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1.	Aho, Teija, et al. (författare) Resurs- och miljööversikt 2011 2011 Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
2.	Andersson, Magnus, et al. (författare) Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
3.	Andersson, Peter, 1975, et al. (författare) Cylindrical ionization chamber response in static and dynamic 6 and 15 MV photon beams 2023 Ingår i: Biomedical Engineering & Physics Express. - : Institute of Physics. - 2057-1976. ; 9:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose. To investigate the response of the CC13 ionization chamber under non-reference photon beam conditions, focusing on penumbra and build-up regions of static fields and on dynamic intensity-modulated beams. Methods. Measurements were performed in 6 MV 100 × 100, 20 × 100, and 20 × 20 mm2 static fields. Monte Carlo calculations were performed for the static fields and for 6 and 15 MV dynamic beam sequences using a Varian multi-leaf collimator. The chamber was modelled using EGSnrc egs_chamber software. Conversion factors were calculated by relating the absorbed dose to air in the chamber air cavity to the absorbed dose to water. Correction and point-dose correction factors were calculated to quantify the conversion factor variations. Results. The correction factors for positions on the beam central axis and at the penumbra centre were 0.98-1.02 for all static fields and depths investigated. The largest corrections were obtained for chamber positions beyond penumbra centre in the off-axis direction. Point-dose correction factors were 0.54-0.71 at 100 mm depth and their magnitude increased with decreasing field size and measurement depth. Factors of 0.99-1.03 were obtained inside and near the integrated penumbra of the dynamic field at 100 mm depth, and of 0.92-0.94 beyond the integrated penumbra centre. The variations in the ionization chamber response across the integrated dynamic penumbra qualitatively followed the behaviour across penumbra of static fields. Conclusions. Without corrections, the CC13 chamber was of limited usefulness for profile measurements in 20-mm-wide fields. However, measurements in dynamic small irregular beam openings resembling the conditions of pre-treatment patient quality assurance were feasible. Uncorrected ionization chamber response could be applied for dose verification at 100 mm depth inside and close to large gradients of dynamically accumulating high- and low-dose regions assuming 3% tolerance between measured and calculated doses. © 2023 The Author(s).
4.	Moberg, Christina, et al. (författare) De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten 2022 Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
5.	Rydberg, Tomas, 1962, et al. (författare) Estimating the environmental risk of the societal stock of additives in plastics by a chemical footprint approach 2015 Ingår i: SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Environmental risk posed by additives in products in the technosphere in general and in consumer products in particular, is an important issue that has been, so far, investigated to a relatively limited extent. Previous estimates of the national stock and emissions are available on national scale [1,2,3] but the challenge has remained to understand how important or significant these stocks and emissions are from a risk perspective. The research presented here approaches the challenge by assigning risk characterisation scores to the additives and comparing the outcome with corresponding risk characterisation for biocides. We used the previous estimates om stock and emissions of plastic additives. Data for use of biocides were extracted from the Swedish Chemicals Agency The risk characterisation was carried out by applying USETox characterisation factors (CF), The amount of each substance, has been multiplied with its corresponding CF from USETox. These substance specific risk scores were then added to the overall risk score. It is clear that there are many uncertainties in the calculations. For example the emission calculations in the overall society example seem unreasonably high, in the order of 2 % annually of the total stock. In other work applying an advanced emission model to a limited sample of products, the emission rate is in the order of 0.02 % annually. This indicates that the overall society-wide emissions could be in the order of 500 tons rather than 47000 tons. For the risk scores, the uncertainty is even bigger, as the uncertainty of the CFs themselves come into play, as well as the incomplete availability of CFs. The total risk score for the National total use of biocides is 9.3E+09 CTU. This is to be compared with the risk scores as calculated for the additives, which is 1.3E+12 CTU for the total stock of additives and 3E+10 CTU for the emissions, or possible a factor 100 lower if assuming a similar overestimation as for emissions. The results are very sensitive to the identified uncertainties, and also to lack of CFs for possibly important substances, both among the additives and the biocides.
6.	Sundh, Josefin, 1972-, et al. (författare) Beta-blockeRs tO patieNts with CHronIc Obstructive puLmonary diseasE (BRONCHIOLE) - Study protocol from a randomized controlled trial 2020 Ingår i: Trials. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1745-6215. ; 21:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Observational studies indicate that beta-blockers are associated with a reduced risk of exacerbation and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) even without overt cardiovascular disease, but data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) are lacking. The aim of this RCT is to investigate whether beta-blocker therapy in patients with COPD without diagnosed cardiovascular disease is associated with a decreased 1-year risk of the composite endpoint of death, exacerbations, or cardiovascular events.Methods: The Beta-blockeRs tO patieNts with CHronIc Obstructive puLmonary diseasE (BRONCHIOLE) study is an open-label, multicentre, prospective RCT. A total of 1700 patients with COPD will be randomly assigned to either standard COPD care and metoprolol at a target dose of 100 mg per day or to standard COPD care only. The primary endpoint is a composite of death, COPD exacerbations, and cardiovascular events. Major exclusion criteria are ischemic heart disease, left-sided heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, critical limb ischemia, and atrial fibrillation/flutter. Study visits are an inclusion visit, a metoprolol titration visit at 1 month, follow-up by telephone at 6 months, and a final study visit after 1 year. Outcome data are obtained from medical history and record review during study visits, as well as from national registries.Discussion: BRONCHIOLE is a pragmatic randomized trial addressing the potential of beta-blockers in patients with COPD. The trial is expected to provide relevant clinical data on the efficacy of this treatment on patient-related outcomes in patients with COPD.
7.	Alvfors, Per, et al. (författare) Forskarskolan Program Energisystem : Kunskapsutveckling genom samverkan mellan teknik- och samhällsvetenskap : slutrapport 2016, Forskningssyntes för konsortiet Byggnader i energisystem 2016 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport ger en kortfattad översikt och syntes av tvärvetenskapliga forskningsresultat från verksamheten i konsortiet Byggnader i energisystem inom forskarskolan Program Energisystem. Tonvikten ligger på tiden från forskarskolans start 1997 till dess 15-årsjubileum 2012, men hänvisningar görs även till forskning publicerad därefter. Utgångspunkten har varit att lyfta fram det tvärvetenskapliga inom forskningen för att visa hur forskarskolan har bidragit till tvärvetenskaplig kunskaps- och metodutveckling.I rapporten ges en översikt över fallstudier och avhandlingar inom konsortiet och de tvärvetenskapliga forskningsresultaten sammanfattas inom tre huvudsakliga tematiska områden: (1) Passivhus: boende och energieffektiva byggnadstekniker,(2) Energieffektivisering: processer och aktörer, samt (3) Energianvändning, vardagsaktiviteter och småskalig solenergi i hushåll. Tvärvetenskapliga metoder och resultat sammanfattas och utvecklingen av samarbeten och angreppssätt beskrivs. Rapporten avslutas med några sammanfattande reflektioner kring hur framgångsrik tvärvetenskaplig forskning bör bedrivas.
