| 1. |
- Clark, DW, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4957-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.
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| 2. |
- Wuttke, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:6, s. 957-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
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| 3. |
- Thiele, I., et al.
(författare)
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A community-driven global reconstruction of human metabolism
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 31:5, s. 419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple models of human metabolism have been reconstructed, but each represents only a subset of our knowledge. Here we describe Recon 2, a community-driven, consensus 'metabolic reconstruction', which is the most comprehensive representation of human metabolism that is applicable to computational modeling. Compared with its predecessors, the reconstruction has improved topological and functional features, including similar to 2x more reactions and similar to 1.7x more unique metabolites. Using Recon 2 we predicted changes in metabolite biomarkers for 49 inborn errors of metabolism with 77% accuracy when compared to experimental data. Mapping metabolomic data and drug information onto Recon 2 demonstrates its potential for integrating and analyzing diverse data types. Using protein expression data, we automatically generated a compendium of 65 cell type-specific models, providing a basis for manual curation or investigation of cell-specific metabolic properties. Recon 2 will facilitate many future biomedical studies and is freely available at http://humanmetabolism.org/.
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| 4. |
- Gutierrez, Jahir M., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-scale reconstructions of the mammalian secretory pathway predict metabolic costs and limitations of protein secretion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In mammalian cells, >25% of synthesized proteins are exported through the secretory pathway. The pathway complexity, however, obfuscates its impact on the secretion of different proteins. Unraveling its impact on diverse proteins is particularly important for biopharmaceutical production. Here we delineate the core secretory pathway functions and integrate them with genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of human, mouse, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The resulting reconstructions enable the computation of energetic costs and machinery demands of each secreted protein. By integrating additional omics data, we find that highly secretory cells have adapted to reduce expression and secretion of other expensive host cell proteins. Furthermore, we predict metabolic costs and maximum productivities of biotherapeutic proteins and identify protein features that most significantly impact protein secretion. Finally, the model successfully predicts the increase in secretion of a monoclonal antibody after silencing a highly expressed selection marker. This work represents a knowledgebase of the mammalian secretory pathway that serves as a novel tool for systems biotechnology.
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| 5. |
- Herrgård, Markus J, et al.
(författare)
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A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. ; 26:10, s. 1155-1160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genomic data allow the large-scale manual or semi-automated assembly of metabolic network reconstructions, which provide highly curated organism-specific knowledge bases. Although several genome-scale network reconstructions describe Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, they differ in scope and content, and use different terminologies to describe the same chemical entities. This make comparisons between them difficult and underscores the desirability of a consolidated metabolic network that collects and formalizes the 'community knowledge' of yeast metabolism. We describe how we have produced a consensus metabolic network reconstruction for S. cerevisiae. In drafting it, we placed special emphasis on referencing molecules to persistent databases or using database-independent forms, such as SMILES or InChl strings, as this permits their chemical structure to be represented unambiguously and in a manner that permits automated reasoning. The reconstruction is readily available via a publicly accessible database and in the Systems Biology Markup Language (http://www.comp-sys-bio.org/yeastnet). It can be maintained as a resource that serves as a common denominator for studying the systems biology of yeast. Similar strategies should benefit communities studying genome-scale metabolic networks of other organisms.
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| 6. |
- Ignatova, K., et al.
(författare)
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Reversible exchange bias in epitaxial V2O3/Ni hybrid magnetic heterostructures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 34:49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present a temperature and angular dependent study of the structural and magnetic properties in highly crystalline V2O3/Ni/Zr magnetic heterostructure films. Our investigation focuses on the coupling between the ferromagnetic Ni layer and V2O3 layer which undergoes an antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic phase transition coupled to the structural phase transition of the material at around 150 K. Structural investigations using x-ray diffraction reveal highly crystalline films of a quality which has previously not been reported in the literature. The Ni layers display an absence of in-plane magnetic anisotropy owing to the highly textured (1 1 1) layering of the Ni films on the underlying V2O3(0 0 0 1) oriented layer. During the transition we observe a strain related enhancement of the coercivity and the onset of a weak exchange bias for cooling under an external magnetic field. Heating the films to above the transition temperature, the exchange bias in the Ni is removed and can be reversed upon subsequent cooling under an inverted external magnetic field. Using temperature dependent polarized neutron reflectometry we investigate the film structure at the interface, capturing the magnetic and nuclear profiles.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sigmundsson, F., et al.
(författare)
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Segmented lateral dyke growth in a rifting event at Bardarbunga volcanic system, Iceland
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 517:7533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crust at many divergent plate boundaries forms primarily by the injection of vertical sheet-like dykes, some tens of kilometres long(1). Previous models of rifting events indicate either lateral dyke growth away from a feeding source, with propagation rates decreasing as the dyke lengthens(2-4), or magma flowing vertically into dykes from an underlying source(5,6), with the role of topography on the evolution of lateral dykes not clear. Here we show how a recent segmented dyke intrusion in the Bardarbunga volcanic system grew laterally for more than 45 kilometres at a variable rate, with topography influencing the direction of propagation. Barriers at the ends of each segment were overcome by the build-up of pressure in the dyke end; then a new segment formed and dyke lengthening temporarily peaked. The dyke evolution, which occurred primarily over 14 days, was revealed by propagating seismicity, ground deformation mapped by Global Positioning System(GPS), interferometric analysis of satellite radar images (InSAR), and graben formation. The strike of the dyke segments varies from an initially radial direction away from the Bardarbunga caldera, towards alignment with that expected from regional stress at the distal end. A model minimizing the combined strain and gravitational potential energy explains the propagation path. Dyke opening and seismicity focused at the most distal segment at any given time, and were simultaneous with magma source deflation and slow collapse at the Bardarbunga caldera, accompanied by a series of magnitude M > 5 earthquakes. Dyke growth was slowed down by an effusive fissure eruption near the end of the dyke. Lateral dyke growth with segment barrier breaking by pressure build-up in the dyke distal end explains how focused upwelling of magma under central volcanoes is effectively redistributed over long distances to create new upper crust at divergent plate boundaries.
