| 1. |
- Backlund, Sandra, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficiency potentials and energy management practices in Swedish firms
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to improve energy efficiency and reach the EU:s 20-20-20 primary energy saving target, focus has mainly been on diffusion of technology. Previous studies have illustrated large untapped energy saving potentials from implementing energy management practices in firms. Energy management practices have large effects on energy utilization and also a short pay-back time. According to these studies, energy management practices also effect investment decisions and the outcome of investments in energy efficient technologies. This paper investigates to what extent energy management practices influence firms estimation of energy efficiency potentials. Further it investigates two Swedish policy programs that promote industrial energy management practices: The Programme For improving Energy efficiency in energy-intensive industry (PFE) and the energy audit program and whether these have increased energy management practices in Swedish firms. A multiple case study has been conducted in order to investigate energy practices in firms in different industrial sectors. Employment of energy management varies between firms. The firms estimate equal energy efficiency potentials from implementation of energy efficient technology as for energy management practices. In total the firms estimate energy efficiency potentials of 12 %. The study shows that firms that have participated in the programs work more actively with energy management. This can be illustrated by the fact that 75 % of the firms that have not participated in any of the programs lack a person responsible for energy management and 50 % also lack a long term energy strategy. For firms that have participated in the programs the corresponding figures are 30 % and 33 %. The results indicate an untapped potential of energy efficiency measures that could be reached through increased energy management in Swedish industries.
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| 2. |
- Backlund, Sandra, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Extending the Energy efficiency gap
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 51, s. 392-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to reach the EU: s 20–20–20 primary energy savings target, energy efficiency needs to increase. Previous research on energy use and energy efficiency has focused mainly on the diffusion of energy efficient technologies. The discrepancy between optimal and actual implementation of energy efficient technologies has been illustrated in numerous articles and is often referred to as the energy efficiency gap. However, efficient technologies are not the only ways to increase energy efficiency. Empirical studies have found that a cost-effective way to improve energy efficiency is to combine investments in energy-efficient technologies with continuous energy management practices. By including energy management into an estimated energy efficiency potential this paper introduces an extended energy efficiency gap, mainly in manufacturing industries and the commercial sector. The inclusion of energy management components in future energy policy will play an important role if the energy savings targets for 2020, and later 2050, are to be met in the EU.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Per, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic in-line inspection of shape based on photogrammetry
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 7th International Swedish Production Symposium, SPS16, Conference Proceedings. - Lund : Swedish Production Academy. ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are describing a fully automatic in-line shape inspection system for controlling the shape of moving objects on a conveyor belt. The shapes of the objects are measured using a full-field optical shape measurement method based on photogrammetry. The photogrammetry system consists of four cameras, a flash, and a triggering device. When an object to be measured arrives at a given position relative to the system, the flash and cameras are synchronously triggered to capture images of the moving object.From the captured images a point-cloud representing the measured shape is created. The point-cloud is then aligned to a CAD-model, which defines the nominal shape of the measured object, using a best-fit method and a feature-based alignment method. Deviations between the point-cloud and the CAD-model are computed giving the output of the inspection process. The computational time to create a point-cloud from the captured images is about 30 seconds and the computational time for the comparison with the CAD-model is about ten milliseconds. We report on recent progress with the shape inspection system.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Choudhary, Vipin, et al.
(författare)
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A Non-destructive Testing Method in Industrial Processes to Determine the Complex Refractive Index Using Ultra-Wide Band Radio
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748 .- 2379-9153. ; 22:8, s. 7752-7762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An ultra-wide band measurement method for determining the complex refractive index of large-volume objects is presented. The method is intended for industrial non-destructive testing. It uses a frequency-domain technique in which transmitted radio pulses are analyzed and the effects of near field and coupling on the determined refractive index are compensated. Measurements were performed in an industrial setup with electromagnetic sensors buried in the object. The results are presented for woodchips as an object. The refractive index was experimentally determined in the frequency range 0.5-3.0 GHz. Additionally, we designed and manufactured planar quasi-differential elliptical-antennas as electromagnetic sensors. The results from the industrial measurement setup were compared with the results of the laboratory setup, in which the sensors were placed outside the test box and near field and coupling effects could be neglected. The complex refractive index determined for the two setups was in good agreement, which corroborates the proposed method for compensating for coupling and near-field effects. The complex refractive index of woodchips changes with the moisture content. It is experimental verified using the industrial setup that the moisture content can be determined with a 2 percent error.
