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| 2. |
- Heggertveit, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Administrative Burden in Digital Self-service: An Empirical Study About Citizens in Need of Financial Assistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: ELECTRONIC PARTICIPATION, EPART 2022. - Cham : SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. - 9783031232121 - 9783031232138 ; , s. 173-187
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to investigate what challenges arise for vulnerable citizens when welfare service provision is digitalized. We analyze the challenges citizens experience in the application process using the theoretical concept of administrative burden., i.e., learning-, compliance-, and psychological costs imposed on the citizen by policy implementation. The financial assistance service provided by the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) is our empirical example. Our results show that digitalizing financial assistance creates new administrative burdens for vulnerable citizens. While frontline workers offer important help to citizens in the application process, they can also impose additional burdens on the citizen. Our study contributes with empirically grounded insights on the administrative burdens related to digital self-service, which causes citizens to turn to frontline workers for support. We offer a theoretical contribution by linking digitalization and administrative burden.
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| 3. |
- Heimburg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity after cardiac arrest; protocol of a sub-study in the Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-5204. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors have lower levels of self-reported physical activity compared to a non-cardiac arrest (CA) control group who had acute myocardial infarction (MI). Additional aims are to explore potential predictors of physical inactivity (older age, female gender, problems with general physical function, global cognition, mental processing speed/attention, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, kinesiophobia, fatigue), and to investigate the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity among OHCA-survivors. Methods: The Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2-trial) collects information regarding age, gender, self-reported physical activity, general physical function, global cognition and mental processing speed/attention at 6 months after OHCA. In this TTM2-trial cross-sectional prospective sub-study, participants at selected sites are invited to an additional follow-up meeting within 4 weeks from the main study follow-up. At this meeting, information regarding anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, kinesiophobia and fatigue is collected. The OHCA-survivors are then provided with an objective measure of physical activity, a hip-placed accelerometer, to wear for one week, together with a training diary. At the end of the week, participants are asked to once again answer two self-reported questions regarding physical activity for that specific week. MI-controls attend a single follow-up meeting and perform the same assessments as the OHCA-survivors, except from wearing the accelerometer. We aim to include 110 OHCA-survivors and 110 MI-controls in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom. Conclusion: The results from this sub-study will provide novel information about physical activity among OHCA-survivors.
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| 4. |
- Lindgren, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Close encounters of the digital kind: A research agenda for the digitalization of public services
- 2019
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Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : ELSEVIER INC. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 36:3, s. 427-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to e-government research by presenting a review and discussion on how digitalization of public services has affected the interaction between citizens and government. We argue for a conceptualization and critical reflection on the nature of the underlying interaction between citizens and public officials - the public encounter - that digital public services are developed to support. We apply a qualitative and hermeneutic approach and illustrate that digital public services change public encounters concerning when, where, and how interactions occur, what each actor does, and the skills required of them. By relating these changes to emerging digital technologies (e.g. data mining, machine learning, sensor technology, and service automation), we illustrate that while these new technologies carry the potential to further digitalize service provision and fulfill the democratic goals of digital government, authorities can apply the same technology to restrict, control, and surveil citizens. Based on a critical discussion on what digitalization might entail for society, we identify problem areas arising from this development and propose a research agenda for understanding this phenomenon further. We raise questions and ethical concerns regarding accountability and reskilling of citizens and public officials as public service provision becomes citizen self-service.
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| 5. |
- Madsen, Christian Ostergaard, et al.
(författare)
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The accidental caseworker - How digital self-service influences citizens administrative burden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier Inc. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 39:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following a large worldwide uptake of digital public services, several countries have turned to mandatory digitization, whereby citizens or companies must use digital self-service applications to apply for public services. However, previous research on the adoption of digital public services has predominantly focused on simple, or even hypothetical, services and situations. We identify a knowledge gap concerning citizens experience of actual interactions with digital self-service for more complicated social services and benefits. Therefore, we explore digital self-service from the perspective of citizens using the concept of administrative burden as a theoretical lens. Specifically, we analyze data from in-depth empirical studies encompassing observations, interviews, and focus group discussions with single mothers who have applied for public benefits following divorce or family separation. We present a descriptive process model for citizens application for public benefits. Next, we illustrate how digital self-service influences citizens administrative burden throughout this process. An important contribution reveals that citizens administrative burden increases-they must learn how to complete tasks that professional caseworkers previously conducted and comply with government demands concerning digital selfservice applications and specific data formats. However, digital self-service can also reduce citizens administrative burden through the online provision of information and automatic data transfers. Further, digital selfservice offers an anonymous application process that may reduce the psychological costs and stigma associated with receiving public benefits. Finally, our research contributes new insights at the theoretical level, linking the concept of administrative burden to complex digital self-service use from a citizen perspective.
