| 1. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Odling av rörflen - Sortförsök, odlingsåtgärder och klimatpåverkan : Projekt Bioenergigårdar i ett nytt landskap - Slutrapport 1 Delprojekt FoU
- 2011
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Projekt Bioenergigårdar i ett nytt landskap var ett utvecklingsprojekt som drevs av länsstyrelsen Västerbotten 2008-2011. Ett delprojekt, delprojekt FoU, drevs av institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap och enheten för biomassateknologi och kemi på SLU Umeå. Delprojektet har i huvudsak finansierats av Kempestiftelserna, men också av SLU och EU. Forskning kring rörflen som energigröda har bedrivits vid SLU Umeå sedan senare delen av 1980-talet. Det är dock först genom projektet "Ökad produktion av biobränsleråvara - minskat oljeberoende" 2006-2007 och Bioenergigårdar som odling i länet kommit igång i kommersiell skala. Tidigare forskningsinsatser vid SLU och erfarenheter och önskemål från pågående verksamhet med rörflensodling har lett fram till fem aktivitetsområden och huvudinriktningar. Alla delrapporter från undersökningar och experiment har sammanställts till två slutrapporter. Rapport 1 publiceras av institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap, SLU Umeå: 1. Sortprövning av rörflen- Provning av kommersiella sorter och lovande nummersorter på fler platser än förut. 2. Produktion av åkerbränsle- Hur kan man minska gödslingskostnaderna och varför drabbas produktionen ibland av svackor? 3. Åkerbränsle miljöaspekter- Hur mycket kol lagrar rörflen i rötter och jord och hur påverkar rörflensodling koldioxidavgången från dikad torvmark? Rapport 2 publiceras av enheten för biomassateknologi och kemi, SLU Umeå: 4. Skörd och transportsystem- Vilka skördesystem och transportsystem är effektivast och billigast för att få fram dels lös hackad rörflen, dels balad rörflen som kan lagras? 5. Bränsleförädling och förbränning- Studier av brikettering, tillsatser, bränslemixar och pannor.
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| 2. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Reed canary grass on an abandoned agricultural peat soil. Carbon dioxide emissions during two growing seasons after restoration.
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In northern Scandinavia vast areas of agricultural land on peat soil have been abandoned the last 50 years. This land is still drained and thus carbon dioxide emissions can be substantial. Reed canary grass can be a suitable energy crop for some of the abandoned peatland that is easiest to restore. Reed canary grass is a perennial grass that can be harvested for more than ten years without reestablishment when successfully established. Nutrient recycling to the rhizomes makes the fertilizer demand low, and the crop sequesters CO2 by a large allocation of carbon to rhizomes and roots. A field near Malå in Sweden was restored using open ditches on one part and tile draining on another part and reed canary grass was sown in 2010. Carbon dioxide emissions were measured using the EGM 4 portable equipment from PP systems, water content was measured using profile probe PR2 and groundwater level was measured in ground water tubes using a "plopper" groundwater level meter. The first growing season there were higher carbon dioxide emissions and lower groundwater level and water content on the nearby field that was not restored, than on the reed canary grass field. The reason could to be compaction of peat on the restored field by agricultural machinery and higher transpiration and respiration from the dense grass vegetation on the abandoned field, than from the newly established reed canary grass. The second growing season, a randomized experiment with raised groundwater level was performed on the tile drained part. Neither carbon dioxide emissions nor the growth of the reed canary grass were affected by the higher groundwater level. In conclusion, there was no indication that restoration of abandoned agricultural field to reed canary grass production gave higher carbon dioxide emissions from decomposition of the peat substrate than the abandoned field. More research is needed to be able to quantify carbon dioxide emissions on a yearly basis from the field.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Lenastina, et al.
(författare)
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Mälsåker Revisited: Museum och Iscensättning. : Kungl Konsthögskolan. Restaureringskonst 2015-2016
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten redovisar arbeten från kursen Restaureringskonst på Konsthögskolan som under läsåret 2015-2016 har arbetat med tema Museum och Iscensättning. Hur kulturmiljöer påverkas när de blir museum, hur man restaurerar för museum, hur man bevarar och utvecklar en plats för kunskapsutbyte, bildning och upplevelser. Mälsåkers slott, utanför Mariefred, förvaltat av Statens Fastighetsverk, var studieobjekt för 20 studenter, (yrkesverksamma arkitekter, antikvarier, ingenjörer, konservatorer m fl) där utbildningens olika studiemoment som uppmätning, inventering, dokumentation har tillämpats. Fältarbetet har följts av studier i historik, kulturhistorisk värdering och analyser som gett visioner och gestaltningsförslag på ny verksamhet i slottet. Rapporten presenterar förslagen, med text, skisser, foton och ritningar. Fyra olika typer av museum med varierande grad av åtgärder, förändringar och utveckling av slottet. Restaureringsexperiment redovisas utifrån traditionella och digitala dokumentationsmetoder. Dessutom finns arbeten om barockens ljus, bladguld, brandskydd, pod-radio, kraftstation, engelska parken, dekorationsmålade tak, Gustavianum, Julius Kronbergs ateljé och barockträdgård m m. Förslagen visar att det är möjligt att transformera Mälsåkers barockslott till ett museum av idag med bibehållen historik och synliga tidslager.
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| 5. |
- Bernes, Gun, et al.