8.	Alvfors, Per, et al. (författare) Forskarskolan Program Energisystem : kunskapsutveckling genom samverkanmellan teknik- och samhällsvetenskap : slutrapport 2016, Forskningssyntes för konsortiet Lokala och regionala energisystem 2016 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Forskarskolan Program Energisystem har med sina fem deltagande forskningsavdelningar från Chalmers tekniska högskola, Linköpings universitet, KTH och Uppsala universitet varit banbrytande inom tvärvetenskaplig energisystemforskning och dess tre konsortier har spelat en viktig roll för forskarskolans utveckling. Konsortierna är inriktade på byggnader i energisystem, industriella energisystem samt lokala och regionala energisystem. I varje konsortium har doktorander och seniorer från minst två av de deltagande avdelningarna bedrivit tvärvetenskaplig forskning.I det lokala och regionala konsortiet har forskningsfrågorna kretsat kring aktörer och processer av betydelse för energisystemen i svenska kommuner, län och regioner. Inom konsortiet har frågeställningar om miljömässigt, socialt och ekonomiskt hållbara lokala och regionala energisystem bland annat studerats genom att analysera aktörers agerande och politiska processer inom de tekniska, ekonomiska och institutionella villkor som utgör begränsningar och möjligheter för energisystemen. En tydlig trend inom konsortiets forskning under forskarskolans arton år är att inriktningen gått i riktning från lokal till regional och från stationära till mobila energisystem. Den förskjutningen följer också den ökande betydelse som regioner i form av länsstyrelser har fått för samordningen av energi- och klimatplaneringen i Sverige under det senaste decenniet. Kommunerna har fortfarande en dominerande position genom den energirelaterade infrastruktur som de förfogar över men en förskjutning mot ett mer regionalt inflytande är tydlig.Totalt har 26 doktors- och en licentiatexamen avlagts av konsortiets doktorander och dessa alumner är nu verksamma inom energirelaterade verksamheter Sverige. Den främsta representationen finns inom myndigheter och akademier.
9.	Alvfors, Per, et al. (författare) Forskarskolan Program Energisystem : kunskapsutveckling genom samverkan mellan teknik- och samhällsvetenskap : slutrapport 2016, Publikationer från Program Energisystem 2016 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Det finns en omfattande publicering från Program Energisystem. Förutom 78 doktorsavhandlingar och 16 licentiatavhandlingar så har forskarstuderande och seniorer publicerat ytterligare minst 500 publikationer inom ramen för Program Energisystem.I denna rapport förtecknas dessa publikationer.
10.	Alvfors, Per, et al. (författare) Forskarskolan Program Energisystem : kunskapsutveckling genom samverkanmellan teknik- och samhällsvetenskap : slutrapport 2016, Huvudrapport 2016 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Idén att samhällsvetenskaplig och teknisk energisystemforskning måste vävas samman för att utveckla ny kunskap och få ökad samhällsnytta var utgångspunkt när Program Energisystem startade år 1997.Program Energisystem identifierade tidigt kärnvärden som visades vara viktiga framgångsfaktorer:Energisystem med tyngdpunkt på användarsidanTvärvetenskaplig, universitets- och fakultetsöverskridandeforskning och forskarutbildningSammanhållen forskarskolaFinansiering av hela doktorandprojektSamarbeten i tematiska forskningsområdenKontinuerlig tvärvetenskaplig utvecklingLångsiktig finansiering av samordningsstrukturProgram Energisystems arbete har kännetecknats av:Val av samhällsrelevanta projekt av hög vetenskaplig kvalitetGemensamma tvärvetenskapliga kurser och projektarbetenTvärvetenskaplig handledningKontinuerligt arbetande fora för diskussionoch kontakter över ämnesgränserForskningssamarbeten mellan seniorer i olika ämnenAktivt doktorand- och alumninätverkForskarutbildningens målsättning har varit att utbilda bättre samhällsvetareoch bättre ingenjörer, inte att göra samhällsvetare av ingenjörerna eller ingenjörerav samhällsvetarna.I den kontinuerliga utvecklingen av Program Energisystem har ett förtroendefullt samarbete utvecklats som möjliggjort kontinuerliga förbättringar av forskningen och forskarutbildningen.Arvet från Program Energisystem har förts vidare i den nya Forskarskola Energisystem. Forskarskola Energisystem har en delvis annan struktur men bygger innehållsmässigt vidare på centrala idéer från Program Energisystem. Det finns ett fortsatt stort behov av tvärvetenskaplig kunskapsutveckling på energiområdet som främst handlar om att förstå komplicerade samband och processer och hur dessa kan påverkas.
11.	Alvfors, Per, et al. (författare) Forskarskolan Program Energisystem: Kunskapsutveckling genom samverkanmellan teknik- och samhällsvetenskap : Slutrapport 2016, Forskningssyntes för konsortiet Industriella energisystem 2016 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna syntesrapport är en sammanfattning och analys av den forskning som bedrivits inom ramen för det Industriella konsortiet från år 1997 (konsortiets verksamhet startade 1999) inom ramen för forskarskolan Program Energisystem. Under denna tid har 25 doktorsavhandlingar och en licentiatavhandling producerats inom det Industriella konsortiet. Avhandlingarna sammanfattas och analyseras i denna syntesrapport och arbetet avgränsas då till att studera avhandlingarnas Problemområde, Verktyg/Metod/Teori, Systemgräns, studerad Sektor och Övergripande resultat. Vidare ges, med utgångspunkt från dessa forskningsresultat, förslag på fortsatt forskning för hållbara och effektiva energisystem.Många viktiga problemområden har studerats inom ramen för forskarskolans Industrikonsortium. Ett flertal avhandlingar behandlar möjligheter att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från industrin och här har flera sektorer studerats, bland annat massa- och pappersindustrin, järn- och stålindustrin, kemiindustrin och oljeraffinaderiindustrin. Ett centralt tema i avhandlingarna är potentialer för energieffektivisering i industrisektorn, inte minst vid införande av bioraffinaderikoncept i framtiden. Här analyseras t.ex. tekniska potentialer, kostnadseffektivitet för energieffektiviseringsåtgärder, samt betydelsen av energiledning och styrmedel.I avhandlingarna har en mängd olika metoder och verktyg använts. Den i särklass mest använda vetenskapliga metoden är intervjuer (15) följt av scenarioanalys (10), dokumentstudier (9), simuleringsberäkningar (9), pinchanalys (9) och optimering (8). Fallstudiemetodik där mer än en metod används för att studera ett specifikt fall, t.ex. ett företag, förekommer i flera avhandlingar. En grundtanke i forskarskolan Program Energisystem har varit att forskaren måste vara medveten om att resultat från energisystemanalyser kan påverkas av vilka systemgränser som valts. I flertalet av Industrikonsortiets avhandlingar har Europas elsystem utgjort systemgräns då effekter av förändrad elanvändning eller elproduktion analyserats.Industrikonsortiets forskningsresultat visar på många intressanta slutsatser. Det påvisas att det finns energieffektiviseringspotentialer både i nya investeringar och i energiledningsåtgärder, som att justera driftsbetingelser för befintlig teknisk utrustning och ändra beteenden. Det konstateras också att energisamarbeten mellan industri och energibolag med syfte att öka användningen av industriell överskottsvärme i många fall är en hållbar lösning som minskar regioners behov av primärenergi och reducerar utsläppen av växthusgaser. Hinder mot sådana samarbeten kan vara att detta inte är en del av industrins kärnverksamhet. Det konstateras även att energisamarbeten mellan närliggande anläggningar i ett industrikluster kan leda till avsevärt större energieffektiviseringspotentialer än om var och en av de ingående industrierna arbetar enbart med interna åtgärder. Hinder mot denna typ av samarbete är brist på etablerade affärsmodeller. Forskningen visar på ett behov av fortsatta studier kring begreppet kärnverksamhet och dess påverkan på energifrågan i svensk industrin. Avskiljning och lagring av koldioxid (CCS) från industrin har studerats och här konstateras att denna lösning inte är ekonomiskt lönsam med dagens förutsättningar. Det rekommenderas därför att framtida forskning bedrivs för att studera vilka styrmedel som skulle behövas för att CCS ska bli ekonomiskt intressant för industrin. En annan viktig fråga är hur energitjänsteföretag ska formulera affärsmodeller och strategier kring CCS, samt hur de kan samarbeta med industrin för att på affärsmässiga grunder få till stånd CO2– avskiljning, transport och lagring. Även framtida forskning kring styrmedel, t.ex. energitjänster, för ökad energieffektivitet i industrisektorn förordas. Resultat från Industrikonsortiets avhandlingar visar att processintegrationsverktyget pinchanalys kan kombineras med optimeringsverktyg (i detta fall MIND) vid analys av industriella energisystem. Denna metodkombination ger intressanta resultat varför fortsatt forskning förordas kring kombinationer av olika processintegrationsmetoder. I flertalet avhandlingar har företagsdata använts som indata vid exempelvis modellering och processintegrationsstudier. Detta har accentuerat behovet av ett standardiserat protokoll vid insamling av företagsdata. Ett sådant protokoll kan öka reliabiliteten på indata och förslagsvis användas vid fallstudier.Avslutningsvis kan konstateras att trots närmare 20 års tvärvetenskaplig forskning mellan samhällsvetare och teknikvetenskaperna finns det fortfarande mycket mer att beforska och utveckla.