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| 6. |
- Franz, D, et al.
(författare)
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Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe´s terrestrial ecosystems: a review
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Agrophysics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0236-8722 .- 2300-8725. ; 32, s. 439-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. The use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.
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| 7. |
- Grahn, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Longer Nature-Based Rehabilitation May Contribute to a Faster Return to Work in Patients with Reactions to Severe Stress and/or Depression
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global burden of depression and stress-related mental disorders is substantial, and constitutes a major need for effective rehabilitation. Can nature-based rehabilitation help people return to work? Objective: To study if the length of a nature-based rehabilitation program affects the outcome with regard to return to work one year after the onset of the program, in a group of patients with long-term reactions to severe stress and/or depression. Methods: A prospective, quasi-experimental study comparing results from 8-, 12-, and 24-week periods of rehabilitation. The rehabilitation of 106 participants was carried out by a multimodal rehabilitation team in a specially designed rehabilitation garden. Return to work data were collected before the intervention and one year after the start of rehabilitation. In addition, data were collected regarding self-assessed occupational competence, personal control, and sense of coherence. As many as 68% of the participants returned to work or participated in job training or work-oriented measures, full- or part-time, after one year. Participants with a longer period of rehabilitation reported better results on occupational competence, and were more likely to participate in paid work, full-time or part-time, one year after rehabilitation. Study outcomes indicate that a longer rehabilitation period in a rehabilitation garden increases the possibility of a return to paid work.
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| 8. |
- Grahn, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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The oxytocinergicsSystem as a mediator of anti-stress and instorative effects induced by nature: the calm and connection theory
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ever more research results demonstrate that human health and wellbeing are positively affected by stays in and/or exposure to natural areas, which leads, among other things, to a reduction in high stress levels. However, according to the studies, these natural areas must meet certain qualities. The qualities that are considered to be most health promoting are those that humans perceive in a positive way. Theories about how natural areas can reduce people’s stress levels and improve their coping skills have mainly focused on how certain natural areas that are perceived as safe reduce the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and consequent reduction of cortisol levels. This article discusses studies containing descriptions of how participants in rehabilitation perceive and react to natural phenomena. The common core variable in the analyzed studies was the experience of calm and connection, and this experience was associated with a reduction in stress levels and with being able to develop health and coping skills. We suggest that this experience provides a possible role for the oxytocinergic system to act as a physiological mediator for the positive and health-promoting effects in humans caused by nature. The theory is mainly based on analogies framed by theories and data from the fields of environmental psychology, horticulture, landscape architecture, medicine, and neuroscience. Oxytocin promotes different kinds of social interaction and bonding and exerts stress-reducing and healing effects. We propose that oxytocin is released by certain natural phenomena experienced as positive to decrease the levels of fear and stress, increase levels of trust and wellbeing, and possibly develop attachment or bonding to nature. By these effects, oxytocin will induce health-promoting effects. In situations characterized by low levels of fear and stress in response to release of oxytocin, the capacity for “growth” or psychological development might also be promoted. Such an instorative effect of nature, i.e., the capacity of nature to promote reorientation and the creation of new coping strategies, might hence represent an additional aspect of the oxytocin-linked effect profile, triggered in connection with certain nature phenomena. We conclude by proposing that the stress-relieving, health-promoting, restorative, and instorative effects of nature may involve activation of the oxytocinergic system.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Guliashvili, Tamaz, et al.
