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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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'More cure and less control' or 'more care and lower costs'? Recent changes in services for problem drug users in Stockholm and Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; 16:6, s. 479-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with the development of drug services in Stockholm, Sweden since the mid-1990s. Initially, data were collected as part of a European Union comparative study of the development of drug services in six major European cities. However, the present article uses these data to analyse to what extent the traditional 'Swedish model' of dealing with narcotic drugs can be said to have come to a crossroad. The article describes and analyses changes in drug use, and in the structure, organization and utilization of social services based, as well as healthcare-based drug services in Stockholm during the past decade. As pointed out in the article, the 'drug-free society' is still the ultimate goal of Swedish drug policy. However, as the Stockholm example hints, when it comes to the care and treatment of individual drug problems, there seems to be an on-going shift, from in-patient treatment towards measures such as substitution treatment, outpatient care and housing. The article discusses whether these changes signify a softening of Sweden's restrictive drug policy, or whether they rather point to a 're-medicalization' of drug services, and shift in focus from 'cure' and social re-integration towards a focus on 'care' and on attempts to avoid 'public nuisance'.
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| 8. |
- Berner, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Five-factor model, technology enthusiasm and technology anxiety
- 2023
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Ingår i: Digital Health. - : Sage Publications. - 2055-2076. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults need to participate in the digital society, as societal and personal changes and what they do with the remaining time that they have in their older years has an undeniable effect on motivation, cognition and emotion. Changes in personality traits were investigated in older adults over the period 2019–2021. Technology enthusiasm and technology anxiety are attitudes that affect the relationship to the technology used. The changes in the score of technology enthusiasm and technology anxiety were the dependent variables. They were investigated with personality traits, age, gender, education, whether someone lives alone, cognitive function, digital social participation (DSP) and health literacy as predictors of the outcome. The Edwards-Nunnally index and logistic regression were used. The results indicated that DSP, lower age, lower neuroticism and higher education were indicative of less technology anxiety. High DSP and high extraversion are indicative of technology enthusiasm. DSP and attitude towards technology seem to be key in getting older adults to stay active online.
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| 9. |
- Johansson Kostenniemi, Urban, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Reductions in otitis and other respiratory tract infections following childhood pneumococcal vaccination
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 107:9, s. 1601-1609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Streptococcus pneumoniae commonly causes respiratory tract infections including acute otitis media and pneumonia. In this study, we evaluated the impact of general infant pneumococcal vaccination, introduced in Sweden in 2009, on respiratory tract infections.METHODS: We studied the incidence of respiratory tract infections and antibiotic consumption in Västerbotten County, Sweden, during 2005-2014 using the County Council's diagnosis register.RESULTS: Comparing the prevaccination period of 2005-2008 to 2014, the incidences of all-cause acute otitis media decreased significantly in children aged 0-4 and five years to 17 years, by 41.5% and 20.9%, respectively. In addition, we also noted significant reductions in sinusitis and other upper respiratory tract infections, and some reductions in adults. Antibiotic consumption for upper respiratory tract infections decreased by 37.1%, with the largest decrease occurring in children aged 0-4 years. For pneumonia, the incidence significantly decreased by 28.6% for children aged 0-4 years, with no significant changes in older children or adults.CONCLUSION: Pneumococcal vaccination was followed by reduced incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and antibiotic consumption in vaccinated children, with some indications of possible herd immunity. For pneumonia, a major reduction was noted limited to the youngest children.
