| 1. |
- Edvardsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Gravel Roads and Dust Suppression
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 10:3, s. 439-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review paper deals with the field of dust generation on gravel roads, dust suppressant performance and evaluation techniques. By applying the proper dust suppressant, matching the gravel road condition specific to the site, dust emission can be reduced, thereby providing a healthier ambient air environment, increasing road safety and ride comfort while reducing the need and cost of vehicle repair, road maintenance activities, and aggregate replacement. By applying the proper application rate of the dust suppressant, the cost of annual dust control as well as the environmental impact can be significantly reduced. Suitable measuring techniques for evaluating dust suppressant efficiency will facilitate the choice of the most appropriate dust suppressant and its optimal application rate.
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| 2. |
- Edvardsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of dust emission on gravel roads : Development of a mobile methodology and examination of horizontal diffusion
- 2009
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 43:4, s. 889-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic-generated fugitive dust on gravel roads impairs visibility and deposits on the adjacent environment. Particulate matter smaller than 10 mu m in diameter (PM10) is also associated with human health problems. Dust emission strength depends on the composition of granular material, road moisture, relative humidity, local Climate (precipitation, wind velocity, etc.), and vehicle characteristics. The objectives of this study Were to develop a reliable and rapid mobile methodology to measure dust concentrations on gravel roads, evaluate the precision and repeatability of the methodology and correspondence with the currently used Visual assessment technique. Downwind horizontal diffusion was studied to evaluate the risk of exceeding the maximum allowed particulate matter concentration in ambient air near gravel roads according to European Council Directive [European Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. Official Journal of the European Communities. L163/41.]. A TSI DustTrak Aerosol Monitor was mounted on an estate car travelling along test sections treated with various dust suppressants. Measured PM10 concentrations were compared to Visual assessments performed at the same time. Airborne particles were collected in filters Mounted behind the vehicle to compare the whole dust fraction with the PM10 concentration. For measuring the horizontal diffusion, DustTraks were placed at Various distances downwind of a dusty road section. The mobile methodology was vehicle and speed dependent but not driver dependent with pre-specified driving behaviours. A high linear correlation between PM10 of different vehicles makes relative measurements of dust concentrations possible. The methodology gives continuous data series, mobility, and easy handling and provides fast, reliable and inexpensive measurements for estimating road conditions to make road maintenance more efficient. Good correlations between measured PM10-values, visually assessed dust generation and dust collected in filters were obtained. PM10 seems to be correlated to the whole dust fraction that impairs visibility on gravel roads. A decay in PM10 concentration as a function of distance from the road was observed. Measured particles principally did not travel further than 45 m from the road. The risk of exceeding the PM10 concentration stated in the EC-directive seems small.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alexanderson, Karin, 1952-
(författare)
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Vilja, kunna, förstå : om implementering av systematisk dokumentation för verksamhetsutveckling i socialtjänsten
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse conditions that either promote or hamper the implementation of methods for systematic documentation, follow-up and evaluation in social-work services with individuals and families. The theoretical framework consists of organization theories. Human Service Organizations (HSO) theory is complemented with concepts from the new institutionalism, domain theory, implementation theory, and theory about interventions.A concrete case, a project has been studied. The purpose of project was to implement methods for systematic documentation in public social services. With the notation “integrated” is meant that the methods should be built in and adjusted to the social-work practice. The methods were ASI (Addiction Severity Index) and IUS (a locally based model for integrated evaluation by inspiration from Göran Sandell).Data has been captured in a pretest/ posttest design (Marlow 2000). This means that “state of things” has been described before the intervention and after. The methods used were surveys and interviews (individual and group). The process has been documented through research notes proceeding records, protocols and some diaries written by social workers. Four municipalities from the middle of Sweden took part with five working groups. Two groups contained social workers acting with children and families and three groups were working with drug abusers. The population consisted of the social workers, the managers responsible for the individual and family entities, the politicians and the clients who were affected during the time of the project.The implementation of ASI and IUS has not occurred in the extent that was stated in the intervention theory. This means that ASI and IUS were not used in all new cases that occurred during the time of the project. The interviews supposed to be done in the beginning of the clients contact with the agency tended to be done more often than the follow-up interviews. After the project ended, three of five working groups decided to continue to use ASI (one group) and IUS (two groups). The overall impression is that the respondents comprehend, they have the willingness but they do not have the capability of using ASI and IUS. The organization does not seem to have the capacity of imposing requirements and giving resources. The outcomes do not seem to be the most important issue for the social services. These conditions are discussed in the study by means of the theoretical concepts. In the end, there is an effort to adjust the implementation theory to human service organizations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berg, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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“Good job!” : Therapists' encouragement, affirmation, and personal address in internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with depression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-delivered interventions are generally effective for psychological problems. While the presence of a clinician guiding the client via text messages typically leads to better outcomes, the characteristics of what constitutes high-quality communication are less well investigated. This study aimed to identify how an internet therapist most effectively communicates with clients in internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT). Using data from a treatment study of depressed adolescents with a focus on participants who had a positive outcome, messages from therapists were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study focused on the therapist's 1) encouragement and 2) affirmation, and how the therapists used 3) personal address. The analysis resulted in a total of twelve themes (Persistence Wins, You Are a Superhero, You Make Your Luck, You Understand, Hard Times, You Are Like Others, My View on the Matter, Time for a Change, Welcome In, Let Me Help You, You Affect Me, and I Am Human). Overall, the themes form patterns where treatment is described as hard work that requires a motivated client who is encouraged by the therapist. The findings are discussed based on the cognitive behavioral theoretical foundation of the treatment, prior research on therapist behaviors, and the fact that the treatment is provided over the internet.