(författare)
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Remarkably Stable Silicon Analogues of Amide Enolates: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Reactivity Studies
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Potassium 2-N,N-dialkylamino-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)silen-2-olates (or amide silenolates, silicon analogues of amide enolates) were synthesized through reaction of N,N-dialkyl-tris(trimethylsilyl)silylmethaneamides with potassium tert-butoxide, and these 2-N,N-dialkylaminosilen-2-olates display remarkable thermal stabilities (e.g., merely 37% decomposition after 8 h at 90 ºC). The crystal structure of one of the potassium 2-N,N-dialkylaminosilen-2-olates, without potassium ion chelating agent, reveals a more pyramidal configuration around the Si atom than found in previously reported silenolates, indicating a strong localization of the negative charge to this atom. The reactivities of the potassium 2-N,N-dialkylaminosilen-2-olates are in part similar to those of previous lithium and potassium silenolates as they are alkylated with MeI at Si. However, they do not react with dienes to yield [4+2] cycloadducts, the customary adducts of silenolates and reverse polarized silenes, but instead initiate anionic diene polymerization. Consequently, they display silyl anion-like rather than silene-like reactivities. Finally, we find that potassium 2-aminosilen-2-olates with N,N-diphenylamino instead of N,N-dialkylamino substitution decompose rapidly to potassium diphenylamide, carbon monoxide, and silylenes. Clearly, if the substituent at the 2-position of a silenolate is able to accept and stabilize negative charge, such as NPh2, then this silenolate will be prone to decompose.
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| 11. |
- Kindström, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Driving forces for and barriers to providing energy services : a study of local and regional energy companies in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - Springer : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 10:1, s. 21-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving energy efficiency is a cornerstone in climate change mitigation, and energy services are portrayed as a promising market-based approach to achieve this. This paper examines the barriers to, and driving forces needed for, the implementation of energy services from the perspective of Swedish local and regional energy companies. This includes an analysis of the resources needed in three phases of energy service implementation, i.e., development, sales, and deployment. The results indicate a supply-side interest in providing energy services, with the major challenges being related to (a) intra-organizational issues such as a lack of strategic direction and intent and (b) a perceived lack of knowledge, interest, and trust on the part of potential energy service customers. The paper concludes with managerial and policy implications on how an increased focus and impact of energy service can be achieved among local and regional companies.
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| 12. |
- Kindström, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Energitjänster i energibolag : ett ökat värdeskapande med kunden i fokus
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med detta projekt var att undersöka förutsättningarna för att öka tjänsteinnehållet på den svenska energimarknaden utifrån ett energibolags perspektiv. Mer konkret omfattar rapporten följande:Beskrivning och analys av implementeringsprocessen av energitjänster hos ett energibolag; detta skedde genom att följa implementeringen av vissa typer av energitjänster. Målet var att ta fram ett ramverk för hur energibolag kan arbeta för att effektivt implementera och leverera utvecklade energitjänster (checklistor, processteg etcetera) samt nyckelkriterier för att vara framgångsrik i detta.Undersökning av vilka typer av avancerade energitjänster som kan utvecklas, och hur (till exempel hur dessa kan paketeras), med utgångspunkt i kundens behov och med kunden som medskapare. Detta skedde genom att identifiera dels de behov och de utmaningar som kunder står inför (oberoende av leverantör), dels de typer av tjänster som har potential att skapa värde (utifrån marknadens behov). Målet var att ta fram en typologi av energitjänster med typiska karaktärsdrag samt även klassificera vilket värde (för både kund och leverantör) som kan skapas. Denna typologi kan användas av energibolag (och andra) vid nyutveckling av tjänster men även vid kundkontakter och strategiutveckling.Beskrivning av de framtida affärsmodeller som är möjliga för att ett energibolag på ett effektivt och lönsamt sätt ska ha potential att utveckla, sälja och leverera energitjänster.Det som gör denna rapport unik är att den ämnar kombinera energitjänsteforskningen med den numera rika flora av vetenskaplig litteratur kopplad till så kallad tjänstefiering. Främst har forskning inom tjänsteinnovation berört tillverkade företags produkt- och tjänsteportföljer. I denna rapport ämnar de rådande teoribildningarna inom forskningsfältet tjänsteinnovationer kopplas till den relativt sätt nya så kallade energitjänstemarknaden men där flera likheter med tillverkande industri finns, till exempel ett traditionellt sett starkt fokus på den produkt som säljs och inte kring tjänster kopplade till produkten.
