| 1. |
- Pajalic, Oleg, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation by elderly people living at home of the prepared meals distributed by their municipality - a study with focus on the Swedish context.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global journal of health science. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9744 .- 1916-9736. ; 7:3, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prepared meals distributed by municipalities is a service to elderly people, or persons with health related impairments, who live in their own home, have difficulties preparing their own food and cannot meet their food requirements in any other way. This study aimed to provide a brief picture of how elderly people living at home perceive the food they receive through their municipal food service and what is important to them. The data was collected using questionnaires. 274 out of 276 participants answered the questionnaire (n=173 women 62% and n=101 man 37%). The data was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the elderly persons receiving meals through the service were often satisfied, especially with the size of the portions and the delivery time. Those who had been using the food delivery service for a longer time were not satisfied with the alternative dishes they were been offered. There was no significant difference between the views of either gender. Further, those who were receiving special food were, in general, unsatisfied with the meals delivered. Development of the food distribution service by systematic quality insurance and interactive knowledge exchange between the producers and consumers seems to be a way to promote a more holistic and individual adjusted service. Evaluation of the municipal FD service is a powerful tool that can contribute to the development of this service. The food service can be improved and consequently even the quality of life and health of its receivers. The present survey should be revisited and developed in order to detect differences between genders.
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| 2. |
- Pajalic, Zada, et al.
(författare)
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Women's education and profession midwifery in Nordic countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Sciences. - : University of Sarajevo Faculty of Health Sciences. - 2232-7576 .- 1986-8049. ; 9:3, s. 127-135
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Help at birth is one of the historically oldest volunteers supports that a woman has offered to another woman. One of the reasons for high maternal and infant mortality was identified as a lack of basic medical knowledge among the woman who helped during birth and this required immediate action to secure the survival of nations. When the Church and government made demands for education and professional license, the voluntary help at birth transformed into an educated and paid profession for women. The study aimed to describe the evolution of women’s education and the midwifery profession in Nordic countries from the 1600s until today. Methods: Historical and contemporary documents, research and grey literature, are drawn together to provide a historical description of the midwifery professional development and education in Nordic countries. Results: In the Nordic countries, governments from the 1600s had significant problems with high maternal and infant mortality. Most vulnerable were unmarried women and their children. To change the trend, northern countries had been inspired by France, Holland, England, and Germany, which had introduced education and a professional license for midwives. The targeted and systematic investment in midwifery education, followed by industrialization and welfare development in Nordic countries, has resulted in one of the highest survival rates for mothers and infants in the world today. In parallel with this, it has created the first female paid profession in history. Today, midwifery education is at the university level in all Nordic countries, and the certified midwife is responsible for pre- and post-natal care and normal birth. In Sweden, Norway, and Iceland, the midwife’s responsibility also includes contraception counseling and prescription of drugs for birth control purposes. Conclusions: The education and professional licenses have contributed to a progressively improved care of birth women and infants. The professional and licensed midwife is positioned in society as an essential player in the current development of pre- and post-natal care. Furthermore, the graduated and licensed midwife positioned herself as the first paid professional female profession in modern history.
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| 3. |
- Achour, Abdenour, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Towards stable nickel catalysts for selective hydrogenation of biomass-based BHMF into THFDM
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-3437 .- 2213-2929. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective transformation of BHMF (2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan) to THFDM (tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dimethanol) over a variety of structured Ni/Sx-Z1−x catalysts was investigated. The effects of support, Ni loading, solvent, temperature, pressure, and particle size on the conversion and selectivity were studied. Among them, the 10 wt% Ni catalyst supported on the SiO2:ZrO2 weight ratio of 90:10 (10NiS90Z10) exhibits the best performance in terms of BHMF conversion and THFDM selectivity. Its good performance was attributed to its well-balanced properties, that depend upon the ZrO2 content of the support in combination with SiO2, the active Ni sites-support interaction, and acidity/basicity ratio of each catalyst resulting in different Ni dispersions. Importantly, the 10NiS90Z10 catalyst showed a stable selectivity to THFDM (>94%), with 99.4% conversion of BHMF during 2 h reaction time. Poor catalytic activity resulted from excessive ZrO2 content (>10 wt%). The structural, textural, and acidity properties of NiSi100−y-Zry catalysts, tuned by selectively varying the Ni amount from 5 to 15 wt%, were critically investigated using numerous material characterization techniques. Catalyst recycling experiments revealed that the catalyst could be recycled several times without any measurable loss of catalytic activity.