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| 9. |
- Baldi, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mg/Ti multilayers : Structural and hydrogen absorption properties
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 81:22, s. 224203-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mg-Ti alloys have uncommon optical and hydrogen absorbing properties, originating from a "spinodal-like" microstructure with a small degree of chemical short-range order in the atomic distribution. In the present study we artificially engineer short-range order by depositing Pd-capped Mg/Ti multilayers with different periodicities. Notwithstanding the large lattice mismatch between Mg and Ti, the as-deposited metallic multilayers show good structural coherence. On exposure to H-2 gas a two-step hydrogenation process occurs with the Ti layers forming the hydride before Mg. From in situ measurements of the bilayer thickness Lambda at different hydrogen pressures, we observe large out-of-plane expansions of Mg and Ti layers on hydrogenation, indicating strong plastic deformations in the films and a consequent shortening of the coherence length. On unloading at room temperature in air, hydrogen atoms remain trapped in the Ti layers due to kinetic constraints. Such loading/unloading sequence can be explained in terms of the different thermodynamic properties of hydrogen in Mg and Ti, as shown by diffusion calculations on a model multilayered systems. Absorption isotherms measured by hydrogenography can be interpreted as a result of the elastic clamping arising from strongly bonded Mg/Pd and broken Mg/Ti interfaces.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Elmunzer, B. Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged Gastrointestinal Manifestations After Recovery From COVID-19
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 22:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Acute enteric infections are well known to result in long-term gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Although COVID-19 is principally a respiratory illness, it demonstrates significant GI tropism, possibly predisposing to prolonged gut manifestations. We aimed to examine the long-term GI impact of hospitalization with COVID-19. Methods: Nested within a large-scale observational cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across North America, we performed a follow-up survey of 530 survivors 12–18 months later to assess for persistent GI symptoms and their severity, and for the development of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). Eligible patients were identified at the study site level and surveyed electronically. The survey instrument included the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for DGBI, a rating scale of 24 COVID-related symptoms, the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale, and the Impact of Events–Revised trauma symptom questionnaire (a measure of posttraumatic stress associated with the illness experience). A regression analysis was performed to explore the factors associated with GI symptom severity at follow-up. Results: Of the 530 invited patients, 116 responded (52.6% females; mean age, 55.2 years), and 73 of those (60.3%) met criteria for 1 or more Rome IV DGBI at follow-up, higher than the prevalence in the US general population (P <. 0001). Among patients who experienced COVID-related GI symptoms during the index hospitalization (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea), 42.1% retained at least 1 of these symptoms at follow-up; in comparison, 89.8% of respondents retained any (GI or non-GI) COVID-related symptom. The number of moderate or severe GI symptoms experienced during the initial COVID-19 illness by self-report correlated with the development of DGBI and severity of GI symptoms at follow-up. Posttraumatic stress disorder (Impact of Events–Revised score ≥33) related to the COVID-19 illness experience was identified in 41.4% of respondents and those individuals had higher DGBI prevalence and GI symptom severity. Regression analysis revealed that higher psychological trauma score (Impact of Events–Revised) was the strongest predictor of GI symptom severity at follow-up. Conclusions: In this follow-up survey of patients 12–18 months after hospitalization with COVID-19, there was a high prevalence of DGBIs and persistent GI symptoms. Prolonged GI manifestations were associated with the severity of GI symptoms during hospitalization and with the degree of psychological trauma related to the illness experience.
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| 12. |
- Estrada, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:5, s. 491-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.
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| 13. |
- Ingason, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants: a nationwide propensity score-weighted study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 7:11, s. 2564-2572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the pivotal randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for patients with atrial fibrillation, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) had similar or even superior efficacy and safety compared with warfarin. However, RCTs comparing different DOACs are nonexistent and previous observational studies have yielded conflicting results. In this nationwide cohort study, rates of any stroke or systemic embolism (stroke/SE) and major bleeding were compared among new users of apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban with atrial fibrillation from 2014 to 2019. Inverse probability weighting was used to yield balanced study groups, and outcomes were compared using Cox regression. Stroke/SE rates were similar in patients receiving apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban. Dabigatran was associated with twofold higher rates of myocardial infarction (MI) than rivaroxaban (1.4 events/100 person-years (py) vs 0.7 events/100-py, hazard ratio [HR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-4.90) and apixaban (1.4 events/100-py vs 0.7 events/100-py, HR 2.26, 95% CI, 0.90-5.67), although the second comparison included the possibility of a null effect. Rivaroxaban was associated with higher major bleeding rates compared with apixaban (2.9 events/100-py vs 1.8 events/ 100-py, HR 1.64, 95% CI, 1.13-2.37) and dabigatran (2.9 events/100-py vs 1.4 events/100-py, HR 2.18, 95% CI, 1.21-3.93). Specifically, rivaroxaban had higher rates of major gastrointestinal bleeding and other major bleeding than apixaban. In conclusion, although stroke/SE rates were similar for DOACs, rivaroxaban was associated with higher rates of major bleeding than other DOACs and lower rates of MI than dabigatran. These results may help guide oral anticoagulant selection, especially in patients at high risk of bleeding or MI.
