| 1. |
- Wamsler, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental and climate policy integration: Targeted strategies for overcoming barriers to nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 247, s. 119-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nature-based adaptation planning is a challenging endeavor, not least because it requires transdisciplinary approaches to unite different actors' efforts and capacities. However, empirical knowledge on associated governance processes is scarce and fragmented. Against this background, this paper examines the integration of nature-based approaches for climate change adaptation into municipalities’ daily planning practices and associated governance. A city-to-city learning lab was established to systematically analyze selected urban development projects step-by-step, from the initial idea, to comprehensive and detailed planning, procurement, implementation, maintenance and follow-up. The results show the numerous constraints municipal staff face and how they use targeted strategies to overcome them and tap into existing drivers. We identify five, complementary strategies: i) targeted stakeholder collaboration; ii) strategic citizen involvement; iii) outsourcing; iv) the alteration of internal working structures; and v) concealed science–policy integration. Importantly, these strategies reveal an increasing need for relational approaches that, in turn, require individuals to develop the cognitive/emotional capacity to establish trust, communicate inclusively and promote social learning, while at the same time dealing with an increasingly complex and uncertain working environment. We conclude that tapping into the potential of nature-based solutions for climate adaptation governance requires more financial and human resources, and capacity development to support personal development, systematic mainstreaming and, ultimately, more sustainable development.
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| 2. |
- Attié, David, et al.
(författare)
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A time projection chamber with GEM-based readout
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 856, s. 109-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the International Large Detector concept at the planned International Linear Collider, the use of time projection chambers (TPC) with micro-pattern gas detector readout as the main tracking detector is investigated. In this paper, results from a prototype TPC, placed in a 1. T solenoidal field and read out with three independent Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) based readout modules, are reported. The TPC was exposed to a 6. GeV electron beam at the DESY II synchrotron. The efficiency for reconstructing hits, the measurement of the drift velocity, the space point resolution and the control of field inhomogeneities are presented.
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Maria, Professor, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Från förvirring till klarhet : Att tämja det stora utredningsmonstret
- 2023
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Ingår i: 12:e Pedagogiska inspirationskonferensen.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I projektkurser och examensarbeten där större utredningar ska planeras och genomföras behöver studenterna göra många val som kräver självständighet, kreativitet och helhetssyn. Detta upplever många studenter som svårt och frustrerande. Vi har undersökt vilka svårigheter studenterna upplever, och baserat på detta genomfört förändringar i kursens lärandeaktiviteter. Studien är ännu inte avslutad, men vi ser tendenser till positiva effekter vad gäller studenternas lärande.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Engstrand, Åsa-Karin, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Från Ekholmen ut i Europa : Boken om Linköpings FC-dåtid, nutid, framtid
- 2015. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Allt började egentligen på gården där vi bodde i stadsdelen Ekholmen i Linköping." Så inleder Charlotte Rohlin sin unika och mycket personliga betraktelse över sin egen fotbollskarriär. Karriären har tagit henne från lilla Ekholmen ut i Europa, på en resa sammanflätad med klubben hon blivit trogen: Linköpings Fotboll Club. Det här är historien om LFC, klubben som etablerat sig som en av Sveriges främsta och mest framgångsrika damfotbollsklubbar med inte mindre än åtta nationella titlar på tio år. Läsaren får följa med på en fotbollsresa som sträcker sig från starten 2003 till 2014 och skildrar spelare, ledare och händelser som präglat klubben.Boken är skriven av fem supportrar till laget. Den inleds med en historisk tillbakablick och avslutas med ett välmatat statistikkapitel. Däremellan ryms allt det som hänt i klubben under de första tio, framgångsrika, åren. Boken har ett genomgående färgstarkt och rikt bildmaterial och bjuder på en och annan överraskning - även för inbitna LFC-supportrar. Så sätt dig bekvämt och följ med på resan. Från Ekholmen ut i Europa!
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| 6. |
- Hedberg, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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Front-end electronics and readout system for the ILD TPC
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high resolution TPC is the main option for a central tracking detector at the future International Linear Collider (ILC). It is planned that the MPGD (Micro Pattern Gas Detector) technology will be used for the readout. A Large Prototype TPC at DESY has been used to test the performance of MPGDs in an electron beam of energies up to 6 GeV. The first step in the technology development was to demonstrate that the MPGDs are able to achieve the necessary performance set by the goals of ILC. For this 'proof of principle' phase, the ALTRO front-end electronics from the ALICE TPC was used, modified to adapt to MPGD readout. The proof of principle has been verified and at present further improvement of the MPGD technology is going on, using the same readout electronics. The next step is the 'feasibility phase', which aims at producing front-end electronics comparable in size (few mm2) to the readout pads of the TPC. This development work is based on the succeeding SALTRO16 chip, which combines the analogue and digital signal processing in the same chip. This paper summarizes the status of this work and discusses how the experiences made so far can be exploited to improve the final readout electronics.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Hand-Held Support for Spatial Awareness for the Dismounted Soldier
- 2014
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Ingår i: HCI Posters 1. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319078564 ; , s. 335-340
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This contribution presents a summary of activities performed in an ongoing military research project aiming at investigating the impact of navigational support on spatial awareness. Investigated tasks are e.g. indication of direction to objects beyond visual range with and without navigational support, display size, performance time, and use of GPS device in darkness. The results indicate that the ability to keep track of targets in the terrain without a technical aid is very poor, but with a GPS device targets can be indicated with relatively high precision. Precision on target indication is slightly better with a larger display, it seems possible to indicate as fast as 5 seconds with a GPS device without impairments of precision, and a GPS device can be used for target indication in darkness. Spatial ability measured by PTSOT can discriminate important aspects of spatial ability with direct relevance for navigation and target indication.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting situation awareness on the move - the role of technology for spatial orientation in the field
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International ISCRAM Conference. ; , s. 442-451
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presented in this paper has investigated how technology can support spatial awareness when moving in wooded terrain. By “spatial awareness”, we refer to the ability to point in the approximate direction of several objects while navigating in unknown terrain. The ability to localize objects in the terrain has importance for emergency operations, for example firefighting and search and rescue operations. A field experiment was conducted with two conditions, one with technical support and one without. The results show that technical support in terms of GPS, digital maps and electronic compass can dramatically improve the ability to accurately indicate directions to objects. Further, findings concerning use of tests on spatial orientation to predict the ability to indicate directions to objects in the terrain when having no technical support are presented.
