| 1. |
- Barbulescu, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
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Oral metronidazole use and risk of acute pancreatitis : a population-based case-control study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Epidemiology. - 1179-1349. ; 10, s. 1573-1581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Oral metronidazole used in combined regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication has been associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis; however, it is less clear whether a similar association exists for single-regimen metronidazole. We, therefore, examined the association of single and combined regimens of oral metronidazole with risk of acute pancreatitis.METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, all individuals in Sweden (aged 40-84 years) hospitalized with acute pancreatitis between January 2006 and December 2008 were identified from a national hospital register (n=5,996). Controls, matched for calendar year, age, and sex, were randomly sampled from a national population register (n=60,681). Data on oral metronidazole and covariates were extracted from national health and prescription registers. Odds ratios (ORs) of acute pancreatitis, according to timing of the latest metronidazole prescription before hospitalization, were estimated using logistic regression models. Confounding by indication was examined by contrasting the main results with the association when amoxicillin was used as exposure. The robustness of results was examined by calculating incidence rate ratios using a self-controlled case series approach.RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, there was a substantially increased risk of acute pancreatitis within 30 days of oral metronidazole exposure, both for single (OR: 4.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.90-8.64) and combined (OR: 11.80; 95% CI: 6.86-20.28) regimens, compared to nonexposure. In contrast, the adjusted OR was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.25-2.54) for current use of amoxicillin compared to nonexposure. These results were supported by the self-controlled cases series analysis (incidence rate ratio: 3.30; 95% CI: 2.69-4.06, for single and combined regimens of oral metronidazole pooled). There was no strong association between oral metronidazole and acute pancreatitis more than 30 days after exposure.CONCLUSION: There was an increased risk of acute pancreatitis within 30 days of exposure to single and combined regimens of oral metronidazole. While reverse causality and confounding by indication cannot be entirely excluded, they are unlikely to fully explain the association. These results warrant an increased awareness among physicians.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary habits among snus users : a population-based cross-sectional study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use.Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users.Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models.Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: -0.86 [95% confidence interval: -1.32, -0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: -1.03 [-1.65, -0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con -sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: -1.43 [-2.12, -0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]).Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis : The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
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| 4. |
- Byhamre, Marja Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Association between snus use and lipid status in Swedish men
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 83:4, s. 241-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snus is a common tobacco product in Sweden, but the cardiovascular risk profile for snus users is less known than for cigarette smokers. We examined the association of snus use with lipid status, particularly in comparison to non-tobacco use and cigarette smoking, using data from 5930 men in the Northern Sweden MONICA study. Tobacco use was self-reported in 1986 to 2014 (24.4% used snus) and blood samples were collected at the same time. Harmonized analyses on non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were conducted in 2016 to 2018. Three hundred eighty-one snus users had also been examined more than once, allowing us to study the effect of discontinued use (achieved by 21.0%). In multivariable linear regression models, snus use was associated with higher HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations compared to non-tobacco use (p values ≤ 0.04), and it was associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations and lower triglyceride concentrations compared to cigarette smoking (p values ≤ 0.02). Snus use was not associated with non-HDL cholesterol concentrations, irrespective of the comparison group (p values ≥ 0.07). There was no indication that higher intensity of snus use led to a worse lipid profile, given that high-consumers had higher HDL cholesterol concentrations than low-consumers (p value = 0.02), or that discontinuation of snus use led to a better lipid profile, given that continued users had lower triglyceride concentrations than discontinued users (p value = 0.03). Further studies are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dahl, Viktor, 1979-
(författare)
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Breaking the law : adolescents' involvement in illegal political activitiy
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Illegal political activity has always been part of a democratic society. Despite this, not much is known about young people’s involvement in these political activities. Research portrays political influence attempts of this kind in different terms; as troublesome for the democratic political system, as expressions of conscious decisions vital for humanity’s future, and yet other times as illustrations of a coming-of-age rebellion. Overall there is a lack of collective knowledge on illegal political activity, and especially in adolescence – the age period when these political activities seem to peak.The aim of this dissertation is therefore to enhance knowledge of involvement in illegal political activity in adolescence. This dissertation addresses this task in four empirical studies. Results show that mostly boys engage politically with illegal political means. Adolescents involved are also interested in politics, believe in their own abilities to take part in political activities, have long-term political goals, and approve of violent political tactics. In addition, these activities also seem to associate with a challenge of authority. This could be seen in how political dissatisfaction was translated into illegal political activity, and in the way these activities seemed to be reactions to a non legitimized parental authority. Besides authority challenges, these activities are likely the result of important peer relations; influences from peers with experiences of illegal political activity seem to be a most probable answer to why adolescents adopt these political means. Taken together, the results of this dissertation show that adolescents involved in illegal political activity are well-equipped for political involvement, challenge authorities in most contexts of their lives, and are likely to adopt these political means from already involved peers.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Malte, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Time-of-Arrival Self-Calibration using Source Implicitization
- 2023
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Ingår i: 31st European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2023 - Proceedings. - 2219-5491. - 9789464593600 ; , s. 1644-1648
