| 1. |
- Khalili, Bita, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socioeconomic health gradient
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on income among individuals of European descent and leveraged the results to investigate the socio-economic health gradient (N=668,288). We found 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes. Our GWAS-derived polygenic index captures 1 - 4% of income variance, with only one-fourth attributed to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this polygenic index showed reduced risks for a broad spectrum of diseases, including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, depression, asthma, and back pain. The income factor showed a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e. = .006) with educational attainment (EA). Accounting for EA's genetic overlap with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal for higher income related to better mental health but reduced physical health benefits and increased participation in risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking.
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| 2. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 5. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 6. |
- Ahlskog, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Using Genes to Explore the Effects of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills on Education and Labor Market Outcomes
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A large literature establishes that cognitive and non-cognitive skills are strongly correlated with educational attainment and professional achievement. Isolating the causal effects of these traits on career outcomes is complicated by reverse causality and selection issues. We suggest a new approach: using within-family differences in the genetic tendency to exhibit the relevant traits as a source of exogenous variation. Genes are fixed over the life cycle and genetic differences between full siblings are random, making it possible to establish the causal effects of within-family variation in genetic tendencies. We link genetic data from individuals in the Swedish Twin Registry to government registry data and find evidence for causal effects of the genetic predispositions towards cognitive skills, personality traits, and economic preferences on professional achievement and educational attainment. Our results also demonstrate that education and labor market outcomes are partially the result of a genetic lottery.
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| 7. |
- Al Haj Ibrahem, Noor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The nuclear power issues : High school students' argumentation around a socio-scientific dilemma
- 2023
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Ingår i: ESERA 2023 - 15th Biennial Conference of the European Science Education Research Association, Cappadocia, TURKEY. ; , s. 506-507
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on how students can argue and make decisions about socio-scientific issues that are relevant to their culture or region. The goal of this study is to present these dilemmas at the conference and propose incorporating decision-making about socio-scientific issues into the science education curriculum. The study explores students' skills in SSI argumentation and aims to clarify the relationship between values, knowledge and experiences in their SSI decision-making. Although all the students had access to the same information and agreed on the factual aspects of the issue, they came to different decisions, the difference depending on their background knowledge, values, and experiences. The result of the study found that students weighed the same information differently based on their core values and experiences. The results showed that the use of SSI in science classrooms can promote students' decision-making skills, critical thinking and awareness of different factors that influence SSI issues.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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FLIP: A Difference Evaluator for Alternating Images
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ACM in Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 2577-6193. ; 3:2, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image quality measures are becoming increasingly important in the field of computer graphics. For example, there is currently a major focus on generating photorealistic images in real time by combining path tracing with denoising, for which such quality assessment is integral. We present FLIP, which is a difference evaluator with a particular focus on the differences between rendered images and corresponding ground truths. Our algorithm produces a map that approximates the difference perceived by humans when alternating between two images. FLIP is a combination of modified existing building blocks, and the net result is surprisingly powerful. We have compared our work against a wide range of existing image difference algorithms and we have visually inspected over a thousand image pairs that were either retrieved from image databases or generated in-house. We also present results of a user study which indicate that our method performs substantially better, on average, than the other algorithms. To facilitate the use of FLIP, we provide source code in C++, MATLAB, NumPy/SciPy, and PyTorch.
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| 9. |
- Aström, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
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Extension of Time-Difference-of-Arrival Self Calibration Solutions Using Robust Multilateration
- 2021
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Ingår i: 29th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2021 - Proceedings. - 2076-1465 .- 2219-5491. - 9789082797060 ; , s. 870-874
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in robust self-calibration have made it possible to estimate microphone positions and at least partial sound source positions using ambient sound. However, there are limits on how well sound source paths can be recovered using state-of-the-art techniques. In this paper we develop and evaluate several techniques to extend partial and incomplete solutions. We present minimal solvers for sound source positioning using non-overlapping pairs of microphone positions and their respective time-difference measurements, and show how these new solvers can be used in a hypothesis and test setting. We also investigate techniques that exploit temporal smoothness of the sound source paths. The different techniques are evaluated on both real and synthetic data, and compared to several state-of-the-art techniques for time-difference-of-arrival multilateration.