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| 10. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lindblom, Lars, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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How agencies inspect : a comparative study of inspection policies in eight Swedish government agencies
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundThe regulatory approach used by SKI has an impact on the licensee and, therefore, indirectly on the safety of the nuclear facilities. The regulatory policy and its implementation also influences the way SKI is working and the competency needed by the regulator as well as by the industry. One of SKI´s tasks is to be able adjust the regulatory approach to current and future needs.Little research is available on the use of regulatory strategies, methods and activities used by regulatory agencies in their work (to assure safety), as well as their impacts. To address this gap in knowledge, SKI has contracted two separate research projects. This project, where the focus is on comparing inspection policies in Swedish government agencies, and another one where regulatory strategies across selected countries, are studied and compared.SKI´s purpose and goalsThe goal of this research project is to gain knowledge about selected Swedish agencies and their inspection policies. All the selected agencies are working with issues regarding health, environmental protection or safety. A number of persons at each agency have been interviewed about the regulatory work at their organizations. A questionnaire was developed as a first part of the project, and it was used during the interviews.In addition to provide insights as a basis for improvement within SKI, the purpose has been to promote exchange of experience between agencies with similar tasks. By this study SKI also wanted to contribute to the development of competency in this field of research.ResultsA lot of information has been gathered and analyzed during the project. The focus of the research is on comparing agencies and their practices. The report includes an analysis regarding similarities and differences in a number of areas across the agencies. The report also provides information and evidence on the problems related to comparison between agencies, partly due to the difference in the use of definitions. The recommendations resulting from this study focus on improving cooperation among Swedish agencies and on improving inspection methodologies, areas where further analysis is suggested. The conclusions and recommendations in the report belong to the persons participating in this work, and are not necessarily the same as the once drawn by SKI.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Palm, Jessica, 1973-
(författare)
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Moral concerns - Treatment staff and user perspectives on alcohol and drug problems
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Constructions of alcohol and drug problems, as well as of treatment, show a great variation that can be understood from the perspective of societal needs to categorize individuals as deviant. The thesis deals with contemporary perspectives, among staff in treatment of alcohol and drug problems and a group of drug users, on alcohol and drug problems and how these problems should be handled in the public sphere. The thesis consists of four papers covering: (1) views of treatment staff on alcohol and drug problems, (2) views of treatment staff on gender issues, (3) views of treatment staff on priorities of client groups and (4) views on the “user” from the point of a union for drug users. The first three papers use questionnaire-data from a treatment systems study in Stockholm County. The first and third papers deal with questions directed to treatment staff whereas the second paper besides staff data analyses data from interviews with 1865 individuals entering treatment for alcohol and drug problems. The fourth paper is a discourse analysis of texts written by the Swedish users union.The results shows that staff see alcohol and drug problems as social problems, diseases and moral problems. Staff also perceive men and women in treatment as different, both in terms of their problems and their treatment. These experienced differences were supported by comparisons between men and women in treatment in a few cases, but mostly differences were not that great or did not appear at all. When staff were asked to make priorities between groups of clients they seem to take past actions of the clients into account rather than using the egalitarian reasoning regulating priorities in official documents. Taking past actions into account indicates a moral approach to alcohol and drug problems. The analysis of the Swedish users union also points at a moral perspective on drug problems in the dominating drug policy discourse, pronounced in the opposition of the union. In this opposition the union constructs the user as a “consumer”, as “weak”, “sick” and “innocent”. The union shows signs of a human rights perspective, a public health perspective and a disease perspective as well as a direct opposition to the perspective of the user as a criminal.Seen together the papers show the importance of categorizing subjects for and in treatment as well as the constructed nature of alcohol and drug problems. A moral perspective seems to be the base for many categorizations (distinguishing between normal and deviant as well as between more and less culpable “troubled persons”) and is not as clearly in conflict with medical and social perspectives as one might expect. The thesis also indicates a strengthened medical approach with connections to individualisation of problems and market orientation. To classify a certain group of individuals as deviants is important for our construction of normality and inclusiveness, whether the deviance is in terms of illness or moral failure. Treatment of deviance can be seen as a manifestation and reproduction of this categorization and research on treatment and deviance plays an important part in this process.
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- Palm, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden : integrated compulsory treatment
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 8:2, s. 69-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the year 2000, 804 adults were in coercive care for a maximum of 6 months under the Swedish Act on Care of Addicts in Certain Cases, which has both paternalistic and utilitarian motives. The extensive rights of the state to intervene in the private lives of its citizens seem to have a solid support in society. The article describes the present system and offers some explanations for its acceptance by looking at history. The fact that compulsory decisions have been made within the social administration has meant that such measures grew with the welfare system and could benefit from its goodwill. The medical profession provided motivation for preventive compulsory measures for social or individual reasons and gave hope for a cure. The crucial involvement of laypersons and non-governmental organisations in decision-making and provision of compulsory treatment has given compulsory treatment a high political legitimacy. Compulsion became ‘internalised’ in the Swedish society. The economic and political liberalisation of today may pose a threat to the Swedish compulsory treatment of substance misusers.