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| 14. |
- Ingason, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Rivaroxaban Is Associated With Higher Rates of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Than Other Direct Oral Anticoagulants A Nationwide Propensity Score-Weighted Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE. - : American College of Physicians. - 0003-4819 .- 1539-3704. ; 174:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) rates for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin have been extensively compared. However, population-based studies comparing GIB rates among different DOACs are limited. Objective: To compare rates of GIB among apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban. Design: Nationwide population-based cohort study. Setting: Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland and the 4 regional hospitals in Iceland. Patients: New users of apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban from 2014 to 2019. Measurements: Rates of GIB were compared using inverse probability weighting, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and Cox regression. Results: In total, 2157 patients receiving apixaban, 494 patients receiving dabigatran, and 3217 patients receiving rivaroxaban were compared. For all patients, rivaroxaban had higher overall rates of GIB (3.2 vs. 2.5 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.42 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.93]) and major GIB (1.9 vs. 1.4 events per 100 person-years; HR, 1.50 [CI, 1.00 to 2.24]) compared with apixaban. Rivaroxaban also had higher GIB rates than dabigatran, with similar point estimates, although the CIs were wider and included the possibility of a null effect. When only patients with atrial fibrillation were included, rivaroxaban was associated with higher rates of overall GIB than apixaban (HR, 1.40 [CI, 1.01 to 1.94]) or dabigatran (HR, 2.04 [CI, 1.17 to 3.55]). Dabigatran was associated with lower rates of upper GIB than rivaroxaban in both analyses. Limitations: Unmeasured confounding and small subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Rivaroxaban was associated with higher GIB rates than apixaban and dabigatran regardless of treatment indication.
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| 15. |
- Nielsen, Jens B, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering synergy in biotechnology
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Chemical Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1552-4450 .- 1552-4469. ; 10:5, s. 319-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Robinson, Jonathan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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An atlas of human metabolism
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 13:624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are valuable tools to study metabolism and provide a scaffold for the integrative analysis of omics data. Researchers have developed increasingly comprehensive human GEMs, but the disconnect among different model sources and versions impedes further progress. We therefore integrated and extensively curated the most recent human metabolic models to construct a consensus GEM, Human1. We demonstrated the versatility of Human1 through the generation and analysis of cell- and tissue-specific models using transcriptomic, proteomic, and kinetic data. We also present an accompanying web portal, Metabolic Atlas (https://www.metabolicatlas.org/), which facilitates further exploration and visualization of Human1 content. Human1 was created using a version-controlled, open-source model development framework to enable community-driven curation and refinement. This framework allows Human1 to be an evolving shared resource for future studies of human health and disease.
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| 17. |
- Sperber, A. D., et al.
(författare)
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Face-to-face interviews versus Internet surveys: Comparison of two data collection methods in the Rome foundation global epidemiology study: Implications for population-based research
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - 1350-1925. ; 35:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsThe Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) assessed the prevalence, burden, and associated factors of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) in 33 countries around the world. Achieving worldwide sampling necessitated use of two different surveying methods: In-person household interviews (9 countries) and Internet surveys (26 countries). Two countries, China and Turkey, were surveyed with both methods. This paper examines the differences in the survey results with the two methods, as well as likely reasons for those differences. MethodsThe two RFGES survey methods are described in detail, and differences in DGBI findings summarized for household versus Internet surveys globally, and in more detail for China and Turkey. Logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate factors contributing to these differences. ResultsOverall, DGBI were only half as prevalent when assessed with household vs Internet surveys. Similar patterns of methodology-related DGBI differences were seen within both China and Turkey, but prevalence differences between the survey methods were dramatically larger in Turkey. No clear reasons for outcome differences by survey method were identified, although greater relative reduction in bowel and anorectal versus upper gastrointestinal disorders when household versus Internet surveying was used suggests an inhibiting influence of social sensitivity. ConclusionsThe findings strongly indicate that besides affecting data quality, manpower needs and data collection time and costs, the choice of survey method is a substantial determinant of symptom reporting and DGBI prevalence outcomes. This has important implications for future DGBI research and epidemiological research more broadly.
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| 18. |
- Sperber, A. D., et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085. ; 160:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), now called disorders of gut-brain interaction, have major economic effects on health care systems and adversely affect quality of life, little is known about their global prevalence and distribution. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with 22 FGIDs, in 33 countries on 6 continents. METHODS: Data were collected via the Internet in 24 countries, personal interviews in 7 countries, and both in 2 countries, using the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire, Rome III irritable bowel syndrome questions, and 80 items to identify variables associated with FGIDs. Data collection methods differed for Internet and household groups, so data analyses were conducted and reported separately. RESULTS: Among the 73,076 adult respondents (49.5% women), diagnostic criteria were met for at least 1 FGID by 40.3% persons who completed the Internet surveys (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.9-40.7) and 20.7% of persons who completed the household surveys (95% CI, 20.2-21.3). FGIDs were more prevalent among women than men, based on responses to the Internet survey (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.6-1.7) and household survey (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3-1.4). FGIDs were associated with lower quality of life and more frequent doctor visits. Proportions of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome were lower when the Rome IV criteria were used, compared with the Rome III criteria, in the Internet survey (4.1% vs 10.1%) and household survey (1.5% vs 3.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In a large-scale multinational study, we found that more than 40% of persons worldwide have FGIDs, which affect quality of life and health care use. Although the absolute prevalence was higher among Internet respondents, similar trends and relative distributions were found in people who completed Internet vs personal interviews.