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| 10. |
- Backman, Filip, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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The development of the NNBAR experiment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221. ; 17:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NNBAR experiment for the European Spallation Source will search for free neutrons converting to antineutrons with a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to the last such search. This paper describes progress towards a conceptual design report for NNBAR. The design of a moderator, neutron reflector, beamline, shielding and annihilation detector is reported. The simulations used form part of a model which will be used for optimisation of the experiment design and quantification of its sensitivity.
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| 11. |
- Batstone, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative merging of radio SLAM maps in view of crowd-sourced data acquisition and big data
- 2019
-
Ingår i: ICPRAM 2019 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. - : SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. - 9789897583513 ; , s. 807-813
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor localization and navigation is a much researched and difficult problem. The best solutions, usually use expensive specialized equipment and/or prior calibration of some form. To the average person with smart or Internet-Of-Things devices, these solutions are not feasible, particularly in large scales. With hardware advancements making Ultra-Wideband devices more accurate and low powered, this unlocks the potential of having such devices in commonplace around factories and homes, enabling an alternative method of navigation. Therefore, indoor anchor calibration becomes a key problem in order to implement these devices efficiently and effectively. In this paper, we present a method to fuse radio SLAM (also known as Time-Of-Arrival self-calibration) maps together in a linear way. In doing so we are then able to collaboratively calibrate the anchor positions in 3D to native precision of the devices. Furthermore, we introduce an automatic scheme to determine which of the maps are best to use to further improve the anchor calibration and its robustness but also show which maps could be discarded. Additionally, when a map is fused in a linear way, it is a very computationally cheap process and produces a reasonable map which is required to push for crowd-sourced data acquisition.
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| 12. |
- Batstone, Kenneth John, et al.
(författare)
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Robust Time-of-Arrival Self Calibration with Missing Data and Outliers
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). - 9780992862657 ; , s. 2370-2374
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of estimating receiver-sender node positionsfrom measured receiver-sender distances is a key issue indifferent applications such as microphone array calibration, radioantenna array calibration, mapping and positioning using ultrawidebandand mapping and positioning using round-trip-timemeasurements between mobile phones and Wi-Fi-units. Thanks torecent research in this area we have an increased understandingof the geometry of this problem. In this paper, we study theproblem of missing information and the presence of outliers inthe data. We propose a novel hypothesis and test frameworkthat efficiently finds initial estimates of the unknown parametersand combine such methods with optimization techniques toobtain accurate and robust systems. The proposed systems areevaluated against current state-of-the-art methods on a large setof benchmark tests. This is evaluated further on Wi-Fi roundtriptime and ultra-wideband measurements to give a realisticexample of self calibration for indoor localization.
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| 13. |
- Batstone, Kenneth John, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Real-time Time-of-Arrival Self-Calibration using Ultra-Wideband Anchors
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 2017.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor localisation is a currently a key issue, from robotics to the Internet of Things. With hardware advancements making Ultra-Wideband devices more accurate and low powered (potentially even passive), this unlocks the potential of having such devices in common place around factories and homes, enabling an alternative method of navigation. Therefore, anchor calibration indoors becomes a key problem in order to implement these devices efficiently and effectively. In this paper, we study the possibility for sequentially gathering Ultra-Wideband Time-of-Arrival measurements and using previously studied robust solvers, merge solutions together in order to calculate anchor positions in 3D in real-time. Here it is assumed that there is no prior knowledge of the anchor positions. This is then validated using Ultra-Wideband Time-of-Arrival data gathered by a Bitcraze Crazyflie quadcopter in 2D motion, 3D motion and full flight.
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| 14. |
- Batstone, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Robust time-of-arrival self calibration and indoor localization using Wi-Fi round-trip time measurements
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Communications Workshops (ICC), 2016 IEEE International Conference on. - 9781509004485 ; , s. 26-31
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of estimating receiver-sender node positions from measured receiver-sender distances is a key issue in different applications such as microphone array calibration, radio antenna array calibration, mapping and positioning using UWB and mapping and positioning using round-trip-time measurements between mobile phones and Wi-Fi-units. Thanks to recent research in this area we have an increased understanding of the geometry of this problem. In this paper, we study the problem of missing information and the presence of outliers in the given data. We propose a novel hypothesis and test framework that efficiently finds initial estimates of the unknown parameters and combine such methods with optimization techniques to obtain accurate and robust systems. The proposed systems are evaluated using Wi-Fi round-trip time measurements to give a realistic example of indoor localization. The resulting map of the anchor points is validated against ground truth measurements with promising results.