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| 10. |
- Lindberg, Björn, 1975-
(författare)
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Fit for European Democracy? : Party Discipline in the European Parliament
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study evaluates the fitness of political parties for the democratisation of the European Union. At the national level political parties have successfully functioned as transmission belts between voter’s preferences and political outcomes in representative democracies. Some scholars have therefore argued that an increase in party competition at the European level could make the European Union more democratic; other scholars claim that European political parties are too weak to fend off public pressure, which would arise from an increase in political competition. Since cohesive voting behaviour of political parties is the basic prerequisite for a functioning representative democracy, this study analyses how the transnational party groups of the European Parliament are able to generate voting cohesion. Drawing on rational institutionalist theories of political parties and theories of collective action, the study outlines two competitive scenarios for explaining party group voting cohesion in the European Parliament. In the party group disciplinary scenario, the party group leadership is able to enforce voting cohesion through its disciplinary powers. The national party discipline scenario predicts that party group voting cohesion is dependent on the voluntary cooperation of the national party delegations. The empirical analysis of party disciplinary effects in the European Parliament corroborates the party group disciplinary scenario. The party group leadership of the two largest party groups is able to discipline it is members for disloyal voting behaviour. The findings do, however, also show that the party group leadership is not able to sanction national party delegations if they fail to toe the party group line. The study concludes that it will be difficult for the party groups to maintain voting cohesion, if public pressure on Members of the European Parliament increases through a more open form of political contestation at the European level. The responsibility for a successful democratisation of the European Union through party competition, therefore, lies in the hands of national political parties.
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| 11. |
- Lundqvist, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Fungicide prochloraz induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in vitro
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 91, s. 36-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prochloraz is widely used in horticulture and agriculture, e.g. as a post-harvest anti-mold treatment. Prochloraz is a known endocrine disruptor causing developmental toxicity with multiple mechanisms of action. However, data are scarce concerning other toxic effects. Since oxidative stress response, with formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a common mechanism for different toxic endpoints, e.g. genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, the aim of this study was to investigate if prochloraz can induce oxidative stress and/or DNA damage in human cells. A cell culture based in vitro model was used to study oxidative stress response by prochloraz, as measured by the activity of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key molecule in oxidative defense mechanisms. It was observed that prochloraz induced oxidative stress in cultured human adrenocortical H295R and hepatoma HepG2 cells at non-toxic concentrations. Further, we used Comet assay to investigate the DNA damaging potential of prochloraz, and found that non-toxic concentrations of prochloraz induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. These are novel findings, contradicting previous studies in the field of prochloraz and genotoxicity. This study reports a new mechanism by which prochloraz may exert toxicity. Our findings suggest that prochloraz might have genotoxic properties.
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| 12. |
- Minock, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Language Specification and Violation Reporting of Business Rules over ER-modeled Databases
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Database Technology - EDBT 2015, 18<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Extending Database Technology, Brussels, Belgium, March 23-27, Proceedings. - : Open Proceedings.org. - 9783893180677 ; , s. 541-544
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents our work on adapting and extending natural language interface (NLI) to database technology to support the specification and violation reporting of business rules. The resulting system allows non-technical users to author and manage a rulebook in controlled natural language – serving as a single point of definition that can be compiled into SQL to generate violation reports. To achieve this we represent business rules in tuple alculus, handle negation in our query re-writing algorithms and add support for natural language reflexives (e.g. ‘its’, ‘themselves’, etc.). Our results show a large class of business rules can be captured with these extensions. Although our approach is general, we present it applied to compliance checking of regulations over a materiel capability development information system at the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration. At EDBT we will also demonstrate this work over a more generic package delivery domain. While there has been recent effort in pursuing Semantics for Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR) in the semantic web and description logic communities, to our knowledge ours is the first attempt to provide this capability for ER-modeled relational databases.