(författare)
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Djupströbäddar för får - växtnäringsvärde och jämförelse av strömaterial
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De allra flesta svenska får går på djupströbädd under vintern. Det är viktigt att gårdens växtnäringsbalans optimeras, men kunskapen om växtnäringsinnehåll, kväveförluster och växtnäringsvärde i djupströgödsel från får har varit mycket bristfällig. Syftet med projektet har varit att öka kunskapen om växtnäringsinnehållet i djupströgödsel från får; att undersöka hur ströbädden fungerar under stallperioden och under mellanlagring på stall inne eller i högar ute, att beräkna hur mycket gödseln är värd i växtnäringscirkulationen på gården och hur stora förlusterna är, samt att jämföra kornhalm och rörflen som strömedel till får. I två stallförsök på Röbäcksdalens forskningsstation i Umeå hölls tackor och tacklamm i boxar som ströades med antingen halm eller rörflen. Tillväxten hos tacklammen var 50 g per dag och det var ingen skillnad mellan strömedlen. Luftkvalitén i stallet var god; ammoniakhalten var i medeltal 2,4 ppm och koldioxidhalten 637 ppm vilket tyder på en tillfredsställande luftväxling. Stalltemperaturen var något högre än utomhustemperaturen (genomsnittlig skillnad 2,6–2,9o C) och den varierade mellan -18°C och +13°C. Både rörflen och kornhalm fungerar bra som strömedel till får, både vad gäller bäddens renhet och nedbrytning av bädden, men det går åt ca 10 % mer rörflen för samma renhet. Rörflen dammar något mer vid ströning än halm. Den genomsnittliga tjockleken på ströbäddarna i slutet av stallperioderna var 33-35 cm för halm och 36-37 cm för rörflen. Temperaturen på 85 mm djup i bäddarna var i medeltal 17°C och det var ingen skillnad mellan strömedlen. Gödseln från de båda strömedlen skilde inte heller nämnvärt i växtnäringsinnehåll, utom för kalium där rörflen hade lägre halter än halm. Vid provtagningar före och efter lagringen inomhus var medelvärdena för innehållet i ett ton gödsel 11,2 kg totalkväve, 3,0 kg ammoniumkväve, 2,2 kg fosfor och 14 kg kalium. Vid lagring i hög utomhus under maj-oktober ökade temperaturen snabbt inuti högarna till 60-75°C. Den sjönk sedan under hela sommaren för att närma sig utomhustemperaturen när försöket avslutades i mitten av oktober. Temperaturhöjningen beror på nedbrytning av organiskt material, kompostering. Balanser visar att mängden torrsubstans i högarna minskade med 55-63 %. Däremot minskade inte vikten på gödseln eftersom vattenhalten ökade på grund av nederbörden under sommaren. I slutet av lagringen utomhus var medelvärdena för innehållet i ett ton gödsel 7,0 kg totalkväve, 0,8 kg ammoniumkväve, 1,6 kg fosfor och 12 kg kalium. Värdet på gödseln efter lagring i hög var ca 180 kr per ton. Ungefär 100 kr per ton hade förlorats under lagringen på grund av växtnäringsförluster. Djupströbäddarna med kornhalm eller rörflen förlorade små mängder kväve under stallperioden och lagringen inomhus (10–12 %). Vid lagring av bäddarna inomhus i fyra månader efter stallperioden ändrades inte halterna av olika näringsämnen signifikant. Däremot försvann en stor del av kvävet under lagringen utomhus i högar (35-51 %). Kvävets tillgänglighet minskar drastiskt i gödseln vid lagring i högar som inte är täckta eftersom det som försvinner är växttillgängligt ammonium. En kompletterande studie av djupströgödsel från fårproducenter i Skåne och Västerbotten bekräftade att ammoniumhalterna är betydligt högre i gödsel från stallet än efter lagring utomhus.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bernes, Gun, et al.
(författare)
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Växtnäringsvärde i djupströgödsel från får
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nytt / Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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N-2 fixation in three perennial Trifolium species in experimental grasslands of varied plant species richness and composition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1385-0237 .- 1573-5052. ; 205, s. 87-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is the first to investigate quantitative effects of plant community composition and diversity on N-2 fixation in legumes. N-2 fixation in three perennial Trifolium species grown in field plots with varied number of neighbouring species was evaluated with the N-15 natural abundance method (two field sites, several growing seasons, no N addition) and the isotope dilution method (one site, one growing season, 5 g N m(-2)). The proportion of plant N derived from N-2 fixation, pNdfa, was generally high, but the N addition decreased pNdfa, especially in species-poor communities. Also following N addition, the presence of grasses in species-rich communities increased pNdfa in T. hybridum and T. repens L., while legume abundance had the opposite effect. In T. repens, competition for light from grasses appeared to limit growth and thereby the amount of N-2 fixed at the plant level, expressed as mg N-2 fixed per sown seed. We conclude that the occurrence of diversity effects seems to be largely context dependent, with soil N availability being a major determinant, and that species composition and functional traits are more important than species richness regarding how neighbouring plant species influence N-2 fixation in legumes.
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| 9. |
- Hossain, Shakhawat, et al.
(författare)
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Effekter av olika växtföljder på rotröta hos klöver
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We studied effects of crop rotations with different amounts of grass/clover ley, especially the effect of fodder rape on the development of clover root rot in red clover. Clover plants, one to three and a half years old, with the root-system were collected from a long-term crop rotation experiment in spring and late autumn. Disease severity index (DSI) of clover root rot and the abundance of the clover root rot causal organism Fusarium avenaceum was evaluated. The results showed that development of clover root rot clearly depends on the age of clover plants regardless of the cropping system. Even though there was a higher abundance of F. avenaceum in one year old clover from crop rotations with more ley, this effect did not persist with increasing age of clover. We did not find any robust correlation between the level of DSI and the abundance of F. avenaceum in clover root. In conclusion, the crops and crop rotations used in this long term-experiment were not effective as control of clover root rot and did not increase the longevity of clover in the leys. This project has been financed by The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry.
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| 10. |
- Huss-Danell, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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General stabilizing effects of plant diversity on grassland productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 91, s. 2213-2220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insurance effects of biodiversity can stabilize the functioning of multispecies ecosystems against environmental variability when differential species' responses lead to asynchronous population dynamics. When responses are not perfectly positively correlated, declines in some populations are compensated by increases in others, smoothing variability in ecosystem productivity. This variance reduction effect of biodiversity is analogous to the risk-spreading benefits of diverse investment portfolios in financial markets.We use data from the BIODEPTH network of grassland biodiversity experiments to perform a general test for stabilizing effects of plant diversity on the temporal variability of individual species, functional groups, and aggregate communities. We tested three potential mechanisms: reduction of temporal variability through population asynchrony; enhancement of long-term average performance through positive selection effects; and increases in the temporal mean due to overyielding.Our results support a stabilizing effect of diversity on the temporal variability of grassland aboveground annual net primary production through two mechanisms. Two-species communities with greater population asynchrony were more stable in their average production over time due to compensatory fluctuations. Overyielding also stabilized productivity by increasing levels of average biomass production relative to temporal variability. However, there was no evidence for a performance-enhancing effect on the temporal mean through positive selection effects. In combination with previous work, our results suggest that stabilizing effects of diversity on community productivity through population asynchrony and overyielding appear to be general in grassland ecosystems.