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| 13. |
- Lindroth, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of drought and meteorological forcing on carbon and water fluxes in Nordic forests during the dry summer of 2018
- 2020
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1810
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic region was subjected to severe drought in 2018 with a particularly long-lasting and large soil water deficit in Denmark, Southern Sweden and Estonia. Here, we analyse the impact of the drought on carbon and water fluxes in 11 forest ecosystems of different composition: spruce, pine, mixed and deciduous. We assess the impact of drought on fluxes by estimating the difference (anomaly) between year 2018 and a reference year without drought. Unexpectedly, the evaporation was only slightly reduced during 2018 compared to the reference year at two sites while it increased or was nearly unchanged at all other sites. This occurred under a 40 to 60% reduction in mean surface conductance and the concurrent increase in evaporative demand due to the warm and dry weather. The anomaly in the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was 93% explained by a multilinear regression with the anomaly in heterotrophic respiration and the relative precipitation deficit as independent variables. Most of the variation (77%) was explained by the heterotrophic component. Six out of 11 forests reduced their annual NEP with more than 50 g C m(-2)yr(-1)during 2018 as compared to the reference year. The NEP anomaly ranged between -389 and +74 g C m(-2)yr(-1)with a median value of -59 g C m(-2)yr(-1). This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
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| 14. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 15. |
- Nehler, Therese, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Including non-energy benefits in investment calculations in industry - empirical findings from Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: ECEEE Industrial Summer Study, 2014. - 9789198048247 - 9789198048254 ; , s. 711-719
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The threat of increased global warming accentuates the need for reducing anthropogenic emissions of GHG (Green House Gases). Improved energy efficiency in industry represents one of the most important means of reducing this threat. Furthermore, improved energy efficiency and cutting energy costs may be key factors for individual enterprises’ long term survival and success because of increased environmental legislation and rise of energy prices. Despite the fact that extensive potentials for improved energy efficiency exists in industry, a large part remains unexploited explained by the existence of various barriers to energy efficiency. The research on barriers is well-developed and regards the non-investment of cost-effective technical measures that improve energy efficiency. In these studies, the actual investment decision is the analysing variable. However, if one extends the system boundary, there are indications that not only the actual reduction of energy cost but also other potential benefits should be taken into account in energy-efficiency investments. Including such factors, named non-energy benefits (NEBs), in the investment calculation mean the investment may have a considerably shorter pay-back period. The aim of this paper is to study if NEBs are considered and measured in energy-efficiency related investments in Swedish industry, and to study factors inhibiting the inclusion of NEBs in investment calculations. Results of this study indicate that NEBs seems to exist in the Swedish industrial companies participating in this study, but only few of the mentioned NEBs were included in investment calculations, explained by among other factors, the hidden cost of monetizing the NEB.