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| 13. |
- Oskarsson, Björn
(författare)
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A literature review of research within logistics education
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose To investigate published research in the area of logistics education, regarding logistical and educational content, pedagogical relevance, and research methods used.Design/methodology/approach A structured review of academic journal papers was conducted. A categorisation and content analysis was performed for the 163 papers selected for inclusion.Findings A shift can be seen regarding the main focus in the studied literature. Previously, required skills in logistics was the most common theme, but the last two decades, teaching and learning activities has become more prevalent. Even though this mirrors a certain interest in pedagogical aspects of logistics education, the use of pedagogical literature is very sparse. The "average" article does not refer to any such sources at all.Research limitations/implications Since the research about teaching and learning within logistics predominantly is based upon case studies where the researchers are investigating their own context, there is a matter of subjectivity. Case studies with researchers as external observers are therefore called for. So are studies aimed at investigating what effect certain educational activities have on students' learning.Originality/value This literature review adds to previous reviews by being more up-to-date, having a broader coverage of literature, and putting more focus on pedagogical issues.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-
(författare)
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Förbättrat lärande i utredningsmetodik
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med detta pedagogiska utvecklingsprojekt var att öka förståelsen för hur vi i undervisningen kan stötta studenternas lärande i utredningsmetodik.Efter att inledningsvis studerat litteratur om utredningsmetodik, interv-juades representanter för olika avdelningar på LiU, där studenterna arbe-tar med utredningsprojekt som ligger inom ramen för ovanstående be-skrivning. Intervjuer på 45-90 minuter genomfördes med representanter för sju avdelningar, från tre av LiUs institutioner. En specificering av res-pondenterna finns i bilaga 1. Intervjuerna spelades in med respondenter-nas samtycke.Utifrån intervjuerna valdes en kurs ut som case för djupare studier. Denna kurs följdes under projektets gång genom diskussioner med exami-nator och andra involverade lärare, samt genom enkäter riktade till kurs-deltagarna. Upplevda problem med kursen identifierades, förändringar genomfördes och följdes upp under två kursgenomföranden.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation method – a key skill in logistics education?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Digital proceedings of the 25<sup>th</sup> NOFOMA Conference. - 9789198097337 ; , s. 1-16
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – Structured investigations is important as a prerequisite when entering change projects. Investigation method is a valuable skill among logistics practitioners. Therefore, it is desired that logistics students learn investigation method during their studies. It is however not clear what investigation method is. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for describing investigation method.Design/methodology/approach – The framework was created with inspiration from literature. It was then used to examine to what extent investigation method was learned in a specific logistics education at master level. The course curriculum and intended learning outcomes were studied and compared with the students’ perceptions, gathered through a questionnaire to 47 students at the end of their logistics studies.Findings – The proposed framework was successfully tested. The results indicate that students have gained good skills within investigation method. They point out projects in various forms as being most useful for their learning.Research limitations/implications - The study was performed on one specific case, and should be expanded to a wider range of logistics educational programmes, in order to reach more reliable findings.Practical implications – This study is rather a starting point for research that can be of high relevance for how to design and conduct logistics education, and that might lead to graduates better prepared for conducting investigations. Originality/value - Research into general pedagogical aspects related to logistics is only sparsely addressed in research, in which the role of investigation method is mostly ignored. This paper aims at putting investigation method on the ‘skill agenda’ for logistics education.
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| 19. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation Methodology in Logistics : A Framework
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Investigation methodology is a valuable skill among logistics practitioners, since a structured investigation is a prerequisite when entering change projects. Therefore, it is desired that logistics students learn investigation methodology during their studies. It is however not clear what investigation methodology is, which makes it difficult to teach the subject, and to evaluate the students’ learning. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for describing investigation methodology.The framework was developed based on literature, and its validity was tested on a case university by the means of focus group discussions with logistics educators, and a questionnaire to 83 students at the end of their logistics studies.The proposed framework consists of nine components considered important when describing a structured investigation methodology. The tests indicate that the proposed framework is valuable for describing and evaluating program and course curricula, as well as for evaluating students’ learning of investigation methodology.The framework was tested on a single case. To reach more reliable findings, a wider range of logistics educational programmes should be studied.This study is a starting point for research within investigation methodology, that can be of high relevance for how to design and conduct logistics education, which might lead to graduates better prepared for conducting investigations.Research on pedagogical aspects related to logistics is sparsely addressed in research, and the role of investigation methodology is mostly ignored. This paper aims at putting investigation methodology on the ‘skill agenda’ for logistics education.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Modern logistik : för ökad lönsamhet
- 2013. - 4
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern logistik har blivit mycket uppskattad för att den är skriven med ett enkelt språk och har många illustrerande figurer och exempel. Den pedagogiska tanken utgår från att logistiken ska förbättras, genom att förbättra leveransservicen till kunderna och minska kostnaderna för logistikaktiviteterna.Till denna upplaga har del 3 omarbetats helt, och de två första delarna har justerats för att ytterligare öka tydligheten och läsbarheten.Del 1 Logistiksystemet ger en övergripande förståelse för hur flödena i företagets olika delar samverkar.Del 2 Logistikens verktyg presenterar olika verktyg och metoder för att analysera och förbättra logistiken.Del 3 Logistik i ett vidare perspektiv beskriver Supply Chain Management, det vill säga hur företag kan skapa gemensamma logistiklösningar, samt logistikens koppling till ett hållbart samhälle, inköps betydelse för logistiken och hur logistik kan användas i nya sammanhang, till exempel inom sjukvården.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Modern Logistik - För ökad lönsamhet
- 2006
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Logistik har under de senaste 20 åren vuxit, från att ha handlat om lager och transporter, till att bli en viktig del i många företags konkurrensstrategi. I takt med att konkurrensen på marknaden blir skarpare, företag blir allt mer internationella och vinstmarginalerna pressas genom hela kedjan från leverantör till slutkund, ökar logistikens betydelse för ett företags konkurrenskraft. "Modern logistik" handlar just om detta, dvs. hur logistiken aktivt kan bidra till högre lönsamhet i dagens tuffa affärsklimat. Den här boken både beskriver hur modern logistik fungerar och förklarar hur logistiken kan utvecklas inom olika områden. Den första delen av boken är en introduktion till modern logistik. I den andra delen får vi följa hur ett exempelföretag tillämpar olika logistikverktyg för att förbättra sin logistik.