12.	Andersson, Arne, et al. (författare) Promoting islet cell function after transplantation 2004 Ingår i: Cell Biochem Biophys. ; :40 (3 Suppl), s. 55-64 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
13.	Andersson, Magnus, et al. (författare) 32. Reflections and Conclusions 2022 Ingår i: The Routledge Companion to International Housing Markets. - London : Routledge. - 9780367646646 - 9781003130383 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract This chapter learns the importance of institutions and how new institutional economics emphasizes the role of institutions for a market economy to function. It learns that traditions, particularly legal traditions, have a great impact on conveyance process. Another source of insecurity and information quality is when taxes and fees are differentiated in regard to price of the property. This gives the seller and buyer an incentive not to disclose the true sales price. The complexity of a given conveyance process determines the level of people's involvement and also the transaction costs. If it is complex from the start, this is a sign that the process will be time-consuming, costly, and hard to understand for common buyer and/or seller. The Swedish regulatory regime, where the agent has a mandatory university education comprising courses in relevant fields of law, handles the legal aspects of the transaction, and this lowers the transaction costs, as no legal counselling are involved in the process.
14.	Andersson, Magnus, et al. (författare) How cultural values are reflected on the housing market : direct effects and the cultural spillover 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8270 .- 1753-8289. ; 12:3, s. 405-423 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse two questions. First, is there, and if so, how large is the price premium paid for a building exhibiting a cultural value? Second, are there any spillover effects of buildings with cultural values on sales prices of neighbouring houses? Design/methodology/approach: Using a unique database of all buildings in the region of Halland, Sweden, combined with transaction data, hedonic models can be estimated, with spatially lagged variables describing proximity to three classes of culturally classified building – A, B and C – corresponding to building of national interest, building of regional interest and building of local interest. In addition, the authors also estimate models with a spatial specification on the error term, in an attempt to control for omitted variables. Findings: The results indicate that cultural classification plays a role in determining the price of a property, with large effects (ranging between 36 and 60% price premiums) for the highest classification. In addition, the authors find evidence of a cultural externality, houses in the vicinity of building with high cultural value sell at a small, but statistically significant premium of 1%. Originality/value: The cultural externality may be overlooked when it comes to valuation of cultural values in society, and therefore, it is likely that warranted protection acts to preserve cultural values in buildings become less than the social optimum. This paper suggests a new measure to cultural values contrasting previous research that rely on cultural preservation. This approach should limit problems with measurement errors that may lead to biased results.
15.	Att analysera system -reflektion och perspektiv 2007 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
16.	Att forska på tvären- Erfarenheter från 10 år av tvärvetenskap inom forskarskolan Program Energisystem 2007 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
17.	Bech, Thea Wilhelmine, et al. (författare) Feasibility of completing Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile and Dyspnea-12 over the telephone in patients with oxygen-dependent disease 2021 Ingår i: BMJ Open Respiratory Research. - : BMJ. - 2052-4439. ; 8:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Breathlessness is prevalent in severe disease and consists of different dimensions that can be measured using the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) and Dyspnea-12 (D-12). We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of MDP and D-12 over telephone interviews in oxygen-dependent patients, compared with other patient-reported outcomes (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT)) and with completion by hand. Methods Cross-sectional, telephone study of 50 patients with home oxygen therapy. Feasibility was assessed as completion time (self-reported by patients and measured), difficulty (self-reported) and help required to complete the instruments (staff). Completion time was compared with mMRC and CAT, and feasibility was compared with completion by hand in cardiopulmonary outpatients (n=182). Feasibility by age and gender was analysed using logistic regression. Results Of 136 patients approached, 50 (37%) participated (mean age: 72±10 years, 66% women). Completion times (in minutes) were relatively short for MDP (self-reported 6 (IQR 5-10), measured 8 (IQR 6-10)) and D-12 (self-reported 5 (IQR 3-8), measured 3 (IQR 3-4)), and slightly longer than mMRC (median 1 (IQR 1-1)) and CAT (median 3 (IQR 2-5)). Even though the majority of patients required no help, more assistance was required by older patients. Compared with patients reporting by hand, completion over the telephone required somewhat longer time and more assistance. Conclusion Many patients with severe oxygen-dependent disease were unable or unwilling to assess symptoms over the telephone. However, among those able to participate, MDP and D-12 are feasible to measure multiple dimensions of breathlessness over the telephone.
18.	Bengtsson, Caroline, et al. (författare) Nasal polyposis is a risk factor for nonadherence to CPAP treatment in sleep apnea: the population-based DISCOVERY study 2023 Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE. - : American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). - 1550-9389 .- 1550-9397. ; 19:3, s. 573-579 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Study Objectives: The aim was to evaluate nasal polyposis as a risk factor for nonadherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This was a population-based, longitudinal analysis of patients starting CPAP treatment for OSA in the Swedish quality registry Swedevox between 2010 and 2018. Data were cross-linked with national registries. The impact of nasal polyposis on CPAP adherence was analyzed using uni-and multivariable logistic and linear regression models. Relevant confounders (age, sex, usage of nasal and oral steroids) were identified using a direct acyclic graph. Results: Of 20,521 patients with OSA on CPAP treatment (29.5% females), 331 (1.6%) had a diagnosis of nasal polyposis at baseline. At the 1-year follow-up, nasal polyposis was associated with an increased risk of CPAP usage < 4 hours/night (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.55); adjusted OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.08-1.77). In this group, unadjusted nocturnal mean CPAP usage was 15.4 minutes (95% CI-31.62 to 0.83) shorter and was an adjusted 24.1 minutes (95% CI-40.6 to-7.7) shorter compared with patients with OSA without nasal polyposis. Conclusions: Nasal polyposis is associated with reduced CPAP usage per night. These results highlight the importance of diagnosing nasal polyposis in patients with OSA before the start of CPAP treatment. Treatment of the condition may improve adherence, efficacy, and patient outcomes.