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| 16. |
- Ottosson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nature Archetypes - Concepts Related to Objects and Phenomena in Natural Environments. A Swedish Case
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do people classify nature in ways that can be described as archetypes? Could it be that these can be interpreted as health promotive? More and more researchers today suggest that archetypes can be used to analyze, describe, and develop green spaces. In parallel, an increasing number of research results since the 1980s have shown that human health and well-being are positively affected by stays in certain nature areas. The qualities in these nature areas which stand out to be most health-promoting are interpreted to be properties of nature that humans through evolution are prepared to perceive in a positive way. In this study, 547 respondents in southern Sweden answered a questionnaire on properties in natural areas. Through cluster analysis, these properties have been grouped into 10 types of nature and landscape. The 10 clusters are related to specific phenomena and places in Scandinavian nature, which could be described as archetypal. These natural phenomena and places are discussed, partly based on references to archaic Scandinavian mythology, Scandinavian lifestyle, and cultural canon, and partly on research on evolution, human preferences, and how nature can affect human health. We discuss how these nature archetypes evoke anxiety, fear, and distancing as well as calmness, tranquility, and connection. However, researchers have so far focused on how visits to natural environments have affected the sympathetic nervous system, and not realized the possibility of including the calm and connection system as well as the oxytocin in their explanatory models. In a follow-up article, we intend to develop a model for how the nature archetypes can interact with the calm and connection system.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ottosson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The Significance of Experiences of Nature for People with Parkinson's Disease, with Special Focus on Freezing of Gait-The Necessity for a Biophilic Environment. A Multi-Method Single Subject Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 12, s. 7274-7299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freezing of Gait (FOG) is a common condition in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). FOG entails suddenly experiencing difficulties moving or feeling that one's feet are as glued to the ground. It is triggered, e.g., when passing through doorways. Earlier studies suggest that being in natural environments affects FOG in a positive way. Five subjects were recruited to serve as five single subject cases. We used interviews, observations, questionnaires and collected gait pattern data with aid of an accelerometer. A special designed outdoor setting was used, where we investigated whether passing through hedge openings with or without built elements triggered FOG. We found that no one experienced a FOG reaction when they passed through hedge openings without built elements. However, FOG was triggered when a doorframe was inserted into a hedge opening, and/or when peripheral vision was blocked. We interpret the results such that the doorframe triggered a phobic reflex, causing a freezing reaction. Passing through hedge openings does not trigger FOG, which we interpret as a biophilic reaction. Our results, if repeated in future studies, may have significance to everyday lives of PD patients, who could get a simpler life by consciously prioritizing stays in natural surroundings.
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| 19. |
- Ottosson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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An ultra-wideband system for measuring the dielectric properties of mineral compounds in a heat-reaction chamber at high temperatures
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - : IEEE. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A measurement system for the measurement of microwave dielectric properties of mineral compounds at temperatures up to +1000°C is presented. It includes the simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature. Samples volumes in the range 0.01 to 0.1 m 3 can be studied. The system comprises a heat reaction chamber on a mass scale with mounted ultra-wideband (UWB) radio sensors and temperature probes. The complex refractive index is determined from the UWB signals using a technique with windowing to suppress interference and fitting of a modelled signal to the experimental ones. The developed method is validated by measuring the complex refractive index of water from +82°C down to +23°C and comparing with literature values. The systems is used to study calcination of limestone, i.e. the chemical decomposition of CaCO 3 to CaO and CO 2 when heated up to +1000°C. The chemical decomposition is clearly seen as a decrease in mass and as significant changes in the complex refractive index. The system could be used also for other mineral compounds and other types of materials.
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| 20. |
- Ottosson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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UWB Radio Measurement and Time-Domain Analysis of Anisotropy in Wood Chips
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 18:22, s. 9112-9119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio transmission measurements have been used to determine the moisture content of wood chips using a time domain technique. Wood chips have been found to have birefringent dielectric properties acting as an anisotropic dielectric effective medium. Birefringence in wood chips occurs because of the orientation and the shape of wood chips, and microscopic structures of these objects, like wood fibers. The birefringence gives rise to two different wavefronts along the principal axes that have different dielectric properties. Each wavefront has a specific time-domain signal, that can be used to determine the moisture content. In industrial applications, for example in measurement on wood chips in trucks, the vertical polarization direction is the preferable polarization because this signal has higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which makes the signal more identifiable at longer distance (2-3 m). Thus, UWB radio transmission measurement and time-domain analysis is a robust technology to investigate larger containers of wood chips and to determine the moisture content with high accuracy.