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| 24. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-
(författare)
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Product Transfer in Warehouse Relocation : An Application of Total Cost Analysis
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PurposeWhen relocating warehouses, goods are moved from the old warehouses to the new. This transfer of goods is extended over time and is performed in parallel with daily business running as usual. The transfer logic, i.e., the sequence in which products are moved, has substantial effect on many activities in the supply chain, connected to e.g., transports, warehouses, stores, and purchasing. A proper choice of transfer logic therefore has big effect on the total costs for the product transfer.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the total cost effects of selecting a suitable logic for goods transfer connected to a warehouse relocation.Design/methodology/approachThe research is built on an in-depth case study on a major Swedish retail company in the process of establishing a new distribution warehouse. The specific sub-project for the product transfer was followed using an interactive research approach, combined with interviews with some of the stakeholders. FindingsThe systematic total cost approach applied in this case showed that big cost savings can be made by choosing an appropriate goods transfer logic. The study also gives strong support that contextual knowledge of operations is needed to make well-informed strategic decisions.Research limitationsThe findings are built from a single case study in the retail sector. Although we believe the findings to be applicable to other cases at a general level, we acknowledge that the actual outcome will be context specific. Practical implicationsCompanies planning to relocate their warehouses will gain from the findings. The systematic total cost approach followed in the case may serve as a guideline for selecting a suitable goods transfer logic.OriginalityTotal cost considerations connected to centralisation and restructuring of distribution have been discussed in research for many years. However, the relocation of warehouses has so far not been in focus. Hence, the application of total cost analysis on goods transfer connected to warehouse relocation is novel.
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| 25. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Systems Thinking in a Mechanical Engineering Program
- 2022
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Ingår i: The 18th International CDIO Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In engineering programs, systems thinking capability has been promoted for a long time. The capability of students to apply various systems thinking approaches is not only supported by educational staff, but also highly required by various employers. The aim of the study is to investigate the inclusion of systems thinking aspects in the Mechanical Engineering program at Linköping University. Two research questions address this aim. According to involved teachers, (1) What aspects of systems thinking are included in the Master Program in Mechanical Engineering?, and (2) What teaching and learning activities concerning systems thinking are included in the Master Program in Mechanical Engineering? Empirical data was gathered through focus group interviews with involved teachers from two Master profiles. The results indicate that systems thinking is present in the respective Master profiles, however not explicitly communicated with the students. Systems thinking is often coupled with disciplinary knowledge, which supports CDIO standard 3. Some examples of how systems thinking is taught relating to disciplinary knowledge (CDIO standard 7) were presented by the teachers. Examples of teaching activities specifically aimed at systems thinking were however missing, alongside examination of systems thinking in particular.
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| 26. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The value of worthless products : The effect of lead time reduction in return flows
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the 21st Annual NOFOMA Conference: 11-12 June 2009, Jönköping, Sweden. - Jönköping : JIBS. - 9789186345013 ; , s. 634-647
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of this paper Products that are no longer usable often have a very limited traditional value. Time reduction in the return flow of such goods is therefore seldom considered necessary. However, even if returned products have no traditional value, in some cases they carry an information value. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of time reduction in the reverse flow of ‘worthless’ goods with an information value. Design/methodology/approach The information value of material returned from Scania’s local workshops is estimated. Suggested lead time reductions in the flow are analyzed from a total cost perspective. Findings The products studied have a substantial information value for Scania. A lead time reduction will have a positive effect on total costs. The main reason is that the sooner defects and quality problems are investigated; the sooner improvements can take place, which reduces future quality costs. Research limitations/implications (if applicable) The study leans upon a single case study, which makes it hard to draw general conclusions. This paper can rather be used as a starting point for more thorough research in the field. Practical implications (if applicable) Taking information value into account may lead to increased attention on return flows, trying to make them more time efficient. What is original/value of paper Little attention has so far been given to the value of information in returned material.