19.	Björklund, Filip, et al. (författare) Breathlessness and exercise performance to predict mortality in long-term oxygen therapy : The population-based DISCOVERY study 2023 Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 216 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic respiratory failure treated with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) often have severe breathlessness, impaired exercise performance, and high but variable mortality that is difficult to predict. We aimed to evaluate breathlessness and exercise performance upon starting LTOT as predictors of overall and short-term mortality.METHODS: This was a longitudinal, population-based study of patients who initiated LTOT between 2015 and 2018 in Sweden. Breathlessness was measured using the Dyspnea Exertion Scale, and exercise performance using the 30s-Sit-To-Stand test. Associations with overall and three-month mortality were analyzed using Cox-regression. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) respectively. The predictive capacity of models was assessed using a C-statistic.RESULTS: A total of 441 patients (57.6% female, aged 75.4 ± 8.3 years) were analyzed, of whom 141 (32%) died during a median follow-up of 260 (IQR 75-460) days. Both breathlessness and exercise performance were independently associated with overall mortality in the crude models, but only exercise performance remained independently associated with overall mortality when models were adjusted for other predictors, when short-term mortality was analyzed, or when breathlessness and exercise capacity were analyzed concurrently. The multivariable model including exercise performance but not breathlessness provided a relatively high predictive capacity for overall mortality, C-statistic 0.756 (95% CI 0.702-0.810). Similar results were seen in the COPD and ILD subgroups.CONCLUSION: Exercise performance as measured by the 30s-STS may be useful to identify patients with higher mortality on LTOT for optimized management and follow-up.
20.	Björklund, Filip, et al. (författare) Breathlessness and exercise performance to predict mortality in long-term oxygen therapy 2023 Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 62:Suppl. 67 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: Patients with chronic respiratory failure treated with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) often have severe breathlessness, impaired exercise performance, and high but variable mortality that is difficult to predict. We aimed to evaluate breathlessness and exercise performance upon starting LTOT as predictors of overall and short-term mortality.Methods: This was a longitudinal, population-based study of patients who initiated LTOT between 2015-2018 in Sweden. Breathlessness was measured using the Dyspnea Exertion Scale, and exercise performance using the 30s-Sit-To-Stand test. Associations with overall and three-month mortality were analyzed using Cox-regression. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with COPD and ILD respectively. The predictive capacity of models was assessed using a C-statistic.Results: A total of 441 patients (57.6% female, aged 75.4±8.3 years) were analyzed. Both breathlessness and exercise performance were independently associated with overall mortality in the crude models, but only exercise performance remained independently associated with overall mortality when models were adjusted for other predictors, when three-month mortality was analyzed, or when breathlessness and exercise capacity were analyzed concurrently. The multivariable model including exercise performance but not breathlessness provided a relatively high predictive capacity for overall mortality, C-statistic 0.756 (95% CI 0.702-0.810). Similar results were seen in the COPD and ILD subgroups.Conclusion: Exercise performance as measured by the 30s-STS may be useful to identify patients with higher mortality on LTOT for optimized management and follow-up.
21.	Book of Proceedings 6th Malmö Real Estate Research Conference 2017 Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)
22.	Carlsson, Bo, et al. (författare) Kravprofiler för material i fordon anpassade efter våra framtida samhällens behov - En idépromemoria om forskningsbehov 2008 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
23.	Carlsson, Lennart, et al. (författare) Determination of Flexibility and Fatigue Resistance of Aged Ballast Tank Coatings. Proposal for NORDTEST method 2001 Rapport (refereegranskat)
24.	Carlsson, Lennart, et al. (författare) Fatigue resistance of aged ballast tank coatings 2001 Rapport (refereegranskat)
25.	Chakarova, Roumiana, et al. (författare) Superficial dose distribution in breast for tangential radiation treatment, Monte Carlo evaluation of Eclipse algorithms in case of phantom and patient geometries. 2011 Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0887. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine experimentally and by the Monte Carlo method the accuracy of the Eclipse Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) and Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) algorithms in the superficial region (0-2cm) of the breast for tangential photon beams in a phantom case as well as in a number of patient geometries. The aim is also to identify differences in how the patient computer tomography data are handled by the treatment planning system and in the Monte Carlo simulations in order to reduce influences of these effects on the evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements by thermoluminescent dosimeters and gafchromic film are performed for six MV tangential irradiation of the cylindrical solid water phantom. Tangential treatment of seven patients is investigated considering open beams. Dose distributions are obtained by the Eclipse PBC and AAA algorithms. Monte Carlo calculations are carried out by BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc code package. Calculations are performed with a calculation grid of 1.25×1.25×5mm(3) for PBC and 2×2×5mm(3) for AAA and Monte Carlo, respectively. Dose comparison is performed in both dose and spatial domains by the normalized dose difference method. RESULTS: Experimental profiles from the surface toward the geometrical center of the cylindrical phantom are obtained at the beam entrance and exit as well as laterally. Full dose is received beyond 2mm in the lateral superficial region and beyond 7mm at the beam entrance. Good agreement between experimental, Monte Carlo and AAA data is obtained, whereas PBC is seen to underestimate the entrance dose the first 3-4mm and the lateral dose by more than 5% up to 8mm depth. In the patient cases considered, AAA and Monte Carlo show agreement within 3% dose and 4mm spatial tolerance. PBC systematically underestimates the dose at the breast apex. The dimensions of region out of tolerance vary with the local breast shape. Different interpretations of patient boundaries in Monte Carlo and the Eclipse are found to influence the evaluation. Computer tomography marker wire may introduce local disturbance effects on the comparison as well. These factors are not related to the accuracy of the calculation algorithms and their effect is taken into account in the evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of AAA in the case of the solid water phantom is comparable with that of the Monte Carlo method. The AAA-Monte Carlo differences in the patient cases considered are within 3%, 4mm tolerance. The PBC algorithm does not give equivalent results. In the phantom case, PBC underestimates the lateral dose by more than 5% up to 8mm depth. The PBC-Monte Carlo differences in the patient cases are outside the tolerance at the breast apex. The dimension of region varies with the breast shape being typically 8-10mm long and 6-8mm deep.