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| 22. |
- Palm, Jessica
(författare)
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Women and men – same problems, different treatment
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 16:1, s. 18-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus on difference between men and women has been important in the development of gender-specific treatment for alcohol and drug problems. The aim of this article is to examine the views of alcohol and drug treatment staff on differences between men and women in treatment and compare men and women in treatment on issues related to staff attitudes. One data set consists of questionnaires sent to staff working with alcohol and drug problems in Stockholm County (n = 918). Another data set consists of interviews with women and men in treatment for alcohol and drug problems in Stockholm (n = 1865). The results show that staff experience differences between men and women both in their problems and in how they should be treated. Some of these differences are supported by the comparison of women and men in the client-data, but mostly the differences are relatively small or even non-existent.
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| 23. |
- Palm, Klas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring enablers of innovative quality development in public administration
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1756-669X .- 1756-6703. ; 9:2, s. 203-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Today’s public administration is facing a wide range of challenges. This situation requires an ability to change and innovate. However, difficulties in the implementation of innovations have been seen as the cause of many administrations’ inability to achieve the intended benefits of innovations. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to empirically determine which – out of a wide range of enabling factors for innovations – may be the most important for the specific process step of moving from ideas to implementation of innovations in a public administration context, and, furthermore, to identify possible additional enablers for this specific process step. Design/methodology/approach: This study is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with city officials in four cities on four continents. Findings: The study identifies five key enablers for transforming ideas into implemented innovations in public administration: a committed and hands-on leadership, internal as well as external networking, innovation processes over time alternately organized as a separate project and, as part of the standard operating procedures, a system understanding, including an understanding of how the parts contribute to a shared vision and communication of achieved, tangible, short-term results. Three of these enablers are previously identified as overall enablers for innovation and two complement previously identified enablers. Originality/value: The article identifies enabling factors for the specific step of going from idea generation to implementation of innovations in a public sector context. The article also reviews enabling factors from real experiences. Much of the former literature is conceptual. The article analyses an area in which there is a general lack of empirical research. Today’s public administration is facing a wide range of challenges. This situation requires an ability to change and innovate. However, difficulties in the implementation of innovations have been seen as the cause of many administrations’ inability to achieve the intended benefits of innovations. The aim with this study is therefore to empirically determine which - out of a wide range of enabling factors for innovations - may be the most important for the specific process step of moving from ideas to implementation of innovations in a public administration context, and furthermore, to identify possible additional enablers for this specific process step. Design This study is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with city officials in four cities on four continents. Findings The study identifies five key enablers for transforming ideas into implemented innovations in public administration: a) A committed and hands-on leadership, b) internal as well as external networking, c) innovation processes over time alternately organized as a separate project, and as part of the standard operating procedures, d) a system understanding including an understanding of how the parts contribute to a shared vision and e) communication of achieved, tangible, short-term results. Three of these enablers are previously identified as overall enablers for innovation and two complement previously identified enablers. Originality The article identifies enabling factors for the specific step of going from idea generation to implementation of innovations in a public sector context. The article also reviews enabling factors from real experiences. Much of the former literature is conceptual. The article analyses an area in which there is a general lack of empirical research.
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| 25. |
- Pease, Jessica E., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of triploid and diploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fine-scale movement, migration and catchability in lowland lakes of western Washington
- 2023
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Ingår i: Movement Ecology. - 2051-3933. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fisheries managers stock triploid (i.e., infertile, artificially produced) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in North American lakes to support sport fisheries while minimizing the risk of genetic introgression between hatchery and wild trout. In Washington State, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) allocates approximately US $3 million annually to stock hatchery-origin rainbow trout in > 600 lakes, yet only about 10% of them are triploids. Many lakes in Washington State drain into waters that support wild anadromous steelhead O. mykiss that are listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. As a result, there is a strong interest in understanding the costs and benefits associated with stocking sterile, triploid rainbow trout as an alternative to traditional diploids. The objectives of this study were to compare triploid and diploid rainbow trout in terms of: (1) contribution to the sport fishery catch, (2) fine-scale movements within the study lakes, (3) rate of emigration from the lake, and (4) natural mortality. Our results demonstrated that triploid and diploid trout had similar day-night distribution patterns, but triploid trout exhibited a lower emigration rate from the lake and lower catch rates in some lakes. Overall, triploid rainbow trout represent a viable alternative to stocking of diploids, especially in lakes draining to rivers, because they are sterile, have comparable home ranges, and less often migrate.