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we revisit the Time-of-Arrival self-calibration problem. In particular we focus on imbalanced problem instances where there are significantly more sources compared to the number of receivers, which is a common configuration in real applications. Using an implicit representation, we are able to re-parameterize the sensor node self-calibration problem using only the parameters of the receiver positions. Making the source positions implicit, we show that it is possible to linearize the maximum-likelihood error around the measured distances, resulting in a Sampson-like approximation. Given four unknown receiver positions and a large number of unknown sender positions, we show that our formulation leads to algorithms for robust calibration, with significant speed-up compared to running the full optimization over all unknowns. The proposed method is tested on both synthetic and real data.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Trilateration Is an Eigenvalue Problem
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2019 - Proceedings. - 9781479981311 ; 2019-May, s. 5586-5590
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of estimating receiver or sender node positions from measured receiver-sender distances is a key issue in different applications such as microphone array calibration, radio antenna array calibration, mapping and positioning using UWB or using round-trip-time measurements between mobile phones and WiFi-units. In this paper we address the problem of optimally estimating a receiver position given a number of distance measurements to known sender positions, so called trilateration. We show that this problem can be rephrased as an eigenvalue problem. We also address different error models and the multilateration setting where an additional offset is also unknown, and show that these problems can be modeled using the same framework.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Gröbner Bases : Basis Selection for Minimal Solvers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2018. - 9781538664209 ; , s. 3945-3954
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many computer vision applications require robust estimation of the underlying geometry, in terms of camera motion and 3D structure of the scene. These robust methods often rely on running minimal solvers in a RANSAC framework. In this paper we show how we can make polynomial solvers based on the action matrix method faster, by careful selection of the monomial bases. These monomial bases have traditionally been based on a Grobner basis for the polynomial ideal. Here we describe how we can enumerate all such bases in an efficient way. We also show that going beyond Grobner bases leads to more efficient solvers in many cases. We present a novel basis sampling scheme that we evaluate on a number of problems.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Solvers for Minimal Problems by Syzygy-based Reduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017. - 9781538604571 - 9781538604588 ; , s. 2383-2392
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we study the problem of automatically generatingpolynomial solvers for minimal problems. The maincontribution is a new method for finding small eliminationtemplates by making use of the syzygies (i.e. the polynomialrelations) that exist between the original equations. Usingthese syzygies we can essentially parameterize the setof possible elimination templates.We evaluate our method on a wide variety of problemsfrom geometric computer vision and show improvementcompared to both handcrafted and automatically generatedsolvers. Furthermore we apply our method on two previouslyunsolved relative orientation problems.
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Orthographic-Perspective Epipolar Geometry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, ICCV 2021. - 1550-5499. - 9781665428125 ; , s. 5550-5558
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we consider the epipolar geometry between orthographic and perspective cameras. We generalize many of the classical results for the perspective essential matrix to this setting and derive novel minimal solvers, not only for the calibrated case, but also for partially calibrated and non-central camera setups. While orthographic cameras might seem exotic, they occur naturally in many applications. They can e.g. model 2D maps (such as floor plans), aerial/satellite photography and even approximate narrow field-of-view cameras (e.g. from telephoto lenses). In our experiments we highlight various applications of the developed theory and solvers, including Radar-Camera calibration and aligning Structure-from-Motion models to aerial or satellite images.
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| 12. |
- Larsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Polynomial Solvers for Saturated Ideals
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). - 9781538610329
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a new method for creating polynomialsolvers for problems where a (possibly infinite) subsetof the solutions are undesirable or uninteresting. Thesesolutions typically arise from simplifications made duringmodeling, but can also come from degeneracies which areinherent to the geometry of the original problem.The proposed approach extends the standard action matrixmethod to saturated ideals. This allows us to add constraintsthat some polynomials should be non-zero on thesolutions. This does not only offer the possibility of improvedperformance by removing superfluous solutions, butmakes a larger class of problems tractable. Previously,problems with infinitely many solutions could not be solveddirectly using the action matrix method as it requires azero-dimensional ideal. In contrast we only require thatafter removing the unwanted solutions only finitely manyremain. We evaluate our method on three applications, optimaltriangulation, time-of-arrival self-calibration and optimalvanishing point estimation.
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| 13. |
- Mejia Baranda, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis in the northernmost region of Sweden : a retrospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 29:2, s. 120-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Epidemiological data on hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis from the northernmost region of Sweden (Norrbotten) are sparse.Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all incident cases of ATTRv amyloidosis in Norrbotten between 2006 and 2018. Official population and mortality statistics were used to estimate incidence rates and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs).Results: Ninety-three patients were diagnosed with ATTRv amyloidosis between 2006 and 2018 (median age, 72.8 years; 68.8% men; 95.7% Val30Met [p.Val50Met] mutation). The incidence rate per 100,000 persons and year increased from 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–2.47) cases in 2006–2009 to 4.92 (95%CI, 3.46–6.78) cases in 2016–2018. The SMR in the ATTRv amyloidosis cohort was 2.64 times higher than in the general population in 2006–2018 (95%CI, 1.78–3.77). However, there were indications of lower SMRs over time (2006–2012, 2.96 [95%CI, 1.73–4.74]; 2013–2018, 2.32 [95%CI, 1.23–3.96]) and by use of disease-modifying drugs (no, 3.21 [95%CI, 1.87–5.13]; yes, 2.09 [95%CI, 1.08–3.64]).Conclusion: The incidence of ATTRv amyloidosis increased 3-fold in Norrbotten between 2006 and 2018, most likely due to a previous underdiagnosis–with suggestions of lowered mortality during later years, possibly due to the introduction of disease-modifying drugs.