26.	Dahlin, Torleif, et al. (författare) Combined Resistivity Imaging and RCPT for Geotechnical Pre-investigation 2004 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
27.	Drivkrafter till förändring : essäer om energisystem i utveckling 2005 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
28.	Ejhed, Helene, et al. (författare) Feasibility study of net load of metals : Particulate fraction and retention of metals in lakes and rivers 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Belastning av metaller på vattenmiljön beror på bruttobelastning från primära och sekundära källor, men även på transport och fastläggning av metallerna inom vattenmiljön. Målet i denna studie var att undersöka möjligheten att använda retentionsmodeller/metoder för att beräkna nettobelastning av metaller på nationell skala med relativt hög upplösning. Detta för att uppfylla krav på internationell rapportering från Sverige. I denna studie har fokus lagts på litteraturstudier av retentionsprocesserna av metaller, test av två retentionsmodeller och en massbalansmetod. Dessutom har speciellt fokus lagts på att tillföra kunskap om partiklar, kolloider och lösta former av metaller i svenska vattendrag och sjöar.Studier av metallretention som finns redovisade i litteraturen visar att det är stor variation i resultaten, från ett par procent upp till nära 100 %. Retentionen är i de flesta studier fördelad enligt: Pb>Cd, Zn, Cu> Ni, Cr. Retentionen i Mälaren har i en studie beräknats till max 60 % för Cd , 50 % för Zn och 30 % för Cu. I en annan studie har retentionen i Vättern beräknats för Cd till 60 % och för Hg till 97 %. Avrinningsområdena till de stora sjöarna är inte fullständigt övervakade med avseende på tillförseln av metaller, vilket innebär att tester av retentionsmodellerna inte kunde genomföras i denna studie. Fastläggning av metaller sker genom lagring i sedimenten. Flera artiklar omfattar framgångsrik användning av uppehållstid för vattnet för att beskriva retentionen med modeller och pekar på vikten av kornstorlek i sediment samt mängden partikulärt bundna metaller. Fortsatt arbete bör fokusera på de parametrarna.Den partikulära fraktionen av metallerna Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn och Pb i svenska sjöar och vattendrag har undersökts i denna studie baserat på två metoder; empirisk regression med linjär regression och PLS analys, respektive kemisk speciering med hjälp av programmet VisualMinteq. Linjär regression visades vara den mest användbara metoden för att beräkna partikulärt bunden fraktion av metallerna och bör användas tills att en förbättrad kemisk karakterisering av metallerna blir tillgänglig. Regressionsmetoden fungerar bra för att bestämma partikulär koncentration av Al, Fe och Pb, acceptabelt för Zn och Ni, men dåligt för Cu. Utöver detta har en begränsad studie genomförts av förändringen av Pb kolloidala specier, järnhydroxider och organiskt kol, mellan uppströms och nedströms platser baserat på det nationella miljöövervakningsprogrammet ”Omdrevssjörna” (tidigare Riksinventeringen). Resultaten tyder på att förluster av organiskt material från markanvändning kan ha betydande påverkan på belastning av Pb. Fastläggning av organiskt bundet Pb i vattendragen var större än minerogent bundet Pb. Fortsatta studier av dessa observationer vid andra platser och med andra metaller rekommenderas starkt.Två dynamiska processbaserade metallretentionsmodeller, Lindström och Håkanson-modellen samt QWASI-modellen, har i denna studie framgångsrikt testats avseende metallerna Pb, Cd, Zn och Cu i tre sjöar. En massbalansmodell (FlowNorm) har också framgångsrikt testats i sex vattendrag. Det fanns bara ett fåtal nationellt tillgängliga sjödata enligt urvalet, med flera års övervakning av metallkoncentrationen i inflöde samt utflöde. Antalet sjöar med data kan utökas genom utökade urvalskriterier som föreslås i denna studie för fortsatt arbete med kalibrering och validering av modeller. Båda retentionsmodellerna Lindström och Håkanson samt QWASI gav jämförbara resultat, speciellt av koncentrationen i utflödet. Koncentrationen från sjöarna Innaren och Vidöstern beskrivs bra för alla metaller av båda modellerna. Båda modellerna har däremot beräknat koncentrationen i utflödet från sjön Södra Bergundasjön mycket högre än uppmätt medianhalt. Skillnaden beror troligtvis på överskattad bruttobelastning till Södra Bergundasjön. Testet visar nyttan av retentionsberäkningarna för att validera och korrigera bruttobelastning av metallerna. Lindström och Håkanson-modellen testades vidare i denna studie genom en känslighets- och en osäkerhetsanalys. Modellen var mest känslig för variationen i bruttobelastning. Nyttan av de dynamiska modellerna har vidare testats, som verktyg för att förutsäga effekten av eventuella förändringar av belastningen, vilket illustreras genom scenarioberäkningar i denna studie av Innaren och Vidöstern. Lindström och Håkanson-modellen kräver färre indata än QWASI och rekommenderas för fortsatt arbete.Enbart ett fåtal provplatser var lämpliga för retentionsmodellering med FlowNormprogrammet för vattendrag, och ännu färre data fanns tillgängligt för att beräkna den potentiella retentionen av metaller längs med vattendragen. För att kunna beräkna metallretentionen längs vattendragen på nationell nivå behövs ett annat urvalskriterie än de krav som ställts i denna studie. De platser som fanns tillgängliga för denna studie, visade dock att retention av metaller sker i vattendragen till olika grad. Fortsatt arbete bör därför beakta retention av metaller i både sjöar och vattendrag.Rekommendationer för fortsatt arbete:- Linjär regressionsmodell fungerar bäst för beräkning av den partikulära fraktionen av metaller och bör användas tillsvidare.- Ytterligare undersökningar av kolloidala och partikulära fraktioner, liknande den som genomförts för Pb i denna studie, rekommenderas för andra platser och metaller, vilket även innebär följande rekommendationer för att utöka underlagen: --Provtagning av sediment i de områden där den synoptiska provtagningen ägde rum.- Provtagning av filtrerade och ofiltrerade prover i de områden där den synoptiska provtagningen ägde rum.- Fortsatt arbete med retention av metaller rekommenderas starkt för att förbättra beräkningarna av bruttobelastningen av metallerna.- Öka antalet platser för kalibrering och validering genom föreslagna urvalskriterier.- Tillämpa Lindström och Håkanson-modellen på nationell nivå.
29.	Ekström, Magnus, et al. (författare) Long-Term Oxygen Therapy for 24 or 15 Hours per Day in Severe Hypoxemia 2024 Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Long-term oxygen supplementation for at least 15 hours per day prolongs survival among patients with severe hypoxemia. On the basis of a nonrandomized comparison, long-term oxygen therapy has been recommended to be used for 24 hours per day, a more burdensome regimen.METHODS: To test the hypothesis that long-term oxygen therapy used for 24 hours per day does not result in a lower risk of hospitalization or death at 1 year than therapy for 15 hours per day, we conducted a multicenter, registry-based, randomized, controlled trial involving patients who were starting oxygen therapy for chronic, severe hypoxemia at rest. The patients were randomly assigned to receive long-term oxygen therapy for 24 or 15 hours per day. The primary outcome, assessed in a time-to-event analysis, was a composite of hospitalization or death from any cause within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome assessed at 3 and 12 months.RESULTS: Between May 18, 2018, and April 4, 2022, a total of 241 patients were randomly assigned to receive long-term oxygen therapy for 24 hours per day (117 patients) or 15 hours per day (124 patients). No patient was lost to follow-up. At 12 months, the median patient-reported daily duration of oxygen therapy was 24.0 hours (interquartile range, 21.0 to 24.0) in the 24-hour group and 15.0 hours (interquartile range, 15.0 to 16.0) in the 15-hour group. The risk of hospitalization or death within 1 year in the 24-hour group was not lower than that in the 15-hour group (mean rate, 124.7 and 124.5 events per 100 person-years, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.36; 90% CI, 0.76 to 1.29; P = 0.007 for nonsuperiority). The groups did not differ substantially in the incidence of hospitalization for any cause, death from any cause, or adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with severe hypoxemia, long-term oxygen therapy used for 24 hours per day did not result in a lower risk of hospitalization or death within 1 year than therapy for 15 hours per day. (Funded by the Crafoord Foundation and others; REDOX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03441204.).
30.	Eliasson, Kristina, et al. (författare) Company representatives’ experiences of occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to hand-intensive work : A qualitative study 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Exposure assessment seldom precedes the medical health checks in occupational health surveillance. In order to emphasize the interconnection between exposure assessment and medical health checks, a process model was developed. The process model aimed to guide employers and Occupational Health Service providers through the execution of occupational health surveillance. The objective of this qualitative study is to explore company representatives’ experiences of the process model, in terms of feasibility and values, and to identify factors that facilitate or impede the process. Thirty-three company representatives from ten companies were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The company representatives experienced that the model contributed to increased risk awareness and understanding of the exposure effects on workers’ health. They valued the exposure assessments performed by an ergonomics expert, which led to the discovery of previously unidentified risks. The feasibility was facilitated by: a joint start-up meeting in which the process was planned, clear communication between the involved parties, and clarity regarding the process ownership. The findings reveal that a guiding process model is valuable for the execution of occupational health surveillance. However, the model should not only define the components included; a practical guide concerning how the process can be executed is also needed.