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| 19. |
- Agustsson, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in oral anticoagulant users compared to non-users in a population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 57:2, s. 239-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aims Causes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients on oral anticoagulants (OACs) are not well established. The aims of the study were to compare the causes of GIB in patients on OACs and those not on OAC therapy. Methods A nationwide study of all GIB events in patients on OACs in Iceland from 2014-2019 was conducted. Bleeding events were obtained through ICD-10 codes and review of endoscopy databases, confirmed by review of medical records. For comparison, patients not on OACs from previous Icelandic population-based studies were used. Results Among 752 GIB events in 12,005 patients on OACs, 273 (1.9%) had verified upper and 391 (2.7%) had verified lower GIB. For lower GIB, multivariate analysis showed that OAC users were more likely to have colonic polyps (OR 6.6, 95% CI: 2.4 - 17.8, p < .001) or colorectal cancer (OR 3.7, 95% CI: 2.0 - 7.0, p < .001) but less likely to have ischemic colitis (OR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.26, p < .001). For upper GIB, bleeding from mucosal erosions (OR 4.0 95% CI: 2.5 - 7.9, p < .001) and angiodysplasia (OR 3.6, 95%CI: 1.5 - 8.6, p = .003) were more common in OAC users. Conclusions A high proportion of GIB caused by colonic polyps and colorectal cancer among OAC patients indicates that OACs treatment may facilitate cancer diagnosis. The low proportion of ischemic colitis among those on OACs suggests that OACs provide a protective effect against ischemic colitis. OACs seem to increase the bleeding from angiodysplasia and mucosal erosive disease.
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| 20. |
- Azofeifa, D. E., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-and hydrogen-induced changes in the optical properties of Pd capped V thin films
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 86:6, s. 065702-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical properties of V thin films deposited on MgO substrates have been obtained from spectrophotometric measurements. The V films were coated with a thin Pd layer to protect them from oxidation and to favor absorption of atomic hydrogen. Electrical resistance was recorded while hydrogen pressure was increased slowly up to 750mbar keeping the temperature constant. Simultaneously, visible and near-infrared transmittance spectra of this Pd/V/MgO system were measured. The spectra were numerically inverted to obtain the spectral behavior of the Pd and V dielectric functions at 22 and 140 degrees C. Hydrogen concentrations were first determined from the combined effect of hydrogen content on the electrical resistance and on the optical direct transmission of the system. Then, determination of these concentrations was improved using retrieved values of the absorption coefficients of the hydrides and taking into account the structural change of V and the volumetric expansion of Pd. Good agreement is established when considering qualitative correlations between spectral features of the optimized PdHy and VHx dielectric functions and band structure calculations and densities of states for these two transition metal hydrides.
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| 21. |
- Broeders, B., et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of disorders of gut-brain interaction in Belgium and differences between two language groups: Results from the Rome foundation global epidemiology study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - 1350-1925. ; 35:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Rome Foundation carried out a worldwide epidemiology study on DGBI according to the Rome IV criteria in 33 countries, including Belgium. DGBI prevalence varied between continents and countries, but prevalence differences within language groups in a single country have not yet been described. MethodsWe analyzed the prevalence rates of 18 DGBI and their psychosocial impact in Belgium in the French and Dutch language groups. Key ResultsDGBI prevalence was similar in the French-speaking and Dutch-speaking population. Having one or more DGBI was negatively associated with psychosocial well-being. The scores for depression were lower in the Dutch-speaking participants with one or more DGBI compared to the French-speaking participants. Interestingly, we also found significantly lower scores in the general Dutch-speaking versus the French-speaking population for depression and non-gastrointesinal somatic symptoms, and higher global physical health and mental health quality-of-life component scores. In the Dutch-speaking group, medication use for gastric acid was lower, but use of prescribed analgesics was more common. Nevertheless, the use of non-prescribed pain medication was higher in the French-speaking group. Anxiety and sleep medication use was also higher in the latter group. Conclusions & InterferencesThe results of this first in-depth analysis of Rome IV DGBI in Belgium show a higher prevalence for some DGBI in the French-speaking cohort, and a larger associated disease burden. These differences between language/culture groups in the same country support the psychosocial pathophysiological model of DGBI.
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| 22. |
- Brunk, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696. ; 36:3, s. 272-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-scale network reconstructions have helped uncover the molecular basis of metabolism. Here we present Recon3D, a computational resource that includes three-dimensional (3D) metabolite and protein structure data and enables integrated analyses of metabolic functions in humans. We use Recon3D to functionally characterize mutations associated with disease, and identify metabolic response signatures that are caused by exposure to certain drugs. Recon3D represents the most comprehensive human metabolic network model to date, accounting for 3,288 open reading frames (representing 17% of functionally annotated human genes), 13,543 metabolic reactions involving 4,140 unique metabolites, and 12,890 protein structures. These data provide a unique resource for investigating molecular mechanisms of human metabolism. Recon3D is available at http://vmh.life.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hreinsson, Johann P., 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of disorders of gut-brain interaction in Western Europe and Asia based on the Rome foundation global epidemiology study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 35:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveMany studies have been published on disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBI) in Asia and Western Europe, but no previous study has directly assessed the difference between the two regions. The aim was to compare the prevalence of DGBI in Asia and Western Europe. MethodsWe used data collected in a population-based Internet survey, the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study, from countries in Western Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore). We assessed DGBI diagnoses (Rome IV Adult Diagnostic Questionnaire), anxiety/depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, PHQ-4), non-GI somatic symptoms (PHQ-12), and access to and personal costs of doctor visits. ResultsThe study included 9487 subjects in Asia and 16,314 in Western Europe. Overall, 38.0% had at least one DGBI; younger age, female sex, and higher scores on PHQ4 and PHQ12 were all associated with DGBI. The prevalence of having at least one DGBI was higher in Western Europe than in Asia (39.1% vs 36.1%, OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.08-1.20]). This difference was also observed for DGBI by anatomical regions, most prominently esophageal DGBI (OR 1.67 [1.48-1.88]). After adjustment, the difference in DGBI prevalence diminished and psychological (PHQ-4) and non-GI somatic symptoms (PHQ-12) had the greatest effect on the odds ratio estimates. ConclusionThe prevalence of DGBI is generally higher in Western Europe compared to Asia. A considerable portion of the observed difference in prevalence rates seems to be explained by more severe psychological and non-GI somatic symptoms in Western Europe.