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| 21. |
- Paramonova, Svetlana, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the extended energy efficiency gap : - evidence from Swedish electricity-intensive industries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 51, s. 472-483
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency is one of the major means of reducing CO2 emissions resulting from industrial use of energy. Both from a societal as well as business perspective it is of great importance to reduce industrial energy end use (EEU). The implementation of energy-efficient technologies as well as increased focus on energy management practices has been stated by previous research to be the two most important methods of improved industrial energy efficiency. To date, however, there are few (if any) studies that have analyzed the proportion of industrial energy savings that derive from implementation of new technology versus from continuous energy management practices. By analyzing substantial data from the Swedish PFE program this paper aims to quantify what previously has been referred to as the extended energy efficiency gap. Results show that about 61% of the analyzed 1254 energy efficiency measures are derived from the implementation of new technology, and the rest stems from management and operational measures. The results presented in this paper are of outmost importance for industrial energy managers and energy auditors as well as industrial associations and policy-makers in order to cost-effectively address these no-regret measures.
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| 22. |
- Rohdin, Patrik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficient process ventilation in paint shops in the car industry : Experiences and an evaluation of a full scale implementation at Saab Automobile in Sweden.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ventilation 2012. ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Support processes in industrial energy systems, such as heating, ventilation and cooling systems, are important processes in industrial premises as they are related to energy cost, product quality as well as the indoor environment.In the vehicle production process the paint shop is the most energy intensive part, and about 75% of the energy is used in the ovens and spray booths. The spray booth line, which includes paint application and the oven, uses large quantities of air in order to keep the air quality in an optimal range to achieve the desired paint quality. The approach used in paint shops has up to now been to keep as much of steady state conditions as possible to avoid paint defects due to disturbances in the balance. This means that these high air flows are used also at low and non production hours. There is thus a large potential to increase energy efficiency by controlling the air flow and heating without losing the critical balances. This paper will present an initial post-implementation evaluation of the energy efficiency potential and experiences after running this type of system. CFD has been used to investigate the control strategy.
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| 23. |
- Rönnow, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave complex permittivity and anisotropy of conifer wood chips vs moisture content: experiments and modeling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Wood Science. - : Springer. - 1435-0211 .- 1611-4663. ; 68:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex microwave permittivity-including anisotropy- of wood chips of softwood has been measured for different moisture contents in the band 0.75 to 2.5 GHz using an ultra-wide band radio transmission technique. The real and imaginary parts increase monotonically with moisture content. The wood chips are oriented by gravity, which gives anisotropic permittivity. The anisotropy ratio of the real part increases from 1.1 to 1.6 with moisture content from 0 to 120%. The anisotropy ratio of the imaginary part is around 2.5 at all moisture contents. Effective medium models were used to model the permittivity. The Bruggeman, and two versions of the Maxwell Garnett model gave good results at low moisture content (below the fiber saturation point). Above the fiber saturation point only the Bruggeman model gave results in agreement with experiments. The difference in model performance suggests that the free water does not follow the wood chips geometry.
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| 24. |
- Schulze, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Energy management in industry : a systematic review of previous findings and an integrative conceptual framework
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 112:5, s. 3692-3708
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research points to a large energy efficiency potential in industry which is still left unexploited. One of the most promising means of reducing energy consumption and related energy costs is implementing an energy management. This paper provides a systematic review of existing academic journal publications on energy management in industry. Five essential key elements of an energy management based on overarching themes are identified within the body of literature (strategy/planning, implementation/operation, controlling, organization and culture) and the specific findings relating to each key element are synthesized. Subsequently a conceptual framework of an energy management is developed which illustrates that a comprehensive approach is necessary in order to effectively exploit the existing energy efficiency potential. Finally implications for further research are described.