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| 27. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-
(författare)
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Total Cost Analysis in Logistics : Practical Execution, Learning, and Teaching in Higher Education
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cost is considered a crucial factor in much decision-making in private and public organisations. Therefore, the ability to calculate total estimated costs for different alternatives is important. However, such total cost analysis is a challenging task. Providing students with the knowledge and skills needed for total cost analysis is therefore relevant in several disciplines within higher education.Within logistics management, total cost analysis is for decades by several scholars regarded as a ‘cornerstone’, a fundamental part of the discipline. However, except for describing the basic steps and presumptions, the literature does not give much support concerning how to conduct such analyses, or which the difficulties associated with total cost analysis are. This blank space in literature is not limited to the logistics discipline, it stretches throughout many disciplines. Neither does literature cover how to teach to support students’ learning of total cost analysis.Hence, to address the lack of research, the purpose of this thesis was formulated as follows: To contribute to the understanding of conducting, learning, and teaching total cost analysis.Three research questions were shaped to address each part of the purpose: conducting, learning and teaching.RQ1 What challenges are connected to the process of conducting total cost analysis?RQ2 What thresholds are there for learning how to conduct total cost analysis?RQ3 How can total cost learning be supported by suitable educational methods?The research questions are connected to each other in the sense that the challenges of conducting total cost analysis (RQ1) indicate within which areas total cost learning is difficult, and thereby where thresholds are to be investigated (RQ2). Further, knowledge about the learning thresholds is needed to discuss suitable educational activities (RQ3).The research was conducted by a combination of literature reviews and multiple case studies at four Higher Education Institutions, where both teachers and students were approached. The findings for RQ1 were developed in an abductive procedure walking back and forth between literature and cases. A twelve-step process for total cost analysis was defined, and specific challenges associated for each of these steps. Regarding learning thresholds (RQ2), perceived difficulties with learning total cost analysis were identified in the case studies. These difficulties were then analysed against threshold characteristics available in literature. This resulted in the identification of four total cost learning thresholds. Literature on constructivist-based teaching was used to suggest teaching methods to support learning (RQ3). These types of activities proved to match the ones most appreciated by teachers and students in the studied cases. The twelve-step process provides a more structured and holistic view of total cost analysis than previously available in the logistics literature. The description of challenges with conducting total cost analysis is novel, not only within logistics, but also generally, why this is a major contribution from this research. Aspects regarding teaching and learning connected to logistics, and to total cost analysis, are very sparsely addressed in literature, which makes the findings concerning learning thresholds and teaching methods valuable.The findings are believed to be useful for different stakeholders. First and foremost, teachers can use the findings for designing programs, courses, and course modules which cover the important aspects of total cost analysis with help from educational activities supporting the students’ learning. Second, for organisations where total cost analyses are conducted, the suggested process with its steps and associated challenges can be used to achieve better total cost analyses, and in turn more substantiated decisions. In the longer perspective, better education on total cost analysis at Higher Education Institutions will further strengthen the total cost competence in organisations, thereby improving the total cost-related decision making.Total cost analysis is not unique for the logistics discipline. Although focus in the study has been on Higher Education Institutions providing logistics courses, the findings are to a high extent believed to be relevant also for other disciplines dealing with total cost analysis.
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| 28. |
- Oskarsson, Björn
(författare)
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Towards Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Logistics
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Logistics is regarded as an area of high importance in business, contributing to profitability and competitiveness. Logistics is crucial also from a societal perspective, since logistical activities count for a big proportion of a country’s GNP, and since effective logistics systems can help reducing some of the environmental problems we face today. Higher education has an important role to play in order to provide business and society with well-educated logistics personnel. Since not much research is published within higher education in logistics, the purpose of this thesis was defined as:To contribute to the knowledge on teaching and learning logistics in higher education.More specifically, two research questions were set up:RQ1: What knowledge and skills are important for students to learn during highereducation in logistics? RQ2: How can students’ learning of these skills and knowledge be facilitated?A comprehensive literature review serves as a basis for the study. The literature on logistics education gives limited guidance concerning what is to be learned during higher education in logistics, as well as how to facilitate learning within logistics. These findings indicate that the logistics teaching faculty do not base their course designs and teaching practices on solid knowledge on what and how to teach.Although a major finding of my work is that more research is needed, some more concrete propositions can be made. In order to reach some kind of answers to the research questions, a selection of pedagogical theories was applied on logistics education with help from illustrating examples, partly found in literature, and partly from specific studies performed as part of this thesis.Concerning the first research question, I propose a tentative model, illustrating how different logistics knowledge and skills can be positioned against each other. A division is made between subject-specific and generic knowledge and skills, and two core generic skills within logistics are proposed: Total cost analysis and Structured investigation method.From pedagogical literature, the concept of thresholds was introduced. A threshold refers to something that is troublesome for students to overcome, but once passed leads to a new way of understanding. The identification of the thresholds associated with acquiring important knowledge and skills, is therefore important for teachers. Some thresholds concerning logistics education are discussed in the thesis. For the two core generic skills proposed above, it is suggested that ‘case-specific adaptation of total cost models’ is a threshold for total cost analysis, and ‘investigation planning’ is suggested as a threshold for structured investigation method.The question of how something can be learned is dependent on what is to be learned. Since there is a lack of clear answers concerning the what, the second research question (focusing the how) is difficult to answer in a concrete manner. On a general level, some findings were found though.Logistics is a discipline where education has strong emphasis on usefulness for the workinglife. Problem- and practice-based instructional methods are therefore recommended to create learning situations, where learning is extended from theoretical models as such, to their application in realistic settings. Reflection upon the appropriateness of the models then becomes essential. The use of educational games, simulation, and field-based projects are examples of such methods.In pedagogical literature, the term pedagogical content knowledge addresses the need for teachers to know the subject-matter (the content) in a way that makes it possible for him/her to make it understandable for the students. This kind of knowledge is built up from a number of knowledge components. One of those concerns knowledge about what is troublesome for students, which bridges over to the previously described threshold concepts. Another component is knowledge of students’ pre-understanding. An example of a method for capturing such pre-understanding is given in the thesis. Given that a teacher knows the subject-matter, the students pre-understanding, and some other contextual factors, a good knowledge on how to instruct and assess the students is crucial. The instructional methods are to a big extent case-specific, but as indicated above, problem- and practice-based methods are often to recommend within logistics education.Based on the findings and discussions in this study, a number of suggestions for future research are proposed. Among those is the need to identify the thresholds connected to learning core logistical knowledge, and to investigate appropriate instructional methods for helping students to overcome these thresholds.