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| 15. |
- Becker, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Resource profile and user guide of the Polygenic Index Repository
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 2397-3374. ; 51:6, s. 694-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polygenic indexes (PGIs) are DNA-based predictors. Their value for research in many scientific disciplines is growing rapidly. As a resource for researchers, we used a consistent methodology to construct PGIs for 47 phenotypes in 11 datasets. To maximize the PGIs’ prediction accuracies, we constructed them using genome-wide association studies—some not previously published—from multiple data sources, including 23andMe and UK Biobank. We present a theoretical framework to help interpret analyses involving PGIs. A key insight is that a PGI can be understood as an unbiased but noisy measure of a latent variable we call the ‘additive SNP factor’. Regressions in which the true regressor is this factor but the PGI is used as its proxy therefore suffer from errors-in-variables bias. We derive an estimator that corrects for the bias, illustrate the correction, and make a Python tool for implementing it publicly available. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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| 16. |
- Berg, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Deep ordinal regression with label diversity
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). - 1051-4651. - 9781728188089 ; , s. 2740-2747
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression via classification (RvC) is a common method used for regression problems in deep learning, where the target variable belongs to a set of continuous values. By discretizing the target into a set of non-overlapping classes, it has been shown that training a classifier can improve neural network accuracy compared to using a standard regression approach. However, it is not clear how the set of discrete classes should be chosen and how it affects the overall solution. In this work, we propose that using several discrete data representations simultaneously can improve neural network learning compared to a single representation. Our approach is end-to-end differentiable and can be added as a simple extension to conventional learning methods, such as deep neural networks. We test our method on three challenging tasks and show that our method reduces the prediction error compared to a baseline RvC approach while maintaining a similar model complexity.
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| 17. |
- Berg, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Extending GCC-PHAT using Shift Equivariant Neural Networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association 2022. ; , s. 1791-1795
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Speaker localization using microphone arrays depends on accurate time delay estimation techniques. For decades, methods based on the generalized cross correlation with phase transform (GCC-PHAT) have been widely adopted for this purpose. Recently, the GCC-PHAT has also been used to provide input features to neural networks in order to remove the effects of noise and reverberation, but at the cost of losing theoretical guarantees in noise-free conditions. We propose a novel approach to extending the GCC-PHAT, where the received signals are filtered using a shift equivariant neural network that preserves the timing information contained in the signals. By extensive experiments we show that our model consistently reduces the error of the GCC-PHAT in adverse environments, with guarantees of exact time delay recovery in ideal conditions.
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| 18. |
- Berg, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Points to patches: Enabling the use of self-attention for 3D shape recognition
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). - 1051-4651 .- 2831-7475. - 9781665490627 - 9781665490627 ; , s. 528-534
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the Transformer architecture has become ubiquitous in the machine learning field, its adaptation to 3D shape recognition is non-trivial. Due to its quadratic computational complexity, the self-attention operator quickly becomes inefficient as the set of input points grows larger. Furthermore, we find that the attention mechanism struggles to find useful connections between individual points on a global scale. In order to alleviate these problems, we propose a two-stage Point Transformer-in-Transformer (Point-TnT) approach which combines local and global attention mechanisms, enabling both individual points and patches of points to attend to each other effectively. Experiments on shape classification show that such an approach provides more useful features for downstream tasks than the baseline Transformer, while also being more computationally efficient. In addition, we also extend our method to feature matching for scene reconstruction, showing that it can be used in conjunction with existing scene reconstruction pipelines.