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| 14. |
- Neumann, Johannes Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Population.
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 331:22, s. 1898-1909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease within the population is important to inform primary prevention strategies.To evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available cardiovascular biomarkers when added to established risk factors.Individual-level analysis including data on cardiovascular biomarkers from 28 general population-based cohorts from 12 countries and 4 continents with assessments by participant age. The median follow-up was 11.8 years.Measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.The primary outcome was incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which included all fatal and nonfatal events. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. Subdistribution hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of biomarkers and outcomes were calculated after adjustment for established risk factors. The additional predictive value of the biomarkers was assessed using the C statistic and reclassification analyses.The analyses included 164054 individuals (median age, 53.1 years [IQR, 42.7-62.9 years] and 52.4% were women). There were 17211 incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. All biomarkers were significantly associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (subdistribution HR per 1-SD change, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.11-1.16] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I; 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.23] for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; 1.21 [95% CI, 1.18-1.24] for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; 1.14 [95% CI, 1.08-1.22] for B-type natriuretic peptide; and 1.14 [95% CI, 1.12-1.16] for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and all secondary outcomes. The addition of each single biomarker to a model that included established risk factors improved the C statistic. For 10-year incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in younger people (aged <65 years), the combination of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein resulted in a C statistic improvement from 0.812 (95% CI, 0.8021-0.8208) to 0.8194 (95% CI, 0.8089-0.8277). The combination of these biomarkers also improved reclassification compared with the conventional model. Improvements in risk prediction were most pronounced for the secondary outcomes of heart failure and all-cause mortality. The incremental value of biomarkers was greater in people aged 65 years or older vs younger people.Cardiovascular biomarkers were strongly associated with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events and mortality. The addition of biomarkers to established risk factors led to only a small improvement in risk prediction metrics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but was more favorable for heart failure and mortality.
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| 15. |
- Nordenvall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of cholecystectomy : a prospective cohort study of women and men
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Nature. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 57:1, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Epidemiologic data on whether consumption of fruit and vegetables (FVs) decreases the risk of gallstone disease are sparse. Therefore, we examined the association between FV consumption and the 14-year risk of symptomatic gallstone disease (defined as occurrence of cholecystectomy) in a large group of middle-aged and elderly persons.METHODS: Data from two population-based cohorts were used, which included 74,554 men and women (born 1914-1952). Participants filled in a food frequency questionnaire in the late fall of 1997 and were followed up for cholecystectomy between 1998 and 2011 via linkage to the Swedish Patient Register. Cox regression models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs).RESULTS: = .43). The multivariable-adjusted HR was 0.95 (95 % CI 0.83-1.08) for the highest compared with the lowest sex-specific quartile of FV consumption. There was no evidence of interactions with age (P = .25) or sex (P = .72) in analyses pooled by sex. However, an age-by-FV consumption interaction was observed in separate analyses of women (P = .010), with decreased HRs of cholecystectomy for ages up to 60 years.CONCLUSIONS: This study supports an inverse association between FV consumption and risk cholecystectomy in women, although the association was restricted to women aged 48-60 years. In contrast, the study does not support an association in men.
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| 16. |
- Nordenvall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Inverse Association Between Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cholecystectomy in Women but Not in Men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 13:6, s. 1096-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is conflicting epidemiologic evidence on whether coffee consumption reduces the risk of gallstone disease. We examined the association between coffee consumption and risk of cholecystectomy (as a proxy for symptomatic gallstone disease) in a prospective cohort study. METHODS: We collected data from 30,989 women (born 1914-1948) and 40,936 men (born 1918-1952) from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. Baseline information on coffee consumption was collected by using a food-frequency questionnaire; subjects were followed up for procedures of cholecystectomy from 1998 through 2011 by linkage to the Swedish Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: During a total follow-up period of 905,933 person-years, we identified 1057 women and 962 men who had undergone a cholecystectomy. After adjustment for potential confounders, the HR of cholecystectomy was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.78) for women who drank >= 6 cups of coffee/day compared with women who drank < 2 cups/day. In contrast, there was no association in men (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.75-1.24). Because of this sex difference, we examined and found evidence of effect modification by menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (P-interaction = .026). An inverse association was observed only in women who were premenopausal (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05-0.55) or used HRT (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28-0.70). CONCLUSIONS: We observed an inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of cholecystectomy in women who were premenopausal or used HRT but not in other women or in men.