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| 25. |
- Ingason, Arnar B., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of medication adherence to different oral anticoagulants: population-based cohort study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Previous observational studies have yielded conflicting results on whether medication adherence differs between patients receiving warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Importantly, no study has adequately accounted for warfarin dosing being continuously modified based on INR values while dosing of DOACs is fixed. We aimed to compare non-adherence between new users of apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and warfarin in a population-based cohort. METHODS: New users of apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and warfarin from 2014 to 2019 living in the Icelandic capital area were included. Non-adherence was defined as proportion of days covered below 80%. Inverse probability weighting was used to yield balanced study groups and non-adherence was compared using logistic regression. Factors associated with non-adherence were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 1266 patients received apixaban, 247 dabigatran, 1566 rivaroxaban and 768 warfarin. The proportion of patients with non-adherence ranged from 10.5% to 16.7%. Dabigatran was associated with significantly higher odds of non-adherence compared with apixaban (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.04, p<0.001), rivaroxaban (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.89, p=0.005) and warfarin (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.15, p<0.001). The odds of non-adherence were similar for apixaban, rivaroxaban and warfarin. Apart from the type of oral anticoagulants (OACs) used, female sex, hypertension, history of cerebrovascular accident and concomitant statin use were all independently associated with lower odds of non-adherence. CONCLUSION: Dabigatran was associated with higher odds of non-adherence compared with other OACs. Non-adherence was similar between apixaban, rivaroxaban and warfarin users. Female sex and higher comorbidity were associated with better medication adherence.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Kekecs, Zoltan, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the Assessment of Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7144 .- 1744-5183. ; 70:2, s. 104-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the efficacy of hypnosis applications continues to grow, but there remain major gaps between the science and clinical practice. One challenge has been a lack of consensus on which applications of hypnosis are efficacious based on research evidence. In 2018, 6 major hypnosis organizations collaborated to form the Task Force for Establishing Efficacy Standards for Clinical Hypnosis. This paper describes a Guideline for the Assessment of Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis Applications developed by the Task Force, which makes 10 specific recommendations. The guideline is intended to be a tool for those who want to assess the quality of existing evidence on the efficacy of clinical hypnosis for any particular indication. The paper also discusses methodological issues in the interpretation and implementation of these guidelines. Future papers will report on the other products of the Hypnosis Efficacy Task Force, such as best practice recommendations for outcomes research in hypnosis and an international survey of researchers and clinicians on current practice and attitudes about hypnosis.
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| 28. |
- Kiemeney, Lambertus A, et al.
(författare)
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A sequence variant at 4p16.3 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:5, s. 415-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously, we reported germline DNA variants associated with risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in Dutch and Icelandic subjects. Here we expanded the Icelandic sample set and tested the top 20 markers from the combined analysis in several European case-control sample sets, with a total of 4,739 cases and 45,549 controls. The T allele of rs798766 on 4p16.3 was found to associate with UBC (odds ratio = 1.24, P = 9.9 x 10(-12)). rs798766 is located in an intron of TACC3, 70 kb from FGFR3, which often harbors activating somatic mutations in low-grade, noninvasive UBC. Notably, rs798766[T] shows stronger association with low-grade and low-stage UBC than with more aggressive forms of the disease and is associated with higher risk of recurrence in low-grade stage Ta tumors. The frequency of rs798766[T] is higher in Ta tumors that carry an activating mutation in FGFR3 than in Ta tumors with wild-type FGFR3. Our results show a link between germline variants, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and risk of UBC.
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| 29. |
- Levering, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-Scale Model Reveals Metabolic Basis of Biomass Partitioning in a Model Diatom
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diatoms are eukaryotic microalgae that contain genes from various sources, including bacteria and the secondary endosymbiotic host. Due to this unique combination of genes, diatoms are taxonomically and functionally distinct from other algae and vascular plants and confer novel metabolic capabilities. Based on the genome annotation, we performed a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction for the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Due to their endosymbiotic origin, diatoms possess a complex chloroplast structure which complicates the prediction of subcellular protein localization. Based on previous work we implemented a pipeline that exploits a series of bioinformatics tools to predict protein localization. The manually curated reconstructed metabolic network iLB1027_lipid accounts for 1,027 genes associated with 4,456 reactions and 2,172 metabolites distributed across six compartments. To constrain the genome-scale model, we determined the organism specific biomass composition in terms of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Our simulations indicate the presence of a yet unknown glutamine-ornithine shunt that could be used to transfer reducing equivalents generated by photosynthesis to the mitochondria. The model reflects the known biochemical composition of P. tricornutum in defined culture conditions and enables metabolic engineering strategies to improve the use of P. tricornutum for biotechnological applications.