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| 19. |
- Berg, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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THE LU SYSTEM FOR DCASE 2024 SOUND EVENT LOCALIZATION AND DETECTION CHALLENGE
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This technical report gives an overview of our submission to task 3 of the DCASE 2024 challenge. We present a sound event localization and detection (SELD) system using input features based on trainable neural generalized cross-correlations with phase transform (NGCC-PHAT). With these features together with spectrograms as input to a Transformer-based network, we achieve significant improvements over the baseline method. In addition, we also present an audio-visual version of our system, where distance predictions are updated using depth maps from the panorama video frames.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis : The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
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| 22. |
- Buser, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational sorting on genes
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use a novel approach to explore how people sort into different careers based on their personality and skills. We link genetic data from individuals in the Swedish Twin Registry to government register data, making use of new polygenic indices that capture the genetic predispositions of individuals towards a range of relevant cognitive skills, personality traits, and economic preferences. We first present a detailed mapping of these genetic tendencies by occupation and study major. We show that – conditional on their socio-economic background – people who sort into different study majors and occupations differ significantly in their genetic predispositions. We then take advantage of random genetic variation between siblings to show that this sorting is at least partially due to a causal effect of genetic tendencies on career choices. Our results shed new light on the determinants of some of the most impactful decisions people must make in their lives.
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| 23. |
- Buser, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The causal effect of genetic variants linked to cognitive and non-cognitive skills on education and labor market outcomes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate the effect of genetic variants that are associated with differences in cognitive and non -cognitive skills on labor market and education outcomes by linking genetic data from individuals in the Swedish Twin Registry to government registry data. Genes are fixed over the life cycle and genetic differences between full siblings are random, making it possible to establish the causal effects of within -family genetic variation. We show that polygenic indices associated with cognitive skills and personality traits significantly affect income, occupation, and educational attainment. By comparing estimates that use only within -family variation to OLS estimates with and without socioeconomic controls, our results also provide indications of the degree of (residual) confounding, which can be useful for research conducted in datasets that do not contain sibling pairs. Overall, our results indicate that education and labor market outcomes are partially the result of a genetic lottery.
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| 24. |
- Dahlström, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Using Empathic Curiosity as a Tool for Embracing Diversity
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today’s society is characterized by diversity among students. In school students with different backgrounds, from different cultures and with different ambitions meet each other. Through increased awareness of diversity, we believe that teachers can choose more consciously how to meet and promote student’s diversity in the classroom. Diversity awareness is much about understanding oneself, what prejudices I have, and where this prejudice comes from. To understand and meet other people, you must first understand and meet yourself, your values and your preconceived notions. Further, it is also essential to talk about diversity, norms and privilege in schools and societies. This is one of the reasons to work on increasing curiosity about others. Being curious about others is one of the cornerstones for gaining an increased understanding of other people, their values and actions. We believe that being empathetically curious about yourself and others and willing to work to develop this curiosity is crucial for the program. The HAND IN HAND: Empowering teachers program should be understood as a tool for teachers, when reflecting on their teaching from the perspective of diversity awareness. The concept of empathic curiosity, within the program, is used as a tool to better understand others, in the society and in the classroom. Programs aimed at embracing diversity benefit by working closely with perspective taking and empathic concern of others (Miklokowska, 2018). Empathic curiosity can be directed towards ourselves, towards people in our vicinity or unknown people we meet. Further, empathic curiosity defined by Mattson(2020) means identifying with the needs of other people by trying to understand or perceiving them. Empathic curiosity can be described as a combination of empathic dialogue and empathic listening (Gøtzsche et al., 2022). The HAND IN HAND: Empowering teachers program contains several elements where empathic curiosity is practised. Examples of such elements are empathic dialogue exercises where empathic listening and empathic questioning are practiced. Through exercises designed to practice empathic listening in order to understand another person, teachers in the program practice their ability to listen empathetically, which is part of empathic curiosity. Result from focus group discussions with 120 teachers in Sweden will be presented at the symposium. The topic of the focus group discussions concerned how teachers perceive that empathic curiosity can serve as a tool to embrace diversity in today's classrooms.References Gøtzsche, K, Berg Nielsen, H, Dahlström, H, Norberg, M, Eliasson, E, Oskarsson, M, Wiklund Lind, G (2023). Draft. Hand:et: – A training programme to develop SEDA competences in teachers and other school staff Mattsson, C. (2019). Empatisk nyfikenhet – att bemöta intolerans, hat och extremism i klassrummet. Dembra. (2), 24-33. (In Swedish) downloaded 2019-11-18 from https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/279238 Miklikowska M. Empathy trumps prejudice: The longitudinal relation between empathy and anti-immigrant attitudes in adolescence. Dev Psychol. 2018 Apr;54(4):703-717. doi: 10.1037/dev0000474. Epub 2017 Dec 14. PMID: 29239638.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Davidsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Trender och likvärdighet : Svenska elevers resultat på PISA naturvetenskap i en internationell jämförelse