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| 17. |
- Nordenvall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of cholecystectomy : a prospective cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : INFORMA HEALTHCARE. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 49:1, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Our aim of this study was to examine the association between the use of postmenopausal HRT and risk of cholecystectomy in Sweden, where the most common regimen of HRT (oral oestradiol in combination with testosterone-like progestin) has been different from those investigated in previous studies. Material and methods. We performed a prospective study of 27 892 postmenopausal women (aged 48-83 years) from the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort. Use of HRT was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire at baseline in 1997, and the cohort was followed up through 2011 for procedures of cholecystectomy by linkage to the Swedish Patient Register. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. During 362 728 person-years of follow-up (median 14 years), 995 cases of cholecystectomy were recorded. After adjustment for potential confounders, the HR of cholecystectomy was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.33-1.74) among ever users of HRT compared with never users. The risk did not differ by current or past use (p = 0.38) or duration of use (p = 0.65), but it did differ by indication of use (p = 0.006). Women who used HRT for systemic symptoms had a higher risk of cholecystectomy than those who used it for local symptoms (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.41-1.87 vs HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.97-1.50). Conclusions. This prospective study of postmenopausal women adds to the evidence that use of HRT may increase the risk of cholecystectomy.
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| 18. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective cohort study on the association between coffee drinking and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 115:10, s. 1830-1834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Only one previous study has examined the association between coffee consumption and risk of acute pancreatitis, and it found a reduced risk for alcohol-related episodes among high consumers of coffee. Therefore, we examined (1) the association between coffee consumption and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis and (2) whether this association was modified by alcohol intake. Data were obtained from two prospective cohorts, the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 76 731 men and women (born 1914-1952). Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline with a FFQ, and the cohorts were followed up between 1998 and 2012 via linkage to national health registries. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox models, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. During 1 035 881 person-years of total follow-up, 383 cases (246 in men and 137 in women) of incident non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified. Overall, and irrespective of whether a categorical or a continuous exposure model was used, we observed no association between coffee consumption and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis (e.g. the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for each 1 cup/d increase in coffee consumption was 0.97; 95% CI 0.92, 1.03). There was no evidence of effect modification by alcohol intake (P-interaction = 0.77). In conclusion, coffee consumption was not associated with risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis in this large prospective cohort study. Because of the limited number of epidemiological studies and their conflicting results, further research is needed to elucidate this potential association.
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| 19. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor
(författare)
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Diet and risk of acute pancreatitis
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas. It has a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from mild and self-limiting to severe and potentially fatal, and is often followed by recurrent attacks and/or progression to a chronic disease state (so-called chronic pancreatitis); especially if it is classified as non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Alcohol abuse is considered to be the most important risk factor for non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Even though dietary factors also might be risk factors, the literature on the role of diet in the development, recurrence, and progression of non- gallstone-related acute pancreatitis is sparse. A total of 5 studies were included in this thesis, for which the specific aims were to study: (Paper I) the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with incidence (first occurrence) of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; (Paper II) the association between glycemic load (a measure that combines quantity and quality of carbohydrates) and incidence of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; (Paper III) the association between fish consumption and incidence of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; (Paper IV) the association between coffee drinking and incidence of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; and (Paper V) the association between overall diet quality and risk of recurrent and progressive pancreatic disease after an incident episode of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. In the incidence studies (Paper I–IV)—which used data from a large group of Swedish men and women who had completed a food-frequency questionnaire in 1997 (study samples ranging from 71,458 to 81,100 persons), and who were followed up for a maximum of 12 to 15 years via linkage to national health registers—I observed that incidence of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis (study samples ranging from 320 to 383 cases) had an inverse association (lower risk) with consumption of vegetables (Paper I) and fish (Paper III), a positive association (higher risk) with consumption of high-glycemic load foods (Paper II), and a null association with consumption of fruit (Paper I) and coffee (Paper IV). In the recurrence and progression study (Paper V)—which used data on the 386 persons who had been diagnosed with incident non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis between 1998 and 2013, and who were subsequently followed up until the end of 2014 (mean follow-up of 4.8 years)—I observed no clear association between overall diet quality (calculated using a recommended food score, which was based on 25 healthy food items) and risk of recurrent and progressive pancreatic disease (defined as recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis and/or incident episodes of chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer; study sample of 90 cases). Taken together, these findings suggest that diet, a previously overlooked factor, might be important in the primary prevention of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis—and as such, they uniquely contribute to the existing literature on the role of diet in health promotion and disease prevention. On the other hand, the findings are less supportive of an important role of diet in the secondary prevention of non-gallstone- related acute pancreatitis (ie, as a potential way to reduce recurrence and progression), at least for the overall diet quality; even though a role of individual food items and nutrients cannot be excluded.
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| 20. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Fish consumption and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis : a prospective cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 101:1, s. 72-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiologic data on the role of diet in acute pancreatitis are sparse. Objective: We examined the association of total fish consumption, as well as of consumption of fatty fish and lean fish separately, with risk of non gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Design: We used data from 2 prospective cohorts, the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort, that included 39,267 men and 32,191 women who were aged 45-84 y at the start of a 13-y follow-up period (1998-2010). Fish consumption was assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, and cases of incident non gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified by linkage to the Swedish National Patient Register. HRs were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: During a total follow-up of 860,176 person-years, 320 cases (209 cases in men and 111 cases in women) of incident non gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified. We observed that total fish consumption <= 2.0-3.0 servings/wk was associated with a significantly decreased risk of the disease (P-nonlinearity = 0.017). In comparison with 0.9 servings/wk, multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.96), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.96), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.10) for 1.4, 2.4, and 3.5 servings/wk, respectively. In the analysis of fatty fish and lean fish, we observed that the consumption of each subtype had a similarly shaped association with risk of non gallstone-related acute pancreatitis as that observed for total fish consumption, although neither was significant. Multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.83 for fatty fish (95% CI: 0.65, 1.04) and 0.87 for lean fish (95% CI: 0.69, 1.11) when 0.6-2.0 servings/wk was compared with 5.0.5 servings/wk. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the consumption of total fish (fatty fish and lean fish combined) may be associated with decreased risk of non gallstone-related acute pancreatitis.