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| 4. |
- Di, Wei, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Modulating the Formation of Coke to Improve the Production of Light Olefins from CO2 Hydrogenation over In2O3 and SSZ-13 Catalysts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 37:22, s. 17382-17398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moderately acidic aluminophosphates (SAPOs) are often integrated with methanol synthesis catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to olefins, but they suffer from hydrothermal decomposition. Here, an alternative SSZ-13 zeolite with high hydrothermal stability is synthesized and coupled with an In2O3 catalyst in a hybrid system. Its performance regarding selectivity for olefins and coke formation was investigated for CO2 hydrogenation under varying temperatures and pressures. Various reactions occur, producing mainly CO and different hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the hydrogenation of hydrocarbons are dominant at high temperatures (around 400 °C) over SSZ-13 zeolite with a high acid density and that the coke deposition rate is slow. Polymethylbenzenes are the main coke species, but the selectivity for light olefins is low among hydrocarbons at high temperatures. However, at low temperatures (around 325 °C), and especially under high pressure (40 bar), methanol disproportionation becomes significant. This results in an increased selectivity for light olefins; however, it also leads to a rapid coke deposition, which gives inactive adamantanes as the main coke species that block the pores and cause rapid deactivation. However, after coking at 325 °C and regeneration at 400 °C under the reaction atmosphere, the accumulated adamantanes can be decomposed into smaller coke species, which reopens the channel structure and generates modulated active sites within the zeolite, resulting in a higher yield of olefins without deactivation. The performances of acidic SSZ-13 zeolites, with varying ratios of Si/Al in transient experiments, further verified that a dynamic balance exists between the formation and degradation of coke within the SSZ-13 zeolite during a long-term CO2 hydrogenation reaction. This balance can be achieved by optimizing the reaction conditions to match the acid density of the catalyst. Using the conditions of 20 bar and 375 °C, with a H2 to CO2 mole ratio of 3, the results obtained for the precoked hybrid catalysts of In2O3 and SSZ-13 (Si/Al = 25) exhibited very stable activity, with the selectivity for light olefins (based on hydrocarbons formed) of max. 70% after 100 h time-on-stream. This work provides new insights into the design of stable hybrid catalysts, especially the influence of a precoking process for SSZ-13 zeolite in the production of light olefins.
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| 5. |
- Erlandsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Purification process for trimethylolethane
- 1996
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Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A process for combined recovery and purifn. of trimethylolethane from aq. reactions mixts. obtained by reacting formaldehyde with propionic aldehyde in the presence of a metal hydroxide comprises a no. of steps including evapg. the reaction mixt. allowing only trimethylolethane to at least partially crystallize as crude trimethylolethane, evapg. remaining water, heating obtained reaction mixt. and/or obtained crude trimethylolethane, and sublimating trimethylolethane for recovery as purified product
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| 6. |
- Ho, Hoang Phuoc, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the Preparation Methods on the Physicochemical Properties of Indium-Based Catalysts and Their Catalytic Performance for CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 38:6, s. 5407-5420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indium oxides (In2O3) and indium oxides supported zirconia (ZrO2) have been known possible alternatives for conventional copper-based catalysts in the CO2-hydrogenation to methanol. This study aims to investigate the effect of preparation techniques on the physicochemical properties of indium-based materials and their catalytic performance for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Two series of both single oxide In2O3 and binary In2O3-ZrO2 have been synthesized by combustion, urea hydrolysis, and precipitation with different precipitating agents (sodium carbonate and ammonia/ethanol solution). Physicochemical properties of materials are characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, N2 physisorption, SEM/EDX, micro-Raman, XPS, H2-TPR, and CO2-TPD. Cubic In2O3 was the common phase generated by all four synthesis methods, except for urea hydrolysis, where rhombohedral In2O3 was additionally present. The combustion method produced the materials with the lowest specific surface areas while the precipitation using ammonia/ethanol aided in creating more oxygen defects. The synthesis methods strongly influenced the degree of interaction between the oxides and resulted in improvements in properties that boosted the catalytic performance of the binary oxides compared to their single-oxide counterparts.