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| 25. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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An energy-efficient Swedish pulp and paper industry : exploring barriers to and driving forces for cost-effective energy efficiency investments
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 1:1, s. 21-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the need for increased industrial energy efficiency, studies indicate that cost-effective energy efficiency measures are not always implemented, which is explained by the existence of barriers to energy efficiency. This paper investigates whether this holds for the Swedish pulp and paper industry, and if so, investigates the barriers inhibiting and the driving forces stressing cost-effective energy efficiency investments. By so, this case study covers about 2% of the EU-25 industrial end-use of energy. The overall results from a questionnaire show that there is an energy efficiency gap in the sector and that the largest barriers were technical risks such as risk of production disruptions, cost of production disruption/hassle/inconvenience, technology inappropriate at the mill, lack of time and other priorities, lack of access to capital, and slim organization. As regards the driving forces for energy efficiency, the highest ranked driving forces were cost reductions resulting from lower energy use, people with real ambition, long-term energy strategy, the threat of rising energy prices, the electricity certificate system, the PFE. The results show that many of the barriers and driving forces were not solely market-related, e.g., lack of time or other priorities, slim organization, other priorities for capital investments, lack of staff awareness, and long decision chains indicate that firm-specific barriers plays an important role. These barriers may not be overcome by market-related public policy instruments but is rather a consequence of how the energy issue is organized within the firms. The second and the third largest driving forces, people with real ambition and a long-term energy strategy further support this.
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| 26. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Drivkrafter för industrins energianvändning - En litteraturstudie
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport syftar till att ge en överblick av kunskapsläget beträffande vilka faktorersom påverkar industrins energianvändning. Syftet kan delas upp i fyra temaområden:Energipriser och råvaror, Ekonomisk utveckling, Skatter och styrmedel,samt Energieffektivisering. Inom ramen för dessa fyra teman omfattar studien fyraunderkategorier: industrin generellt inklusive internationell forskning inom fältet,svensk industri, järn- och stålindustrin generellt inklusive internationell forskninginom fältet, samt svensk järn- och stålindustri.Den huvudsakliga metoden för uppdragets genomförande har varit en litteraturstudie,där vetenskapliga artiklar i internationella tidsskrifter granskats. För att säkrahög vetenskaplig kvalité har endast ISI-rankade vetenskapliga artiklar valts ut förläsning. Totalt omfattas studien av cirka 240 vetenskapliga artiklar mellan åren 2000till 2012. Initialt granskades artiklarna utifrån titel, och nyckelord, och typ av tidsskrift,för att avgränsa icke relevanta artiklar. Därefter valdes cirka 100 artiklar utför en djupare granskning av primärt artiklarnas sammanfattningar. Totalt valdesutifrån detta cirka 50 artiklar ut för genomläsning och kritisk granskning. Av dessaansågs 30 vara av så stor relevans att de beskrivs mer utförligt i underliggande rapport,se tabell 1. Notera att en artikel kan återfinnas under flera kategorier.I kapitel 8 presenteras en sammanfattning av de studerande artiklarna. Beträffandefaktorer som påverkar svensk järn- och stålindustris energianvändning kan noterasatt inga träffar erhölls enligt studiens sökkriterier och endast två artiklar återfannsbland internationell järn- och stålindustri. Detta accentuerar vikten av framtidaforskning inom området.
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| 27. |
- Thollander, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy management practices in Swedish energy-intensive industries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 18:12, s. 1125-1133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies point out a large (untapped) potential for energy efficiency in industry through the adoption of energy management practices. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze energy management practices in two different Swedish energy-intensive industries: the pulp and paper industry and the foundry industry. The results show that one third of the studied mills and about two fifths of the studied foundries do not allocate energy costs by means of sub-metering, which probably contributes to reinforce the split incentive problem. Moreover, about one fifth of the mills and about half of the foundries lack a long-term energy strategy. The results also show that only about 40% and 25% respectively of the studied mills and foundries may be categorized as successful when it comes to energy management practices. If energy management is not fully prioritized even in energy-intensive industries - such as the studied foundry and pulp- and paper industry it will, in all probability, not be prioritized in less energy-intensive industrial sectors or countries either, indicating a large untapped potential in regard to cleaner, more environmentally sound, production in the industrial sector.