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| 7. |
- Bjelke, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Using the internet as a source of information during pregnancy : a descriptive cross-sectional study in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 40, s. 187-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThe Internet plays a major role for pregnant women in seeking knowledge and for getting in touch with like-minded women. The information is available at all hours and can be accessed anywhere. The information provides the women with a sense of control and confidence but the large amount of information available can also be overwhelming. The aim of this study was to identify how women use the Internet as a source of information during their pregnancy and how it affects them.Design and settingA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted.Data were collected through a questionnaire at antenatal clinics in the southern Sweden. The data were analyzed descriptivelyParticipantsA total of 193 Swedish women, pregnant at least 34 weeks, participated in the study. The response rate was 94%.FindingsAlmost all (95%) of the women in the study used the Internet as a source of information. The main reason was to find information and read about people in the same situation. Reading pregnancy-related information on the Internet was seen as positive. However, a majority of the woman experienced feelings of worry due to something they read online. These feelings were most commonly coped with by talking to a partner, relatives, and friends or by asking the midwife at their next appointment. Eleven per cent of the women contacted the general healthcare services because of their feelings of worry.ConclusionAlmost all women in this study searched the Internet to find pregnancy-related information, despite being satisfied with the information they received from the ANC. Using the Internet was seen as complementary to the information from professionals. It also caused feelings of worry, which could lead to the woman contacting healthcare services for support. ANC could help to reduce these feelings for some women by informing about the advantages and disadvantages with online information and recommending suitable web pages.
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| 8. |
- Bjursell, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Acutely reduced locomotor activity is a major contributor to Western diet-induced obesity in mice
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 294:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of a high-fat Western diet (WD) on intake, storage, expenditure, and fecal loss of energy as well as effects on locomotor activity and thermogenesis. WD for only 24 h resulted in a marked physiological shift in energy homeostasis, including increased body weight gain, body fat, and energy expenditure (EE) but an acutely lowered locomotor activity. The acute reduction in locomotor activity was observed after only 3–5 h on WD. The energy intake and energy absorption were increased during the first 24 h, lower after 72 h, and normalized between 7 and 14 days on WD compared with mice given chow diet. Core body temperature and EE was increased between 48 and 72 h but normalized after 21 days on WD. These changes paralleled plasma T3 levels and uncoupling protein-1 expression in brown adipose tissue. After 21 days of WD, energy intake and absorption, EE, and body temperature were normalized. In contrast, the locomotor activity was reduced and body weight gain was increased over the entire 21-day study period on WD. Calculations based on the correlation between locomotor activity and EE in 2-h intervals at days 21–23 indicated that a large portion of the higher body weight gain in the WD group could be attributed to the reduced locomotor activity. In summary, an acute and persisting decrease in locomotor activity is most important for the effect of WD on body weight gain and obesity in mice.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bjursell, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Opposing effects of adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 on energy metabolism
- 2007
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Ingår i: DIABETES. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 56:3, s. 583-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and influences the risk for developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin binds to two different seven-transmembrane domain receptors termed AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To study the physiological importance of these receptors, AdipoR1 gene knockout mice (AdipoR1−/−) and AdipoR2 gene knockout mice (AdipoR2−/−) were generated. AdipoR1−/− mice showed increased adiposity associated with decreased glucose tolerance, spontaneous locomotor activity, and energy expenditure. However, AdipoR2−/− mice were lean and resistant to high-fat diet–induced obesity associated with improved glucose tolerance and higher spontaneous locomotor activity and energy expenditure and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are clearly involved in energy metabolism but have opposing effects.