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| 11. |
- Kolb, Gundula S., et al.
(författare)
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Ecological Stoichiometry and Density Responses of Plant-Arthropod Communities on Cormorant Nesting Islands
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:4, s. e61772-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seabirds deposit large amounts of nutrient rich guano on their nesting islands. The increased nutrient availability strongly affects plants and consumers. Consumer response differs among taxonomic groups, but mechanisms causing these differences are poorly understood. Ecological stoichiometry might provide tools to understand these mechanisms. ES suggests that nutrient rich taxa are more likely to be nutrient limited than nutrient poorer taxa and are more favored under nutrient enrichment. Here, we quantified differences in the elemental composition of soil, plants, and consumers between islands with and without nesting cormorant colonies and tested predictions made based on ES by relating the elemental composition and the eventual mismatch between consumer and resource stoichiometry to observed density differences among the island categories. We found that nesting cormorants radically changed the soil nutrient content and thereby indirectly plant nutrient content and resource quality to herbivores. In contrast, consumers showed only small differences in their elemental composition among the island categories. While we cannot evaluate the cause of the apparent homeostasis of invertebrates without additional data, we can conclude that from the perspective of the next trophic level, there is no difference in diet quality (in terms of N and P content) between island categories. Thus, bottom-up effects seemed mainly be mediated via changes in resource quantity not quality. Despite a large potential trophic mismatch we were unable to observe any relation between the invertebrate stoichiometry and their density response to nesting cormorant colonies. We conclude that in our system stoichiometry is not a useful predictor of arthropod responses to variation in resource nutrient content. Furthermore, we found no strong evidence that resource quality was a prime determinant of invertebrate densities. Other factors like resource quantity, habitat structure and species interactions might be more important or masked stoichiometric effects.
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| 12. |
- Kolb, Gundula S., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Nesting Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) on Soil Chemistry, Microbial Communities and Soil Fauna
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-9840 .- 1435-0629. ; 18:4, s. 643-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seabirds act as vectors transporting marine nutrients to land by feeding on fish while nesting and roosting on islands. By depositing large amounts of nutrient-rich guano on their nesting islands they strongly affect island soils, vegetation and consumers. However, few studies have investigated how nesting seabirds affect soil communities. In this study, we investigated how cormorant nesting colonies affect soil chemistry, soil microbes and soil and litter fauna on their nesting islands in the Stockholm archipelago, Sweden. We found that cormorant colonies strongly increase organic soil N and P concentrations, and the effect is stronger close to cormorant nests. Microbial communities were studied by extracting phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from the soil. The total amounts of PLFA and the amount of PLFA indicating bacterial biomass were lower on active cormorant islands than on reference islands. Furthermore, PLFA structure and thus microbial community structure differed between cormorant and reference islands. Among ten investigated soil and litter arthropod groups three groups (Thysanoptera, Araneae and Oribatida) showed lower densities and one group (Astigmata) showed higher densities in soils on active cormorant than on reference islands. Some arthropod groups showed strong spatial variation on the cormorant islands. Astigmata, Mesostigmata and Diptera showed higher densities in soil samples close to cormorant nests, whereas Oribatida, Collembola and Hemiptera showed lower densities in litter samples close to cormorant nests than in samples taken 3-20 m away from nests. Overall, the cormorant colonies strongly affected soil ecosystems of their nesting islands, but causal correlations between arthropod densities and soil factors were difficult to reveal. One likely reason may be that nesting cormorant islands are very heterogeneous habitats showing large spatial variation in both soil properties as well as fauna densities.
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| 13. |
- Kolb, Gundula S., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of nesting cormorants on plant and arthropod diversity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 35:8, s. 726-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seabirds can strongly affect several major factors correlated with species diversity by concentrating marine nutrients on their nesting islands and by physically disturbing island vegetation. In this study, we investigated the effects of nesting cormorants on the abundance, species richness, and composition of plants and arthropods (Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Araneae, and Chironomidae) on islands in Stockholm archipelago, Sweden. Nesting cormorants negatively affected plant species richness and vegetation cover and that changed plant species composition. The effect of nesting cormorants on island arthropods varied between feeding groups and sampling methods. Most orders did not change in abundance or species richness but some, such as coleopterans and spiders changed in species composition. Herbivorous coleopterans were generally negatively affected by cormorants whereas fungivorous species and scavengers were generally positively affected. In structural equation modeling we found that the effect of cormorants was sometimes direct, such as on scavengers, but many effects on island consumers were mediated by changes in vegetation caused by cormorant presence. Overall, arthropod communities were highly dissimilar between cormorant and reference islands, and we therefore conclude that nesting cormorants not only affect the diversity of their nesting islands but also of the archipelago as a whole. The total diversity in the archipelago may increase through regional increased habitat heterogeneity and by adding species which are favored by seabirds (e.g. scavenging and fungivorous coleopterans).
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Optimering av egenproducerat proteinfoder med rätt mängd stallgödsel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Report from the Department of Crop Production Ecology (VPE). - 1653-5375. ; , s. 162 - 165
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samodling av ärt och havre kan vara ett alternativ till inköpt proteinfoder som både ger ett bättre näringsutnyttjande på gårdsnivå och en högre grad av självhushållning, Syftet med denna gödslingsstudie var att finna optimal gödselgiva för en stor avkastning av denna gröda, med litet kväveläckage och bibehållet stort kväveutnyttjande i kallare klimat. Tre kvävenivåer av nötflytgödsel jämfördes med motsvarande kvävenivåer av mineralgödsel och en kontrollruta som inte fick något kväve alls. De preliminära resultatetn visar ingen skillnad i avkastning mellan de olika gödselbehandlingarna och kontrollrutan. När ärt utgör den övervägande delen av foderblandningen verkar ingen kvävegödsling behövas då ärtens kvävefixering kan försörja foderblandningen med kvävet.