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| 30. |
- Magnus, Fridrik, et al.
(författare)
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Tuneable exchange-spring stiffness in amorphous magnetic trilayer structures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 33:44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the magnetic properties of amorphous Sm10Co90/Co-60(Al70Zr30)(40)/Co-85(Al70Zr30)(15) exchange-spring magnet trilayers. The magnetically soft Co-85(Al70Zr30)(15) layer is coupled to the magnetically hard Sm10Co90 layer through the weakly magnetic low-T (c) Co-60(Al70Zr30)(40) spacer layer. The strength of the coupling can be controlled with temperature and the coupling persists above the intrinsic T (c) of the spacer layer due to a long-range magnetic proximity effect. Polarized neutron reflectivity is used to examine the magnetic profile of the trilayers during magnetization reversal. A two-step switching occurs, with the switching angle of the soft layer strongly dependent on the strength of the coupling. In the strong coupling regime a magnetic state can be achieved where the soft layer magnetization is perpendicular to the hard layer whereas in the weak coupling regime the soft layer reverses fully.
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| 31. |
- Magnusson, E., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a subglacial lake monitored with radio-echo sounding: case study from the eastern Skafta cauldron in the Vatnajokull ice cap, Iceland
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416. ; 15:8, s. 3731-3749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present repeated radio-echo sounding (RES, 5 MHz) on a profile grid over the eastern Skafta cauldron (ESC) in Vatnajokull ice cap, Iceland. The ESC is a similar to 3 km wide and 50-150 m deep ice cauldron created and maintained by subglacial geothermal activity of similar to 1GW. Beneath the cauldron and 200-400 m thick ice, water accumulates in a subglacial lake and is released semi-regularly in jokulhlaups. The RES record consists of annual surveys conducted at the beginning of every summer during the period 2014-2020. Comparison of the RES surveys reveals variable lake area (0.5-4.1 km(2)) and enables traced reflections from the lake roof to be distinguished from bedrock reflections. This allows construction of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the bedrock in the area, further constrained by two borehole measurements at the cauldron centre. It also allows creation of lake thickness maps and an estimate of lake volume at the time of each survey, which we compare with lowering patterns and released water volumes obtained from pre- and post-jokulhlaup surface DEMs. The estimated lake volume was 250 GL (gigalitres = 10(6) m(3)) in June 2015, but 320 +/- 20 GL drained from the ESC in October 2015. In June 2018, RES profiles revealed a lake volume of 185 GL, while 220 +/- 30 GL were released in a jokulhlaup in August 2018. Considering the water accumulation over the periods between RES surveys and jokulhlaups, this indicates 10 %-20% uncertainty in the RES-derived volumes at times when significant jokulhlaups may be expected.
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| 32. |
- Nilsson, Avlant, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Models of Protein Allocation Call for the Kinetome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712 .- 2405-4720. ; 5:6, s. 538-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The flux of metabolites in the living cell depend on enzyme activities. Recently, many metabolic phenotypes have been explained by computer models that incorporate enzyme activity data. To move further, the scientific community needs to measure the kinetics of all enzymes in a systematic way.
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| 33. |
- Oei, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide copy number association study of osteoporotic fractures points to the 6p25.1 locus
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 51:2, s. 122-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by reduced bone mineral density and increased susceptibility to fracture; these traits are highly heritable. Both common and rare copy number variants (CNVs) potentially affect the function of genes and may influence disease risk.AIM: To identify CNVs associated with osteoporotic bone fracture risk.METHOD: We performed a genome-wide CNV association study in 5178 individuals from a prospective cohort in the Netherlands, including 809 osteoporotic fracture cases, and performed in silico lookups and de novo genotyping to replicate in several independent studies.RESULTS: A rare (population prevalence 0.14%, 95% CI 0.03% to 0.24%) 210 kb deletion located on chromosome 6p25.1 was associated with the risk of fracture (OR 32.58, 95% CI 3.95 to 1488.89; p=8.69×10(-5)). We performed an in silico meta-analysis in four studies with CNV microarray data and the association with fracture risk was replicated (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 8.22; p=0.02). The prevalence of this deletion showed geographic diversity, being absent in additional samples from Australia, Canada, Poland, Iceland, Denmark, and Sweden, but present in the Netherlands (0.34%), Spain (0.33%), USA (0.23%), England (0.15%), Scotland (0.10%), and Ireland (0.06%), with insufficient evidence for association with fracture risk.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that deletions in the 6p25.1 locus may predispose to higher risk of fracture in a subset of populations of European origin; larger and geographically restricted studies will be needed to confirm this regional association. This is a first step towards the evaluation of the role of rare CNVs in osteoporosis.
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| 34. |
- Palonen, Heikki, et al.
(författare)
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The magnetization profile induced by the double magnetic proximity effect in an Fe/Fe0.30V0.70 superlattice
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 115:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The double magnetic proximity effect (MPE) in an Fe/Fe0.30V0.70 superlattice is studied by a direct measurement of the magnetization profile using polarized neutron reflectivity. The experimental magnetization profile is shown to qualitatively agree with a profile calculated using density functional theory. The profile is divided into a short range interfacial part and a long range tail. The interfacial part is explained by charge transfer and induced magnetization, while the tail is attributed to the inhomogeneous nature of the FeV alloy. The long range tail in the magnetization persists up to 170% above the intrinsic ordering temperature of the FeV alloy. The observed effects can be used to design systems with a direct exchange coupling between layers over long distances through a network of connected atoms. When combined with the recent advances in tuning and switching, the MPE with electric fields and currents, the results can be applied in spintronic devices. Published under license by AIP Publishing.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Palsson, Olafur S., et al.