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| 12. |
- Brunnberg, Elinor
(författare)
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Vi bytte våra hörande skolkamrater mot döva! : Förändring av hörselskadade barns identitet och självförtroende vid byte av språklig skolmiljö
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is a comparative study with the aim of finding out whether the identity and self-confidence of hearing-impaired children changes when they attend schools with a different language base. The focus of the study was the interaction of hearing-impaired children with other children of the same age. The number of hearing-impaired children in this study was 29. The children were aged between 7 and 14 when the study began. In autumn 1994 special classes for hearing-impaired children in Örebro moved from a mainstream school to a special school for Deaf children. In the classroom, the hearing- impaired children in both the mainstream and the special schools were educated in spoken Swedish with signs as support. However, the dominant language outside the classroom changed from spoken Swedish to Swedish sign language. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with the hearing-impaired children in 1994, before the move, and in 1996, after the move. At the same time the children's self-confidence was examined. In both the mainstream and the special school the children's play in the playground was video recorded. This study shows that several of the hearing-impaired children were socially isolated. Some even felt little solidarity with their classmates and were solitary. Most of the children were longing to meet more children in their spare time. The playground seemed to be the social arena where children with impaired hearing mainly met other children. The hearing-impaired children as a group were socially excluded and marginalized in the mainstream school. Most of the hearing-impaired children did not describe the same feeling of being outsiders in the special school as in the mainstream school. Most of the hearing-impaired children's confidence improved after the change of school. However, the hearing-impaired children's social situation was not perfect in the special school either. The playground is a central arena for hearing-impaired children in trying out their identity. In forming their identity children seem to look for other similarities. The hearing-impaired children experienced affiliation, equality and fellowship with other hearing-impaired children. They also expressed the opinion that Deaf children were "almost similar" to hearing-impaired children. The school situation that strengthens the identity of hearing-impaired children seems to be the school where they feel most at home with their schoolmates. That happened in the special school. However, some of the hearing-impaired children with multi-disabilities had difficulties in both the mainstream school and the special school and failed to find a secure identity as a hearing-impaired child. Unless school arrangements address their social needs, hearing-impaired youngsters could experience an identity crisis.
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| 13. |
- Holmberg, Karin S. M., et al.
(författare)
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A two-decade perspective on mothers' experiences and feelings related to breastfeeding initiation in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 5:3, s. 125-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose was to examine mothers' experiences and feelings related to breastfeeding initiation from a two-decade perspective. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted at a maternity ward before and after introduction of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and in a follow-up survey. Women participated in 1992 (n = 83), 1993 (n = 74) and 2011 (n = 94). Results: The duration of time at the first suckling differed; in 2011, the baby sucked 24.4 minutes compared to 12.7 minutes in 1992 (p < .001) and 13.6 minutes in 1993 (p < .001). In 1992, 34.6% of the women reported using supplementary formula compared with 5.9% in 1993 and 9.3% in 2011 (p < .001). The mothers' contacts with the child or the father as well as their moods did not vary during the years. Mothers rated their feelings towards breastfeeding as being lower in 2011 than in 1992 and 1993 (p = .008). In 2011, mothers experienced breastfeeding as being more difficult and reported a higher degree of tension, insecurity and anxiety. Conclusions: Supplementation was given to healthy newborn infants, which does not conform to BFHIs intentions. Routines and support in relation to breastfeeding initiation need to be continuously evaluated in order to strengthen and sustain the BFHI.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Jidesjö, Anders, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Trends and developments in student’s interest in Science and technology: Results from the Relevance of science education second (ROSES) study in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science education in the light of Global Sustainable Development: Trends and Possibilities.. - Aarhus, Denmark. - 9788799592043 ; , s. 148-156
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper report Swedish results from a large-scale research project called “The Relevance of Science Education Second (ROSES)” which builds on a previous study called Relevance of Science education (ROSE). The studies are concerned with student’s interest in and attitudes towards science and technology (S&T) in and outside education from a student’s perspective. ROSES builds on collaboration between researchers in countries all around the world from a notion where education is apprehended as culturally embedded, and countries face different challenges but can also share some common. In this connection, research literature points out the importance of a science literate population together with the need of the recruitment of future expertise as educational goals for S&T. As many students have problems of perceiving the relevance of S&T in school there is an international concern and research interest to investigate trends and developments. In this paper preliminary Swedish results from ROSES are presented concerned with student’s experiences of S&T lessons and what they want to learn about. Data were collected in 2020. The results indicate that there are some changes in motion but at the same time student’s interest for critical content areas seem to be robust. The results are discussed and connected with the development of theoretical perspectives concerned with science identity, modernity and science capital. The reporting is framed in a Nordic perspective.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kullberg, Christian, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Vårdöverenskommelsen : stimulansmedel till bättre vård och behandling av personer med tungt missbruk
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten innehåller en utvärdering av statliga stimulansmedel riktade till kommunerna, med syfte att stödja utvecklingen inom missbruks- och beroendevården. Under åren 2006 och 2007 fördelade länsstyrelserna 340 miljoner kronor till kommunerna med syfte att öka specialisering och integrering, öka tillgängligheten samt stärka arbetet med individuella vårdplaner. Socialstyrelsen har haft i uppdrag att biträda länsstyrelserna med kunskapsstöd, bland annat vad gäller effektiva metoder i missbruks- och beroendevården, samt att nationellt samordna, följa upp och utvärdera satsningen.