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| 15. |
- Lindvall, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Alternativ gödsling till rörflen
- 2011
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Ingår i: Rapport / SLU, Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Lindvall, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Ash as a phosphorus fertilizer to reed canary grass: effects of nutrient and heavy metal composition on plant and soil
- 2015
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 7, s. 553-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fertilization effects and risks of heavy metal enrichment were studied in a field experiment, in which plots of reed canary grass (RCG) were treated annually with three different fertilizers: Ash from co-combustion of RCG and municipal wastes (mixed ash), pure RCG ash, and commercial fertilizer (control). RCG ash is a waste product that is currently expensive to dispose of. The amounts of nutrients applied annually were 100kgha(-1)N, 15kgha(-1) P, and 80kgha(-1)K in all treatments. In the ash treatments, all P derived from ash, whereas N and part of the K were supplemented by fertilizers. The amount of heavy metals exceeded the limits set by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for all elements analyzed in the mixed ash and for Ni and Cr in the RCG ash. There were no significant differences between treatments in terms of RCG dry matter yield obtained at harvest in spring, or in heavy metal concentrations in the biomass. Soil samples from 0-5cm, 5-10cm, and 10-20cm below the surface showed significant differences between treatments for the concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, with higher concentrations in plots fertilized with mixed ash than in the control. Neither spring yield nor soil available P was reduced by using ash instead of mineral P fertilizer, suggesting that pure RCG ash can be used to complement commercial fertilizer, albeit less frequently than here. However, ash derived from co-combusting RCG with different waste materials (mixed ash treatment) should not be used in RCG production due to the high heavy metal content.
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| 17. |
- Lindvall, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment of reed canary grass with perennial legumes or barley and different fertilization treatments: effects on yield, botanical composition and nitrogen fixation
- 2012
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Ingår i: GCB Bioenergy. - : Wiley. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 4, s. 661-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two field experiments in northern Sweden, we investigated if intercropping reed canary grass (RCG; Phalaris arundinacea L.) with nitrogen-fixing perennial legumes could reduce N-fertilizer requirements and also if RCG ash or sewage sludge could be used as a supplement for mineral P and K. We compared biomass production, N uptake and N-fixation of RCG in monoculture and mixtures of RCG with alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), goat's rue (Galega orientalis Lam.) and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.). In one experiment, RCG was also undersown in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Three fertilization treatments were applied: 100 kg N ha-1, 50 kg N ha-1 and 50 kg N ha-1 + RCG ash/sewage sludge. We used a delayed harvest method: cutting the biomass in late autumn, leaving it on the field during the winter and harvesting in spring. The legume biomass of the mixtures at the inland experimental site was small and did not affect RCG growth negatively. At the coastal site, competition from higher amount of clover biomass affected RCG growth and spring yield negatively. N-fixation in red clover and alsike clover mixtures in the first production year approximately covered half of recommended N-fertilization rate. Goat's rue and kura clover did not establish well at the costal site, but at the inland site goat's rue formed a small but vital undergrowth. RCG undersown in barley gave lower yield, both in autumn and spring, than the other treatments. The high N treatment gave a higher spring yield at the inland site than the low N treatments, but there were no differences due to fertilization treatments at the coastal site. For spring harvest, there were no yield benefits of RCG/legume intercropping compared with RCG monoculture. However, intercropping might be more beneficial in a two-harvest system.
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| 18. |
- Lindvall, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Use of ashes as a fertilizer in reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) grown as an energy crop
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combusted reed canary grass (RCG) produces high amounts of ash and deposition costs are high. Thus it is desirable that RCG ashes, pure or in mixtures, can be recycled to the fields. A field trial was established in spring 2002 to asses the risk of enrichment of heavy metals and the fertilization effect using annual ash applications. Three different treatments were applied; ash from co-combustion of RCG and municipal wastes (mixed ash), pure RCG ash and a control treatment with only commercial fertilizers. The yearly applied amounts of nutrients were 100 kg ha-1 N, 15 kg ha-1 P and 80 kg ha-1 K in all treatments, with all P coming from ash in the ash treatments and K and N supplemented by fertilizers. In the control treatment P was given as Ca(H2PO4)2. There were no significant differences between treatments in dry matter yields in spring (2003-2009) but large variation between years. There were no significant differences in heavy metal concentration in the biomass between treatments. Soil samples from 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm showed significant differences between treatments for Cd, Pb and Zn in the uppermost soil level only, with higher contents in the mixed ash treatment. The ashes we used did not affect the growth negatively and pure RCG ash can be used as a complement to commercial fertilizers. Ashes from co-burning of RCG with different waste materials as in the treatment with mixed ash shouldnotbe spreadon agricultural land.