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| 28. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy related outsourcing : - The case of ESCOs in the Swedish pulp and paper industry
- 2011
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Ingår i: First International Technology Management Conference. - : IEEE. - 9781612849515 ; , s. 329-337
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial energy efficiency is stated as a major means of reducing the threat of increased global warming, caused by human use of fossil fuels. Energy service companies (ESCOs) have been expected to play an important role in promoting energy efficiency in different sectors of the economy, including industry. Energy related outsourcing in the complex energy intensive pulp and paper industry, with a continuous production process, represents one of the more challenging types of industrial outsourcing. This paper studies the role of ESCOs as a method to promote energy efficiency in the Swedish pulp and paper industry. A questionnaire was used, complemented by in-depth interviews with mill executives in order to gain more knowledge of the issue. The main conclusion from this paper is that the utilization of ESCOs in the pulp and paper industry is higher in activities with a lower level of energy integration in the production process, and on the contrary, the utilization of ESCOs is lower with a higher level of energy integration in the production process. Since the PPI is a mature industry with a globally well-known and well-spread technique, results from this paper, may plausibly be generalized for PPIs in other countries as well.
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| 29. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring energy management in the Swedish pulp and paper industry : Volume 3
- 2009
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Ingår i: Act! Innovate! Deliver! Reducing energy demand sustainably. - : eceee. - 9789163344541 ; , s. 1051-1058
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish pulp- and paper industry is a considerable user of energy, accounting for about 50 percent of the Swedish industrial energy use and 2 percent of the EU-25 industrial energy use. Its high energy use makes this industry particularly important in terms of energy efficiency. Previous research has emphasised the need for companies’ to have well functioning energy management practices in order to increase energy efficiency. This paper describes and analyses energy management practices in the Swedish pulp and paper industry. A questionnaire was sent out to the person in charge of the energy issue at all Swedish mills and 40 replies were received, a response frequency of 68 percent. The results show that the energy issue has been given increasingly higher priority over the past 10 years. However, in spite of this, overall results from the questionnaire show that there is still potential for improving energy management in the studied industry. More than 20 percent of the studied mills lack a long-term energy strategy, and less than half of the studied mills have an energy strategy covering at least five years. These results indicate that the implementation of a long-term energy strategy in this energy intensive industry, in combination with other means, could be of utmost importance for increasing energy efficiency. In conclusion, based on the research results presented in this paper, a different energy policy design for the industry seems to be needed, which could be very fruitful if it focuses on establishing more efficient energy management practices and includes all energy carriers. Moreove, the fact that more than 20 percent of the studied mills lack a long-term energy strategy and the fact that the Swedish EMS standard does not require such a strategy to be formulated indicates the need for further studies regarding a plausible inclusion of a long-term energy strategy in the EMS standard.
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| 30. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Generella praktiska riktlinjer för framgångsrik energiledning i svensk massa- och pappersindustri
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna studie har bl.a. lett till nya insikter och en fördjupad förståelse för energiledning ur ett styrningsperspektiv. Det finns idag endast ett fåtal studier på energiledning med liknande perspektiv (Schulze et al., 2018, 2016; Virtanen et al., 2013) varför fortsatt forskning starkt rekommenderas. Den multipla fallstudien visade att det finns skillnader i organisering och styrning för energiledning även mellan liknande företag inom samma industri. Dessa skillnader kan till synes härledas till den strategiska riktning respektive företag tagit i sitt energiarbete. Ett ramverk har utvecklats som visar på vilka aktiviteter som bör prioriteras för att möjliggöra för ett proaktivt energiarbete. Fallstudien som fokuserade på investeringsprocessen och dess aktiviteter och procedurer stärker dessa slutsatser: energi bör på operativ nivå integreras som ett kriterium vid investeringar samt på strategisk nivå som en strategisk prioritet.
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