| 1. |
- Golding, H, et al.
(författare)
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CCR5 N-terminal region plays a critical role in HIV-1 inhibition by Toxoplasma gondii-derived cyclophilin-18
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 280:33, s. 29570-29577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular mimicry of chemokine ligands has been described for several pathogens. Toxoplasma gondii produces a protein, cyclophilin-18 (C-18), which binds to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-receptor CCR5 and inhibits fusion and infection of T cells and macrophages by R5 viruses but not by X4 viruses. We recently identified structural determinants of C-18 required for anti-HIV activity (Yarovinsky, F., Andersen, J. F., King, L. R., Caspar, P., Aliberti, J., Golding, H., and Sher, A. ( 2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 53635 - 53642). Here we have elucidated the fine specificity of CCR5 residues involved in binding and HIV inhibitory potential of C-18. To delineate the regions of CCR5 involved in C-18 binding, we analyzed C-18 inhibition of cells expressing CXCR4/CCR5 chimeric receptors and CCR5 with a truncated N terminus (Delta 2-19). These experiments identified a critical role for the N terminus of CCR5 in C-18 binding and anti-HIV activity. Studies with a large panel of CCR5 N-terminal peptides, including Tyr-sulfated analogues, truncated peptides, and alanine-scanning mutants, suggested that each of the 12 - 17 amino acids in the N terminus of CCR5 are essential for C-18 binding and inhibitory activity. Tyr sulfation did not improve C-18 reactivity. This finding is of interest because the same CCR5 N-terminal region was shown previously to play a key role in binding of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The elucidation of the functional C-18-binding mechanism may help in the rational design of novel antiviral agents against HIV.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Janson, A M, et al.
(författare)
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Protective effects of chronic nicotine treatment on lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the male rat
- 1989
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Ingår i: Progress in Brain Research. - 1875-7855. ; 79, s. 257-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present results demonstrate that chronic nicotine treatment can in part protect against mechanically-induced and neurotoxin-induced degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. These results indicate that in sufficient doses chronic treatment with nicotine may be considered in the pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease. It remains to be demonstrated whether these protective actions can be extended to include also other injured neurons such as the cholinergic neurons, known to be severely affected in Alzheimer's disease.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, L.I., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of 6H-SiC(0001)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter). - 0163-1829. ; 53:20, s. 13803-13807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Kannisto, P, et al.
(författare)
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Existence and coexistence of peptides in nerves of the mammalian ovary and oviduct demonstrated by immunocytochemistry
- 1986
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Ingår i: Histochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-5564 .- 1432-119X. ; 86:1, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immunocytochemical distribution of substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied in the ovary and the Fallopian tube (oviduct) of rats, guinea-pigs, cows, pigs and humans. Generally, the nerve supply was better developed in the oviduct than in the ovary. GRP fibers were most scarce in all tissues. Nerves containing SP were particularly numerous in the oviduct of rat and guinea-pig, supplying the muscular wall and blood vessels. VIP and PHI coexisted in dense plexuses of nerves, not only around blood vessels but also in the follicular wall and the interstitial gland of the ovary, as well as within the smooth muscle layers and subepithelially in the oviduct. The general distribution of NPY was similar, but these immunoreactive nerves were even more numerous. Sequential staining for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and NPY together with results of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine suggested that NPY was stored in the noradrenergic sympathetic nerves.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lindahl, Sture, et al.
(författare)
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Powerformer™: A giant Step in Power Plant Engineering
- 1999
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powerformer(R), a new high-voltage generator, was presented by ABB. It offers a direct connection to the power network without the need for a step-up transformer. In a sense, Powerformer incorporates into one unit the functions of both the conventional generator and the step-up transformer. Thanks to its ability to generate electricity at transmission voltage levels, a power plant utilizing Powerformer offers considerable gains with respect to reactive power production and plant efficiency. Thus, Powerformer both facilitates network stability and decreases the exploitation of the natural resources
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Owman, C, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative histochemical distribution of nerve fibres storing noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in human ovary, fallopian tube, and uterus
- 1986
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Ingår i: Medical Biology. - 0302-2137. ; 64:2-3, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nerves containing noradrenaline were studied by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was visualised by immunohistochemistry in the human ovary, Fallopian tube and uterus. All structures were richly supplied with noradrenergic fibres closely associated with the vascular and non-vascular smooth musculature. NPY-containing nerve terminals were consistently fewer, particularly in the ovary. The best developed nerve supply was found in the tubal isthmus and uterine cervix. Vessels were usually innervated by plexuses of nerves, containing NPY as well as noradrenaline. The discrepancy between the number of the two types of histochemically distinguishable nerves suggests that, if noradrenaline and NPY are co-localised in one and the same nerve, this is not a constant phenomenon in the human female reproductive tract.