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| 26. |
- Reissner, Volker, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout, Coping and Job Satisfaction in Service Staff Treating Opioid Addicts-from Athens to Zurich
- 2010
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Ingår i: Stress and Health. - : Wiley. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 26:2, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Treatment-systems Research on European Addiction Treatment study (TREAT-project) is a longitudinal multicenter study on predominantly opioid-dependent patients and their health-care system in six European cities. As part of the examination of the drug services, this study evaluates level of burnout, coping strategies, perceived self-efficacy and job satisfaction among health-care workers treating opioid addicts. Employees were recruited from organizations in Athens, London, Padua, Stockholm, Zurich and Essen. The Maslach burnout inventory, Brief COPE, general self-efficacy questionnaire and a job satisfaction scale were filled in by about 383 drug service workers. One-third of the staff suffer from severe burnout. London and Stockholm colleagues are significantly more burdened than Zurich personnel where job satisfaction is highest. No cross-national differences could be detected concerning coping styles or level of perceived self-efficacy. Burnout is positively correlated to passive coping strategies and negatively linked to self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Males experience more depersonalization. Organizational features such as the entry-threshold level of the institution or out- vs. inpatient setting are relevant for coping strategies and job satisfaction. These and other findings are discussed in relation to preliminary data from the TREAT-project on characteristics of opioid addicted patients and other specific features of the drug treatment system.
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| 27. |
- Sandoff, Anders, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Innovationsplattformar för hållbara attraktiva städer
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samspel mellan lokala aktörer så som näringsliv, kommun och universitet har historiskt sett spelat en viktig roll i utvecklingen av innovationer men det är först relativt nyligen som ansvaret för innovationsstöttande åtgärder aktivt förflyttats till den kommunala nivån. Denna rapport beskriver resultaten från den följeforskningsinsats som varit kopplad till Vinnovasatsningen Innovationsplattformar för hållbara attraktiva städer. Satsningen tar sin utgångspunkt i ett stöd till fyra städer (Göteborg, Malmö, Lund och Borås) att under två år bygga upp en ny form av lokal innovationsstödjande samverkanskapacitet. Studien som rapporten bygger på gick ut på att följa och beskriva utvecklingen av innovationsplattformarnas verksamhet, analysera informationen ur ett innovationsperspektiv samt återföra resultaten till innovationsplattformarna och Vinnova. Syftet var därför att skapa kunskap om innovationsprocesser kopplat till hållbar stadsutveckling och möjliggöra ett fördjupat lärande mellan innovationsplattformarna. Således utgjorde följeforskningsinsatsen en del av de lärprocesser som varit kopplade till plattformarnas utvecklingsarbete. Kopplat till följeforskningen gjordes även en inventering av hur liknande arbete organiserats i andra delar av världen. Sammanfattningsvis indikerar resultaten följande: • Innovationsplattformarna har skapat en ökad lokal kapacitet att bedriva innovationsfrågor inom ramen för hållbar stadsutveckling. • Satsningen har gjort avtryck inte bara i själva plattformen utan även på en kommunal nivå och hos de deltagande organisationerna på ett sådant sätt att det skapats legitimitet för arbetets fortsättning. • Erfarenheterna visar att arbetet med att etablera innovationsplattformarna tagit längre tid och mer resurser i anspråk än vad ursprungligen antogs. Förklaringar till detta har varit utmaningar att etablera samverkansformer och en oerfarenhet med innovationskonceptet som sådant, särskilt avseende hur det skall förstås i en kommunal stadsutvecklingskontext. • Viktiga arbetsområden för innovationsplattformarna har varit att tolka begrepp, bygga kunskap, säkra politiskt kapital och skapa metoder för att förverkliga brett förankrade innovationsprocesser. • Utvecklingen av Innovationsplattformarna har inneburit utmaningar framförallt avseende tolkningen av olika aktörers traditionella roller. Delvis har det inneburit att det kommunala och privata har glidit in i varandras sfärer och utmanat etablerade uppfattningar om ansvar, professioner och ageranden. • Denna utveckling har kommit att utmana existerande rättsliga strukturer och bäddar för framtida spänningar inom den byråkratiska förvaltningskulturen, de kommunala kompetensreglerna och EUs konkurrensrättsliga regler. • Vid en internationell jämförelse framgår att den svenska satsningen på innovationsplattformar nyttjar aktuella och internationellt gångbara arbetssätt men 7 behöver stärkas genom ytterligare kopplingar till innovationssystem på både nationellt och internationellt plan. • Satsningen kan i ett vidare sammanhang ses som en lärplattform inte bara avseende stadsutvecklingsinnovation i samverkan utan även för en ny form av kommunal administrativ logik som bygger på att det kommunala uppdraget till vissa delar definieras och löses genom en bredare samverkan med olika intressenter, s.k. New Public Governance.