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| 19. |
- Lindvall, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Use of ashes as a fertilizer in reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) grown as an energy crop
- 2011
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Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; , s. 166-166
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combusted reed canary grass (RCG) produces relatively high amounts of ash. Deposition of large amounts of ash is both costly and may cause environmental problem. Alternatively RCG ashes can be seen as a resource of nutrient elements that can be recycled as fertilizer in agriculture. A field trial was established at SLUs field station in Umeå in the spring 2002 to asses the risk of enrichment of heavy metals using annual ash applications. Three different treatments were applied: Ash from combustion of RCG together with municipal wastes (A), ash from RCG (B) and commercial fertilizers (C). The concentrations of plant nutrients and heavy metals are shoved in Table 1. The yearly applied amounts of nutrients were 100 kg ha-1 N, 15 kg ha-1 P and 80 kg ha-1 K. The amount of ash in treatments A and B was calculated to be equal to the required amount of P while the required amounts of N and K were complemented by commercial fertilizers. The trial was harvested each spring 2003-2009. There was large variation in dry matter yield between years but no significant differences between treatments were found. We also found no significant differences in heavy metal content of the grass between treatments. The grass content was lower for most elements in 2009 than in 2004, only Zn showed a significantly higher level (p<0.05). Soil samples from 3 levels; 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm showed significant differences between treatments for Cd, Pb and Zn only in the uppermost level (Table 2), with higher contents in treatment A. The differences between levels were mainly small, and compared to samples from 2003, there seems to be no tendency to enrichment during this period of time. In conclusion, the ash we used did not negatively affect the growth of RCG and can be used as a complement to commercial fertilizers, but ashes from mixed combustion need to be analyzed for heavy metals before use. Table 1. Concentration of P, K, Mg, Ca, S and heavy metals in the ashes used in the experiment. A = ash from combustion of RCG together with municipal wastes, B = pure RCG ash. Table 2. Concentrations of trace elements in top soil (0-20 cm) in spring 2003 and the uppermost level (0-5 cm) in spring 2009. The upper limits for soil content, when it is allowed to spread sewage sludge, are issued by Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Means with different letters differ significantly between treatments, p<0.05
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Carbon dioxide emissions from peat soil on a newly restored reed canary grass field and a nearby, abandoned agricultural field
- 2012
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In northern Scandinavia vast areas of agricultural land on peat soil have been abandoned the last 50 years. This land is still drained and thus carbon dioxide emissions can be substantial. Reed canary grass can be a suitable energy crop for some of the abandoned peatland that is easiest to restore. A field near Malå in Sweden was restored using open ditches on one part and tile draining on another part and reed canary grass was sown in 2010. Carbon dioxide emissions were measured using the EGM 4 portable equipment from PP systems, water content was measured using profile probe PR2 and groundwater level was measured in ground water tubes using a "plopper" groundwater level meter. The first growing season there were higher carbon dioxide emissions and lower groundwater level and water content on the nearby field that was not restored, than on the reed canary grass field. The reason could to be compaction of peat on the restored field by agricultural machinery and higher transpiration and respiration from the dense grass vegetation on the abandoned field. The second growing season, a randomized experiment with raised groundwater level was performed on the tile drained part. Neither carbon dioxide emissions nor the growth of the reed canary grass were affected by the higher groundwater level. In conclusion, there was no indication that restoration of abandoned agricultural field to reed canary grass production gave higher carbon dioxide emissions from decomposition of the peat substrate. For quantifications more research is needed.
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| 22. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Carbon dioxide emissions from reed canary grass during two growing seasons after restoration of an abandoned agricultural peat soil
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 62, s. 238-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reed canary grass (RCG) can be a suitable energy crop on abandoned agricultural peatland as it can be harvested for more than 10 years without re-establishment, and nutrient recycling to rhizomes lowers the fertilizer demand. A field near Mala in Sweden was restored by improving drainage and sowing RCG in 2010. In the first growing season, CO2 emissions from the soil were lower and groundwater level and soil water content higher for the RCG field than for a nearby unrestored field. Possible reasons were peat compaction by agricultural machinery in the restored field and higher transpiration and respiration from vegetation in the unrestored field. In the second growing season, the groundwater level was raised in some restored plots and CO2 emissions and RCG growth were found to be unaffected by this practice.
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| 23. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Cumulative nitrogen enrichment alters the drivers of grassland overyielding
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Communications biology. - 2399-3642. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of plant diversity on grassland productivity, or overyielding, are found to be robust to nutrient enrichment. However, the impact of cumulative nitrogen (N) addition (total N added over time) on overyielding and its drivers are underexplored. Synthesizing data from 15 multi-year grassland biodiversity experiments with N addition, we found that N addition decreases complementarity effects and increases selection effects proportionately, resulting in no overall change in overyielding regardless of N addition rate. However, we observed a convex relationship between overyielding and cumulative N addition, driven by a shift from complementarity to selection effects. This shift suggests diminishing positive interactions and an increasing contribution of a few dominant species with increasing N accumulation. Recognizing the importance of cumulative N addition is vital for understanding its impacts on grassland overyielding, contributing essential insights for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem resilience in the face of increasing N deposition.15 multi-year grassland biodiversity experiments suggest that with increasing cumulative nitrogen addition, the effect of diversity on productivity becomes increasingly reliant on a small number of dominant species rather than on overall species richness.
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| 24. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Demand for K and P in reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) during the harvest years
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Grassland Science in Europe. ; 19, s. 498-501
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reed canary grass (RCG) is a tall perennial grass that can be used as fuel in boilers if harvested in a delayed harvest system. To increase the crop's ability to compete with forest fuels, there is a need for cropping cost reductions. We did fertilization experiments during two harvest years at two sites in Sweden, one in the north and one in the south, to determine if P and K fertilization can be reduced and to determine the effect of recycling of RCG ash as a fertilizer. All treatments were given 100 kg N per ha. Both sites were moderately low in plant available P and K. There was no increase in RCG yield by P, K or RCG ash fertilization. However, significant differences in the P and K concentrations in the crop and in plant available P and K in the soil were observed. We conclude that even in relatively P and K poor soils, P and K fertilization of RCG can be omitted or replaced with recycling of RCG ash without any negative short-term effects on yields.
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| 25. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature ecology & evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 1, s. 1639-1642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning generally increase over time, but the underlying processes remain unclear. Using 26 long-term grassland and forest experimental ecosystems, we demonstrate that biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships strengthen mainly by greater increases in functioning in high-diversity communities in grasslands and forests. In grasslands, biodiversity effects also strengthen due to decreases in functioning in low-diversity communities. Contrasting trends across grasslands are associated with differences in soil characteristics.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of diversity effects is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher species-level productivity in diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that the temporal strength of diversity effects at the community scale is underpinned by temporal changes in the species that yield. These temporal trends of species-level overyielding are shaped by plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited by functional traits. In grasslands, the temporal strengthening of biodiversity effects on community productivity was associated with increasing biomass overyielding of resource-conservative species increasing over time, and with overyielding of species characterized by fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. In forests, temporal trends in species overyielding differ when considering above- versus belowground resource acquisition strategies. Overyielding in stem growth decreased for species with high light capture capacity but increased for those with high soil resource acquisition capacity. Our results imply that a diversity of species with different, and potentially complementary, ecological strategies is beneficial for maintaining community productivity over time in both grassland and forest ecosystems.
