| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bengtson, Anna, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Adding a political dimension to business research
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Business Environment. - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. - 1740-0589 .- 1740-0597. ; 2:4, s. 391-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Bengtson, Anna, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Political embeddedness of technological development : The IgY case
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Business Environment. - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. - 1740-0589. ; 2:4, s. 418-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of the political environment, not the least from supranational entities such as the European Union (EU), is increasingly affecting firms. A common theme among politicians at all levels is the importance of stimulating entrepreneurship and technological development. In research on business networks and technological devlopment, however, this impact has so far attained rather limited attention. In this article, focus is on business-political interaction and its importance for technological development in a small entrepreneurial firm within life science. It is shown that the development process within the firm cannot be explained if the political dimension is not explicitly taken into consideration. Hence, it is suggested that the business-political dimension should be more mphasised in business network studies.
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| 6. |
- Bengtson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Political entrepreneurship in new small ventures : The case of IMS
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing. - 1742-5360 .- 1742-5379. ; 3:1, s. 26-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces the view of political entrepreneurship, which is based on the development of unique interaction with political units to assist firms in their business. Based on a business network perspective, the aim is to develop a theoretical frame for analysis of this interaction. The question raised is how small entrepreneurs can develop relationships with political units in order to strengthen their business opportunities. Relationship commitment and knowledge are introduced as managerial elements determining the firms' influential and adaptive behaviour. A case study of a new venture in life science is used to illustrate the reasoning. The results manifest how even small firms can use their resources and knowledge to develop specific relationships with political units that support their business efforts. Issues related to loosely coupled relationships are brought forward as a theoretical foundation to aid the understanding of political entrepreneurship.
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| 7. |
- Bengtson, Anna, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Small firms' interaction with political organizations in the European Union
- 2009
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 38:6, s. 687-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About 99% of all firms in the European Union are small, and politicians are increaslingly emphasizing their importance for job creation, technological development and prosperity. Consequently, the political focus is on these firms and a large number of decisions influencing their business activities are constantly taken by political actors at various levels. The aim of this article is to investigate small firms´interaction with political organizations in the EU. Previous studies have shown that these firms have been obliged to follow the coercive political decisions of the EU´s political units. In this paper, however, we identify some changes which demonstrate political support and influence by small firms. Based on case study approach as well as data from a Swedish survey, four propositions concerning small firms´interaction patterns within the political context of the EU will be highlighted and further discussed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bengtson, Anna, 1968-
(författare)
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The Business Network Approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: Theories and Perspectives in Business Administration. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Engwall, Lars, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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The development of IB as a scientific field
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Business Review. - : Elsevier. - 0969-5931 .- 1873-6149. ; 27:5, s. 1080-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International business (IB) is today an established field in business studies with two professional associations and numerous academic publications. However, it is much younger than many other fields in the management area. Although economists were focusing on international issues even before, it was not until after the Second World War that IB started to emerge as a scientific field. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this development from the early days up to the present time. In so doing, using a theoretical framework, it focuses on the organizing of the field, i.e. how early informal contacts eventually led to the formation of formal organizations, the launching of journals, and with the passage of time the publishing of handbooks. The paper provides empirical evidence of all these steps. In this way it presents data on significant contributions to the field.
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| 12. |
- Engwall, Lars, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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The Emergence of the Business Network Approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Extending the Business Network Approach. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137537638 - 9781137537652 ; , s. 21-38
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relationships between commercial actors have existed for thousands of years as highlighted by Hadjikhani and LaPlaca (2013) and Hadjikhani in the final chapter of this volume. However, research on relationships between business actors, often summarised under headings such as industrial marketing or B2B, has a more recent origin. In the words of Hadjikhani and LaPlaca (2013: 294), relationship research ‘existed in society but had little scientific identity or inquiry’. This is even truer for research on wider relationship systems, that is, business networks. However, as will be demonstrated in the present volume, the situation in the beginning of the twenty-first century is quite different. Research on business networks is lively and manifested by a large number of publications. A search for ‘business networks’ in the databases SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI and A&HCI for all years until 2015 (with the restriction that the journals publishing the papers should be classified in the Subject Category ‘Business & Economics’ in all 156 journals) resulted in 553 hits, with the first papers published in 1992. Publications then did not accelerate until the early twenty-first century with an all-time high in 2012 of 70 hits, and somewhat lower figures in the following years. However, it should be noted that the 2015 figures merely refer to the first part of the year (Fig. 2.1) and will increase.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson Lindvall, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Academic leadership in theory and practice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Exploring the Worlds of Mercury and Minerva. - Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. - 9789155475451 ; , s. 363-374