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| 28. |
- Schafmayer, Clemens, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analysis of diverticular disease points towards neuromuscular, connective tissue and epithelial pathomechanisms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 68:5, s. 854-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Diverticular disease is a common complex disorder characterised by mucosal outpouchings of the colonic wall that manifests through complications such as diverticulitis, perforation and bleeding. We report the to date largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for diverticular disease. Design Discovery GWAS analysis was performed on UK Biobank imputed genotypes using 31 964 cases and 419 135 controls of European descent. Associations were replicated in a European sample of 3893 cases and 2829 diverticula-free controls and evaluated for risk contribution to diverticulitis and uncomplicated diverticulosis. Transcripts at top 20 replicating loci were analysed by real-time quatitative PCR in preparations of the mucosal, submucosal and muscular layer of colon. The localisation of expressed protein at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results We discovered 48 risk loci, of which 12 are novel, with genome-wide significance and consistent OR in the replication sample. Nominal replication (p< 0.05) was observed for 27 loci, and additional 8 in meta-analysis with a population-based cohort. The most significant novel risk variant rs9960286 is located near CTAGE1 with a p value of 2.3x10-10 and 0.002 (OR allelic = 1.14 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.24)) in the replication analysis. Four loci showed stronger effects for diverticulitis, PHGR1 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.56), FAM155A-2 (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.42), CALCB (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33) and S100A10 (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33). Conclusion I n silico analyses point to diverticulosis primarily as a disorder of intestinal neuromuscular function and of impaired connective fibre support, while an additional diverticulitis risk might be conferred by epithelial dysfunction.
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| 29. |
- Svärd, Anna, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Protein-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Refractometric Nanoplasmonic Sensors for the Detection of Proteolytic Activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Nano Materials. - : American Chemical Society. - 2574-0970. ; 3:10, s. 9822-9830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontitis is an inflammatory oral disease that affects a large part of the adult population, causing significant costs and suffering. The key pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, secretes gingipains, which are highly destructive proteases and the most important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. Currently, periodontitis is diagnosed mainly by mechanical manual probing and radiography, often when the disease has already progressed significantly. The possibilities of detecting gingipain activity in gingival fluid could enable early-stage diagnosis and facilitate treatment. Here, we describe a sensitive nanoparticle-based nanoplasmonic biosensor for the detection of the proteolytic activity of gingipains. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were self-assembled as a submonolayer in multiwell plates and further modified with casein or IgG. The proteolytic degradation of the protein coating was tracked by monitoring the shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak position. The sensor performance was investigated using model systems with trypsin and purified gingipains (subtypes Kgp and RgpB) and further validated using supernatants from cultures of P. gingivalis. Proteolytic degradation by proteases in buffer results in a concentration- and time-dependent blueshift of the LSPR band of about 1-2 nm when using casein as a substrate. In bacterial supernatants, the degradation of the protein coating resulted in unspecific binding of proteins present in the complex sample matrix to the nanoparticles, which instead triggered a redshift of about 2 nm of the LSPR band. A significant LSPR shift was seen only in samples with gingipain activity. The sensor showed a limit of detection < 0.1 mu g/mL (4.3 nM), which is well below gingipain concentrations detected in severe chronic periodontitis cases (similar to 50 mu g/mL). This work shows the possibility of developing cost-effective nanoparticle-based biosensors for rapid detection of protease activity for chair-side periodontal diagnostics.
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