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| 7. |
- Le, Q.K., et al.
(författare)
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Dividing wall columns for heterogeneous azeotropic distillation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Research and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-8762 .- 1744-3563. ; 99, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work is to implement heterogeneous azeotropic distillation schemes in a dividing wall column (DWC) for a feed mixture of water (W), acetic acid (HAC) and an organic component (X). The original design makes use of X to act as an entrainer to facilitate the separation of water and HAC, and we also propose a DWC design based on this idea. This DWC design reduces the capital cost, but the energy usage is almost unchanged. To achieve energy savings and further reductions in capital costs, we need to use a Petlyuk DWC. We introduce isobutyl acetate (IBA) as an additional entrainer for the Petlyuk DWC, and achieve energy savings of about 20%.
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| 8. |
- Pajalic, Oleg, 1964
(författare)
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BIOCHEMICALS, BIOMATERIALS, AND BIOINNOVATIONS – WHAT CAN WE GET FROM BIOMASS
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION Environmental resources, sustainable development and food production OPORPH – 2015 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina November 12-13, 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental changes and oil price has triggered an increased interest in bio-based energy, chemicals and materials in the last decades. Thou the oil price have been dropped recently due to new findings, the transformation towards bio-based economy will continue. EU has pumped hundred millions of EURO in sustainability related research and innovation projects. Sweden has followed the pattern and has been pushed towards the green economy by establishing the vision to create and develop a bio-based economy in the first half of the twenty-first century. Sweden is rich with non-edible bio-mass i.e. forest. Traditionally the forest was used in pulp and paper industry, but digitalization boom requires paradigm shift. Green materials and green chemicals were identified as a big potential. Ambitious research was started supported by Swedish government and industry. Some of the industrial initiatives are:-The new research agenda, NRA 2020, is the collective assessment of Swedish forest-based industries regarding research, development and demonstration, which is necessary for the sector to be able to contribute to achieving. - Chemical cluster in Western Sweden started an initiative called Sustainable Chemistry 2030 with the vision that their business will be based on renewable feedstock and energy and contribute to sustainable society.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Pajalic, Oleg, 1964
(författare)
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Optimization of complex chemical continuous processes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Aspentech OPTIMIZE 2015 Conference, Boston, USA, 4-8 May 20015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presentation will give a prospective about usage of rigorous dynamic models from industrial perspective. Chemical industry is faced to rapid changes where the automation in combination with more intensified, flexible and compact processes and diversified products, based on renewable raw-materials, will play utmost important role. Dynamic modeling and simulation of chemical processes have historically been used in process control, process design and especially of batch processes, though in recent years in Operating Training Simulators (OTS). Future usage of dynamic simulation will include besides process control of fast transient processes and OTS even areas that links Business and Process Operations.In my presentation I will show few industrial examples in areas such as Hysis usage in OTS,its pros and cons comparable to some other simulator packages , optimization of processes in simulation environment, both in dynamic and steady state regimes, as well as example of optimization of product storage and buffers tanks.
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| 11. |
- Samuelsson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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METHOD FOR EXTRACTION IN A PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF A DI, TRI OR POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOL
- 2006
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Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A process for production of an allyl and/or methallyl ether of a tri or polyhydric alcohol is disclosed. Said process comprises (i) subjected at least one cyclic formal of a tri or polyhydric alcohol to allylation, (ii) subjecting obtained allyl and/or methallyl ether of said cyclic formal to reaction with at least one alcohol and optionally an intermediate and/or a final purification step. In further aspects the present invention refers to an allyl and/or methallyl ether yielded in said process.