31.	Eliasson, Kristina, et al. (författare) Occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to hand-intensive work: Company representatives’ experiences of a model that interconnects exposure assessments and medical health checks Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
32.	Eliasson, Kristina, et al. (författare) Protocol for a qualitative research project exploring an occupational health surveillance model for workers exposed to hand-intensive work Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
33.	Eliasson, Kristina, et al. (författare) Study protocol for a qualitative research project exploring an occupational health surveillance model for workers exposed to hand-intensive work 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:17 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of this study protocol is to describe the development of a process model for occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to hand-intensive work (the HIW-model), and to describe the studies that will explore the model. The studies are designed to: (1) explore stakeholders' experiences of the model, and (2) explore if, and how, the model affects actions for reduction of exposure to hand-intensive work. The study protocol presents a research project that is described as two studies. The first study will explore company representatives' and ergonomists' experiences of the execution of the HIW-model and its various components concerning feasibility and values. Semi-structured interviews will constitute the data source. The second study will explore whether the execution of the HIW-model leads to work environmental changes, such as actions for reduction of exposure to hand-intensive work, and whether these potential actions are based on the ergonomist's feedback of the exposure assessment and the medical health checks. A mixed method approach will be applied, in which the data sources will be comprised of semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and documents. The project is expected to generate knowledge regarding the values of the HIW-model. The project is anticipated to shed light on factors that facilitate or impede execution of the model from the different stakeholders' perspectives; the employer's as having the legal responsibility for the work environment, and the occupational health service consultants', being the work environment experts supporting the employers.
34.	Emilsson, Össur Ingi, et al. (författare) Heritability of cough across two generations : the RHINESSA study. 2024 Ingår i: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 10:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: Heritability of cough has not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate if individuals with cough are more likely to have offspring who develop cough, and if these associations differ by type of cough (productive/nonproductive).METHODS: The RHINESSA Generation Study (Respiratory Health In Northern Europe, Spain and Australia) includes 7155 parents (initially aged 30-54) answering detailed questionnaires in 2000 and 2010, and 8176 offspring ≥20 years answering similar questionnaires in 2012-2019. Chronic cough was categorised as productive or nonproductive (dry) cough. Associations between parental and offspring cough were analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression, adjusting for offspring age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, education level, current asthma, rhinitis, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux; parent sex and smoking history; centre and family.RESULTS: Among parents with nonproductive cough, 11% of their offspring reported nonproductive cough, compared with 7% of offspring to parents without nonproductive cough, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.59 (95% confidence interval 1.20-2.10). Among parents with productive cough, 14% of their offspring reported productive cough, compared with 11% of offspring to parents without productive cough, aOR 1.34 (1.07-1.67). No associations were found between parent productive cough-offspring nonproductive cough, nor between parent nonproductive cough-offspring productive cough.CONCLUSIONS: Parents with chronic cough are more likely to have offspring with chronic cough independent of parental asthma, suggesting cough to be a separate heritable trait. The type of cough is important, as the nonproductive cough in parent associates only with nonproductive cough in offspring, and the same applied for productive cough.
35.	Ferrara, Giovanni, et al. (författare) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Sweden : report from the first year of activity of the Swedish IPF-Registry. 2016 Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an emerging problem in the western world, being related to increasing age and implying significant costs for the diagnosis and management of affected patients. The epidemiology of IPF is not well understood.METHODS: To allow estimates of the problem and eventually to evaluate quality of the care of IPF patients in Sweden, a national IPF Registry was started in the autumn of 2014. Data on criteria used to diagnose IPF, demographics, lung function, and quality of life (measured with the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire, K-BILD) were reported directly to the registry, based at the coordinating centre (Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden) via a web-based platform.RESULTS: During the first year, the registry was implemented in 11 (33%) of the 33 respiratory units in the country. Seventy-one patients were registered between October 2014 and October 2015, 50 (70.4%) males and 21 (29.6%) females. Median age was 70 (range 47-86). The mean K-BILD score at the first inclusion in the registry was 54.3+9.5.CONCLUSIONS: The main features of IPF patients in this first Swedish cohort were consistent with data published in the literature in main multinational randomized controlled trials. The K-BILD questionnaire showed that quality of life of patients with IPF and their perception of the disease are quite poor at the time of inclusion in the registry.
36.	Friederich, Malou, 1983-, et al. (författare) Identification and distribution of uncoupling protein isoforms in the normal and diabetic rat kidney 2009 Ingår i: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. - New York : Springer. - 0065-2598 .- 2214-8019. - 9780387859972 ; 645, s. 205-212 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 and -3 are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body but there is currently no information regarding the expression and distribution of the different UCP isoforms in the kidney. Due to the known cross-reactivity of the antibodies presently available for detection of UCP-2 and -3 proteins, we measured the mRNA expression of UCP-1, -2 and -3 in the rat kidney in order to detect the kidney-specific UCP isoforms. Thereafter, we determined the intrarenal distribution of the detected UCP isoforms using immunohistochemistry. Thereafter, we compared the protein levels in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using Western blot. Expressions of the UCP isoforms were also performed in brown adipose tissue and heart as positive controls for UCP-1 and 3, respectively. UCP-2 mRNA was the only isoform detected in the kidney. UCP-2 protein expression in the kidney cortex was localized to proximal tubular cells, but not glomerulus or distal nephron. In the medulla, UCP-2 was localized to cells of the medullary thick ascending loop of Henle, but not to the vasculature or parts of the nephron located in the inner medulla. Western blot showed that diabetic kidneys have about 2.5-fold higher UCP-2 levels compared to controls. In conclusion, UCP-2 is the only isoform detectable in the kidney and UCP-2 protein can be detected in proximal tubular cells and cells of the medullary thick ascending loop of Henle. Furthermore, diabetic rats have increased UCP-2 levels compared to controls, but the mechanisms underlying this increase and its consequences warrants further studies.
37.	Furusjö, Erik, et al. (författare) Miljögifter i Vänern - Vilka ämnen bör vi undersöka och varför? 2004 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract En utvärdering har gjorts avseende Vänerns vattenvårdsförbunds miljöövervaknings-program av miljögifter i fisk. De ämnen som regelbundet har mätts i abborre sedan 1996 är As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, PCB samt DDT vid fyra lokaler (Torsö, Millesvik, Åsunda samt Köpmannebro) samt Hg i gädda vid en lokal. Dessutom har punktinsatser gjorts avseende vissa andra ämnen såsom dioxiner, pesticider samt vattendirektivets prioriterade ämnen. Trender har analyserats och visar på ökande halter av Hg, Zn och Cu i abborre vid 1-2 stationer, samt minskande halter av PCB, Ni, och DDT i abborre vid 1-2 stationer. I jämförelse med andra svenska lokaler uppvisar Vänern likartade eller lägre koncentrationer av Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn samt DDT och något högre halter av As samt PCB. Halterna av PCB ligger långt under det uppsatta gränsvärdet, medan Hg och dioxiner ligger i närheten av eller strax över gränsvärdet. Vattendirektivets prioriterade ämnen i vänerfisk ligger i allmänhet under detektionsgränsen, eller under nivåer som kan betraktas som säkra för konsumtion. En analys har även gjorts avseende möjligheten att detektera trender förutsatt förändringar i programmet. Rekommendationer för framtida övervakning presenteras också.