(författare)
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Current Practices, Experiences, and Views in Clinical Hypnosis : Findings of an International Survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7144 .- 1744-5183. ; 71:2, s. 92-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An online survey of 691 clinicians who use hypnosis was conducted in 31 countries to gain a broad real-world picture of current practices, views, and experiences in clinical hypnosis. Among 36 common clinical uses, stress reduction, wellbeing and self-esteem-enhancement, surgery preparations, anxiety interventions, mindfulness facilitation, and labor and childbirth applications were the most frequently rated as highly effective (each by ≥70% of raters) in the clinicians’ own experience. Adverse hypnosis-associated effects had been encountered by 55% of clinicians but were generally short-lived and very rarely judged as serious. The most common hypnosis approaches used were Ericksonian (71%), hypnotic relaxation therapy (55%), and traditional hypnosis (50%). Almost all respondents reported regularly using other therapeutic modalities alongside hypnosis. Among a range of client variables potentially affecting therapy, most clinicians rated hypnotist-client rapport (88%) and client motivation (75%) as very or extremely important factors for successful hypnotherapy. The majority of respondents had conducted hypnosis treatment via teletherapy, and 54% of those estimated it to be as effective as in-person treatment.
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| 37. |
- Palsson, O. S., et al.
(författare)
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides Support Normal Bowel Function and Improve Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Multicenter, Open-Label Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical and translational gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2155-384X. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Treatment options for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are limited, causing many patients to remain symptomatic. This study assessed the potential of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to normalize bowel habits. Secondary outcomes included IBS severity and health-related quality of life. METHODS: This multicenter, open-label trial recruited patients with IBS from 17 sites across the United States. Patients received daily orally administrated 5-g intervention of the HMOs 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose in a 4:1 mix. Bowel habits, IBS symptoms, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and every 4 weeks during the 12-week intervention. RESULTS: A total of 317 patients (70.7% women; mean age of 44.0 years, range 18-93 years) received the trial product, and 245 patients completed the trial according to protocol. Patients had a significant improvement from baseline to 12 weeks in total percentage of bowel movements with abnormal stool consistency (mean and [95% confidence interval]: 90.7 [88.9-92.9] vs 57.2% [53.9-60.5], P < 0.0001), overall IBS Symptom Severity Score (323 [314-332] vs 144 [133-155], P < 0.0001) and health-rela,ted quality of life (50.4 [48.0-52.8] vs 74.6 [72.3-76.9], P < 0.0001). Improvement was similar across IBS subtypes. Symptoms improved most in the first 4 weeks of intervention. The most common side effects were mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as flatulence, abdominal pain and discomfort, and distension. DISCUSSION: Supplementation with 2 selected HMOs improves IBS symptoms and quality of life without substantial side effects. These promising results suggest that this novel approach to IBS should be confirmed in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
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| 38. |
- Palsson, Olafur S., et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide population prevalence and impact of sub-diagnostic gastrointestinal symptoms
- 2024
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Ingår i: ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) found that 40.3% of adults in 26 internet-surveyed countries met Rome IV criteria for disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). However, additional people not meeting DGBI criteria may also be burdened by frequent gastrointestinal symptoms.AimsTo explore the prevalence and demographic distribution of sub-diagnostic gastrointestinal symptoms, and the hypothesised associated effects on quality of life (QoL), life functioning and healthcare needs.MethodsWe analysed data from the RFGES survey, which included the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire and QoL, psychological, work productivity and healthcare questions.ResultsOf the 50,033 people without a history of organic gastrointestinal disorders, 25.3% classified in the sub-diagnostic group (no DGBI but one or more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms), 41.4% had DGBI and 33.4% had no frequent gastrointestinal symptoms (non-GI group). Sub-diagnostic prevalence in different world regions ranged from 22.2% (North America) to 30.5% (Middle East), was slightly higher among males than females and decreased with age. The sub-diagnostic group was intermediate between the non-GI and DGBI groups, and significantly different from both of them on QoL, anxiety, depression, somatisation, healthcare utilisation and life and work impairment.ConclusionsOne in four adults without organic gastrointestinal disorders or DGBI report frequent gastrointestinal symptoms. This sub-diagnostic group has reduced QoL, greater psychological and non-GI bodily symptoms, impaired work productivity and life activities and greater healthcare use compared to non-GI individuals. This suggests that many in this sub-diagnostic group might benefit from healthcare services or symptom self-management advice. This survey in 26 countries found that 25.3% of adults who do not have organic gastrointestinal disorders or Rome IV disorders of gut-brain interaction have one or more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms. This sub-diagnostic group collectively exhibits reduced quality of life and work productivity, elevated psychological symptoms and increased healthcare needs.
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| 39. |
- Pálsson, S.E., et al.
(författare)
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A simple model to estimate deposition based on a statistical reassessment of global fallout data
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X. ; 121, s. 75-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons began in 1945 and largely ceased in 1963. Monitoring of the resulting global fallout was carried out globally by the Environmental Measurements Laboratory and the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment as well as at national level by some countries. A correlation was identified between fallout deposition and precipitation and an uneven distribution with latitude. In this study, the available data from 1954 to 1976 for 90Sr and 137Cs were reanalysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and logarithmically transformed values of the monthly deposition density as the response variable. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to explore the relationship of different variables to the response variable and quantify the explanatory power that could be achieved. The explanatory variables which consistently explained most of the variability were precipitation at each site, latitude and change with time and a simple linear model was produced with similar explanatory power as the GAM. The estimates improved as the temporal resolution of the precipitation data increased. A good logelog fit could be obtained if a bias of about 1e6 mm precipitation per month was added, this could be interpreted as dry deposition which is not otherwise accounted for in the model. The deposition rate could then be explained as a simple non-linear power function of the precipitation rate (r0.2e0.6 depending on latitude band). A similar non-linear power function relationship has been the outcome of some studies linking wash-out and rain-out coefficients with rain intensity. Our results showed that the precipitation rate was an important parameter, not just the total amount. The simple model presented here allows the recreation of the deposition history at a site, allowing comparison with time series of activity concentrations for different environmental compartments, which is important for model validation.