- 2013
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Ingår i: Utbildning och Demokrati. - : Örebro Universitet. - 1102-6472 .- 2001-7316. ; 22:3, s. 37-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden experiences an evident downward trend regarding Swedish students’ performances on large-scale science tests during the last 15 years. This article aims to analyze this trend using percentiles, analyze the trend of in-between school variance but also to compare the Swedish results to other Nordic countries as well as to some countries that have experienced a significant upward or downward trend during this period. The analyses reveal that the downward trend could be ascribed to the descending results of low- and mid-performers. Furthermore it shows an increasing in-between school variance in Sweden as well as in other countries experiencing downward performances. It is possible to conclude that weaker results from low-performers are closely related to an increased in-between school variance and thereby decreased equity.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Dawes, Christopher T., et al.
(författare)
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Linking Genes and Political Orientations: Testing the Cognitive Ability as Mediator Hypothesis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Political Psychology. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1467-9221 .- 0162-895X. ; 36:6, s. 649-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has demonstrated that genetic differences explain a sizeable fraction of the variance in political orientations, but little is known about the pathways through which genes might affect political preferences. In this article, we use a uniquely assembled dataset of almost 1,000 Swedish male twin pairs containing detailed information on cognitive ability and political attitudes in order to further examine the genetic and environmental causes of political orientations. Our study makes three distinct contributions to our understanding of the etiology of political orientations: (1) we report heritability estimates across different dimensions of political ideology; (2) we show that cognitive ability and political orientations are related; and (3) we provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that cognitive ability mediates part of the genetic influence on political orientations. These findings provide important clues about the nature of the complex pathways from molecular genetic variation to political orientations.
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| 29. |
- Dawes, Christopher T, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Genes, Psychological Traits, and Political Participation
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Political Science. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0092-5853 .- 1540-5907. ; 58:4, s. 888-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research demonstrates that a wide range of political attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors canbe explained in part by genetic variation. However, these studies have not yet identied themechanisms that generate such a relationship. Some scholars have speculated that psychologicaltraits mediate the relationship between genes and political participation, but so far there havebeen no empirical tests. Here we focus on the role of three psychological traits that are believed toinuence political participation: cognitive ability, personal control, and extraversion. Utilizinga unique sample of more than 2,000 Swedish twin pairs, we show that a common genetic factorcan explain most of the relationship between these psychological traits and acts of politicalparticipation as well as predispositions related to participation. While our analysis is not adenitive test, our results suggest an upper bound for a proposed mediation relationship betweengenes, psychological traits, and political participation.
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| 30. |
- Dinesen, Peter Thisted, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the Impact of Education on Political Participation : Evidence from Monozygotic Twins in the United States, Denmark and Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Political Behavior. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0190-9320 .- 1573-6687. ; 38:3, s. 579-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we provide new evidence on the much-discussed effect of education on political participation by utilizing the quasi-experiment of twinning. By looking at the relationship between education and participation within monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs we are able to circumvent traditional sources of confounding of the relationship rooted in genes and early life family environment because MZ twins share both. The results of within-twin pair analyses based on surveys from the United States, Denmark and Sweden show that while the relationship between education and political participation is highly confounded by genes and/or familial environment in all three countries, a positive impact remains of years of education in the US and of high school completion in Denmark. No effect is found in Sweden. Robustness checks suggest that the observed effect is not confounded by within-twin pair differences in prenatal environment nor differential treatment during childhood, and, if anything, that it most likely constitutes a lower bound estimate.