38.	Goldhahn, Joakim, 1966-, et al. (författare) Bronsålderskust : Förstudie 2011-2012 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
39.	Grönholdt Palm, Julia, et al. (författare) Strategies to deal with information of different reliability exemplified by the use of QSARs to fill the algae data gaps in LCIAs of plastic additives 2015 Ingår i: SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Data gaps are problematic when screening fordangerous substances or in impact assessments where several chemicals are considered for evaluation. Lacking testing information can be replaced by non-testing information such as Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs), but even though this latter information comes with lower reliability, this is seldom taken into account in theforthcoming assessments. The difficulty to meet standards for best information calls for strategies to handle data gaps which take varying reliability in information into account. Using safety factors when reliability is low can be problematic since this result in more conservative evaluations of substances for which information is of lowreliability and an unknown level of risk aversion in the assessment. An alternative is to reflect lower reliability using probability distributions representing the expected error in the information and propagate this uncertainty in the forthcoming assessments using Monte Carlo analysis.It is even possible to let the error to expect from QSARs depend to what extent a substance falls inside the models domain of applicability.QSARs cannot fill all gaps in data. Default values can be used instead of leaving substances out of assessments, but if so, these should reflect lowreliability as well. We demonstrate the practical implications of four strategies to handle varying reliability in information on algal toxicity in a Life Cycle Impact Assessment on 159 plastic additives of concernusing emissions from societal plastic materials in Sweden. A review concluded that a small amount of these substances had toxicity data for algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. A QSAR was constructed which provided non-testing algal information of substances inside and on theborder of the models domain of applicability evaluated by PmodXPS.Substances with neither testing nor non-testing information were assigned default values. Screening based on characterization factors resulted in different rankings of substances when changing the level of cautiousness. The different strategies to handle varying reliability ininformation do more or less open up for quantifying uncertainty in Life Cycle Impact Assessments.
40.	Hettiarachchi, Pasan, et al. (författare) Validity of a Non-Proprietary Algorithm for Identifying Lying Down Using Raw Data from Thigh-Worn Triaxial Accelerometers 2021 Ingår i: Sensors. - Basel : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 21:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Body postural allocation during daily life is important for health, and can be assessed with thigh-worn accelerometers. An algorithm based on sedentary bouts from the proprietary ActivePAL software can detect lying down from a single thigh-worn accelerometer using rotations of the thigh. However, it is not usable across brands of accelerometers. This algorithm has the potential to be refined. Aim: To refine and assess the validity of an algorithm to detect lying down from raw data of thigh-worn accelerometers. Axivity-AX3 accelerometers were placed on the thigh and upper back (reference) on adults in a development dataset (n = 50) and a validation dataset (n = 47) for 7 days. Sedentary time from the open Acti4-algorithm was used as input to the algorithm. In addition to the thigh-rotation criterion in the existing algorithm, two criteria based on standard deviation of acceleration and a time duration criterion of sedentary bouts were added. The mean difference (95% agreement-limits) between the total identified lying time/day, between the refined algorithm and the reference was +2.9 (-135,141) min in the development dataset and +6.5 (-145,159) min in the validation dataset. The refined algorithm can be used to estimate lying time in studies using different accelerometer brands. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
41.	Holmquist, Hanna, 1982, et al. (författare) The potential to use QSAR to populate ecotoxicity characterisation factors for simplified LCIA and chemical prioritisation 2018 Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 23:11, s. 2208-2216 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: Today’s chemical society use and emit an enormous number of different, potentially ecotoxic, chemicals to the environment. The vast majority of substances do not have characterisation factors describing their ecotoxicity potential. A first stage, high throughput, screening tool is needed for prioritisation of which substances need further measures. Methods: USEtox characterisation factors were calculated in this work based on data generated by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to expand substance coverage where characterisation factors were missing. Existing QSAR models for physico-chemical data and ecotoxicity were used, and to further fill data gaps, an algae QSAR model was developed. The existing USEtox characterisation factors were used as reference to evaluate the impact from the use of QSARs to generate input data to USEtox, with focus on ecotoxicity data. An inventory of chemicals that make up the Swedish societal stock of plastic additives, and their associated predicted emissions, was used as a case study to rank chemicals according to their ecotoxicity potential. Results and discussion: For the 210 chemicals in the inventory, only 41 had characterisation factors in the USEtox database. With the use of QSAR generated substance data, an additional 89 characterisation factors could be calculated, substantially improving substance coverage in the ranking. The choice of QSAR model was shown to be important for the reliability of the results, but also with the best correlated model results, the discrepancies between characterisation factors based on estimated data and experimental data were very large. Conclusions: The use of QSAR estimated data as basis for calculation of characterisation factors, and the further use of those factors for ranking based on ecotoxicity potential, was assessed as a feasible way to gather substance data for large datasets. However, further research and development of the guidance on how to make use of estimated data is needed to achieve improvement of the accuracy of the results.
42.	Irander, Kristina, et al. (författare) Acoustic rhinometry, spirometry and nitric oxide in relation to airway allergy and smoking habits in an adolescent cohort 2011 Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 75:2, s. 177-181 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: This study aimed to analyze upper and lower airway function and the impact of smoking habits in a cohort of allergic and healthy adolescents. The influence of smoking habits on the outcomes of rhinitis and asthma is well documented, but only few reports are available showing smoke related upper airway impairment by rhinometric measurements, and none with focus on early changes in adolescents. Methods: A cohort followed from infancy was re-examined at the age of 18 years concerning allergy development. Acoustic rhinometry (VOL2), spirometry (FEV1) and measurements of nitric oxide levels from the upper (nNO) and lower airways (eNO) were performed before and after physical exercise, and smoking habits were registered. Results: Active smoking habits were reported by 4/21 subjects suffering from allergic rhinitis, by 1/4 from probable allergic rhinitis, by 0/3 subjects with atopic dermatitis and by 2/10 healthy controls. Smoking habits were reported as daily by 2 and occasional by 5 of the 7 active smokers. VOL2 did not increase in smokers after exercise as in non-smokers, resulting in a post-exercise group difference (7.3 +/- 1.1 cm(3) vs. 8.8 +/- 1.5 cm(3); p = 0.02), and FEV1 values were lower in smokers compared to non-smokers (89 +/- 7% vs. 98 +/- 8%; p 0.02). The nNO and eNO levels were, however, only slightly reduced in smokers. Airway allergy was discerned only in subjects with current allergen exposure by increased eNO levels compared to healthy controls (41 +/- 44 ppb vs. 13 +/- 5 ppb). The levels of VOL2, nNO and FEV1 did not differentiate allergic subjects from healthy controls. Conclusions: Low levels of tobacco smoke exposure resulted in reduced airway functions in this adolescent cohort. Acoustic rhinometry and spirometry were found to be more sensitive methods compared to nitric oxide measurements in early detection of airway impairment related to smoke exposure. A possible difference in airway vulnerability between allergic and healthy subjects due to smoke exposure remains to be evaluated in larger study groups.
