 4 & 5 September 2014, University Of Twente, The Netherlands.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Waste to Design project gives students a framework to do their thesis on trying to use industrial waste for new production. The first year of the project saw four theses, shedding light on the design process required for this type of work. The most common difficulties observed were uncertainties about material properties, production possibilities and regulations. This made students strive to connect and collaborate with people from other backgrounds, suggesting that improving cross-disciplinary collaboration skills in design education would facilitate this type of work.
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| 7. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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From Industrial Waste to Product Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: DesignEd Asia conference proceedings, "Incorporating Disciplinary Dynamics Into Design Education". - 9789881672124 ; , s. 65-77
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To use waste as a starting point for new product developmentwould be a sustainable use of material resources that alleviates waste handling loads. So far, products that use waste as a starting point have not been able to significantly affect waste trends. This shows a need for methods that facilitate using waste materials for product development. With this in mind, the project “From Industrial Waste to Product Design” was initiated.Industrial design engineering students are encouraged to do their master theses on exploring product development with currently unused waste. This article suggests a methodology to help designers achieve this. Two approaches were undertaken: a product study to review the state of the art in designing with waste; and an analysis of traditional design processes. In the end, an expanded design process was proposed, since a description of a systematic process for this issue was lacking among researchers or practitioners.
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| 8. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Waste sorting in apartments: integrating the perspective of the user
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 106, s. 669-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to increase resource recovery from solid waste, better sorting of household waste is needed. This article reports on a case study about waste sorting infrastructure performance carried out in two buildings in Gothenburg, Sweden. Results from the study reveal mismatches between users' needs and what the system offers, affecting the sorting rates and quality of the sorted material. Frequent sorting errors were observed from the tenants in these apartment buildings, where more than 70% of the discards that go in the mixed waste could be sorted out into other available fractions, with biodegradable waste being the most neglected. Hazardous waste was often discarded wrongly and recurrent errors were observed in the containers available for sorting different packaging material. Given the performance observed, initial suggestions are made for housing companies to rethink the sorting system they offer to their tenants (i.e. accessible space for electronic waste, more space for biodegradable waste, possibility of sorting textiles, etc.). Most importantly this paper makes the case that housing companies have the opportunity to provide sorting infrastructure that is designed for the user, rather than just fitted to the waste management system.
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| 9. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Take Waste and Make: Guidelines for workshops to find new applications for industrial waste material.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the IASDR Conference 2013, Consilience and Innovation in Design, 24-30 August 2013, Tokyo..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To find new applications for industrial waste material is environmentally and economically desirable. However, generating such ideas is done under conditions that are normally unusual for product developers: It has a specific input, but a very large solution space. This study explores the workshop format as such and more specifically effective set-ups for workshops aiming at finding new applications for waste material. To explore this, four different workshops were carried out. Given its possibilities to incorporate different expertise, ideas from various fields could be generated, increasing the chance of finding a suitable application area. The participants’ task was to generate new ideas for a re-use of discarded PVC cable sleeving. The workshop format made it possible to evaluate variations in the preconditions. In addition to direct observations in the course of the workshops, outputs from the workshops were analyzed and compared to their preconditions. The workshops resulted in ideas from a broad spectrum of areas, providing a good basis for future product development. It was found that the choice of participants and stimuli were essential for the workshops. This article elaborates upon the connections between the workshop’s set-up and the obtained results.
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| 10. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Repair Movements’ Commoning Practices. The Case of the Bike-Kitchen in Sweden.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Opening the Bin – Helsingborg, Sweden, April 27 – 29, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In response to the current consume-and-discard society, the last years have seen a rapid proliferation of collective mobilizations around repair and maintenance, aimed at challenging the patterns of production and consumption within neoliberal capitalism. This paper contributes to current efforts to expand environmental movement and organization studies theories with the urban commons literature to explore the role of maintenance, repair and care in ‘commoning’- or in other words creating urban commons. The paper is informed by the case of the Bike-Kitchen in Gothenburg, a bicycle repair workshop where abandoned bikes are recovered and given to members who are taught to repair them. In-depth interviews, ethnographical and visual observations support the analysis. In the paper we show how through their repairing practices, these movements develop the ability to reinvent, appropriate, and provide urban commons by transforming private assets –the bikes- and space, on their own terms, as an alternative to market and State. As it has also been observed in life-style movements, our analysis also notes how the openness of the commons movement, fuels a broad recruitment of participants driven by diverse rationales and motivations. The paper shows the ability of commoners to imagine and create the value-to-be and the affordances in these assets; as well as to develop the knowledge, competences and practices needed to recover and repair the bikes and create new urban commons. It also shows how these movements, without overtly expressing a conscious political action, challenge dominant institutions such as private ownership and recall alternative imaginaries through ideas of environmental stewardship, and duties of care.
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