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| 31. |
- Ebelin, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Estimates of Temporal Edge Detection Filters in Human Vision
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. - 1544-3558. ; 21:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edge detection is an important process in human visual processing. However, as far as we know, few attempts have been made to map the temporal edge detection filters in human vision. To that end, we devised a user study and collected data from which we derived estimates of human temporal edge detection filters based on three different models, including the derivative of the infinite symmetric exponential function and temporal contrast sensitivity function. We analyze our findings using several different methods, including extending the filter to higher frequencies than were shown during the experiment. In addition, we show a proof of concept that our filter may be used in spatiotemporal image quality metrics by incorporating it into a flicker detection pipeline.
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| 32. |
- Ebelin, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Luminance-Preserving and Temporally Stable Daltonization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eurographics 2023 - Short Papers. - 9783038682097 ; , s. 45-49
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a novel, real-time algorithm for recoloring images to improve the experience for a color vision deficient observer. The output is temporally stable and preserves luminance, the most important visual cue. It runs in 0.2 ms per frame on a GPU.
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| 33. |
- Eliasson, Nina, 1965-
(författare)
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Att kommunicera skolans naturvetenskap : ett genusperspektiv på elevers deltagande i gemensam och enskild kommunikation
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Both individual and whole class communication of students are described in this thesis, which is based on a clear gender perspective. Two articles describe the participation of boys and girls in communication with the whole class, the empirical data collected consisting of videotaped lessons. The extent to which boys and girls participate in the communication is reported in the first study, and in the second the extent to which boys and girls respond to the teacher's closed or open questions about science is presented. The third study reports boys' and girls' individual communication when responding to written science questions. The summary chapter ties the results together from the perspective of Positioning Theory, making the thesis a result of Mixed Methods Research.Results show that boys participate in whole class communication more often than girls, with approximately the same level of dominance as shown in research from the early 80s. Boys also answer more questions than girls, the differences becoming apparent when teachers ask closed questions that can be answered in one or two words. In isolation, girls answer written questions to the same extent as boys, but give longer responses containing a more developed scientific language.Results showing that boys position themselves as knowledgeable more often than girls when teachers ask closed questions, are explained from the perspective of Positioning Theory. Girls more often position themselves as knowledgeable when teachers ask open questions that require reflection. In test situations, with time for reflection, the boys and girls position themselves as knowledgeable students to the same extent.Teachers need to be aware of the positioning attempts created by teaching, and consequently take into account that different approaches in teaching provide boys and girls with different access to the communication space.
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| 34. |
- Eliasson, Nina, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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PISA 2012 - Digital problemlösningsförmåga hos 15-åringar i ett internationellt perspektiv
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I PISA 2012 genomfördes för första gången ett digitalt prov i problemlösning, i vilket ca 1250 svenska 15-åringar från 209 skolor deltog. Problemlösning kräver bland annat nyfikenhet, uthållighet och kritiskt tänkande. Att kunna lösa problem är också en av de förmågor som på senare tid alltmer har uppmärksammats som betydelsefulla för framgång i utbildning och arbetsliv. Det digitala problemlösningsprovet genomfördes av 28 OECD-länder och 16 icke OECD-länder.
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| 35. |
- Ferranti, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Homotopy Continuation for Sensor Networks Self-Calibration
- 2021
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Ingår i: 29th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2021 - Proceedings. - 2219-5491. - 9789082797060 ; 2021-August, s. 1725-1729
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given a sensor network, TDOA self-calibration aims at simultaneously estimating the positions of receivers and transmitters, and transmitters time offsets. This can be formulated as a system of polynomial equations. Due to the elevated number of unknowns and the nonlinearity of the problem, obtaining an accurate solution efficiently is nontrivial. Previous work has shown that iterative algorithms are sensitive to initialization and little noise can lead to failure in convergence. Hence, research has focused on algebraic techniques. Stable and efficient algebraic solvers have been proposed for some network configurations, but they do not work for smaller networks. In this paper, we use homotopy continuation to solve four previously unsolved configurations in 2D TDOA self-calibration, including a minimal one. As a theoretical contribution, we investigate the number of solutions of the new minimal configuration, showing this is much lower than previous estimates. As a more practical contribution, we also present new subminimal solvers, which can be used to achieve unique accurate solutions in previously unsolvable configurations. We demonstrate our solvers are stable both with clean and noisy data, even without nonlinear refinement afterwards. Moreover, we demonstrate the suitability of homotopy continuation for sensor network calibration problems, opening prospects to new applications.