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| 28. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Fertilization with digestate and digestate products – availability and demonstration experiments within the project Botnia nutrient recycling
- 2022
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- To increase our food security in Västerbotten we will need to become more self-sufficient of both energy, feed and nutrients that are now imported to the region. Biogas production from different waste streams is one solution to this. Biogas is produced using biowaste or sewage sludge as substrate in the major cities Umeå and Skellefteå. Biogas systems offer a range of benefits to society. Biogas production is currently prized for its climate benefits when replacing fossil fuels for the production of heat, electricity and vehicle gas, but at Bothnia Nutrient Recycling we have studied how to use the digestate, i.e. the residual product of production, as fertilizer in agriculture. We have been working to improve profitability for biogas producers and develop sustainable products from recycled nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen. Improving the uses for digestate increases self-sufficiency in agriculture and contributes to a circular economy. We conducted three agricultural demonstration experiments in collaboration with agricultural high schools in Finland and Sweden to introduce digestate and digestate products to the future farmers in the regions. We found that it may be possible to replace cattle slurry with compost when growing maize despite the low levels of nitrogen, N, available to plants in the compost. In barley, NPK fertilizers gave the highest yield. Digestate from HEMAB and sludge biochar supplemented with recycled ammonium sulphate gave a smaller yield but higher than unfertilized crop. Digestate from a dry digestion biogas plant in Härnösand was better suited to barley than to grass because in an experiment on grass ley the viscous fertilizer did not penetrate the grass and did not increase the growth of the grass. Fertilizer effects on crop quality were small. There was no increased uptake of heavy metals in barley after fertilization with digestate or digestate products compared to NPK fertilization. These demonstration experiments show that more thorough scientific experimentation is needed as a foundation for recommendations to farmers. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous in digestate from Västerbotten that could become used as fertilizer were modelled. It showed that if sewage sludge digestate is used to make sludge biochar and ammonium sulphate and the other available digestates are used directly in agriculture, the entire phosphorous demand but only a small part of the nitrogen demand in the county, could be covered. Thus, to achieve a true circular food production, development and increase of both the waste handling sector and agriculture is needed.
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| 29. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Flytgödsel till vall på hösten - fördelar och risker
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Report from the Department of Crop Production Ecology (VPE). - 1653-5375. ; , s. 19-22
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi har studerat höstspridning av nötflytgödsel till gräsvallar i Umeå i Västerbotten och till gräsvallar och blandvallar i Skara i Västergötland. Spridning vid två tillfällen på hösten jämfördes med vårspridning. I Skara var det inga skillnader i skörd och kvalitet mellan olika spridningstidpunkter. I Umeå var skördeökningarna små både efter vårspridning och höstspridning. Alla spridningstillfällen gav ökad skörd, men bara vårspridning gav ökad kvävehalt i gräset. Detta kunde förklaras av en hög ammoniakavgång vid uppehållsväder. Vid kraftigt regn kan kvävet istället ha försvunnit med ytavrinning. I Skara uppmättes förhöjda halter av mineralkväve i alven efter både tidig och sen höstspridning. Detta avspeglades i förhöjd kväveutlakning efter höstspridning. I Umeå var det bara måttligt förhöjda halter av ammonium och nitrat i jorden. En studie av upptag av 15N- inmärkt ammoniumkväve från stallgödseln i Umeå visade att växterna tog upp lika stor andel av kvävet på hösten som på våren, men på hösten lagrades det mesta i rötterna. Våren därpå användes det kvävet till tillväxt av gräsbiomassa. Fördelar med höstspridning är att marken ofta är torrare än på våren och har bättre bärighet. Man kan också sprida under en längre tid och har därmed större chans att välja en lämplig tidpunkt då ammoniakavdunstningen är liten. Det finns dock en förhöjd risk för både ytavrinning och utlakning av nitrat på hösten, både vid tidig och sen höstspridning.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Intercropping of reed canary grass with legumes for spring harvest
- 2011
-
Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 7, s. 167-167
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reed canary grass is a promising bio-energy crop for northern Scandinavia. However to make it competitive there is a need to reduce costs. Four experiments have been set up at different sites to investigate intercropping with legumes and recycling of wastes to cut fertilization costs. The experiments have a split plot design, with three fertilization treatments, (A) recommended N,P and K, (B) half N, recommended P and K, (C) half N and reed canary grass ash or sewage sludge, and seven species mixtures on the sub-plots. The intercropped legumes were red clover, Alsike clover, goats rue, lucerne and Kura clover. Two of the experiments, located on farms, encountered serious weed problems, couch grass or white clover and Alsike clover. On both sites the reed canary grass suffered much from the combined competition from weeds and sown legume and these experiments were not continued after the second growing season. The two remaining sites were situated on experimental field stations. In Umeå Alsike clover had 27% of the biomass, red clover 31% and goats rue 1%. Kura clover did not survive winter. In Jämtland 16% of the biomass was Alsike clover in the second year, 8% was red clover and 5% was goats rue. The third year the clovers had almost disappeared at the latter site but goats rue remained and contributed 7% of the biomass. In Jämtland the full N fertilization gave higher biomass and lower legume content than half N-fertilization (P<0.05). With a legume content up to 15% and low weed pressure the legume N-fixation provided N to replace up to half of the fertilizer N without impeding the growth of the reed canary grass too much, but with more legumes than 15% the competition was too tough for the grass.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Långtidseffekter av askgödsling vid rörflensodling
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi har kunnat visa att upprepad gödsling med rörflensaska inte leder till ökat upptag av tungmetaller i grödan eller ackumulation av tungmetaller i jorden. Gödsling med aska från samförbränning av sorterade hushållssopor och rörflen gav något förhöjda halter av kadmium, zink och bly i markens översta lager. Projektet har genomförts av Cecilia Palmborg och Eva Lindvall, Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap, SLU, 90183, Umeå. E-post: cecilia.palmborg@njv.slu.se