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| 29. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the interface between procurement and outsourcing
- 2022
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Ingår i: proceedings & Recordings from IPSERA 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although there is a strong relation between procurement and outsourcing, there is an unclear use of terminology in the literature. The purpose is therefore to unravel the interface between outsourcing and procurement and clarify how these two concepts relate to each other. The discussion suggests that outsourcing in much of the literature includes more than the definition of outsourcing allows. Leaning against accepted definitions of outsourcing and procurement, we present a description of the interface between these two concepts, thereby clarifying in what sense they overlap, and in which parts the two differ from each other.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Oskarsson, Björn, 1964-
(författare)
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Vet vi om studenterna uppfattar det vi vill få fram?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Utbildning - Undervisning - Utmaning - Utveckling. - 9789175198811 ; , s. 101-122
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I det genomförda projektet har två studentgrupper studerats avseende hur de vid föreläsningar uppfattat ”totalkostnadstänkande inom logistik”. Studenterna tillhör olika utbildningsprogram och föreläsningarna hölls av olika lärare. Föreläsarnas intentioner har fångats upp genom intervjuer. Presentationen på föreläsningen har dokumenterats via egna observationer. Med hjälp av en enkät i direkt anslutning till respektive föreläsning har studenternas upplevelse av budskapet samlats in. Skillnad mellan intention och upplevelse har analyserats och diskuterats med föreläsare och några studenter.I båda fallen kan man se att studenterna själva anser att de lärt sig mer vid föreläsningen än vad de jag bedömer att de faktiskt lärt sig. Det är också tydligt att det finns en skillnad mellan studenternas faktiska lärande och vad lärarna hade som intention att de skulle lära sig. Denna skillnad är störst i det fall då lärarens presentation var mindre tydlig, men den finns alltså även när lärarens presentation är tydlig och genomtänkt. Resultatet bekräftar att det är svårt att få ett budskap att nå fram på tänkt sätt, och att man därför noga bör fundera på hur man bäst ska få fram sitt budskap.
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| 32. |
- Oskarsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased intramuscular blood flow in patients with lateral epicondylitis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 17:3, s. 211-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate intramuscular microcirculation in extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Ten patients with unilateral epicondylitis, mean duration of symptoms of 39 (12-96) months participated. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination and none was under treatment for the last 6 months. Isometric handgrip strength, 2-pinch grip strength and muscle strength during radial deviation and dorsal extension was determined. Functional perceived pain was evaluated by a modified BRS and perceived pain during contraction by VAS. Intramuscular and skin blood flow was recorded by a laser-Doppler flowmetry system technique (LDF) during stable temperature condition. Intramuscular blood flow was significantly lower in the affected side, 22.7 ± 9.8 PU as compared to 35.2 ± 11.9 PU in the control side (P = 0.01). There was no difference in skin blood flow or temperature between affected and control side. A positive correlation was found between duration of symptoms and the difference in intramuscular blood flow between affected and control arm (r = 0.65, P = 0.06). The present data indicate that decreased microcirculation and anaerobic metabolism in ECRB may contribute to the lateral epicondylitis symptoms.
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| 33. |
- Oskarsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Indication of Direction with Digital Map–Effects of Display Size and Time Constraints
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. - : Sage Publications. - 2169-5067 .- 1071-1813. ; , s. 360-364
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dismounted soldiers today use digital support for navigation and presentation of direction, and most likely such support will become standard equipment. Therefore, it is important to investigate how factors such as display size and performance time influence the ability to transform information on the map to positions in the terrain. An experiment was performed with two display sizes (3.5-inch and 9.7-inch). The participants’ task was to indicate direction to positions in the terrain represented by target symbols on a digital map with four different time limits (5s, 10s, 15s, and 20s). Participants with low spatial ability (measured by PTSOT) had lower precision with the small display, whereas participants with medium and high spatial ability performed equally well with both displays. When the time limit was shortened, task load increased, but performance was not affected. The results also confirm that important aspects of spatial ability can be discriminated by PTSOT.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Oskarsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Target Designation and Indication with GPS Map in Night-Op Conditions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450328746
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous experiments have shown that target indication supported by satellite-guided positioning with map on a GPS device can be made with high precision in daylight. Since the ability of military units to operate in night-op conditions is vital, the possibilities of using such equipment with night vision goggles was tested in a night-time experiment with ten officers. Their tasks were 1) to designate direction and distance to targets visible in the terrain, and 2) to identify target positions in the terrain. They performed the tasks both with GPS device and with conventional verbal target designation. Precision was approximately equal whether the tasks were performed with the GPS device or verbally, but performance time was longer with GPS device. To elicit more information the officers also participated in focus group discussions. This provided important information on design and usage of a GPS device in night-op conditions, e.g. concerning compatibility with other systems and usability in cold weather.