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| 21. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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High Dietary Glycemic Load Increases the Risk of Non-Gallstone-Related Acute Pancreatitis : A Prospective Cohort Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 12:4, s. 676-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Obesity and type 2 diabetes-diseases linked to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance-have been positively associated with the risk of acute pancreatitis. However, it is unclear whether consumption of foods that increase postprandial glycemia and insulinemia have similar associations. We examined the association between dietary glycemic load and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 44,791 men and 36,309 women (aged 45-84 years), without a history of acute pancreatitis, from the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Glycemic loads were calculated from food frequency questionnaire data collected in 1997, and participants were followed for the development of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis through 2010 via linkage to the Swedish National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: During a total follow-up of 967,568 person-years, there were 364 cases of incident non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis (236 in men and 128 in women). Incidence rates, standardized for age and sex, were 49 cases per 100,000 person-years in the highest quartile of glycemic load and 33 cases per 100,000 person-years in the lowest. The multivariate-adjusted HR of nongallstone-related acute pancreatitis was 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-2.18) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile. Every 50-unit increase in glycemic load per day (similar to 3 servings of white bread) had an HR of 1.38 in men (95% CI, 1.11-1.72) and women (95% CI, 1.02-1.86). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a large, prospective cohort study, diets with high glycemic load are associated with an increased risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis.
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| 22. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of geographical latitude on vitamin D status: cross-sectional results from the BiomarCaRE consortium
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 128:11, s. 2208-2218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though sunlight is viewed as the most important determinant of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) status, several European studies have observed higher 25(OH)D concentrations among north-Europeans than south-Europeans. We studied the association between geographical latitude (derived from ecological data) and 25(OH)D status in 6 European countries by using harmonized immunoassay data from 81,084 participants in the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE) project (male sex 48.9%; median age 50.8 years; examination period 1984 to 2014). Quantile regression models, adjusted for age, sex, decade and calendar week of sampling, and time from sampling to analysis, were used for between-country comparisons. Up until the median percentile, the ordering of countries by 25(OH)D status (from highest to lowest) was as follows: Sweden (at 65.6 to 63.8 oN), Germany (at 48.4 oN), Finland (at 65.0 to 60.2 oN), Italy (at 45.6 to 41.5 oN), Scotland (at 58.2 to 55.1 oN), and Spain (at 41.5 oN). From the 75th percentile and upwards, Finland had higher values than Germany. As an example, using the Swedish cohort as comparator, the median 25(OH)D concentration was 3.03, 3.28, 5.41, 6.54, and 9.28 ng/mL lower in the German, Finnish, Italian, Scottish, and Spanish cohort, respectively (P-value < 0.001 for all comparisons). The ordering of countries was highly consistent in subgroup analyses by sex, age, and decade and season of sampling. In conclusion, we confirmed the previous observation of a north-to-south gradient of 25(OH)D status in Europe, with higher percentile values among north-Europeans than south-Europeans.
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| 23. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Overall diet quality and risk of recurrence and progression of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis : a prospective cohort study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 57:7, s. 2537-2545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: An incident episode of acute pancreatitis is often followed by recurrent attacks and/or progression to chronic pancreatitis, especially if the etiology is non-gallstone-related. We examined whether overall diet quality influences the natural history of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis.METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-six individuals (born 1914-1952) were included in a prospective study, all of whom had an incident diagnosis of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1998 and 2013. Participants were already enrolled in two population-based cohorts and had completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1997. Overall diet quality was calculated using a recommended food score (RFS), which was based on 25 food items. Post-diagnosis follow-up was conducted throughout 2014 for recurrence of acute pancreatitis and/or progression to chronic pancreatic disease (including cancer). Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox models.RESULTS: During 1859 person-years of follow-up, 23.3% of the study population (n = 90) developed recurrent or progressive pancreatic disease. An inverse association was observed between the RFS and risk of recurrent and progressive pancreatic disease after adjustment for age and sex (hazard ratio for each 2-unit increase 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.01) (P overall association = 0.06). However, the association became weaker and was not statistically significant after adjustment for other potential confounders, including alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking (P overall association = 0.27).CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study of individuals with non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis, there was no clear association between overall diet quality and risk of recurrent and progressive pancreatic disease.