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| 36. |
- Ferranti, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Offsets Multilateration: : A New Paradigm for Sensor Network Calibration with Unsynchronized Reference Nodes
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2022 - Proceedings. - 1520-6149. - 9781665405409 ; 2022-May, s. 4958-4962
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positioning using wave signal measurements is used in several applications, such as GPS systems, structure from sound and Wifi based positioning. Mathematically, such problems require the computation of the positions of receivers and/or transmitters as well as time offsets if the devices are unsynchronized. In this paper, we expand the previous state-of-the-art on positioning formulations by introducing Multiple Offsets Multilateration (MOM), a new mathematical framework to compute the receivers positions with pseudoranges from unsynchronized reference transmitters at known positions. This could be applied in several scenarios, for example structure from sound and positioning with LEO satellites. We mathematically describe MOM, determining how many receivers and transmitters are needed for the network to be solvable, a study on the number of possible distinct solutions is presented and stable solvers based on homotopy continuation are derived. The solvers are shown to be efficient and robust to noise both for synthetic and real audio data.
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| 37. |
- Ferranti, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Sensor Networks Tdoa Self-Calibration : 2d Complexity Analysis and Solutions
- 2021
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Ingår i: ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings. - 1520-6149. - 9781728176055 - 9781728176062 ; 2021-June, s. 4635-4639
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given a network of receivers and transmitters, the process of determining their positions from measured pseudoranges is known as network self-calibration. In this paper we consider 2D networks with synchronized receivers but unsynchronized transmitters and the corresponding calibration techniques, known as Time-Difference-Of-Arrival (TDOA) techniques. Despite previous work, TDOA self-calibration is computationally challenging. Iterative algorithms are very sensitive to the initialization, causing convergence issues. In this paper, we present a novel approach, which gives an algebraic solution to two previously unsolved scenarios. We also demonstrate that our solvers produce an excellent initial value for non-linear optimisation algorithms, leading to a full pipeline robust to noise.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Svenska resultat i internationell jämförelse
- 2018
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Ingår i: PISA under 15 år – resultat och trender. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127819818 ; , s. 161-169
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Garm, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Box Jellyfish Use Terrestrial Visual Cues for Navigation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0445 .- 0960-9822. ; 21:9, s. 798-803
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Box jellyfish have an impressive set of 24 eyes of four different types, including eyes structurally similar to those of vertebrates and cephalopods [1, 2]. However, the known visual responses are restricted to simple phototaxis, shadow responses, and object avoidance responses [3-8], and it has been a puzzle why they need such a complex set of eyes. Here we report that medusae of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora are capable of visually guided navigation in mangrove swamps using terrestrial structures seen through the water surface. They detect the mangrove canopy by an eye type that is specialized to peer up through the water surface and that is suspended such that it is constantly looking straight up, irrespective of the orientation of the jellyfish. The visual information is used to navigate to the preferred habitat at the edge of mangrove lagoons.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Gummeson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Fast and efficient minimal solvers for quadric based camera pose estimation
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2022. - 9781665490627 ; , s. 3973-3979
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we address absolute camera pose estimation. An efficient (and standard) way to solve this problem, is to use sparse keypoint correspondences. In many cases point features are not available, or are unstable over time and viewing conditions. We propose a framework based on silhouettes of quadric surfaces, with special emphasis on cylinders. We provide mathematical analysis of the problem of projected cylinders in particular, but also general quadrics. We develop a number of minimal solvers for estimating camera pose from silhouette lines of cylinders, given different calibration and cylinder properties. These solvers can be used efficiently in bootstrapping robust estimation schemes, such as RANSAC. Note that even though we have lines as image features, this is a different case than line based pose estimation, since we do not have 2D-line to 3D-line correspondences. We perform synthetic accuracy and robustness tests and evaluate on a number of real case scenarios.