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| 19. |
- Lindén, Daniel, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonists on the intracellular turnover and secretion of apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 and ApoB-48.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 277:25, s. 23044-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist WY 14,643 increased the secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, but not that of apoB-48, and decreased triglyceride biosynthesis and secretion from primary rat hepatocytes. These effects resulted in decreased secretion of apoB-100-very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and an increased secretion of apoB-100 on low density lipoproteins/intermediate density lipoproteins. ApoB-48-VLDL was also replaced by more dense particles. The proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin did not influence the recovery of apoB-100 or apoB-48 in primary rat hepatocytes, indicating that co-translational (proteasomal) degradation is of less importance in these cells. Treatment with WY 14,643 made the recovery of apoB-100 sensitive to lactacystin, most likely reflecting the decreased biosynthesis of triglycerides. The PPAR alpha agonist induced a significant increase in the accumulation of pulse-labeled apoB-100 even after a short pulse (2-5 min). There was also an increase in apoB-100 nascent polypeptides, indicating that the co-translational degradation of apoB-100 was inhibited. However, a minor influence on an early posttranslation degradation cannot be excluded. This decreased co-translational degradation of apoB-100 explained the increased secretion of the protein. The levels of apoB-48 remained unchanged during these pulse-chase experiments, and albumin production was not affected, indicating a specific effect of PPAR alpha agonists on the co-translational degradation of apoB-100. These findings explain the difference in the rate of secretion of the two apoB proteins seen after PPAR alpha activation. PPAR alpha agonists increased the expression and biosynthesis of liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP). Increased expression of LFABP by transfection of McA-RH7777 cells increased the secretion of apoB-100, decreased triglyceride biosynthesis and secretion, and increased PPAR alpha mRNA levels. These findings suggest that PPAR alpha and LFABP could interact to amplify the effect of endogenous PPAR alpha agonists on the assembly of VLDL.
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| 20. |
- Marklund, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty Acid Proportions in Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids Are Positively Correlated in Various Swedish Populations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 147:11, s. 2118-2125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fatty acid (FA) proportions in cholesterol esters (CEs) and plasma phospholipids are widely used as dietary biomarkers. Information on how proportions in these fractions correlate could have implications for interpretation and use of FA biomarkers in observational and interventional studies. Objective: We investigated correlations between FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids in free-living individuals and assessed how diet-induced alterations of FA proportions correlate between fractions. Methods: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rs) between FA proportions (percentage of total FAs) in circulating CEs and phospholipids were calculated separately in 8 individual study populations including Swedish females and males (N = 2052; age range: 11-84 y), and pooled by inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. In addition, study populations were stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), and diabetes status, and strata-specific rs were pooled by meta-analysis. In 2 randomized trials (N = 79) in which dietary saturated FAs were isocalorically replaced with unsaturated FAs, treatment-wise calculations of rs were conducted between FA changes in CEs and phospholipids. Results: Overall, FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids correlated well and especially strongly for polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), with pooled rs (95% CIs) ranging from 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) for a-linolenic acid to 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) for eicosapentaenoic acid. Weak correlations (pooled rs <0.4) were observed only for palmitic acid and stearic acid, with pooled rs (95% CIs): 0.29 (0.24, 0.33) and 0.30 (0.25, 0.34), respectively. Overall, correlations were not affected by age, sex, BMI, or diabetes status. Strong correlations (r(s) >= 0.6) between diet-induced FA changes in CEs and phospholipids were observed for most PUFAs. Conclusions: Proportions of most FAs in CEs and phospholipids ranked individuals similarly, suggesting that FA proportions in these fractions can be used interchangeably in populations of diverse age, sex, body composition, and diabetes status. Caution is advised, however, when comparing results from studies assessing palmitic acid or stearic acid in different lipid fractions.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Oscarsson, Karin
(författare)
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Dust suppressants for Nordic gravel roads