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| 12. |
- Yamanee-Nolin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of an oscillating two-stage evaporator system through modelling and simulation: An industrial case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 2283-9216. ; 69, s. 481-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing demands on the industry for resource efficiency, processes are often built or retrofitted with recycle streams in order to decrease energy and raw material demands. However, this also increases the complexity of the process as a whole and may bring unexpected effects. In this contribution, such a case, consisting of a two-stage evaporator system, fed with the product stream of an upstream batch system and a continuous recycling stream from downstream separation processes, was analyzed. This evaporator system was subject to potentially performance-limiting oscillating disturbances. The purpose of this study was to, through modelling and simulation, expand the knowledge of the system by analyzing the system dynamics, and to discover any co-oscillations and their extent in the process, as well as their effect on process parameters such as product purity and the energy usage in terms of steam consumption. The investigation was performed by modelling using Aspen Plus Dynamics. Simulation, data-extraction, and analysis was performed via a COM enabled Python interface. The results of the study highlight the full-system propagation of oscillations along with co-oscillation of selected key parameters, and support the conclusion that there is potential for cost-reductions by decreasing steam consumption by 1.1 %, without any investments.
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| 13. |
- Yamanee-Nolin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Single-shooting optimization of an industrial process through co-simulation of a modularized Aspen Plus Dynamics model
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Aided Chemical Engineering. - 1570-7946. - 9780128186343 ; 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Python Module Coupler (PyMoC) is a tool for co-simulation of Aspen Plus Dynamics modules that together make up an overall process flowsheet. The tool requires only user input in the form of file paths to Aspen Plus Dynamics modules, and it is able to automatically make the required connections there between, and keep track of the simulation whilst updating the streams regularly. This contribution briefly discusses the implementation and mechanisms of PyMoC, and then applies it to a multi-module, single-shooting constrained optimization problem, where an industrial set-up consisting of an evaporator system coupled to a distillation column is studied. This serves as a showcase of PyMoC's functionality and usability, as well as its potential in serving as a helpful tool for practitioners of model-based studies who could benefit from modularizing their models. Utilizing PyMoC for this purpose, the optimization results indicate that the operating costs induced from the steam consumption can be reduced by 54% compared to a nominal operating case, but a holistic, full-process study is necessary to understand the full set of possibilities, causes, and effects.
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| 14. |
- Yamanee-Nolin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectory optimization of an oscillating industrial two-stage evaporator utilizing a Python-Aspen Plus Dynamics toolchain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Research and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-8762 .- 1744-3563. ; 155, s. 12-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaporators are integral parts of many separation processes across production industries, and they need to be well understood in order to be operated well, thereby enabling high resource-efficiency and productivity. In a previous investigation, the effects of disturbing oscillations in a two-stage evaporator system were quantified. In the current study, these oscillations were reduced through trajectory optimization using steam consumption as a temporally discretized decision variable, taking advantage of a dynamic process flowsheet model in Aspen Plus Dynamics (APD) employed as if it were a black-box model. The optimization was performed utilizing a Python-APD toolchain with the SciPy implementation of COBYLA. The optimal trajectory was able to successfully reduce the objective function value (including the product stream mass flow variance and a bang-bang penalty on the trajectory itself) to slightly less than 0.3 % of that of the nominal case, in which a time-invariant steam consumption was employed. This in turn grants opportunities to increase throughput of the process, leading to significant financial gains.
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| 15. |
- Yamanee-Nolin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Unbiased Selection of Decision Variables for Optimization
- 2017
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Ingår i: 27 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. - 1570-7946. - 9780444639653 ; 40, s. 253-258
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex chemical processes require complex simulation models. Selecting decision variables for optimization is increasingly difficult. This paper presents a study of a Subset Selection Algorithm (SSA) applied to the selection of decision variables to facili-tate a reduction of the decision variable combination sets to consider for a process designer, aimed towards improving said selection, optimization, and thereby resource efficiency. The results help conclude that SSA is able to reduce the consideration set of decision variable combinations for the process designer, and selects combination sets that are more effective in terms of minimizing the objective.
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