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hadjikhani, Amjad, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Business and Socio-Political Interaction in International Service Projects : The Case of Brazil
- 2019
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Ingår i: MIR: Management International Review. - : Gabler Verlag/GWV Fachverlage GmbH. - 0938-8249 .- 1861-8901. ; 59:1, s. 171-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building on a business network perspective, the aim of this paper is to present a theoretical view for studying service MNEs in ICT (information communication technology) projects centred on the improvement of public services. The four inter-related concepts of cooperation, legitimacy, commitment and knowledge are applied in the analysis of two projects. Defining the projects as object-based services, the study manifests how service MNEs manage three types of actors (business, politi-cal and social) having their legitimacy in different systems. The cases illustrate cross-border activities where MNEs from Sweden, Spain and China join forces in Brazil with local business, social and political actors and cooperate to strengthen their competitive market position. The study concludes that successful cooperation is partially explained by the management’s ability to incorporate business resources into the needs of the socio-political actors. Furthermore, in object-based services, which are not similar to long-term business relationships, the three involved par-ties advance different types of relationships within a loose network structure. A key implication is that extensive public–private relationships are needed even when MNEs enjoy an established position in a foreign market.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lagerström, Katarina, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperating while competing in multinational corporations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Competition: What it is and Why it Happens. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780192898012 - 0192652869 ; , s. 176-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we investigate the organization of competition among subunits in multinational corporations (MNCs) with the intent to explore how headquarters encourages and organizes for competition and when and why competition is handled by subunits that cooperate. The organization of competition by headquarters among the subunits is characterized by special conditions due to the formal hierarchical organization and access to legitimate tools to instil competition. Competition arises around three sources: allocation of resources, system position and headquarters attention, and the allocation of subsidiary mandates. Empirical findings from six MNCs are used to illustrate the adoption of cooperative and non-cooperative behaviours among subunits as outcomes of headquarters implementation of different tools to organize for competition. The findings also show that headquarters is not only a fourth-but also a third-party as it adjudicates many of the competitive situations that it organizes among its units.
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| 19. |
- Lagerström, Katarina, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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The Competition-Cooperation Interplay for Knowledge Development : A Headquarters-Subsidiary Perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Strategy and Management.. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1755-425X .- 1755-4268. ; 16:2, s. 362-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeIn this paper, the authors contribute with insights on competition and cooperation in multinational enterprises with a focus on challenges related to these governance mechanisms in a knowledge development context. The mechanisms have been widely recognized as important for developing knowledge, but their contradicting nature implies considerable complexity when it comes to governance. The complexity is further increased as a result of the headquarters-subsidiary relationships. The aim of this paper is to contribute with theoretical and empirical insights on these aspects by focusing on the research question: How and why does competition and cooperation in an MNE emerge over time?Design/methodology/approachA manufacturing MNE with headquarters (HQ) in Sweden is analyzed on both HQ and subsidiary levels. Interviews with 24 managers in Sweden and India have been performed.FindingsThe study illustrates that competition and cooperation are integral aspects in HQ-subsidiary relationships. The results show that both competition and cooperation depend on environmental, organizational and object-related conditions and that these conditions influence the dynamics of the interplay. The importance of including a subsidiary perspective and the interdependencies in an MNE setting are emphasized.Originality/valueThe authors add to the discussion on the interplay between competition and cooperation as they play an important role for knowledge development in MNEs. The results indicate that they do not take place simultaneously, and therefore, the authors suggest that the dynamic can be better understood by focusing on the interplay and analyze the concepts separately.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Leite, Emilene, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A Network View on Business-Political Interaction for Sustainable Development : The Cases of ICT Projects in Brazil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business. - : Academy of International Business. ; , s. 11-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there are extensive researches focused on MNCs’ activities in both developed and developing markets, there are limited studies on how MNCs manage their relationships with political actors in emerging countries. This paper aims to contribute new knowledge on how MNCs, trough sustainable development projects, manage their relationships with political actors. Two comparative cases illustrating the application of ICT (Information Communication Technology) projects applied to cities in Brazil are analyzed. The network relationships include the elements of legitimacy, cooperation and knowledge. The study reveals the complexity in the interactions between the actors and indicates that legitimacy and knowledge in the business-political relationships are vital to turn challenges into opportunities. Our study contributes with knowledge not only to the research community but also to practitioners, who thus gain a more systematic understanding of their relationships in the political arena.