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| 24. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of acute pancreatitis : a prospective cohort study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: CMJA. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Onlineutg. Med tittel. - : CMA Joule Inc.. - 0820-3946 .- 1488-2329. ; 186:5, s. 338-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Several case reports have suggested that women's use of exogenous sex hormones is associated with acute pancreatitis; however, relevant epidemiologic data are sparse. We examined the association between postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of acute pancreatitis. METHODS:We conducted a prospective study involving 31 494 postmenopausal women (aged 48-83 yr) from the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire in 1997 assessing their use of hormone replacement therapy. We linked the cohort to the hospital-based Swedish National Patient Register to determine hospital admissions for acute pancreatitis through 2010. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS:Over a total follow-up of 389 456 person-years, we identified 237 cases of incident acute pancreatitis. The age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 person-years were 71 cases among women who had ever used hormone replacement therapy and 52 cases among women who had never used such hormones. Among ever users of hormone replacement therapy, the multivariable-adjusted RR of acute pancreatitis was 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.05) compared with never users. The risk did not differ by current or past use, but it seemed to be higher among women who used systemic therapy (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.38-2.66) and among those with duration of therapy of more than 10 years (RR 1.87, 95% CI 1.11-3.17). INTERPRETATION:Use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy was associated with increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Physicians should consider this potential increase in risk when prescribing such therapy.
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| 25. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Rising incidence of acute pancreatitis in Sweden : National estimates and trends between 1990 and 2013
- 2020
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Ingår i: United European Gastroenterology journal. - : Sage Publications. - 2050-6406 .- 2050-6414. ; 8:4, s. 472-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent reports from western countries have indicated an increased incidence and a decreased mortality in acute pancreatitis. However, the incidence assessment has often been hampered by the inclusion of both first-time and recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all Swedish residents hospitalized with a first-time episode of acute pancreatitis between 1990 and 2013 were identified using national registers. Sex- and age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 individuals and year were calculated, as were annual percent changes (APC) from joinpoint regression models.Results: Overall, between 1990 and 2013, 66,131 individuals had a first-time episode of acute pancreatitis in Sweden. Comparing the first five years (1990-1994) to the last four years (2010-2013) of the study period, the overall incidence of acute pancreatitis increased from 25.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 24.1, 26.3) to 38.3 (95% CI: 37.0, 39.5) cases per 100,000 individuals and year. An increase in incidence was observed irrespective of the subtypes of acute pancreatitis as well as the sex and age of the patients. Although the incidence of complicated acute pancreatitis declined in both men and women between 1990 and 2004, it started to increase in both sexes (APC 3.0; 95% CI: 0.5, 5.5 in men; APC 5.4; 95% CI: 2.6, 8.2 in women) from 2005 onwards.Conclusion: Based on nationwide data, the incidence of first-time acute pancreatitis has increased in Sweden over a period of 24 years. The incidence of disease-related complications has also been on the rise during the past few years, after declining for more than 15 years before that.
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| 26. |
- Oskarsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Vegetables, fruit and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis : a population-based prospective cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 62:8, s. 1187-1192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To examine the association of vegetable and fruit consumption with the risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Design A population-based prospective cohort of 80?019 women and men, aged 46-84years, completed a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and was followed up for incidence of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2009. Participants were categorised into quintiles according to consumption of vegetables and consumption of fruit. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate RRs and 95% CIs. Results In total, 320 incident cases (216 men and 104 women) with non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified during 12years of follow-up (891?136 person-years). After adjustment for potential confounders, the authors observed a significant inverse linear dose-response association between vegetable consumption and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; every two additional servings per day were associated with 17% risk reduction (RR=0.83; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.98; p=0.03). Among participants consuming >1 drink of alcohol per day and among those with body mass index 25kg/m(2), the RR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of vegetable consumption was 0.29 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.67) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.85), respectively. Fruit consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis; the RR comparing extreme quintiles of consumption was 1.20 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.78). Conclusions Vegetable consumption, but not fruit consumption, may play a role in the prevention of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis.
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| 27. |
- Reinikainen, Jaakko, et al.
(författare)
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Regional and temporal differences in the associations between cardiovascular disease and its classic risk factors : an analysis of 49 cohorts from 11 European countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 31:5, s. 569-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The regional and temporal differences in the associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its classic risk factors are unknown. The current study examined these associations in different European regions over a 30-year period.Methods and results: The study sample comprised 553 818 individuals from 49 cohorts in 11 European countries (baseline: 1982-2012) who were followed up for a maximum of 10 years. Risk factors [sex, smoking, diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI)] and CVD events (coronary heart disease or stroke) were harmonized across cohorts. Risk factor-outcome associations were analysed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, and differences in associations were assessed using meta-regression. The differences in the risk factor-CVD associations between central Europe, northern Europe, southern Europe, and the UK were generally small. Men had a slightly higher hazard ratio (HR) in southern Europe (P = 0.043 for overall difference), and those with diabetes had a slightly lower HR in central Europe (P = 0.022 for overall difference) compared with the other regions. Of the six CVD risk factors, minor HR decreases per decade were observed for non-HDL cholesterol [7% per mmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3-10%] and systolic BP (4% per 20 mmHg; 95% CI, 1-8%), while a minor HR increase per decade was observed for BMI (7% per 10 kg/m2; 95% CI, 1-13%).Conclusion: The results demonstrate that all classic CVD risk factors are still relevant in Europe, irrespective of regional area. Preventive strategies should focus on risk factors with the greatest population attributable risk.