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis is part of a Ph.D. project entitled “CDU:T43 Different methods for dust control and evaluating dust control on Nordic gravel roads”. The Ph.D. project is financially supported by the Swedish Road Administration (SRA) through the Centre ofResearch and Education in Operation and Maintenance of the Infrastructure (CDU)within the Swedish Network of Excellence – Road Technology (RT). Much of the research described in this thesis has been carried out in collaboration with SRA Construction and Maintenance, which also contributed financially.One of the most significant problems associated with gravel roads is traffic-generateddust which facilitates the deterioration of the road surface and acts as a major source of particulate matter in the air, thus affecting traffic safety, public economics, and environmental quality.This work describes different programs for evaluating the effectiveness of different dust suppressants and the results obtained from completion of these experiments. Inchapter one, a general introduction into this project and its objective will be offered. The next chapter gives insight into the basic concepts of gravel roads. In the third chapter the existing literature concerning dust control of gravel roads is briefly retold. The fourth chapter gives an account of the research methodology. A field evaluation of different dust suppressants will be described in the fifth chapter. Chapter six describes methods for analysing dust suppressant residual concentration of samples taken from the different test road sections included in the above mentioned field evaluation. The objective is to investigate the longevity of these dust suppressants. Results from the analyses of the horizontal diffusion of gravel road generated dust are presented in chapter eight. The ninth chapter offers a description and evaluation of the objective method used for quantitative dust emission measurements by means of a visual method. In chapter tendust emissions are correlated to other general deformation processes on the gravel road.Chapter eleven defines laboratory trials concerning the leaching of dust suppressants from gravel wearing course material when subjected to water. Concentrations of dust suppressant as well as size distribution of gravel material were factors examined in this context. In chapter twelve, laboratory examinations of the drying rate for different combinations of aggregate gradations and chloride compounds will be presented. The thirteenth chapter gives a description of a developed laboratory equipment for evaluatingdust suppressant effectiveness, while chapter fourteen offers a conclusive summary.
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| 24. |
- Oscarsson, Karin
(författare)
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Evaluation of Dust Suppressants for Gravel Roads: Methods Development and Efficiency Studies
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Application of the proper dust suppressant to a gravel road ensures road safety and riding comfort as well as creating a cleaner and healthier environment for residents in buildings adjacent to the road. It also reduces the need and cost for vehicle repair, road maintenance activities, and aggregate supplementation. Both field-based and laboratory research, using newly developed methods, were performed to evaluate the efficiency of various suppressants and the influence such factors as product concentration, leaching, and fine material content have on the efficiency of different products. A significant problem when using dust suppressants is their tendency to leach during rainfall due to their soluble properties. Residual chloride could be detected in the gravel wearing course over a longer period of time than lignosulphonate and, therefore, showed more effective long-term performance. Optimal percentages of fine material for minimal lignosulphonate and chloride leaching were found to be 15 percent by weight and 10-16 percent by weight, respectively. By applying a calcium- or magnesium chloride solution instead of traditionally used solids, the cost for annual dust control, as well as the environmental impact from the release of these chemicals in the environment, can be reduced by 50 percent. Ions of calcium chloride seemed to initiate flocculation of clay particles, thereby preventing them from leaching. Still, the fine material in gravel wearing courses has to be replenished regularly as indicated by studies of the longevity of fine material. Loss up to 80 percent was found after two years. Toxicity tests show that dust suppressant application for dust control purposes, at traditionally used application rates, does not constitute a threat to sensitive aquatic life. Tests on subsoil water samples indicated elevated chloride levels, which possibly could cause corrosion to pipes, but not high enough to flavour drinking water.
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| 25. |
- Oscarsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for quantification of lignosulphonate and chloride in gravel wearing courses
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal on Road Materials and Pavement Design. - 1468-0629 .- 2164-7402. ; 11:1, s. 171-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to oxidation, breakdown, and leaching, dust suppressants will be lost from the gravel road surface. Methods for residual dust suppressant concentration supervision are a valuable tool for estimating life-length and optimal application rates, and, hence, efficiency of different products. The objective of this study was to identify methods for quantitative analyses of lignosulphonate and chloride, develop and adapt the methods for application on a gravel matrix, and validate the methods using samples collected in-situ. Results strongly suggest that the reliability and repeatability of the developed methods (23 % for lignosulphonate and 30 % for chloride, respectively) are acceptable for determination of relative variations in residual concentrations of dust suppressed gravel wearing courses.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Oscarsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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HPV vaccinated young women´s decision-making process
- 2011
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Ingår i: Svenska Barnmorskeförbundets Jubileumskonferens, Stockholm.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim was to explore young women’s decision-making process for HPV vaccinationMethod: This study employed a qualitative design. Data were collected by tape-recorded interviews with 17 Swedish women aged 17-26 years. Data were analysed by latent content analysis.Findings: In general, the young women had confidence in the vaccination and emphasised vaccination against cancer. Mother’s support and sponsor of costs initiated the HPV vaccination. Other trigger factors were advertisements and friends. Despite having been vaccinated, they were unaware of the association between sexual behaviour and HPV. They believed that HPV vaccination would not affect their future sexual behaviour.Conclusion: Health care professionals at youth clinics and schools have to initiate discussion for clarifying the association between cervical cancer and a sexually transmitted virus.