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| 22. |
- Leite, Emilene, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Public-Private Cooperation for Social Innovation : The Case of MNEs Involvement in the Development of the Smart City Concept in Brazil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the European International Business Academy. - 9788864930428
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper discusses multinational enterprises (MNEs) socio-political behavior in a foreign market. In specific, the aim is to increase the understanding of how service MNEs from the ICT (information communication technology) industry, through social innovation projects oriented to improve public service in cities, deal with society and public officials in Brazil. A conceptual framework containing the four concepts cooperation, legitimacy, commitment and knowledge is applied for the analysis. Based on a single case the paper illustrates cross border activities where MNEs from Sweden, Spain and China join effort with local actors to strengthen their competitive market position. Our results reveal that an important strategy used by service MNEs is to get involved in cooperative social innovation projects involving business and socio-political actors. Successful cooperation is partially explained by the managements’ ability to incorporate the business resources with the needs of the socio-political actors. The key implication is that extensive public-private networking is needed even when MNEs enjoy an established position in a foreign market.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Leite, Emilene, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The cooperation-competition interplay in the ICT industry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 33:4, s. 495-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Building on a business network perspective, the paper addresses the following question: Why do firms move between cooperation and competition in the context of high-tech industry? Hence, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the complex cooperation–competition interplay between actors in a business network.Design/methodology/approach: A single case study within the information and communication technology industry is undertaken and illustrates the cooperation–competition interplay in projects of technology.Findings: The authors discuss the implications of interdependence on relationship dynamics. The main argument is that business relationships survive despite periods of competition if interdependence is high. Thus, firms move between a state of cooperation and a state of competition within business relationships, rather than ending the relationships when starting to compete.Practical implications: This study suggests that managers need to pay attention to how different degrees of interdependence lead firms to be embedded in cooperative or competitive forms of relationships.Originality/value: The paper contributes to the ongoing debate about cooperation, competition and coopetition within international business and industrial marketing literature. An interesting aspect in the paper is the cooperation–competition interplay, which is associated with positioning. A centrally positioned actor will choose who to bring into the partnership, with positioning concomitantly changing from project to project. The willingness of being a central actor, i.e. a project leader, places traditional buyer–supplier partners in competition. Thus, cooperation and/or competition becomes contextual.
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| 25. |
- Leite, Emilene, et al.
(författare)
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The Inclusion of Business and Nonbusiness Actors in Innovation Networks
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper aims to examine why innovations through networks emerge and how such innovations are configured. To address this, we examine two cases of IoT (internet of things) technologies applied on public services, i.e., Smart City development in Brazil. We demonstrate that innovation networks emerge because multinational enterprises (MNEs) in their constant need for innovation have limitations to pursuit and integrate complex knowledge on their own and for that reason cooperation with other actors becomes crucial. We describe and analyze a dynamic and complex process in which the MNEs’ searching-acting-convincing on an opportunity requires the inclusion of many actors. In particular the findings show that innovation is not limited to the traditional businessto business relationships but it can also arise from non-business actors such as NGOs and local government in both the development and implementation phase
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ljung, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Subsidiary Strategy Processes in Latin America
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Business Review. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0955-534X .- 1758-7107. ; 27:5, s. 535-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how network relationships, with business as well as with non-business actors, affect each other and have an impact on strategy processes in subsidiaries in Latin America.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative approach is used in which a new strategy in a European multinational company (MNC) is studied at the subsidiary level in Brazil and Argentina. The authors discuss why the strategic processes are so different within the same MNC. During 2009-2011, 50 interviews were conducted with respondents in Latin America and at headquarters.Findings– The results point to the importance of including relationships with both business and non-business actors to understand the subsidiary strategy processes. The authors suggest that such processes can be explained by interdependent relationships in a wider network context characterised by commitment and trust, leading to increased legitimacy among the actors involved.Practical implications– Managers need to invest in relationships not only with business counterparts but also with non-business actors, as they are interdependent and vital for the strategy development.Originality/value– Relationships between firms and actors such as governments and civil society are still under-researched, although they are essential, especially in emerging economies. The paper puts focus on network relationships in strategy research and contributes to the development of business network theory by extending the network to also include relationships with such non-business actors and relate it to strategy processes. There is also a contribution to research on corporate social responsibility activities with a specific focus on Latin America.
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| 28. |
- Mäkelä, Kristiina, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting the Challenges of Globalization in Order to Make a Difference : Implications for teams and team leadership
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research Handbook of Global Leadership. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781782545347 - 9781782545354 ; , s. 91-107
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we suggest that globalization of businesses brings with it three new challenges that teams need to face. These include an increase in the number of internal and external stakeholders to manage; the need to interact across more and different types of boundaries; and an increasing necessity to integrate local responsiveness and global coordination. We focus on how these new globalization challenges impact teams in general and team leadership in particular, and how team leaders can make a difference by developing specific capabilities to address them.
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| 29. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Pahlberg, Cecilia, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between MNCs, Political Units and NGOs : The Case of Ericsson's CSR Strategy in Latin America
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 54 th Annual Meetingof the Academy of International Business.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Relationships between firms, governments and NGO's have in recent years attained increased interest. Not leastwhen it comes to activities in emerging markets, interaction among these counterparts become vital. Applying abusiness network perspective, this paper will focus on how a multinational company (Eriksson) interact withpolitical counterparts, NGOs and other firms when it comes to their CSR strategy. Given the importance ofemerging markets in the world economy today, and the lack of focus on Latin America in emerging economystudies, Ericsson's subsidiaries in the emerging economies Argentina and Brazil are chosen as study objects.Differences between the networks in the two countries are discussed and the cases point to the importance ofincluding relationships with both business and non-business actors in the analysis in order to understand thedevelopment of the firm's CSR strategy.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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