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| 28. |
- Sadr-Azodi, Omid, et al.
(författare)
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Antipsychotic drugs and risk of acute pancreatitis : a nationwide case–control study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 148:2, s. 199-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Use of antipsychotic drugs, especially second-generation agents, has been suggested to cause acute pancreatitis in multiple case reports; however, such an association has not been corroborated by larger studies. This study examined the association of antipsychotic drugs with risk of acute pancreatitis.Methods: Nationwide case–control study, based on data from several Swedish registers and including all 52,006 cases of acute pancreatitis diagnosed in Sweden between 2006 and 2019 (with up to 10 controls per case; n = 518,081). Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) in current and past users of first-generation and second-generation antipsychotic drugs (dispensed prescription <91 and ≥91 days of the index date, respectively) compared with never users of such drugs.Results: In the crude model, first-generation and second-generation antipsychotic drugs were associated with increased risk of acute pancreatitis, with slightly higher ORs for past use (1.58 [95% confidence interval 1.48–1.69] and 1.39 [1.29–1.49], respectively) than for current use (1.34 [1.21–1.48] and 1.24 [1.15–1.34], respectively). The ORs were largely attenuated in the multivariable model—which included, among others, alcohol abuse and the Charlson comorbidity index—up to the point where only a statistically significant association remained for past use of first-generation agents (OR 1.18 [1.10–1.26]).Conclusion: There was no clear association between use of antipsychotic drugs and risk of acute pancreatitis in this very large case–control study, indicating that previous case report data are most likely explained by confounding.
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| 29. |
- Sadr-Azodi, Omid, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic Cancer Following Acute Pancreatitis : A Population-based Matched Cohort Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 113:11, s. 1711-1719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis is linked to pancreatic cancer, but the direction of this association is not fully elaborated.METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study including all Swedish residents diagnosed with a first-time episode of acute pancreatitis between 1997 and 2013 and corresponding matched pancreatitis-free individuals from the general population. Hazard ratios for the association between acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models.RESULTS: Overall, 49,749 individuals with acute pancreatitis and 138,750 matched individuals without acute pancreatitis were followed up for 1,192,134 person-years (median 5.3 years). A total of 769 individuals developed pancreatic cancer, of whom 536 (69.7%) had a history of acute pancreatitis. The risk of pancreatic cancer was substantially increased during the first few years after a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis but declined gradually over time, reaching a level comparable to the pancreatitis-free population after >10 years of follow-up. In those with non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis, the risk of pancreatic cancer declined to a level comparable to the pancreatitis-free population only when follow-up time was censored for a second episode of acute pancreatitis or a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Increasing number of recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer.CONCLUSION: These findings imply a delay in the diagnosis of pre-existing pancreatic cancer, if clinically presented as acute pancreatitis. Any association between non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in the long-term (>10 years) could be mediated through recurrent acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis.
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| 30. |
- Selin, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the association between acute pancreatitis and biliary tract cancer : a large-scale population-based matched cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: United European Gastroenterology journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2050-6406 .- 2050-6414. ; 12:6, s. 726-736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) often goes undetected until its advanced stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. Given the anatomical closeness of the gallbladder and bile ducts to the pancreas, the inflammatory processes triggered by acute pancreatitis might increase the risk of BTC.Objective: To assess the association between acute pancreatitis and the risk of BTC.Methods: Using the Swedish Pancreatitis Cohort (SwePan), we compared the BTC risk in patients with a first-time episode of acute pancreatitis during 1990–2018 to a 1:10 matched pancreatitis-free control group. Multivariable Cox regression models, stratified by follow-up duration, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for socioeconomic factors, alcohol use, and comorbidities.Results: BTC developed in 0.94% of 85,027 acute pancreatitis patients and in 0.23% of 814,993 controls. The BTC risk notably increased within 3 months of hospital discharge (HR 82.63; 95% CI: 63.07–108.26) and remained elevated beyond 10 years of follow-up (HR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.35–2.47). However, the long-term risk of BTC subtypes did not increase with anatomical proximity to the pancreas, with a null association for gallbladder and extrahepatic tumors. Importantly, patients with acute pancreatitis had a higher occurrence of early-stage BTC within 2 years of hospital discharge than controls (13.0 vs. 3.6%; p-value <0.01).Conclusion: Our nationwide study found an elevated BTC risk in acute pancreatitis patients; however, the risk estimates for BTC subtypes were inconsistent, thereby questioning the causality of the association. Importantly, the amplified detection of early-stage BTC within 2 years after a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis underscores the necessity for proactive BTC surveillance in these patients.
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| 31. |
- Sujana, Chaterina, et al.