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| 35. |
|
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| 36. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimering av odlingsåtgärder i rörflen för ökad lönsamhet : fältstudier av sorter, samodling med baljväxter och korn, gödsling samt markpackning
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Försöksverksamhet med provning av rörflenslinjer som har potential att bli nya sorter har påbörjats på tre ställen i landet. Nya sätt att etablera rörflensvall har provats i fyra fältförsök: Samodling med korn gav inte en bra rörflensgröda. Samodling med baljväxter för att ersätta hälften av kvävet med kvävefixering fungerade tillfredställande i två försök, och ledde till alltför mycket ogräs i två försök. Skörd av rörflen på tjälad mark på hösten ger en alltför blöt gröda och ledde inte till bättre tillväxt av rörflen året därpå jämfört med vårskörd
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Plant diversity effects on grassland productivity are robust to both nutrient enrichment and drought
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 371
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global change drivers are rapidly altering resource availability and biodiversity. While there is consensus that greater biodiversity increases the functioning of ecosystems, the extent to which biodiversity buffers ecosystem productivity in response to changes in resource availability remains unclear. We use data from 16 grassland experiments across North America and Europe that manipulated plant species richness and one of two essential resources-soil nutrients or water-to assess the direction and strength of the interaction between plant diversity and resource alteration on above-ground productivity and net biodiversity, complementarity, and selection effects. Despite strong increases in productivity with nutrient addition and decreases in productivity with drought, we found that resource alterations did not alter biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Our results suggest that these relationships are largely determined by increases in cornplementarity effects along plant species richness gradients. Although nutrient addition reduced complementarity effects at high diversity, this appears to be due to high biomass in monocultures under nutrient enrichment. Our results indicate that diversity and the complementarity of species are important regulators of grassland ecosystem productivity, regardless of changes in other drivers of ecosystem function.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Rätt mängd stallgödsel optimerar odling av baljväxtgrönfoder i norra Sverige
- 2019
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Gödslingsförsök med ärt/havre som samodlas till grönfoder utfördes under två säsonger på Röbäcksdalen i Umeå. År 2015 grodde havren dåligt och ärterna utgjorde 90 % av grödan. Då påverkades varken skörd eller proteinhalt av gödsling med ammoniumnitrat eller nötflytgödsel. År 2016 var mindre gynnsamt för ärten och ärterna utgjorde bara 25 % av grödan. Detta kan bero både på lågt pH i jorden och bättre uppkomst av havren 2016. Skördenivån eller proteinhalten påverkades inte av gödslingen med nötflytgödsel något av åren. År 2016 när havre dominerade blev skördenivån och proteinhalten i havren högre efter gödsling med 45-65 kg N som ammoniumnitrat än utan kvävegödsling. Kvävefixeringen per ha påverkades varken av gödsling med ammoniumnitrat eller nötflytgödsel, däremot var kvävefixeringen mycket högre 2015 (116 kg/ha) än 2016 (29 kg/ha). Proteinhalten, och stärkelsehalten var också mycket högre 2015 än 2016 tack vare den högre ärthalten. Grönfodret användes också i en inkubationsstudie tillsammans med vallfoder och kraftfoder. I en blandning av 30 % vallfoder, 30 % ärt/ havre från 2015 och 40 % korn uppmättes högre mängd användbart råprotein i tunntarmen än när vallfoder eller ärt/havrefoder från 2015 blandades med bara korn. Denna positiva interaktion mellan vallfoder och ärt/havre uppnåddes inte 2016 när havren dominerade. Ammonium- och nitrathalterna i jorden ned till 90 cm djup strax efter skörd och i slutet av oktober var inte förhöjda efter gödsling med 65 kg ammoniumnitrat eller 40 ton flytgödsel per ha jämfört med ogödslade kontroller. Vi drar slutsatserna att grödan varken behöver gödslas med mineralkväve eller stallgödselkväve, men att gödsling med stallgödsel inte heller ger större risk för utlakning av kväve.Gödslingsförsök med ärt/havre som samodlas till grönfoder utfördes under två säsonger på Röbäcksdalen i Umeå. År 2015 grodde havren dåligt och ärterna utgjorde 90 % av grödan. Då påverkades varken skörd eller proteinhalt av gödsling med ammoniumnitrat eller nötflytgödsel. År 2016 var mindre gynnsamt för ärten och ärterna utgjorde bara 25 % av grödan. Detta kan bero både på lågt pH i jorden och bättre uppkomst av havren 2016. Skördenivån eller proteinhalten påverkades inte av gödslingen med nötflytgödsel något av åren. År 2016 när havre dominerade blev skördenivån och proteinhalten i havren högre efter gödsling med 45-65 kg N som ammoniumnitrat än utan kvävegödsling. Kvävefixeringen per ha påverkades varken av gödsling med ammoniumnitrat eller nötflytgödsel, däremot var kvävefixeringen mycket högre 2015 (116 kg/ha) än 2016 (29 kg/ha). Proteinhalten, och stärkelsehalten var också mycket högre 2015 än 2016 tack vare den högre ärthalten. Grönfodret användes också i en inkubationsstudie tillsammans med vallfoder och kraftfoder. I en blandning av 30 % vallfoder, 30 % ärt/ havre från 2015 och 40 % korn uppmättes högre mängd användbart råprotein i tunntarmen än när vallfoder eller ärt/havrefoder från 2015 blandades med bara korn. Denna positiva interaktion mellan vallfoder och ärt/havre uppnåddes inte 2016 när havren dominerade. Ammonium- och nitrathalterna i jorden ned till 90 cm djup strax efter skörd och i slutet av oktober var inte förhöjda efter gödsling med 65 kg ammoniumnitrat eller 40 ton flytgödsel per ha jämfört med ogödslade kontroller. Vi drar slutsatserna att grödan varken behöver gödslas med mineralkväve eller stallgödselkväve, men att gödsling med stallgödsel inte heller ger större risk för utlakning av kväve.
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| 42. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Rörflen – erfarenheter från projektet Bioenergigårdar
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Rapport / SLU, Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap. ; , s. 22-23
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet Bioenergigårdar i ett nytt landskap var ett samarbetsprojekt med Länsstyrelsen Västerbotten som projektägare och partners från kommuner, jord- och skogsbruksnäringarna, energibolag och SLU. Det hade fyra delprojekt: Skog, Åker Kustland, Åker Inland samt delprojekt FoU där jag var projektledare. De tre senare delprojekten ägnade sig åt energigräset rörflen. Delprojektledarna bidade en Åkergrupp som träffades mer eller mindre regelbundet under projektets gång för att utbyta erfarenheter och planera gemensamma satsningar.