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| 36. |
- Prudencio, Mercedes, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward allele-specific targeting therapy and pharmacodynamic marker for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 12:566
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin-3 gene (ATXN3), is characterized by neuronal polyglutamine (polyQ) ATXN3 protein aggregates. Although there is no cure for SCA3, gene-silencing approaches to reduce toxic polyQ ATXN3 showed promise in preclinical models. However, a major limitation in translating putative treatments for this rare disease to the clinic is the lack of pharmacodynamic markers for use in clinical trials. Here, we developed an immunoassay that readily detects polyQ ATXN3 proteins in human biological fluids and discriminates patients with SCA3 from healthy controls and individuals with other ataxias. We show that polyQ ATXN3 serves as a marker of target engagement in human fibroblasts, which may bode well for its use in clinical trials. Last, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism that strongly associates with the expanded allele, thus providing an exciting drug target to abrogate detrimental events initiated by mutant ATXN3. Gene-silencing strategies for several repeat diseases are well under way, and our results are expected to improve clinical trial preparedness for SCA3 therapies.
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| 37. |
- Rosenmai, Anna Kjerstine, et al.
(författare)
-
In vitro bioanalysis of drinking water from source to tap
- 2018
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 139, s. 272-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of chemical pollutants in sources of drinking water is a key environmental problem threatening public health. Efficient removal of pollutants in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) is needed as well as methods for assessment of the total impact of all present chemicals on water quality. In the present study we have analyzed the bioactivity of water samples from source to tap, including effects of various water treatments in a DWTP, using a battery of cell-based bioassays, covering health-relevant endpoints. Reporter gene assays were used to analyze receptor activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and induction of oxidative stress by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). DNA damage was determined by Comet assay. Grab water samples were concentrated by HLB or ENV solid phase extraction and the water samples assayed at a relative enrichment factor of 50. The enrichment procedure did not induce any bioactivity. No bioactivity was detected in Milli-Q water or drinking water control samples. Induction of AhR, ER and Nrf2 activities was revealed in source to tap water samples. No cytotoxicity, PPAR alpha or AR antagonist activity, or DNA damage were observed in any of the water samples. A low AR agonist activity was detected in a few samples of surface water, but not in the samples from the DWTP. The treatment steps at the DWTP, coagulation, granulated activated carbon filtration, UV disinfection and NH2CI dosing had little or no effect on the AhR, Nrf2 and ER bioactivity. However, nano filtration and passage through the distribution network drastically decreased AhR activity, while the effect on Nrf2 activity was more modest and no apparent effect was observed on ER activity. The present results suggest that bioassays are useful tools for evaluation of the efficiency of different treatment steps in DWTPs in reducing toxic activities. Bioassays of AhR and Nrf2 are useful for screening of effects of a broad range of chemicals in drinking water and ER activity can be monitored with a high sensitivity.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Wamsler, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Beyond participation : when citizen engagement leads to undesirable outcomes for nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 158:2, s. 235-254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars and practitioners are increasingly promoting so-called nature-based approaches for urban climate change adaptation. There is widespread consensus that they both support and require transdisciplinary approaches, notably by involving citizens in the change process and finding innovative ways to unite different actors’ efforts and capacities. However, there is little empirical evidence regarding the actual value of citizen involvement to sustainability in this field. Against this background, this paper examines whether (or not) current forms and conditions of citizen involvement help to create a platform to support nature-based solutions and ensure a transformative adaptation process. The results show that under current conditions, citizen engagement often hampers sustainable outcomes. In fact, current structures and mechanisms for mainstreaming nature and climate considerations into sectoral planning are limited and, furthermore, neglect citizen involvement. In addition, there is a blind spot with respect to personal spheres of transformation toward sustainability regarding citizens, civil servants, and decision-makers. Key constraints are power structures and the lack of cognitive/emotional and relational capacities required for improved democratic governance. If we are to tap into the potential of nature-based solutions to increase climate adaptation governance, we need targeted financial and human resources, and greater capacity to overcome current constraints and support all levels and phases of mainstreaming, notably planning, implementation, monitoring, and learning.
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| 40. |
- Westny, Theodor, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Differentially Constrained Motion Models for Graph-Based Trajectory Prediction
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Given their adaptability and encouraging performance, deep-learning models are becoming standard for motion prediction in autonomous driving. However, with great flexibility comes a lack of interpretability and possible violations of physical constraints. Accompanying these data-driven methods with differentially-constrained motion models to provide physically feasible trajectories is a promising future direction. The foundation for this work is a previously introduced graph-neural-network-based model, MTP-GO. The neural network learns to compute the inputs to an underlying motion model to provide physically feasible trajectories. This research investigates the performance of various motion models in combination with numerical solvers for the prediction task. The study shows that simpler models, such as low-order integrator models, are preferred over more complex ones, e.g., kinematic models, to achieve accurate predictions. Further, the numerical solver can have a substantial impact on performance, advising against commonly used first-order methods like Euler forward. Instead, a second-order method like Heun's can significantly improve predictions.
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| 41. |
- Westny, Theodor, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Differentially Constrained Motion Models for Graph-Based Trajectory Prediction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 IEEE INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SYMPOSIUM, IV. - : IEEE. - 9798350346916 - 9798350346923
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given their flexibility and encouraging performance, deep-learning models are becoming standard for motion prediction in autonomous driving. However, with great flexibility comes a lack of interpretability and possible violations of physical constraints. Accompanying these data-driven methods with differentially-constrained motion models to provide physically feasible trajectories is a promising future direction. The foundation for this work is a previously introduced graph-neural-network-based model, MTP-GO. The neural network learns to compute the inputs to an underlying motion model to provide physically feasible trajectories. This research investigates the performance of various motion models in combination with numerical solvers for the prediction task. The study shows that simpler models, such as low-order integrator models, are preferred over more complex, e.g., kinematic models, to achieve accurate predictions. Further, the numerical solver can have a substantial impact on performance, advising against commonly used first-order methods like Euler forward. Instead, a second-order method like Heuns can greatly improve predictions.