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| 6. |
- Martin-Almedina, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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EPHB4 kinase-inactivating mutations cause autosomal dominant lymphatic-related hydrops fetalis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 126:8, s. 3080-3088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrops fetalis describes fluid accumulation in at least 2 fetal compartments, including abdominal cavities, pleura, and pericardium, or in body tissue. The majority of hydrops fetalis cases are nonimmune conditions that present with generalized edema of the fetus, and approximately 15% of these nonimmune cases result from a lymphatic abnormality. Here, we have identified an autosomal dominant, inherited form of lymphatic-related (nonimmune) hydrops fetalis (LRHF). Independent exome sequencing projects on 2 families with a history of in utero and neonatal deaths associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis uncovered 2 heterozygous missense variants in the gene encoding Eph receptor B4 (EPHB4). Biochemical analysis determined that the mutant EPHB4 proteins are devoid of tyrosine kinase activity, indicating that loss of EPHB4 signaling contributes to LRHF pathogenesis. Further, inactivation of Ephb4 in lymphatic endothelial cells of developing mouse embryos led to defective lymphovenous valve formation and consequent subcutaneous edema. Together, these findings identify EPHB4 as a critical regulator of early lymphatic vascular development and demonstrate that mutations in the gene can cause an autosomal dominant form of LRHF that is associated with a high mortality rate.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ostergaard, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged half-life and preserved enzymatic properties of factor IX selectively PEGylated on native N-glycans in the activation peptide
- 2011
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 118:8, s. 2333-2341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current management of hemophilia B entails multiple weekly infusions of factor IX (FIX) to prevent bleeding episodes. In an attempt to make a longer acting recombinant FIX (rFIX), we have explored a new releasable protraction concept using the native N-glycans in the activation peptide as sites for attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Release of the activation peptide by physiologic activators converted glycoPEGylated rFIX (N9-GP) to native rFIXa and proceeded with normal kinetics for FXIa, while the Km for activation by FVIIa-tissue factor (TF) was increased by 2-fold. Consistent with minimal perturbation of rFIX by the attached PEG, N9-GP retained 73%-100% specific activity in plasma and whole-blood-based assays and showed efficacy comparable with rFIX in stopping acute bleeds in hemophilia B mice. In animal models N9-GP exhibited up to 2-fold increased in vivo recovery and a markedly prolonged half-life in mini-pig (76 hours) and hemophilia B dog (113 hours) compared with rFIX (16 hours). The extended circulation time of N9-GP was reflected in prolonged correction of coagulation parameters in hemophilia B dog and duration of effect in hemophilia B mice. Collectively, these results suggest that N9-GP has the potential to offer efficacious prophylactic and acute treatment of hemophilia B patients at a reduced dosing frequency. (Blood. 2011; 118(8): 2333-2341)
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| 9. |
- Rudolf, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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TBscore II: Refining and validating a simple clinical score for treatment monitoring of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 45:11, s. 825-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The TBscore, based on simple signs and symptoms, was introduced to predict unsuccessful outcome in tuberculosis patients on treatment. A recent inter-observer variation study showed profound variation in some variables. Further, some variables depend on a physician assessing them, making the score less applicable. The aim of the present study was to simplify the TBscore. Methods: Inter-observer variation assessment and exploratory factor analysis were combined to develop a simplified score, the TBscore II. To validate TBscore II we assessed the association between start score and failure (i.e. death or treatment failure), responsiveness using Cohens effect size, and the relationship between severity class at treatment start and a decrease andlt; 25% in score from the start until the end of the second treatment month and subsequent mortality. Results: We analyzed data from 1070 Guinean (2003-2012) and 432 Ethiopian (2007-2012) pulmonary tuberculosis patients. For the refined score, items with less than substantial agreement (kappa andlt;= 0.6) and/or not associated with the underlying constructs were excluded. Items kept were: cough, dyspnea, chest pain, anemia, body mass index (BMI) andlt; 18 kg/m(2), BMI andlt; 16 kg/m(2), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) andlt; 220 mm, and MUAC andlt; 200 mm. The effect sizes for the change between the start of treatment and the 2-month follow-up were 0.51 in Guinea-Bissau and 0.68 in Ethiopia, and for the change between the start of treatment and the end of treatment were 0.68 in Guinea-Bissau and 0.74 in Ethiopia. Severity class placement at treatment start predicted failure (p andlt; 0.001 Guinea-Bissau, p = 0.208 Ethiopia). Inability to decrease at least 25% in score was associated with a higher failure rate during the remaining 4 months of treatment (p = 0.063 Guinea-Bissau, p = 0.008 Ethiopia). Conclusion: The TBscore II could be a useful monitoring tool, aiding triage at the beginning of treatment and during treatment.
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| 10. |
- Wache, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Myeloid-related protein 14 promote inflammation and injury in meningitis.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 212:2, s. 247-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrophilic inflammation often persists over days despite efficient antibiotic treatment and contributes to brain damage in bacterial meningitis. We proposed here that MRP14, an abundant cytosolic protein in myeloid cells, acts as an endogenous danger signal, driving inflammation and aggravating tissue injury.
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