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| 43. |
|
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| 44. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Rörflen - fördjupade studier av sortskillnader
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I samarbete med Lantmännen Lantbruk har rörflenssorter under utveckling provats i två försök i Jämtland och ett i Småland. I försöken gjordes också en jämförelse mellan höstskörd och vårskörd. Vårskörd, där fjolårets biomassa får ligga kvar på fältet under vintern, är den etablerade skördemetoden för rörflensodling till fastbränsle. Det nyare sortmaterialet gav goda skördar i alla försöken. En sort har nu gett bra biomasseskörd i tillräckligt många försök för att kunna kommersialiseras, vilket Lantmännen Lantbruk ska göra. Jämförelserna mellan vårskörd och höstskörd visade att det inte finns några skillnader mellan sorter i känslighet för avklippning på våren. Däremot verkar det kunna finnas skillnader mellan sorter i hur mycket av biomassan som förloras under vintern. Andelen fertila skott kunde skilja sig signifikant mellan sorter enstaka år, men det fanns ingen sort som genomgående hade hög andel fertila skott, och inget samband mellan skottmorfologi och skörd av biomassa.
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| 45. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Rörflen : skötsel för ekonomisk optimering
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet har haft tre delar: Gödslingsförsök på två rörflensfält, där effekten av P, K och rörflensaska har undersökts. På mark i K(AL) klass II och P(AL) klass II eller högre är troligen inte gödsling med P och K nödvändigt för tillväxten av rörflen efter de första åren. För att undvika att markens PK-status minskar kan rörflensaska återföras till odlingen. Inventering av skadeinsekter och svampangrepp i rörflen. Inventeringar gjordes i Västerbotten, Norrbotten, Småland och Värmland. Rörflensgallmyggan Epicalamus phalaridis hittades bara i södra Västerbotten där den var talrikast 2012. En svampsjukdom, Ceratorhiza rhizodes, hittades i norra Västerbotten och Norrbotten. I övrigt har enstaka angrepp av rörflensbladlus och stritar observerats. En studie av jordbearbetningsmetoder vid återetablering av röflensvall med mycket ogräs. Ogräsbekämpning med glyfosat på våren följt av plöjning och harvning gav bäst effekt mot kvickrot, men ingen av metoderna gav tillfredsställande resultat.
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| 46. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Sprid flytgödsel till vallen tidigt på hösten
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nytt från Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap. Växtodling. - 1404-7349.
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 47. |
- Palmborg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Spridning av flytgödsel till vall på hösten
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rapport / SLU, Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap. ; , s. 36-37
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
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| 48. |
- Parsons, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Leys from a Nordic perspective : a knowledge compilation
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The project involved creating a popular scientific review of the cultivation and use of leys for livestock. Target groups are the agricultural sector and industry. The project had four work packages (WP): crop production, harvest and conservation, feed value for different animals, and economy. Within each work package, search strings were developed and inclusion criteria defined, and a database for each WP developed through searching in online databases. Each selected article was assessed first on the title (include or exclude), second based on reading the abstract, and third based on reading the article. The review provides an extensive list of literature related to ley production and use, a description of the most important findings, and suggestions for future research.
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| 49. |
- Viketoft, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of plant diversity and composition on soil nematode communities in model grasslands
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 90, s. 90-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important component of plant-soil feedbacks is how plant species identity and diversity influence soil organism communities. We examine the effects of grassland plant species growing alone and together up to a richness of 12 species on nematode diversity and feeding group composition, eight years after the establishment of experimental grassland plots at the BIODEPTH site in northern Sweden. This is a substantially longer time than most other experimental studies of plant effects on soil fauna. We address the hypotheses that (1a) higher species or functional diversity of plants increases nematode diversity, as well as influences nematode community composition. Alternatively, (1b) individual plant species traits are most important for nematode diversity and community composition. (2) Plant effects on soil organisms will decrease with increasing number of trophic links between plants and soil fauna.Plant species identity was often more important than plant diversity for nematode community composition, supporting hypothesis 1b. There was a weak positive relation between plant and nematode richness, which could be attributed to the presence of the legume Trifolium pratense, but also to some other plant species, suggesting a selection or sampling effect. Several plant species in different functional groups affected nematode community composition. For example, we found that legumes increased bacterial-feeding nematodes, most notably r-selected Rhabditida, while fungal-feeding nematodes were enhanced by forbs. Other bacterial feeders and obligate root feeders were positively related to grasses. Plant effects were usually stronger on plant-, bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes than on omnivores/predators, which supports hypothesis 2.Our study suggests that plant identity has stronger effects than plant diversity on nematode community composition, but when comparing our results with similar previous studies the effects of particular plant species appear to vary. We also found that more productive plant species affected bacterial- feeding nematodes more than fungal feeders. Moreover, we observed stronger effects the fewer the number of trophic links there were between a nematode feeding group and plants. Although we found clear effects of plants on soil nematodes, these were probably not large enough to result in strong and persistent plant- soil-organism-plant feedback loops.
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| 50. |
- Viketoft, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal dynamics of soil nematode communities in a grassland plant diversity experiment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 43, s. 1063-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here on an 8-year study examining links between plant and nematode communities in a grassland plant diversity experiment, located in the north of Sweden on previous agricultural soil. The examined plots contained 1. 4 and 12 common grassland plant species from three functional groups: grasses, legumes and forbs. The same plant species composition was maintained in the plots through weeding and resowing during the experimental period. The hypotheses were (i) that the nematode community would shift towards a more diverse and mature fauna over time and (ii) that the effects of both plant species identity and plant species richness would increase over time. As hypothesized, the Bongers' Maturity Index (a measure of nematode responses to disturbance) increased over time, but not nematode diversity. Instead, the nematode community development in the present grassland experiment seemed to be more characterized by shifts in dominance patterns than by colonization of new taxa. Clear temporal trends were found for plant-feeders and Adenophorea bacterial-feeders which increased in abundance over time in almost all plant treatments. Rhabditidae bacterial-feeders decreased in abundance over time, in particular in plots with legumes. Fungal-feeders, omnivores/predators and the two nematode indices PPI (Bongers' Plant Parasitic Index) and NCR (Nematode Channel Ratio) had significant interactions between plant composition and time giving some support to our second hypothesis. Our results highlight the need for long-term experiments to examine plant species effects on soil fauna, especially on taxa belonging to higher trophic levels. The results also stress the importance of plant composition for belowground soil faunal communities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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