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| 40. |
- Pearman, Peter B., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of species' genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-334X. ; 8:2, s. 267-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected in biodiversity monitoring, and when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting of efforts to monitor population genetic diversity in Europe (genetic monitoring effort, GME), the evaluation of which can help guide future capacity building and collaboration towards areas most in need of expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with areas where the ranges of selected species of conservation interest approach current and future climate niche limits helps identify whether GME coincides with anticipated climate change effects on biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources and conservation policy influence GME, high values of which only partially match species' joint patterns of limits to suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing climatic niche margins probably hold genetic diversity that is important for adaptation to changing climate. Our results illuminate the need in Europe for expanded investment in genetic monitoring across climate gradients occupied by focal species, a need arguably greatest in southeastern European countries. This need could be met in part by expanding the European Union's Birds and Habitats Directives to fully address the conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity. Comparing data on genetic monitoring efforts across Europe with the distributions of areas at species' climatic niche margins, the authors show that monitoring efforts should be expanded to populations at trailing niche margins to include genetic variation that may prove important for adaptation to ongoing climate warming.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Saevarsdottir, KS, et al.
(författare)
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Illness severity and risk of mental morbidities among patients recovering from COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in the Icelandic population
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:7, s. e049967-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To test if patients recovering from COVID-19 are at increased risk of mental morbidities and to what extent such risk is exacerbated by illness severity.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingIceland.ParticipantsA total of 22 861 individuals were recruited through invitations to existing nationwide cohorts and a social media campaign from 24 April to 22 July 2020, of which 373 were patients recovering from COVID-19.Main outcome measuresSymptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder Scale) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; modified Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5) above screening thresholds. Adjusting for multiple covariates and comorbidities, multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the association between COVID-19 severity and mental morbidities.ResultsCompared with individuals without a diagnosis of COVID-19, patients recovering from COVID-19 had increased risk of depression (22.1% vs 16.2%; adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.82) and PTSD (19.5% vs 15.6%; aRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.75) but not anxiety (13.1% vs 11.3%; aRR 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.64). Elevated relative risks were limited to patients recovering from COVID-19 that were 40 years or older and were particularly high among individuals with university education. Among patients recovering from COVID-19, symptoms of depression were particularly common among those in the highest, compared with the lowest tertile of influenza-like symptom burden (47.1% vs 5.8%; aRR 6.42, 95% CI 2.77 to 14.87), among patients confined to bed for 7 days or longer compared with those never confined to bed (33.3% vs 10.9%; aRR 3.67, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.86) and among patients hospitalised for COVID-19 compared with those never admitted to hospital (48.1% vs 19.9%; aRR 2.72, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.44).ConclusionsSevere disease course is associated with increased risk of depression and PTSD among patients recovering from COVID-19.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Singh-Bhalla, Guneeta, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected termination switching and polarity compensation in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2475-9953. ; 2:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polar crystals composed of charged ionic planes cannot exist in nature without acquiring surface changes to balance an ever-growing dipole. The necessary changes can manifest structurally or electronically as observed in semiconductors and ferroelectric materials through screening charges and/or domain wall formation. In the case of prototypical polar complex oxides such as the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 system the nature of screening charges for different interface terminations is not symmetric. Electron accumulation is observed near the LaAlO3/TiO2-SrTiO3 interface, while the LaAlO3/SrO-SrTiO3 stack is insulating. Here, we observe evidence for an asymmetry in the surface chemical termination for nominally stoichiometric LaAlO3 films in contact with the two different surface layers of SrTiO3 crystals, TiO2 and SrO. Using several element-specific probes, we find that the surface termination of LaAlO3 remains AlO2 irrespective of the starting termination of SrTiO3 substrate surface. We use a combination of cross-plane tunneling measurements and first-principles calculations to understand the effects of this unexpected termination on band alignments and polarity compensation of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. An asymmetry in LaAlO3 polarity compensation and resulting electronic properties will fundamentally limit atomic level control of oxide heterostructures.
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| 45. |
- Wolff, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Spin Incoherent Neutron Scattering from Quantum Well Resonators
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 123:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the detection and quantification of nuclear spin incoherent scattering from hydrogen occupying interstitial sites in a thin film of vanadium. The neutron wave field is enhanced in a quantum resonator with magnetically switchable boundaries. Our results provide a pathway for the study of dynamics at surfaces and in ultrathin films using inelastic and/or quasielastic neutron scattering methods.
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| 46. |
- Östman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Hysteresis-free switching between vortex and collinear magnetic states
- 2014
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 16, s. 053002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a lossless switching between vortex and collinear magnetic states in circular FePd disks arranged in a square lattice. Above a bifurcation temperature (Te) we show that thermal fluctuations are enough to facilitate flipping between the two distinctly different magnetic states. We find that the temperature dependence of the vortex annihilation and nucleation fields can be described by a simple power law relating them to the saturation magnetization.
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