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| 47. |
- Gummeson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Robust and Accurate Cylinder Triangulation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Image Analysis - 23rd Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2023, Proceedings. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783031314377 ; 13886 LNCS, s. 451-466
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present methods for triangulation of infinite cylinders from image line silhouettes. We show numerically that linear estimation of a general quadric surface is inherently a badly posed problem. Instead we propose to constrain the conic section to a circle, and give algebraic constraints on the dual conic, that models this manifold. Using these constraints we derive a fast minimal solver based on three image silhouette lines, that can be used to bootstrap robust estimation schemes such as RANSAC. We also present a constrained least squares solver that can incorporate all available image lines for accurate estimation. The algorithms are tested on both synthetic and real data, where they are shown to give accurate results, compared to previous methods.
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| 48. |
- Hatemi, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Influences on Political Ideologies : Twin Analyses of 19 Measures of Political Ideologies from Five Democraciesand Genome-Wide Findings from Three Populations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 44:3, s. 282-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Almost 40 years ago, evidence from large studies of adult twins and their relatives suggested that between 30 and 60 % of the variance in social and political attitudes could be explained by genetic influences. However, these findings have not been widely accepted or incorporated into the dominant paradigms that explain the etiology of political ideology. This has been attributed in part to measurement and sample limitations, as well the relative absence of molecular genetic studies. Here we present results from original analyses of a combined sample of over 12,000 twins pairs, ascertained from nine different studies conducted in five democracies, sampled over the course of four decades. We provide evidence that genetic factors play a role in the formation of political ideology, regardless of how ideology is measured, the era, or the population sampled. The only exception is a question that explicitly uses the phrase “Left–Right”. We then present results from one of the first genome-wide association studies on political ideology using data from three samples: a 1990 Australian sample involving 6,894 individuals from 3,516 families; a 2008 Australian sample of 1,160 related individuals from 635 families and a 2010 Swedish sample involving 3,334 individuals from 2,607 families. No polymorphisms reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis. The combined evidence suggests that political ideology constitutes a fundamental aspect of one’s genetically informed psychological disposition, but as Fisher proposed long ago, genetic influences on complex traits will be composed of thousands of markers of very small effects and it will require extremely large samples to have enough power in order to identify specific polymorphisms related to complex social traits.
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| 49. |
- Helander, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Structural changes in 12-2.25% Cr weldments : an experimental and theoretical approach
- 2000
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Ingår i: Materials at High Temperature. - : Maney Publishing. - 0960-3409 .- 1878-6413. ; 17:3, s. 389-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In welds between low alloy and 12% Cr-steels, a depletion of carbon occurs in the material of lower carbon activity, the low alloy steel, during post weld heat treatment. A carbon depleted zone is formed along the fusion boundary. This zone consists of large ferritic grains and affects the creep strength of the material by promoting type IIIa cracking. In this work the absence of carbides in the carbon depleted zone is verified by transmission electron microscopy, and identified as the cause of the grain growth. A computer simulation of the diffusion processes with the DICTRA software shows good agreement with experimental microprobe carbon content measurements. The simulations could also predict the types of carbides appearing in the weld zone. Methods for reducing the carbon depletion by varying the weld and heat treatment parameters are identified.
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| 50. |
- Howe, LJ, et al.
(författare)
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Within-sibship genome-wide association analyses decrease bias in estimates of direct genetic effects
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 54:65, s. 581-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimates from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of unrelated individuals capture effects of inherited variation (direct effects), demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and relatives (indirect genetic effects). Family-based GWAS designs can control for demographic and indirect genetic effects, but large-scale family datasets have been lacking. We combined data from 178,086 siblings from 19 cohorts to generate population (between-family) and within-sibship (within-family) GWAS estimates for 25 phenotypes. Within-sibship GWAS estimates were smaller than population estimates for height, educational attainment, age at first birth, number of children, cognitive ability, depressive symptoms and smoking. Some differences were observed in downstream SNP heritability, genetic correlations and Mendelian randomization analyses. For example, the within-sibship genetic correlation between educational attainment and body mass index attenuated towards zero. In contrast, analyses of most molecular phenotypes (for example, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) were generally consistent. We also found within-sibship evidence of polygenic adaptation on taller height. Here, we illustrate the importance of family-based GWAS data for phenotypes influenced by demographic and indirect genetic effects.
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