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Oscarsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Two decades of family friendly hospital : What have we learnt about breastfeeding patterns?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordisk Jordemor Kongress . International confederation of midwives, Köpenhamn Danmark.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Successful long-term breastfeeding depends on a successful start. With this in mind The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched by UNICEF and the WHO. The initiative is a global effort to implement practices that protect, promote and support breastfeeding. In 1992,KalmarCountyHospitalwas certified as Baby Friendly Hospital (BFH). The hospital is an academic teaching hospital serving primarily middleclass families. We evaluated breastfeeding patterns during their implementation (1993). Since BFHI have been introduced, several studies have evaluated breastfeeding rates. However, as far as we know breastfeeding patterns have not been in focus. Therefore, the purpose of this presentation is to compare breastfeeding patterns from the introduction ofBabyFriendlyHospital1993 with year 2010 MethodSampleThe inclusion criteria’s are; speaking Swedish, PNTarget group: A consecutive sample of mothers, Oct 2009-March 2010.Comparison group: A consecutive sample of mothers (n=69), Oct 1992-March 1993.ProcedureThe data collection from this project has started in October 2009 and is similar to the study design from 1993.A specific questionnaire was developed in 1993 which comprises background characteristics, delivery data, first suckling, breastfeeding patterns, supplementation, patterns of sleep and questions concerning support from health care professionals. Mothers kept a logbook registering times of breastfeeding during her stay at maternity ward.The questionnaire, the logbook and an information letter will be given to the mothers when they arrive to the maternity ward. They are also informed to return the completed questionnaire and diary to the researcher in an enclosed pre-stamped envelope.AnalyzeData will be analyzed using The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). In addition to descriptive data, differences between groups are going to be tested using Student’s t-test and Fischer’s Exact Test or Pearson’s Chi square test for two independent samples on nominal data
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Oscarsson, Marie, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Young women’s decision-making process for HPV vaccination
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 3:4, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo explore young women’s decision-making process for HPV vaccination and to identify their beliefs about HPV vaccination.MethodsThis study employs a qualitative design. Data was collected by audio-taped interviews with 16 HPV vaccinated Swedish women, 17–26 years old. The data was analysed using latent content analysis.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data: “Fear of cancer”, “Reliance on vaccination” and “Mother – the main motivational factor”. One of the major reasons for taking the decision to be HPV vaccinated was fear of cancer: vaccination was seen as a way to protect oneself against this. The young women’s decision-making surrounding HPV vaccination was based on reliance on vaccination and trust in health care. Support from the mothers of the young women and mothers’ sponsorship of costs initiated HPV vaccination. Other motivational factors were advertisements and friends. Despite having been vaccinated, the young women were unaware of the relation between cervical cancer, sexual behaviour and HPV.ConclusionThese HPV vaccinated young women had limited knowledge about HPV. Therefore it is important that health professionals provide comprehensible information about HPV vaccination in attaining informed consent. In order to avoid misunderstandings, health care professionals in youth clinics and schools need to initiate discussion with young women, clarifying the relation between cervical cancer, HPV and sexual transmission.
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| 34. |
- Oscarsson, Nicklas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation-induced cystitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (RICH-ART): a randomised, controlled, phase 2–3 trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 20:11, s. 1602-1614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Background: Late radiation cystitis is an adverse effect of cancer treatment with radiotherapy in the pelvic region. Symptoms of late radiation cystitis can be assessed with the Expanded Prostate Index Composite Score (EPIC). Previous reports indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces symptoms from late radiation cystitis, but the evidence is predominantly based on non-randomised and retrospective studies. We aimed to assess whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy would mitigate symptoms of late radiation cystitis. Methods: We did a randomised, controlled, phase 2–3 trial (RICH-ART [Radiation Induced Cystitis treated with Hyperbaric oxygen—A Randomised controlled Trial]) at five Nordic university hospitals. All patients aged 18–80 years, with pelvic radiotherapy completed at least 6 months previously, a score of less than 80 in the urinary domain of the Expanded Prostate Index Composite Score (EPIC), and referred to participating hyperbaric clinics due to symptoms of late radiation cystitis, were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were ongoing bleeding requiring blood transfusion exceeding 500 mL in the past 4 weeks, permanent urinary catheter, bladder capacity less than 100 mL, fistula in the urinary bladder, previous treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation injuries, and contraindications to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. After computer-generated 1:1 randomisation with block sizes of four for each stratification group (sex, time from radiotherapy to inclusion, and previous invasive surgery in the pelvic area), patients received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (30–40 sessions, 100% oxygen, breathed at a pressure of 240–250 kPa, for 