43.	Irander, Kristina, et al. (författare) Clara cell protein in nasal lavage fluid and nasalnitric oxide - biomarkers with anti-inflammatoryproperties in allergic rhinitis 2012 Ingår i: Clinical and Molecular Allergy. - : BioMed Central Ltd.. - 1476-7961. ; 10:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundClara cell protein (CC16) is ascribed a protective and anti-inflammatory role in airway inflammation. Lower levels have been observed in asthmatic subjects as well as in subjects with intermittent allergic rhinitis than in healthy controls. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is present in high concentrations in the upper airways, and considered a biomarker with beneficial effects, due to inhibition of bacteria and viruses along with stimulation of ciliary motility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presumed anti-inflammatory effects of nasal CC16 and nNO in subjects with allergic rhinitis. MethodsThe levels of CC16 in nasal lavage fluids, achieved from subjects with persistent allergic rhinitis (n = 13), intermittent allergic rhinitis in an allergen free interval (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 7), were analyzed by Western blot. The levels of nNO were measured by the subtraction method using NIOX®. The occurrences of effector cells in allergic inflammation, i.e. metachromatic cells (MC, mast cells and basophiles) and eosinophils (Eos) were analyzed by light microscopy in samples achieved by nasal brushing. ResultsThe levels of CC16 correlated with nNO levels (r2 = 0.37; p = 0.02) in allergic subjects. The levels of both biomarkers showed inverse relationships with MC occurrence, as higher levels of CC16 (p = 0.03) and nNO (p = 0.05) were found in allergic subjects with no demonstrable MC compared to the levels in subjects with demonstrable MC. Similar relationships, but not reaching significance, were observed between the CC16 and nNO levels and Eos occurrence. The levels of CC16 and nNO did not differ between the allergic and the control groups. ConclusionsThe correlation between nasal CC16 and nNO levels in patients with allergic rhinitis, along with an inverse relationship between their levels and the occurrences of MC in allergic inflammation, may indicate that both biomarkers have anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of cell recruitment. The mechanisms behind these observations warrant further analyses.
44.	Irander, Kristina, 1943-, et al. (författare) Nasal nitric oxid and nasal nitrate and nitrite in relation to allergy and smoking habits 2008 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The role of nasally exhaled nitric oxide (nNO) in diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is still unclear, in contrast to orally exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), which is well established as a marker of inflammation in the lower airways. Objective: Levels of nNO, nitrite/nitrate in nasal lavage (NAL) and acoustic rhinometry results were analysed in order to evaluate these markers in allergic rhinitis. Methods: Altogether 45 subjects were subgrouped according to airway into: allergy with ongoing allergen exposure (I) or in a latent phase of exposure (II) and no allergy (III). The level of nNO was calculated by subtraction of eNO after mouthwash from nasally exhaled NO. The findings were related to acoustic rhinometry and spirometry, before and after an exercise provocation of the airways. Nitrite/nitrate levels were analysed by the Greiss reaction after reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Results: A weak correlation between nNO and nitrite/nitrate levels was found in males, but neither of these markers nor acoustic rhinometry showed differences between the subgroups. In contrast, eNO, but not spirometry, differentiated allergy with ongoing allergen exposure from allergy in a latent phase of exposure and no allergy. Conclusions: No difference of nNO levels was found in allergic and normal subjects.
45.	Israelsson-Skogsberg, Åsa, et al. (författare) Young adults’ narratives about living with home mechanical ventilation – a phenomenological hermeneutical study 2023 Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PurposeAn increasing number of children and young adults with complex medical conditions and respiratory failure are treated with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). The current study aimed to describe how young adults using HMV experience their everyday life with the ventilator, their physical impairments and their opportunities for an educational and professional career.Materials and methodsData were collected via narrative interviews with nine young HMV users (3 females and 6 males, aged 18–31 years) in their homes. Two were ventilated invasively, six were ventilated non-invasively and one was treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via facemask. Data were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.ResultA multi-professional team contributed to participants’ safety and ability to participate in society through higher education and professional work. A good and valuable life, mostly feeling healthy were experienced but also prejudice and stiffened social society structures.ConclusionThe findings of this study prove the importance of having long-standing access to a competent and supportive available multi-professional healthcare team when living with a long-term complex condition. These teams provided well-functioning human and technological support in everyday lives.Implications for Rehabilitation· An increasing number of children and young adults are treated with home mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure.· The home mechanical ventilation treatment provided rest from breathing and improved sleep quality in such a way that work and higher studies could be managed.· Longstanding access to a supportive multi-professional healthcare team provided feelings of being safe, which in turn boosted self-confidence in life and preparedness to meet new challenges.
46.	Jacobs, Anna, Ph. D., et al. (författare) Isolation and characterization of water-soluble hemicelluloses from flax shive 2003 Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 338:18, s. 1869-1876 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
47.	Karlsson, Magnus, et al. (författare) Interdisciplinary energy system methodology : A compilation of research methods used in the Energy Systems Programme 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The purpose of this volume is to present the basics of our methods used within the Energy Systems Programme and to introduce how we have combined methods in earlier research. A research-oriented learning experience includes a formal and informal process of gaining and utilizing knowledge in an area of interest. In our short description of the methods, e end up with a rather formal description of the essence of each method; however, this should be seen as an introduction to methods as a whole, where the reader can deepen their understanding of a method by looking at the reference literature given. We also hope that our book will contribute to vibrant discussions within your research environment concerning the pros and cons of different methods, and the possibilities and limitations when combining different methods. We also encourage the reader to contact people familiar with a method to discuss their experiences and understand that there are lessons to be learned from them.In this chapter, we will introduce the methods presented here. However, we will start by introducing the system perspective and explain how to do a system analysis.
48.	Karlsson, Magnus, et al. (författare) Interdisciplinary Energy System Methodology : A compilation of research methods used in the Energy Systems Programme 2011 Rapport (refereegranskat)
49.	Karlsson, Magnus, 1966-, et al. (författare) Kurser på tvären 2007 Ingår i: Att forska på tvären- Erfarenheter från 10 år av tvärvetenskap inom forskarskolan Program Energisystem. - Linköping : Program Energisystem. ; , s. 17-24 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
50.	Karlsson, Magnus, et al. (författare) Metoder för tvärvetenskaplig analys av energisystem - några exempel : Essäer från doktorandkursen : Systemanalys med metodexempel från energiområdet 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Program Energisystem är ett forskningsprogram och en forskarskola som startades 1997 och består av fem olika avdelningar vid fyra universitet i Sverige. De deltagande forskarna tillhör inte bara olika ämnen utan också helt olika fakulteter. Inom ramarna för Program Energisystem arbetar tekniker och samhällsvetare tillsammans för att studera energifrågorna ur olika infallsvinklar. Det är inte bara tekniken i sig, utan även hur den påverkas av bland annat samhällets regelsystem, politiska beslutsprocesser och olika aktörers intressen som studeras. Följande avdelningar deltar i Program Energisystem: Energiprocesser, KTHEnergisystem, Linköpings universitetFasta Tillståndets Fysik, Uppsala universitetTema Teknik och social förändring, Linköpings universitetVärmeteknik och maskinlära, Chalmers Nya doktorander har antagits vartannat år, med början 1997 vilket lett till att 7 doktorandgrupper har antagits till programmet. Den senaste antagningen genomfördes under hösten 2010. Varje årskull läser ett gemensamt kurspaket om 45 högskolepoäng. Kurspaketet har förändrats något under årens lopp, men huvudlinjerna är kvar. För doktoranderna som antogs 2010 ingår följande kurser i detta kurspaket: Vetenskapsteori, 6hpPerspectives on Energy Systems, 7,5hpSystemanalys med metodexempel från energiområdet, 12hpTvärprojekt i energisystem, 15hpPraktisk tvärvetenskap inom energiområdet, 4,5hp Kurserna är öppna för andra doktorander i mån av plats och denna bok är ett resultat av de uppsatser som doktoranderna skrev under ”Systemanalys med metodexempel från energiområdet” och utgör en del i examinationen.

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