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| 13. |
- Owman, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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The leukotriene B4 receptor functions as a novel type of coreceptor mediating entry of primary HIV-1 isolates into CD4-positive cells
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 95:16, s. 9530-9534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently cloned human chemoattractant receptor-like (CMKRL)1, which is expressed in vivo in CD4-positive immune cells, has structural homology with the two chemokine receptors C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)5 and C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)4, which serve as the major coreceptors necessary for fusion of the HIV-1 envelope with target cells. In view of the structural similarity, CMKRL1 was tested for its possible function as another HIV-1 coreceptor after stable expression in murine fibroblasts bearing the human CD4 receptor. The cells were infected with 10 primary clinical isolates of HIV-1, and entry was monitored by semiquantitative PCR of viral DNA. The efficiency of the entry was compared with the entry taking place in CD4-positive cells expressing either CCR5 or CXCR4. Seven of the isolates used CMKRL1 for viral entry; they were mainly of the syncytium-inducing phenotype and also used CXCR4. Entry efficiency was higher with CMKRL1 than with CXCR4 for more than half of these isolates. Three of the ten isolates did not use CMKRL1; instead, entry was mediated by both CCR5 and CXCR4. The experiments thus indicate that CMKRL1 functions as a coreceptor for the entry of HIV-1 into CD4-positive cells. In the course of this study, leukotriene B4 was shown to be the natural ligand for this receptor (now designated BLTR), which therefore represents a novel type of HIV-1 coreceptor along with the previously identified chemokine receptors. BLTR belongs to the same general chemoattractant receptor family as the chemokine receptors but is structurally more distant from them than are any of the previously described HIV-1 coreceptors.
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| 14. |
- Schmidt, G, et al.
(författare)
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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the PMSG-primed immature rat ovary and its effect on ovulation in the isolated rat ovary perfused in vitro
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproduction & Fertility. - 0022-4251. ; 90:2, s. 465-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immature rat ovary contains VIP immunoreactive nerve fibres sparsely distributed around blood vessels, in the interstitial gland and around follicles. The VIP concentration, measured radioimmunologically, decreased significantly after PMSG treatment (10 i.u.), probably due to ovarian enlargement and oedema, while the total VIP content (total of 0.12 pmol in both ovaries) did not change after PMSG priming. The ovulatory effect of VIP was studied using in-vitro perfused ovaries from immature 28-day-old rats primed with 10 i.u. PMSG. In all ovaries perfused, VIP (10(-7) M) induced ovulations with a rate of 2.33 +/- 0.56. The ovulation rate was significantly lower than that of ovaries stimulated by LH (0.1 microgram/ml) (5.20 +/- 0.86 ovulations per ovary). No synergistic effect on the ovulation rate was seen when LH and VIP were administered together (5.20 +/- 0.49 ovulations per ovary). The results suggest that the neuropeptide VIP may represent one of the local factors involved in the ovulation process.
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| 15. |
- Stjernquist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical localization of galanin in the rat male and female genital tracts and motor effects in vitro
- 1988
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Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1686 .- 0167-0115. ; 20:4, s. 335-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Galanin, a recently discovered neuropeptide, was studied in the rat male and female reproductive tracts by immunocytochemistry and in vitro pharmacology. Nerve fibers containing galanin immunoreactivity were most abundant in the female paracervical tissue, where they surrounded non-immunoreactive ganglion cells. Galanin nerves were also found in the uterus and Fallopian tubes, as well as in the vas deferens. When tested in vitro galanin contracted the smooth muscle of both the uterine horn and cervix. Galanin also slightly potentiated the response to electrical field stimulation in preparations from the uterine cervix and vas deferens, but it had no effect on the seminal vesicle. Galanin-(1-10), an N-terminal residue of galanin, also contracted the uterine horn, though higher concentrations were required. The neurally induced contractions were not influenced by galanin-(1-10) in any of the smooth muscle preparations tested. The muscle receptors mediating the direct contractile effects in the uterine horn seem to require the N-terminus of galanin, while the neuromodulatory effects on the electrically induced contractile activity seem to need the C-terminal part or the whole galanin molecule. Galanin may thus function as a neuromediator in the rat male and female genital organs.
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