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| 42. |
- Westny, Theodor, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
MTP-GO : Graph-Based Probabilistic Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction With Neural ODEs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. - : IEEE. - 2379-8858 .- 2379-8904. ; 8:9, s. 4223-4236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enabling resilient autonomous motion planning requires robust predictions of surrounding road users’ future behavior. In response to this need and the associated challenges, we introduce our model titled MTP-GO. The model encodes the scene using temporal graph neural networks to produce the inputs to an underlying motion model. The motion model is implemented using neural ordinary differential equations where the state-transition functions are learned with the rest of the model. Multimodal probabilistic predictions are obtained by combining the concept of mixture density networks and Kalman filtering. The results illustrate the predictive capabilities of the proposed model across various data sets, outperforming several state-of-the-art methods on a number of metrics.
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| 43. |
- Westny, Theodor, et al.
(författare)
-
MTP-GO: Graph-Based Probabilistic Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Neural ODEs
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Enabling resilient autonomous motion planning requires robust predictions of surrounding road users' future behavior. In response to this need and the associated challenges, we introduce our model titled MTP-GO. The model encodes the scene using temporal graph neural networks to produce the inputs to an underlying motion model. The motion model is implemented using neural ordinary differential equations where the state-transition functions are learned with the rest of the model. Multimodal probabilistic predictions are obtained by combining the concept of mixture density networks and Kalman filtering. The results illustrate the predictive capabilities of the proposed model across various data sets, outperforming several state-of-the-art methods on a number of metrics.
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| 44. |
- Westny, Theodor, et al.
(författare)
-
MTP-GO: Graph-Based Probabilistic Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Neural ODEs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. - 2379-8858. ; 8:9, s. 4223-4236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enabling resilient autonomous motion planning requires robust predictions of surrounding road users' future behavior. In response to this need and the associated challenges, we introduce our model titled MTP-GO. The model encodes the scene using temporal graph neural networks to produce the inputs to an underlying motion model. The motion model is implemented using neural ordinary differential equations where the state-transition functions are learned with the rest of the model. Multimodal probabilistic predictions are obtained by combining the concept of mixture density networks and Kalman filtering. The results illustrate the predictive capabilities of the proposed model across various data sets, outperforming several state-of-the-art methods on a number of metrics.
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| 45. |
- Woltjer, Rogier, et al.
(författare)
-
Air Transport System Agility: The Agile Response Capability (ARC) Methodology for Crisis Preparedness
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Infrastructures. - : MDPI AG. - 2412-3811 .- 2412-3811. ; 7:2, s. 11-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aviation is a highly inter-connected system. This means that a problem in one area maycause effects in other countries or parts of the Air Transport System (ATS). Examples range from localair traffic disruptions to the 2010 volcanic ash crisis. Agility, like resilience, refers to the ability to copewith dynamics and complexity in a flexible manner, by adjusting and adapting performance and theorganization of work to fit changing demands. The aim of this work is to help ATS organizationswith increasing their agility in the face of crises and challenges. To this end, this article presents theAgile Response Capability (ARC) guidance material. ARC was developed from a literature study anda number of case studies that combined past event analysis, interviews, focus groups, workshops,questionnaires, and exercise observation methodologies. ARC aims to help aviation organizations toset up, run, and evaluate exercises promoting agility to handle disturbances and crises, and to enablestructured pro-active and retrospective analysis of scenarios and actual events. The elements andsteps of the ARC approach are illustrated and exemplified with data from three case studies. TheARC methodology facilitates more agile and resilient ways of responding to the fundamental andnovel surprises that have become almost commonplace in the past decade, and are likely to continueto do so.
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| 46. |
- Zieba, Agata, et al.
(författare)
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The Human Endometrium-Specific Proteome Defined by Transcriptomics and Antibody-Based Profiling
- 2015
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Ingår i: Omics. - : MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC. - 1536-2310 .- 1557-8100. ; 19:11, s. 659-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human uterus includes the complex endometrial mucosa, the endometrium that undergoes dynamic, hormone-dependent alterations throughout the life of fertile females. Here we have combined a genome-wide transcriptomics analysis with immunohistochemistry-based protein profiling to analyze gene expression patterns in the normal endometrium. Human endometrial tissues from five women were used for deep sequencing (RNA-Seq). The mRNA and protein expression data from the endometrium were compared to 31 (RNA) and 44 (protein) other normal tissue types, to identify genes with elevated expression in the endometrium and to localize the expression of corresponding proteins at a cellular resolution. Based on the expression levels of transcripts, we could classify all putative human protein coding genes into categories defined by expression patterns and found altogether 101 genes that showed an elevated pattern of expression in the endometrium, with only four genes showing more than five-fold higher expression levels in the endometrium compared to other tissues. In conclusion, our analysis based on transcriptomics and antibody-based protein profiling reports here comprehensive lists of genes with elevated expression levels in the endometrium, providing important starting points for a better molecular understanding of human reproductive biology and disease.
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