80–90 min daily) or standard care with no restrictions for other medications or interventions. No masking was applied. The primary outcome was change in patient-perceived urinary symptoms assessed with EPIC from inclusion to follow-up at visit 4 (6–8 months later), measured as absolute change in EPIC urinary total score. RICH-ART closed enrolment on Dec 31, 2017; the last follow-up data will be compiled in 2023. RICH-ART is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01659723, and with the European Medicines Agency, number EudraCT 2012-001381-15. Findings: Of 223 patients screened between May 9, 2012, and Dec 20, 2017, 87 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either hyperbaric oxygen therapy (n=42) or standard care (n=45). After excluding eight patients who withdrew consent directly after randomisation (one in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group and seven in the standard care group), 79 were included in the intention-to-treat analyses (n=41 in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group, n=38 in the standard care group). Median time from randomisation to visit 4 was 234 days (IQR 210–262) in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group and 217 days (195–237) in the standard care group. The difference between change in group mean of EPIC urinary total score at visit 4 was 10·1 points (95% CI 2·2–18·1; p=0·013; 17·8 points [SD 18·4] in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group vs 7·7 points [15·5] in the standard care group). 17 (41%) of 41 patients in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group experienced transient grade 1–2 adverse events, related to sight and hearing, during the period of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Interpretation: Our results suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy relieves symptoms of late radiation cystitis. We conclude that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a safe and well tolerated treatment. Funding: The regional research fund of Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, the regional Health Technology Assessment Centre at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, and Lions Cancer Research Fund of Western Sweden.
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| 35. |
- Poliakov, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Structure-activity relationships for the selectivity of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002 .- 1878-2434 .- 0304-4165. ; 1672:1, s. 51-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selectivity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 3 (NS3) protease inhibitors was determined by evaluating their inhibitory effect on other serine proteases (human leukocyte elastase (HLE), porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin (BPC)) and a cysteine protease (cathepsin B). For these peptide inhibitors, the P1-side chain and the C-terminal group were the major determinants of selectivity. Inhibitors with electrophilic C-terminal residues were generally non-selective while compounds with non-electrophilic C-terminal residues were more selective. Furthermore, compounds with P1 aminobutyric acid residues were non-selective, while 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACPC) and norvaline-based inhibitors were generally selective. The most potent and selective inhibitors of NS3 protease tested contained a non-electrophilic phenyl acyl sulfonamide C-terminal residue. HLE was most likely to be inhibited by the HCV protease inhibitors, in agreement with similar substrate specificities for these enzymes. The identified structure-activity relationships for selectivity are of significance for design of selective HCV NS3 protease inhibitors.
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| 36. |
- Rask, Marie
(författare)
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Women receiving notification of an abnormal Pap smear result : experiences and impact on health-related quality of life
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate experiences of receiving notification of an abnormal Pap smear result and its impact on women’s health-related quality of life as well as to investigate women’s awareness of human papillomavirus.Methods: In total, 176 women and 20 healthcare professionals participated. Data were collected through individual interviews (I, II) and a questionnaire (IV) including the instrument Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Cervical Dysplasia (FACIT-CD) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FACIT-CD, and for evaluation of its linguistic validity and reliability, cognitive debriefing interviews and a questionnaire consisting of the Swedish instrument FACIT-CD was used. Data were analysed by content analysis (I, II) and by using statistical analysis (III, IV), while one part (III) was analysed according to FACIT translation methodology. Results: Women receiving notification of an abnormal Pap smear result have good overall HRQoL; they become anxious but not depressed. Reasons for anxiety were mainly that women misinterpreted the result as cancer, which could lead to lower attendance for further investigation, treatment and follow-up. To cope with the anxiety, women sought emotional support and information. They primarily used the Internet for information but also turned to healthcare professionals for information needs. Moreover, women had low awareness of HPV, its sexually transmitted nature, and its relationship to abnormal Pap smear results and cervical cancer. An awareness of HPV as a sexually transmitted infection did not lead to higher level of anxiety or more depression symptoms or worse HRQoL, compared to not being aware. Finally, the Swedish FACIT-CD is equivalent to the English version and linguistically valid and exhibited good internal consistency reliability.Conclusion: Women have low awareness of HPV and abnormal Pap smear results, whereupon they misinterpret their test result as cancer. It is of importance that women understand their test result, in order to minimise anxiety as well as to maintain high attendance for investigation, treatment and follow-up of abnormalities.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Wensbo, David, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds as mGluR5 receptor antagonists.