(författare)
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Natriuretic Peptides and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes : Results From the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE) Consortium
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association (ADA). - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 44:11, s. 2527-2535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Natriuretic peptide (NP) concentrations are increased in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but are associated with a lower diabetes risk. We investigated associations of N-terminal pro-B-type NP (NT-proBNP) and midregional proatrial NP (MR-proANP) with incident type 2 diabetes stratified by the presence of CVD.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Based on the Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Europe (BiomarCaRE) Consortium, we included 45,477 participants with NT-proBNP measurements (1,707 developed type 2 diabetes over 6.5 years of median follow-up; among these, 209 had CVD at baseline) and 11,537 participants with MR-proANP measurements (857 developed type 2 diabetes over 13.8 years of median follow-up; among these, 106 had CVD at baseline). The associations were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models.RESULTS: Both NPs were inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes (hazard ratios [95% CI] per 1-SD increase of log NP: 0.84 [0.79; 0.89] for NT-proBNP and 0.77 [0.71; 0.83] for MR-proANP). The inverse association between NT-proBNP and type 2 diabetes was significant in individuals without CVD but not in individuals with CVD (0.81 [0.76; 0.86] vs. 1.04 [0.90; 1.19]; P multiplicative interaction = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the association of MR-proANP with type 2 diabetes between individuals without and with CVD (0.75 [0.69; 0.82] vs. 0.81 [0.66; 0.99]; P multiplicative interaction = 0.236).CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP and MR-proANP are inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes. However, the inverse association of NT-proBNP seems to be modified by the presence of CVD. Further investigations are warranted to confirm our findings and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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| 32. |
- Summerhays, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Time trends of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014 : a population-based cross-sectional study
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 59:7, s. 3037-3044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Vitamin D, produced through cutaneous photosynthesis or ingested via foods or supplements, has generated considerable research interest due to its potential health effects. However, epidemiological data on the time trends of vitamin D status are sparse, especially from northern Europe. We examined the time trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014.Methods: We used data on 11,129 men and women (aged 25–74 years) from seven population-based surveys (the Northern Sweden MONICA study), recruited between 1986 and 2014. Serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) status was measured using a one-step immunoassay (Abbott Architect). Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and a number of other variables, were used to estimate the time trend of vitamin D concentrations.Results: The mean value of vitamin D in the entire study population was 19.9 ng/mL [standard deviation (SD) 7.9], with lower values in men (19.4 ng/mL; SD 7.5) than in women (20.5 ng/mL; SD 8.2). Using the survey in 1986 as reference category, the multivariable-adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] in ng/mL was 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) in 1990, 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) in 1994, 1.6 (1.0, 2.1) in 1999, − 2.0 (− 2.5, − 1.4) in 2004, 1.0 (0.4, 1.5) in 2009, and 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) in 2014.Conclusion: In this large cross-sectional study, we observed no clear upward or downward trend of vitamin D concentrations in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2014.
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| 33. |
- Tegler, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The Multi-view Geometry of Parallel Cylinders
- 2023
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Ingår i: Image Analysis : 23rd Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2023, Sirkka, Finland, April 18–21, 2023, Proceedings - 23rd Scandinavian Conference, SCIA 2023, Sirkka, Finland, April 18–21, 2023, Proceedings. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783031314384 - 9783031314377 ; 13886, s. 482-499
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we study structure from motion problems for parallel cylinders. Using sparse keypoint correspondences is an efficient (and standard) way to solve the structure from motion problem. However, point features are sometimes unavailable and they can be unstable over time and viewing conditions. Instead, we propose a framework based on silhouettes of quadric surfaces, with special emphasis on parallel cylinders. Such structures are quite common, e.g. trees, lampposts, pillars, and furniture legs. Traditionally, the projection of the center lines of such cylinders have been considered and used in computer vision. Here, we demonstrate that the apparent width of the cylinders also contains useful information for structure and motion estimation. We provide mathematical analysis of relative structure and relative motion tensors, which is used to develop a number of minimal solvers for simultaneously estimating camera pose and scene structure from silhouette lines of cylinders. These solvers can be used efficiently in robust estimation schemes, such as RANSAC. We use Sampson-approximation methods for efficient estimation using over-determined data and develop averaging techniques. We also perform synthetic accuracy and robustness tests and evaluate our methods on a number of real-world scenarios.
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| 34. |
- Törmä, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of dietary trends between two counties with and without a cardiovascular prevention program : a population-based cross-sectional study in northern Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 25:7, s. 1835-1843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare temporal trends, over a 20-year period, in dietary habits between a county (Västerbotten) with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention program and a county (Norrbotten) without such a program.Design: Cross-sectional data from the Northern Sweden MONICA study (survey period 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014). Dietary habits were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.Setting: Counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten, Northern Sweden.Participants: Five thousand four hundred Swedish adults (mean age 56.9 years; 51.2% women) from Västerbotten (47%) and Norrbotten (53%).Results: No differences in temporal trend for estimated percentage of energy intake from total carbohydrates, total fat, total protein, and alcohol were observed between the counties (p for interaction ≥0.33). There were no between-county difference in temporal trends for overall diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Diet Score; p for interaction = 0.36). Nor were there any between-county differences for intake of whole grain products, fruits, vegetables, fish, sweetened beverages or fried potatoes (p for interaction ≥ 0.09). Consumption of meat (p for interaction = 0.05) increased to a greater extent in Norrbotten from 2009 and onwards, mainly in men (sex-specific analyses, p for interaction = 0.04). Men in Västerbotten decreased their intake of sweets to a greater extent than men in Norrbotten (p for interaction <0.01).Conclusions: Over a 20-year period in northern Sweden, only small differences in dietary habits were observed in favor of a county with a CVD prevention program compared to a county without such a program.
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