- 2004
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The present invention relates to five-membered heterocyclic compds. (shown as I; variables defined below; e.g. II), a process for their prepn. and new intermediates prepd. therein, pharmaceutical formulations contg. said compds. and to the use of said compds. in therapy, e.g. neurol., psychiatric and chronic and acute pain disorders (no data). Typical IC50 values for mGluR5 receptor antagonist activity are ≤10 μM; no values for individual compds. are given. Methods of prepn. are claimed and example prepns. and/or characterization data are included for ∼800 examples of I and intermediates. For example, [3-[3-[[[4-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]methyl][1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-Bu ester was prepd. in 79% yield by condensation of 4-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol with [3-(3-chloromethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbamic acid tert-Bu ester in MeCN in the presence of K2CO3. For I: P = H, C3-7alkyl or a 3- to 8-membered ring contg. ≥1 atoms = C, N, O and S, which ring may optionally be fused with a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S; R1 = H, hydroxy, halo, nitro, C1-6-alkylhalo, OC1-6alkylhalo, C1-6alkyl, OC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, OC2-6alkynyl, C0-6alkylC3-6cycloalkyl, etc. and a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S, wherein said ring may be substituted by ≥1 A. M1 = a bond, C1-3alkyl, C2-3alkenyl, C2-3alkynyl, C0-4alkyl(CO)C0-4alkyl, C0-3alkylOC0-3alkyl, C0-3alkyl(CO)NR5, C0-3alkyl(CO)NR5C0-3alkyl, C0-4-alkylNR5, C0-3alkylSC0-3alkyl, etc.; R2 = H, hydroxy, C0-6alkylcyano, oxo, NR5, NOR5, C1-4alkylhalo, halo, C1-4alkyl, etc. X1, X2 and X3 = CR, CO, N, NR, O and S; R = H, C0-3alkyl, halo, C0-3alkylOR5, C0-3-alkylNR5R6, C0-3alkyl(CO)OR5, C0-3alkylNR5R6 and C0-3alkylaryl; M2 = a bond, C1-3alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, C2-3alkenyl, C2-3alkynyl, C0-4alkyl(CO)C0-4alkyl, C0-3alkylOC0-3alkyl, etc.; R3 = H, hydroxy, C0-6alkylcyano, oxo, NR, NOR5, C1-4alkylhalo, halo, C1-4alkyl, etc. X4 = C0-4alkylR5, C0-4alkyl(NR5R6), C0-4-alkyl(NR5R6):N, NR5C0-4alkyl(NR5R6):N, NOC0-4alkyl, C1-4alkylhalo, C, O, SO, SO2 and S; Q is a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S, which group may optionally be fused with a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S and which fused ring may be substituted by ≥1 A. R4 = H, hydroxy, C0-6alkylcyano, oxo, NR5, NOR5, C1-4alkylhalo, halo, C1-4alkyl, OC1-4alkyl, OC0-6alkylaryl, etc. and a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 atoms = C, N, O or S, wherein said ring may be substituted by ≥1 A; R5, R6 = H, OH, C1-6alkyl, etc.; A = H, OH, O, halo, nitro, C0-6alkylcyano, etc.; m = 0-4; and n = 0-3; addnl. details are given in the claims. [on SciFinder(R)]
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| 40. |
- Westergren, Helena, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin resistance, endothelial function, angiogenic factors and clinical outcome in non-diabetic patients with chest pain without myocardial perfusion defects
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2840. ; 15:36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with angina-like symptoms without myocardial perfusion scintigram (MPS)-verified abnormality may still be at risk for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that insulin resistance could play a role in this population even without diagnosed diabetes. We further explored physiological and blood biomarkers, as well as global gene expression patterns that could be closely related to impaired glucose homeostasis to deepen our mechanistic understanding. Methods: A total of 365 non-diabetic patients with suspected myocardial ischemia referred to MPS were enrolled and followed up regarding event-free survival with a median time of 5.1 years. All patients underwent endothelial function assessment by reactive hyperemic index (RHI) using EndoPAT and extensive biomarker analysis. Whole blood global gene expression pathway analysis was performed in a subset of patients. Results: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) added independent prognostic value in patients without myocardial perfusion defects. In a multivariable analysis, HOMA-IR was inversely associated with low RHI. Furthermore, elevated HOMA-IR was associated with decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor D, stem cell factor and endocan as well as to increased level of interleukin-6. Global gene expression pathway analysis of whole blood cells showed that high HOMA-IR and impaired endothelial function were associated with upregulated pro-inflammatory pathways and down-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor-2 pathway. Conclusions: Insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR is associated with endothelial dysfunction and confers independent prognostic information in non-diabetic patients with chest pain without myocardial perfusion defects. Increased systemic pro-inflammatory state and decreased levels of pro-angiogenic vascular growth factors may be important underlying molecular mechanisms.
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